A A man'sman's charactercharacter maymay bebe learnedlearned fromfrom thethe  adjectivesadjectives  whichwhich hehe habituallyhabitually usesuses inin

conversationconversation””

  MarkMark TwainTwain

““TheThe adjectiveadjective isis thethe bananabanana peelpeel ofof thethe partsparts ofof speechspeech..”  ”   CliftonClifton FadimanFadiman  

Adjectives modify nounsAdjectives modify nouns

Adjectives are added to nouns to state:Adjectives are added to nouns to state:

The colourThe colour

which onewhich one

How manyHow many

Follow the yellow cab.Follow the yellow cab.

Dan caught another large bird.Dan caught another large bird.

There is an essential matter we need to There is an essential matter we need to discuss. discuss.

Adjectives modify pronounAdjectives modify pronoun

It is a blue one.It is a blue one.Only a brave few have received a Only a brave few have received a

recommendation.recommendation.

Typesof adjectives Typesof adjectives ( structure)( structure)

Simple compound derivativeSimple compound derivative

Good, well-informed lovelyGood, well-informed lovely

Thin life-span creativeThin life-span creative

Types of adjectives Types of adjectives ( meaning)( meaning)

-qualitative-qualitative adjectives denoting: adjectives denoting:

size shapesize shape

-relative-relative adjectives: expressing adjectives: expressing qualities which characterize an qualities which characterize an object through its relation to another object through its relation to another objectobject

Types of adjectiveTypes of adjective-describing adjectives -describing adjectives These are the most common and describe a These are the most common and describe a

person, place or thing :intelligent, beautiful, tall, spindly, obese, person, place or thing :intelligent, beautiful, tall, spindly, obese, shy, green,athletic, clever, shinyshy, green,athletic, clever, shiny

The shiny coin flashed in the sunlight.The shiny coin flashed in the sunlight.proper adjectivesproper adjectivesThese are proper nouns used as adjectivesThese are proper nouns used as adjectives Australian native animals are unique.Australian native animals are unique. The June rain is ideal for plantsThe June rain is ideal for plantsSimple adjectivesSimple adjectives consist of one syllable. consist of one syllable.Good, old, rich, new, poor, Good, old, rich, new, poor,

long, short.long, short. I want to live a long life. I want to live a long life. possessive adjectives possessive adjectives These tell who something belongs toThese tell who something belongs to..my, my,

his, her, their, your, its, our.his, her, their, your, its, our. This is our garden.Is this your magazine?This is our garden.Is this your magazine?Demonstrative adjectivesDemonstrative adjectivesThis, that, those, theseThis, that, those, these That is my dog. These are our parents.That is my dog. These are our parents.compound adjectivescompound adjectivesThese are adjectives joined by hyphen; shalf-These are adjectives joined by hyphen; shalf-

ripe, feather-light, fast-moving, well-developed.ripe, feather-light, fast-moving, well-developed. The feather-light sponge won fi rst prizeThe feather-light sponge won fi rst prize

The baby was asleep.The baby was asleep.

or an asleep or an asleep babybaby

Adjective :afraid, alone, alive, awake, Adjective :afraid, alone, alive, awake, asleep, gladasleep, glad

are never followed by a noun.are never followed by a noun.

Nouns as adjectivesNouns as adjectives

1. Nouns can be used as adjectives if 1. Nouns can be used as adjectives if they go before another noun. They they go before another noun. They have no plural form in this case. have no plural form in this case.

Can you repair the garden gate? ( a Can you repair the garden gate? ( a morning class, a two-week holiday)morning class, a two-week holiday)

2. Some adjectives can be used as 2. Some adjectives can be used as plurals referring to a group of people in plurals referring to a group of people in general.general.

( the poor, the strong, the deaf, the sick)( the poor, the strong, the deaf, the sick) The rich should help the poor.The rich should help the poor.

How to remember the order How to remember the order of adjectivesof adjectives

This involves remembering a place that you know well, such as your home, This involves remembering a place that you know well, such as your home, and imagining walking through it, looking at things.and imagining walking through it, looking at things.

Imagine that you arrive at the door of your home. On the door is the letter 'A', and Imagine that you arrive at the door of your home. On the door is the letter 'A', and you are greeted by someone who lives there. This helps you to remember the you are greeted by someone who lives there. This helps you to remember the article 'A' or the determiner(s); e.g. article 'A' or the determiner(s); e.g. my Mother'smy Mother's..

Imagine that you are Imagine that you are happyhappy to see each other. This helps you to remember  to see each other. This helps you to remember the the opinionopinion adjective. adjective.

Imagine the Imagine the sizesize of your home: is it big, small, or long?  This helps you to remember  of your home: is it big, small, or long?  This helps you to remember the size adjectives.the size adjectives.

Imagine that you go into your home and you see an object. Remember Imagine that you go into your home and you see an object. Remember the the shapeshape of the object. of the object.

Now imagine that you walk around your home; e.g. towards your room. Think of Now imagine that you walk around your home; e.g. towards your room. Think of another object further from the door. Think of the another object further from the door. Think of the ageage of that object; e.g. new or  of that object; e.g. new or old.old.

Move on to another object, this time a colourful one. Remember what Move on to another object, this time a colourful one. Remember what colourcolour it is. it is. Move on to another object. This object should remind you of a foreign place; e.g. a Move on to another object. This object should remind you of a foreign place; e.g. a

picture of somewhere in China, or a souvenir from a holiday abroad. picture of somewhere in China, or a souvenir from a holiday abroad. This is to help This is to help you remember you remember nationalitynationality..

Next imagine moving to another object, this time a Next imagine moving to another object, this time a religiousreligious one. Maybe you have  one. Maybe you have a place for worshipping your ancestors, or a statue of Buddha.a place for worshipping your ancestors, or a statue of Buddha.

Next move to another object. This should be special because it is made of Next move to another object. This should be special because it is made of one one materialmaterial; e.g. a crystal ornament or a wooden statue.; e.g. a crystal ornament or a wooden statue.

Finally move to a place where there is an object that is described with 2 words, and Finally move to a place where there is an object that is described with 2 words, and the first is a noun; e.g. a the first is a noun; e.g. a book book shelf. Imagine that this is the end of your journey shelf. Imagine that this is the end of your journey around your flat.around your flat.

Put the adjectives in the correct Put the adjectives in the correct orderorder

A Chinese/ little/ pretty girlA Chinese/ little/ pretty girl

a pretty little Chinese girla pretty little Chinese girl

1.1. a(an) wedding/ expensive/ satin/ white/ a(an) wedding/ expensive/ satin/ white/ dressdress

2.2. a/ detective/ new/ brilliant/ French filma/ detective/ new/ brilliant/ French film

3.3. a(an)Greek/ ancient/ fascinating/ a(an)Greek/ ancient/ fascinating/ picturepicture

4.4. a/ red and white/ lovely/ marble/ a/ red and white/ lovely/ marble/ Turkish chess set Turkish chess set

Degrees of ComparisonDegrees of Comparison

1 one syllable1 one syllable

Short- shorter- the Short- shorter- the shortestshortest

Big-bigger-the Big-bigger-the biggestbiggest

Large-larger-the Large-larger-the largestlargest

Easy-easier- the Easy-easier- the easiesteasiest

2 or more syllables2 or more syllables

Special-more special-Special-more special-the most specialthe most special

Attractive-more Attractive-more attractive- the attractive- the most attractivemost attractive

cleverclever

Cleverer Cleverer more more

clevercleverThe the most The the most Cleverest Cleverest

clever clever

commoncommonCruelCruelFriendlyFriendlyGentleGentleNarrowNarrowPleasantPleasantPolitePoliteSimpleSimplestupidstupid

Clever

The cleverest

More clever

The most clever

Irregular adjectivesIrregular adjectives

Old –older-the oldest; elder-the Old –older-the oldest; elder-the eldesteldest

Far-farther-the farthest; further-the Far-farther-the farthest; further-the furthestfurthest

MuchMuchMany more-the mostMany more-the mostLittle-less-the leastLittle-less-the leastLate-later-the latest; latter-the lastLate-later-the latest; latter-the last

Types of comparisonTypes of comparison

Like/asLike/as LikeLike-to say what smb. Or smth. -to say what smb. Or smth.

looks likelooks likeShe looks like MadonnaShe looks like Madonna-after feel, look, smell, sound -after feel, look, smell, sound

+noun+nounIt smells loke fishIt smells loke fish-with nouns/ promouns/ -ing-with nouns/ promouns/ -ingIt eas like flying in the air.It eas like flying in the air.

AsAs-Smb. or smth really is or to -Smb. or smth really is or to

talk about.talk about.He works as a clerk.He works as a clerk.-as usual, as..as, as much, -as usual, as..as, as much,

such as, the same as.such as, the same as.He plays the piano as well as He plays the piano as well as

I do.I do.-verbs: to accept, to be -verbs: to accept, to be

known, to describe, to known, to describe, to refer to, to regard, to use. refer to, to regard, to use.

He is regarded as the best He is regarded as the best student in his class. student in his class.

Fill in like/ asFill in like/ as

He is known ….”Chuck” to his friends.He is known ….”Chuck” to his friends.Her perfume smelt ………roses.Her perfume smelt ………roses.His father worked……….an accountant.His father worked……….an accountant.…………………….usual, Terry was late for work..usual, Terry was late for work.She sings…well … her mother.She sings…well … her mother.Ann looks …………….an angel.Ann looks …………….an angel.Some politicians, such……..John Major, Some politicians, such……..John Major,

are always in the news.are always in the news.

CompareCompare

She is a beautiful girl. ( adj. +noun)She is a beautiful girl. ( adj. +noun)

She is beautiful.(v.She is beautiful.(v.+noun)+noun)

Copula verbs: to be, to seem, to stay, Copula verbs: to be, to seem, to stay, to remain, to feel, to taste, to look, to to remain, to feel, to taste, to look, to hear, to appear.hear, to appear.

GameGame

1. Defining by sense. (To describe an 1. Defining by sense. (To describe an object to the class, through as many object to the class, through as many senses as you can, and ask the class senses as you can, and ask the class to guess what the object is. to guess what the object is.

2. Game: cooperative poem ( to write 2. Game: cooperative poem ( to write an article, a noun, and adjective an article, a noun, and adjective appropriate to the title of the poem appropriate to the title of the poem proposed : “Travelling’’.proposed : “Travelling’’.

Recipe writing.Recipe writing.

Write the “recipe” of the “living Write the “recipe” of the “living happily”, using as many adjectives happily”, using as many adjectives as it is possibleas it is possible..