a model-driven semantic web david frankel (david frankel consulting) pat hayes ( institute for human...

A Model-Driven Semantic Web

David Frankel (David Frankel Consulting)

Pat Hayes (Institute for Human & Machine Cognition, University of West Florida)

Elisa Kendall (Sandpiper Software)

Deborah McGuinness (Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University)

A Model-Driven Semantic Web 2

Metadata Management Scenario1—Integrated MOF Repository


Metadata Management Scenario 2—Federated MOF Repositories


MOF and the Semantic Web

• MOF technology streamlines the mechanics of managing models as XML documents, Java objects, CORBA objects, etc.

• Semantic Web technology is for reasoning about resources– Reasons over models that describes the resources

• MOF provides no help with reasoning• Semantic Web not focused on helping with

mechanics of managing models• Complementary technologies

– Despite some overlap


Applications

• Using ontology-based reasoning to:– Detect problematic financial transactions– Analyze complex business rules– Resolve multiple policy constraints in

• Runtime applications management

• Network management

• While integrating with: – Pre-existing relational and OLAP data stores– Entity-relationship models– UML models– etc.


Business Information Model

context PreferredChecking inv:

--Cannot go below the minBalance

balance >= minBalance

CheckingAccount<<BusinessEntity>>

minBalance : Money

Account<<BusinessEntity>>

id : Stringbalance : Money

Customer<<BusinessEntity>>

socialSecurityNum : Stringname : Stringaddress : String

1..n

1

+account

1..n

+customer1

PreferredChecking<<BusinessEntity>>

{disjoint}

Money<<DataType>>

SavingsAccount<<BusinessEntity>>

interestRate : Decimal

Decimal<<DataType>>


Business Service Model

FundsXFer<<BusinessService>>

XFerFromChecking(in fromAcct : CheckingAccount, in toAcct : SavingsAccount, in amount : Money)

context FundsXFer::XFerFromChecking (fromAcct : CheckingAccount, toAcct : SavingsAccount) : voidpre: --There must be sufficient funds in the checking account to support the transfer fromAcct.balance >= amountpre: --The checking account and the savings account must belong to the same customer fromAccount.customer = toAccount.customer

post: --The balance of the checking account is reduced from its orginal amount by the amount of the transfer fromAcct.balance = fromAcct.balance@pre - amountpost: --The balance of the savings account is increased from its original amount by the amount of the transfer toAcct.balance = toAcct.balance@pre + amount


UML and the Semantic Web

• No established graphical notation for Semantic Web languages

• UML profiling is one approach

• UML profiles for RDF, OWL, and Topic Maps


Toward a Model-Driven Semantic Web

• Submission team– IBM– Sandpiper Software– Gentleware– AT&T (Supporter)– DSTC

• MOF metamodels models of – RDF/S – OWL– Simplified Common Logic– Topic Maps– Entity-Relationship

• UML Profiles for RDF/S, OWL• Mappings

– UML-OWL – (UML-RDF/S)– (UML-Topic Map)


Bridging the Semantic Web and MDA Worlds

MOF/XMI Based Tooling (e.g. Semantic Web Eclipse Plug-In)


OWL-XMI Bridge

OWL-XMI Bridge

Native Semantic WebOntology Development

Tool


Tool

Generic UML Modeling Tool


XMI OWL Document

XMI OWL DocumentNative

OWL Document

Native OWL Document

UML ModelUsing UML Profile


UML-OWL Bridge

UML-OWL Bridge

GenericUML Model

GenericUML Model

A B C

Means tool A outputs B, and B serves as input to tool C.


Translating Entity Relationship Models to OWL



OWL-XMI Bridge

OWL-XMI Bridge


Tool


Tool



XMI OWL Document

XMI OWL DocumentNative

OWL Document

Native OWL Document



UML-OWL Bridge

UML-OWL Bridge

GenericUML Model

GenericUML Model

A B C

Means tool A outputs B, and B serves as input to tool C.

ER ModelER Model

ER ToolER Tool

ER-OWL Bridge

ER-OWL Bridge


Metamodel Contents

• Model of abstract syntax– Defines a domain of conforming abstract

syntax trees

OWLMetamodel

OWLMetamodel

Abstract Syntax

OWLOntology

OWLOntology

Abstract Syntax Tree

= conforms to

SCLMetamodel

SCLMetamodel

Abstract Syntax

SCLExpression

SCLExpression

Abstract Syntax Tree


Part of the SCL Abstract Syntax

CommentedTerm

comment : String

SequenceVariable

Term

1

0..1

1

0..1

Application

0..1

0..1

0..1

0..1

0..*

0..1

+functionPositionTerm0..*{ordered}

0..1

1

0..1

+additonalTerm1

0..1

Name

string : String

'('quotedstring S term S? ')' '(' S? term S termseq S? ')'

termseq ::= (term S?)* seqvar?term ::= name | '(' S? term S termseq S? ')' | '('quotedstring S term S? ')'


Representation of an Abstract Syntax Tree

functionPositionTerm

(married Jack Jill)

: Application

Married : Name Jack : Name Jill : Name

additionalTerm additionalTerm


ODM MetamodelODM Metamodel

Concrete XML-Based Syntax for CWM(XML DTD or

Schema)

Concrete XML-Based Syntax for ODM(XML Schema)

Abstract Syntax

Mapping

XMI: The MOF-XML Technology Mapping


Corresponding Part of the XMI Schema

<xsd:complexType name="Application">

<xsd:complexContent>

<xsd:extension base="omgorg.odm.scl:Term">

<xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0">

<xsd:element name="sequenceVariable"

type="omgorg.odm.scl:SequenceVariable"/>

<xsd:element name="functionPositionTerm"

type="omgorg.odm.scl:Term"/>

<xsd:element name="additonalTerm"

type="omgorg.odm.scl:Term"/>

</xsd:choice>

</xsd:extension>

</xsd:complexContent>


The Core Metamodel

DL Core MetamodelDL Core Metamodel

UML MetamodelUML Metamodel

Means bi-directional mapping

OWL/RDF/S MetamodelOWL/RDF/S Metamodel

ER MetamodelER Metamodel Topic Maps MetamodelTopic Maps Metamodel


Synergy Summary

• MOF’s model management facilities and the Semantic Web’s reasoning capabilities are separate, complementary concerns

• The ability of Semantic Web reasoners to find discrepancies in invariant rules, preconditions, and postconditions, can add scalability to MDA’s use of Design-by-Contract (DBC)

• UML profiles can serve as graphical notations for Semantic Web languages

a model-driven semantic web david frankel (david frankel consulting) pat hayes ( institute for human...

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