Spin Off of Sapienza University of Rome

A multi-disciplinary approach for monitoring cultural heritage: the satellite-based SAR technique integrated with structural models and

geo-hazard maps

Maria Marsella1,2, Peppe J. V. D’Aranno1, Silvia Scifoni1,2, Marianna Scutti2, Alberico Sonnessa1,2

1 Università di Roma La Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome2 Survey Lab srl Spin Off dell’ Università di Roma La Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome

Carla Iadanza1, Carlo Cacace 2, Daniele Spizzichino1, Alessandro Trigila1

1 ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Geological Survey of Italy, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy, 2 ISCR, Central Institute for the Conservation and Restoration, Via di San Michele 23, 00153 Rome, Italy

MAIN TOPICS

SAR data for structure monitoring

• Projects on monitoring cultural heritage and structures - timeline

• Main products/results obtained

Integration of different datasets for a preliminary damage assessment

• Available data in the Rome area

• Case study : Chiesa di Santa Maria sopra Minerva

• Preliminary results and conclusive remarks

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ASI _PMI World HEritage monitoring by Remote sEnsing (WHERE)

• Monitoring stability of UNESCO structures in urban areas

• developing a system based on DInSAR data to detect deformation

• Based on high-resolution satellite data from Cosmo-SkyMED

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TIMELINE

2012 – 2013 WHERE Project

2013 – 2015 MO.DI. Project

TodayImplementing

service tool

ASI/ESA/BIC - MOnitoring urban areas by means of long term DInSAR time series)

• improving the capability of monitoring structures through a multidisciplinaryapproach combining DINSAR, structural and geotechnical engineering

• Based on the processing of radar satellite ERS/Envisat data archive and the newacquisition provided by COSMO-SkyMed

Development of methodology for Cultural Heritages damage assessment

• Integration of the DINSAR with the geo-hazard maps (ISPRA) and CulturalHeritage exposure map (ISCR) in order identify

• In-situ validation and input for structural modeling

2007 - 2010 Metro C Project

• controlling a number of archaeological sites which can be potentially affectedby the tunneling works for the metro C line

• Based on high-resolution satellite DINSAR data 1992- 2010 ERS/ENVISAT data

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Metro C Project (2007 – 2010)

• Developed within the DICEA (Department of Civil, Building and Environmental

Engineering Sapienza University for the METRO C consortium

• Design the monitoring system to control the interaction of the tunneling works with

historical buildings and monuments in the historical center of Roma

• Integration of ground and satellite based geomatic sensors

• DInSAR technique was used to perform a back-analysis on the cultural heritages (pre-

construction phase)

– Operational service for monitoring the UNESCO sites

using remote sensing data partially financed by ASI

(ASI contract NI / 002/12/0, second theme reserved to

SME call)

– The main aim was to analyse the conservation and the

static condition of structures of high relevance to our

historical heritage in order to detect critical

phenomena and to implement mitigation actions.

– Implementetion of:

Specific analysis tools (Chains of Processing) for the

three types of risk (Urbanization and human

activities, impact weather and climatic, including

pollution; geo-technical and structural stability of

buildings and surrounding;

a Web-GIS to show results of the analysis.

– SURVEY LAB implemented an

interferometric processing chain to detect

areas affected by ground settlements due

to natural and antropic processes was

implemented and tested using Cosmo-

Skymed datasets

GIS/WEB-GIS

Project Control and co-funding

Project ManagementSystem EngineeringChange Detection

Demonstration

Interferometry

Support to NEXTANT: SystemEngineering Change DetectionDemonstration

Meteo-climate

WHERE TEAM

WHERE (World HEritage monitoring by Remote sEnsing) Project

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• Survey Lab developed an innovative services aimed at assessing and mitigating thehazards, generated both by natural (ground settlements, subsidence, landslide, tectonicmotions) and anthropic processes (water pumping, excavations, underground works)impacting on civil structures and infrastructures (public buildings - schools, hospital, etc).,strategic infrastructures (dam, highways, etc) and cultural heritage sites.

• The service is focused on the exploitation of the results of high resolution DInSAR(Differential SAR Interferometry) analysis to investigate the stability of built-up areas atregional and local scales as well as for implementing damage assessment analyses onsingle buildings starting from the knowledge of the occurred displacements.

