a movement to improve american life by expanding democracy and achieving economic and social justice
TRANSCRIPT
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A movement to improve American life by
expanding democracy and achieving economic
and social justice
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FarmersWorkersWritersPolitical LeadersBut most of all, the Urban Middle Class
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Writers exposing the ills of society◦They did so through popular magazines and novels◦Ida Tarbell - History of Standard Oil◦Lincoln Steffens - Shame of the Cities◦Upton Sinclair - The Jungle
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By 1920, ½ of all Americans live in cities
Cities unable to provide services Housing◦Tenement Act of 1901 Landlords to install lighting in public hallways
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Expanding the fight to include the rights of women and children
1904 – National Child Labor Comm. Workday limited to 10 then 8 hrs. in
some states The fight for minimum wage (40% of
workers lived in poverty)◦1912- Mass. Passed min. wage law
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Lochner v. New York (1905)◦Ruled in favor of business. Law limiting
workday of bakers to 10 hrs. violated their ability to enter into a contract
Muller v. Oregon (1908)◦Ruled in favor of workers claiming that a
law limiting women to 10 hrs. protected their health
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International Workers of the World
Founded in 1905 and made up of unskilled labor
Known as the “Wobblies”Connection to violence and socialism
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City Govt.◦Commission System◦Council-manager system
State Govt.◦Wisconsin – “lab of democracy” under Robert La Follette Campaign spending
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Election reforms◦Direct primary◦17th Amendment◦Secret ballot◦Initiative◦Referendum◦Recall
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Women were moving out of the “caring professions” and into the business world
Since many women were denied access to traditional education and certain professions, they turned to reform movements
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Very active in the Prohibition movement and Suffrage◦Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Anti-Saloon League◦1917 – Congress passed the 18th Amendment (ratified in 1919)◦1869 – NWSA forms
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Promoted the belief that govt. has the responsibility to act for the people’s welfare
Marked the transition from laissez-faire to govt. regulation of the economy
Demonstrated the ability of democracy to deal with problems