• For this purpose, MODI service is developed in order to provide three different levels andsub-levels of product

MO.DI. Project

• Financed by the programme ESA BIC LAZIO (ESA Business Incubator Centre Lazio) OpenCall (2013-2015)

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INTEGRATION OF DIFFERENT DATASETS FOR A PRELIMINARY DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - PROCESSING STEPS

Identificationof the criticalstructure/s to

investigateISPRA

Geo-hazardmaps

SAR DATA

ERS/ENVISAT

(1992-2010)

CosmoSkyMED

(2010-2012)

Geological mapsand historical

data (constructive

details, historicalmaps etc.)

ISCR Cultural Heritage

exposure map

PRELIMINARY POTENTIAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT ON THE IDENTIFIED STRUCTURES

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AVAILABLE DATA – FLOODING MAPS

ISPRA – flooding mapDaniele SPIZZICHINO, Carlo CACACE,Carla IADANZA, Alessandro TRIGILA (2013) BENI CULTURALI E RISCHIO

IDROGEOLOGICO IN ITALIA. Bollettino ICR Nuova Serie numero 27 2013. pp.25-35.

FLOODING AREAS

Cultural heritagesubject to flloding

Cultural Heritage

year

year

year

year

year

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AVAILABLE DATA – VULNERABILITY MAP

VIR (Vincoli In Rete)Vulnerability Maps provided by the ISCR (Central

Institute for the Conservation and Restoration) based http://vincoliinretegeo.beniculturali.it/vir/vir/vir.html

- Around 40 structures classified as vulnerable in the historical centre of Rome

- Vulnerability is calculated by surveying the damage on each element constructive and defining gravity, urgency and extension of the damage

HighMidLow

TYPES OF DAMAGEA DamagesB Disgregation of materialsC MoistureD Biological attacksE Alteration of the surface layersF Missing parts

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AVAILABLE DATA - GEOLOGICAL SETTINGRome Geological Map

Predominance of recentalluvial deposits

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IDENTIFICATION OF THE CRITICAL STRUCTURESAnalyses were preformed on the historical centre of Rome, because of the presence of a large number of cultural heritage

and sites of interests, by correlating different datasets

Average displacement velocity (mm/y)

HighMidLow

Structural vulnerability map

Geological map

FLOODING AREASyear

year

year

year

Cultural heritagesubject to flloding

Hydrological risk map

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INTEGRATION OF DIFFERENT DATASETS FOR A PRELIMINARY DAMAGE ASSESSMENT

Identification of the criticalstructure

Floodable areas

SAR data Geological map

Exposure map

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CASE STUDY : Basilica di Santa Maria sopra Minerva

1. Mean displacement velocity 1.45 mm/y (on CSM data)

2. Differential displacement of the structure

3. Mid architectural/structuralvulnerability

4. Included in the flooding area of the Tiber river

Santa Maria sopra Minerva

Pantheon

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PRELIMINARY RESULTS : ERS/ENVISAT AND CosmoSkyMED

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Ers_Envisat

Cosmo-SkyMed

mm

Year

Mean displacement velocity(mm/y)

ERS/ENVISAT time series : 1,36CosmoSkyMED time series : 1,45

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STATE OF THE ARTCONCRETE STRUCTURES vs CULTURAL HERITAGE

REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

CULTURAL HERITAGES

(BRICK STRUCTURES)

Land mapping scale analysis

Building scale aggregated analysis

Building scale analysis

Building scalemodelling

F

U

T

U

R

E

D

E

V

E

L

O

P

M

E

N

T

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CONCLUSIVE REMARKS

• DInSAR technique offers a great advantage in providing systematic and cost effectivemonitoring of cultural heritage affected by ground settlements caused by natural and/oranthropogenic processes

• The technique, improved by integrating different datasets (geothecnical, structural andhydraulic data), can contribute to i) implement risk analysis in large areas affected bysubsidence, ii) perform damage assessment on single building, iii) improve the monitoringand maintenance plans

• Construction and calibration of numerical model for the damage assessment on brickstructures is very complex

• The integrated use of different dataset permits to better identify the portion of the culturalheritages/monuments affected by structural problems, where perform an in-depth analysisbased on numerical models aimed at modelling the behavior of the whole structure (or partof it)

• At this stage, the DInSAR technique is very useful to drive the processes on cultural heritageby correctly addressing the maintenance and restoration interventions

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION