a natural antioxidant and an environmentally … · institut teknologi sepuluh nopember, surabaya,...

Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 54, 4, 2019

742

A NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT AND AN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY INHIBITOR OF MILD STEEL CORROSION:

A COMMERCIAL OIL OF BASIL (OCIMUM BASILICUM L.)

Hicham Elmsellem1, Yassir El Ouadi1, Majda Mokhtari5, Hajar Bendaif2, Hanae Steli3, Abdelouahed Aouniti1, Ahmed M. Almehdi6, Ibrahim Abdel-Rahman6, Heri Septya Kusuma4, Belkheir Hammouti1

ABSTRACT

This research aims to determine the antioxidant activity of basil and examine by electrochemical methods the effect of the commercial oil of Ocimumbasilicum L. (CooB) on the inhibition of mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid. The DPPH scavenging activity of the commercial oil of Ocimum basilicum L. is less than that of ascorbic acid. The results of the polarization curves show that the corrosion current density decreases from 0.3618 mA/cm2 to 0.0869 mA/cm2 with the addition of CooB inhibitor.The charge transfer resistance increases from 21.11 ohm cm2 to 166.3 ohm cm2 in the electrochemical impedance spectrum after the addition of CooB inhibitor.

Keywords: basil, antioxidant, inhibition, corrosion, mild steel.

Received 15 March 2018Accepted 20 March 2019

Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 54, 4, 2019, 742-749

1 Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Materials, and Environment (LC2AME), Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohammed Premier, B.P. 717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco E-mail: [email protected] LCOMPN-URAC25, Faculty of Sciences, laboratory of Organic Chemistry Macromolecular and Natural Products, University Mohamed 1st University BP 524, 60000 Oujda, Morocco3 Mechanical & Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, Oujda, Morocco4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia5 Laboratory of Valorization and Technology of Saharian Resources (VTRS) Faculty of Technology, Hamma Lakhdar University, 39000, Algeria6 Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah PO Box: 27272, UAE

INTRODUCTION

The interest in natural antioxidants and their therapeutic properties has recently increased dramatically. The studies carried out in various fields lead to the extraction, identification and quantification of these compounds from several natural substances, namely medicinal plants and food products [1 - 4].

The antioxidant activity of a compound refers to its ability to resist oxidation. The most widely known antioxidants refer to β-carotene (provitamin A), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), tocopherol (vitamin E), and phenolic compounds. Indeed, most synthetic antioxidants or

the naturally occurring one have at least one phenolic hydroxyl group in their structure. The antioxidant properties observed are attributed in part to the ability of this moiety to scavenge free radicals, such as hydroxyl (OH •) and superoxide (O2

•) radicals [5 - 8].Several methods are used to evaluate the in vitro

and in vivo antioxidant activity by scavenging different radicals, including the peroxide (ROO•) one. They refer to ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) and TRAP (Total Radical-Trapping Antioxidant Parameter) [9], FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant ion Parameter) [10], and those using ABTS• (a radical of the ammonium salt of 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic

Hicham Elmsellem, Yassir El Ouadi, Majda Mokhtari, Hajar Bendaif, Hanae Steli, Abdelouahed Aouniti, Ahmed M. Almehdi, Ibrahim Abdel-Rahman, Heri Septya Kusuma, Belkheir Hammouti

743

acid) [11] and DPPH• (diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl) radicals [12].

Acid solutions are generally used for removing undesirable scale and rust on metals, for cleaning boilers and heat exchangers, oil-well acidization in oil recovery, etc. [13 - 16]. HCl is one of the most widely used agents. However, iron and its alloys can be corroded during such applications, which results in a waste of resources. Corrosion prevention systems favor the use of chemicals of low or no environmental impacts.

Corrosion inhibitors are chemical compounds that, in small quantities, can retard the metals degradation in hostile environments. Because corrosion inhibition is an economic and effective technique to prevent destruction of metals and alloys, it is widely used. The corresponding inhibitors are introduced to chemical cleaning solutions, industrial water, and petrochemical industrial flows. They are also applied to the atmosphere and the environment and are becoming an indispensable protection measure during industrial production [17, 18].

The assession of plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors is important because of the potential economic and environmental benefits. This study employs a strategy to evaluate the effectiveness of these molecules against corrosion of mild steel in acid media. Many plant extracts have been used as corrosion inhibitors of iron or steel in acidic media [18, 25]. In this paper, electrochemical polarization and gravimetric techniques are applied to study the inhibition ability of CooB in respect to corrosion of steel in 1.0 M HCl solution.

EXPERIMENTALPlant material

Description:l 20-60 cm height.l Oval-lance-shaped leaves reaching between 2 to 3 cm.l The leaves are light to dark green, sometimes purple violet in some varieties.l The stems are erect and branched.

A hydrodistillation apparatus and procedureHydrodistillation is often performed using a

Deryng or a Clevenger type apparatus. In this study, the extraction of the essential oils from the aerial part of CooB was conducted through hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus (Fig. 1).

Antioxidant activity The free radical-scavenging activities of the

solvent extracts were measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as described by Hatano et al. [26]. The antioxidants reacted with the stable free radical DPPH (a deep violet color was observed) and converted it to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine with a corresponding discoloration.

Fig. 1. Hydrodistillation by a Clevenger apparatus.

N N.O2N

O2N

NO2 HAO N N

O2N

NO2HAO

NO2

+ + .

Kingdom: Plantae; Division: Magnoliophyta; Class: Magnoliopsida; Order: Lamiales; Family: LamiaceaeGenre: Ocimum;

DPPH DPPHH


744

AO-H represented a compound capable of yielding hydrogen from DPPH radical (of a violet color) and then transforming it into picryldiphenyl hydrazine (of a yellow color) [27]. Different samples of various concentrations were prepared. The volumes of 0.20 μg/mL to 2.00 μg/mL were added to 3.9 mL of a DPPH radical solution in ethanol. The mixture was strongly shaken and left at room temperature in dark for 30 min’s. to reach equilibrium. The absorbance was measured at 517 nm against a blank sample. The radical-scavenging activity was expressed as percentage of inhibition (I %) according to the following formula [28]:

(I % ) = 100 * (Acontrol – Asample)/Acontrol

where Acontrol was the absorbance of the control reaction, while Asample was the absorbance of the test compound. The sample concentration of 50 % inhibition (IC50) was calculated from the graph of the inhibition percentage versus the sample concentration. The tests were carried out in triplicate. Ascorbic acid was used as a positive control.

Anticorrosion effectsMaterials

Tests were performed on cold rolled steel (CRS) of a composition of 0.09 % P, 0.38 % Si, 0.01 % Al, 0.05 % Mn, 0.21 % C, 0.05 % S and iron to 100%. The materials were polished with emery paper up to 1200 grade, washed thoroughly with doubly-distilled water, degreased with AR grade ethanol and acetone, and dried at a room temperature.

MS samples of 1.0 cm x 1.0 cm x 1.0 cm and MS powder were used for the weight loss measurements. Specimens of an exposed area of 1 cm2 were used for the electrochemical studies. These specimens were degreased ultrasonically with 2-propanol and polished mechanically with different grades of emery paper to obtain a very smooth surface.

Preparation of the solutionsThe test solutions were prepared by dilution of 37 %

HCl (of an analytical grade) with distilled water up to the optimum inhibitor concentration of CooB. The test solutions used in the pH experiments were prepared by dilution with distilled water up to the optimum concentration by pH adjustment by adding HCl or NaOH solution. The inhibitor was dissolved in the acid

solution at the required concentration (mol/L), while the solution containing no inhibitor was used as blank sample for comparison purposes. The test solutions were freshly prepared prior to each experiment by adding CooB directly to the corrosive solution. The experiments were repeated to ensure reproducibility. The three concentrations of CooB that used in this study were 0.25 g/L, 0.50 g/L and 1.00 g/L.

Electrochemical measurements The electrochemical experiments including

also those with the application of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed using a potentiostat PGZ 301 (Radiometer Analytical) controlled by VoltaMaster 4 software. A three electrode electrochemical cell was used. The working electrode (ET) was mild steel, while the counter electrode (CE) was platinum. All potential values were measured against Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Oil Composition

The GC-MS analysis of basil commercial oil (CooB) shows that it contains many compounds (Table 1).

Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is applied to identify 65.51 % of the basil oil composition. The different constituents in a descending order refer to: methyl eugenol (33.49 %), eugenol (18.02 %), trans-geraniol (4.89 %), β – linalool (3.47 %), eucalyptol (2.87 %), isocaryophyllene (1.53 %), and caryophyllene (1.24 %).

Antioxidant effectsThe results of the free radical scavenging activity

of CooB and ascorbic acid (a positive control) are presented in Table 2. The data in the table indicates that

Table 1. Major constituents of CooB commercial oil (%).Compound % Methyl eugenol 33.49 Eugenol 18.02 trans-Geraniol 4.89 β -Linalool 3.47 Eucalyptol 2.87 Isocaryophyllene 1.53 Caryophyllene 1.24


745

DPPH scavenging activities (%) increase significantly in parallel with increase of the concentration of the studied sample from 0.20 μg/mL to 2.00 μg/mL.

Table 2 shows that the antioxidant activity of CooB commercial oil and Vitamin C increases with the increase in concentration of CooB commercial oil. This can be explained by the fact that the studied samples donate hydrogen to DPPH changing its color from violet to yellow and hence leading to less light absorbance. When the antioxidant concentration is high, more DPPH molecules are reduced. Thus, the sample absorbs less light. Generally, CooB shows a poor antioxidant activity at a concentration of 2.00 μg/mL (Fig. 2). The commercial oil of Ocimum basilicum L. exhibits a lower activity (44 %) compared with that of ascorbic acid (83 %). The low antioxidant activity of CooB can be attributed to the volatilization or degradation of the active species in the commercial oil.

Adsorption studiesThe study of the concentration dependence of the

surface coverage (ϴ) provides the information about the mechanism of the adsorption of the various compounds in (CooB) inhibitor on the mild steel surface. Many isotherms are employed to fit the experimental data such as those of Langmuir, Temkin, Frumkin, etc.

It is found that the adsorption of the studied (CooB) inhibitor obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm:

𝐶𝐶ϴ

=1K

+ 𝐶𝐶

where C is the concentration of the (CooB) inhibitor, K is the adsorption equilibrium constant, and ϴ is the surface coverage.

The plot of C/ϴ vs. C yields a straight line as shown in Fig. 3. The corresponding linear regression parameters are listed in Table 3. Both the linear correlation coefficient (r) and the slope are close to 1 indicating that the adsorption of the compounds in the basil oil (CooB) inhibitor on the mild steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Furthermore, the adsorption equilibrium constant (K) is related to the standard free energy ∆G° in accordance with the following equation:

0 .ln(55,5. )adsG RT KD =-where R is the gas constant (8.314 J K-1 mol-1), T is the absolute temperature in (K), and the value of 55.5 is the concentration of water in the solution in (M).

Table 3 shows the value of ΔG0ads. The negative sign

means that the inhibitor is spontaneously adsorbed on the mild steel surface. It is recognized that values of ΔG0

ads up to -20 kJ/mol are consistent with physisorption, while those around -40 kJ/mol or above in negative sign refer

Table 2. CooB antioxidant activity as a function of its concentration.

Sample Antioxidant activity

CooB Concentration in (µg/mL) 0.20 0.35 0.50 1.00 2.00

Scavenging effect on DPPH (%) 12 22 27 31 45

Ascorbic acid Concentration in (µg/mL) 0.20 0.35 0.50 1.00 2.00

Scavengingeffect on DPPH (%) 20 28 32 55 83

Fig. 2. A concentration dependence of the antioxidant power of a commercial oil of Ocimum basilicum L. (CooB) and Vitamin (C). The OD reading is done 30 min after the incubation.

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2

1015202530354045505560657075808590

% In

hibi

tion

[ ] en ug/mL

CooB Acid Ascorbic

Commercial oil of Ocimum basilicum L.


746

to chemisorption. The value found in this study is about –16 kJ mol-1, which in turn indicates physical adsorption of the investigated CooB inhibitor.

Potentiodynamic polarization curvesElectrochemical measurements are carried out to

understand the kinetics of the reactions that taking place on the anode and cathode electrodes. The mild steel electrode is maintained at the corrosion potential

for 30 min’s. and then pre-polarized at 800 mV for 10 min’s. The potential is scanned from -800 mV to -200 mV at a rate of 1 mV/s. Fig. 4 illustrates the cathodic and anodic polarization curves recorded in the absence and presence of various concentrations of CooB inhibitor. The values of the electrochemical corrosion parameters, including the corrosion current density (Icorr), the corrosion potential (Ecorr), the cathodic Tafel slope (βc), the anodic Tafel slope (βa), and the inhibition

Fig. 3. Illustration of Langmuir model describing CooB adsorption on mild steel surface in 1.0 M HCl solution.

0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,10,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

Ocimum basilicum L. Oil

C/Θ

C (g/L)

Table 3. Thermodynamics parameters of CooB adsorption on mild steel surface in 1.0 M HCl solution.

Inhibitor Linear

correlation

Slope

K ∆G0

(kJ mol–1)

Basil Oil 0.9969 1.1681 11.5473 –16.55

Fig. 4. Polarization curves in the absence and presence of various concentrations of CooB inhibitor in 1.0 M HCl solution.

-800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

HCl 1M 0.25 g/L 0.5 g/L 1 g/lL

Log

i (m

A/cm

2 )

E (mV)

Inhibitor concentration in 1.0 M HCl

-ECorr (V) -βC (mV/dec)

Βa (mV/dec) ICorr (mA/cm2) E

(%)

- 0.47 144.2

67.1 0.3618

-

0.25 g/L 0.47 158.0

99.2 0.1949 46.13

0.50 g/L 0.45 149.3

65.3 0.0920 74.57

1.00 g/L 0.45 185.4

62.2 0.0869 75.98

Table 4. Electrochemical parameters of mild steel with various concentrations of CooB inhibitor in 1.0 M HCl solution.


747

efficiency (E %) that obtained by Tafel extrapolation method are listed in Table 4.

Fig. 4 shows that the addition of CooB inhibitor to the 1.0 M HCl solution has an inhibitive effect on both the anodic and the cathodic branch of the polarization curve. The Ecorr value of the mild steel shifts to a more positive value compared to that of the uninhibited one. Thus, the addition of this inhibitor decreases the mild steel dissolution and retards the hydrogen evolution reaction. The presence of CooB does not significantly shift the corrosion potential, which indicates that it acts as a mixed-type inhibitor [29, 30]. Furthermore, the slight change of βc indicates that the cathodic corrosion mechanism of steel does not change.

Table 4 presents the values of the different electrochemical parameters, including the corrosion potential Ecorr, the corrosion current density Icorr, the cathodic Tafel slope βc, the anodic Tafel slope βa, and the inhibition efficiency E%. The results reveal that CooB is a good inhibitor with an inhibition efficiency reaching about 76 % at concentration of 1.00 g/L.

The Ecorr values shift slightly in a cathodic direction when compared to that of the blank sample. If the change in Ecorr is less than ± 85 mV, the corrosion inhibitor may be regarded as a mixed type one [31, 32]. In this case, the maximum displacement is 42 mV, which is lower than the value pointed above. This indicates that the studied inhibitor acts as a mixed-type one.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopyElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy is applied

to acid solutions containing different concentrations of CooB. In all cases, the charge transfer resistances increase with the increase in the concentration CooB. The Nyquist plots that obtained for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution the absence and presence of CooB with (1.00 g/L, 0.50 g/L and 0.25 g/L) CooB inhibitor are shown in Fig. 5.

These spectra reveal that the value of the charge transfer resistance increases as the concentration of the CooB inhibitor increases. Furthermore, the values obtained are close to those obtained from the weight loss measurements and the polarization studies. Table 5 shows clearly that the relation of the CooB inhibitor with the charge transfer resistance (Rct) and the double layer capacitance (Cdl) have an opposite trend. The (Rct) value increases, while Cdl value decreases with the increase in the CooB inhibitor concentration. The latter effect may be attributed to the formation of a protective layer from the CooB inhibitor on the electrode surface [33].

The Nyquist plots of carbon steel for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution without and with various concentrations of CooB addition at 298 K are presented in Fig. 5. The existence of a single semicircle indicates the presence of a single transfer process. Furthermore, the Nyquist plots are characterized by one capacitive loop in absence as well as in presence of the inhibitor. The capacitive loop does not form a perfect semicircle because of the

Table 5. Corrosion parameters obtained by impedance measurements for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution and with various concentrations of CooB.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000

102030405060708090

100110120130140 HCl 1M

0.25 g/L 0.5 g/L 1 g/L

-Z IM

(ohm

.cm

2 )

Z

R (ohm.cm2)

Fig. 5. Nyquist plots for mild steel in the absence and presence of CooB inhibitor in 1.0 M HCl solution.

Inhibitor concentration in 1.0 M HCl

Rct (ohm.cm2) fmax

(Hz) Cdl (µF/cm2) (E %)

- 21.11 100 75.39 - 0.25 g/L 40.40 100 39.39 47.75 0.50 g/L 125.60 40 31.68 83.19 1.00 g/L 166.30 40 23.92 87.3


748

non-homogeneous rough steel surface [34]. The increase of the CooB inhibitor concentration implies an increase of the inhibition efficiency.

The double layer capacitance Cdl of the Helmholtz model is defined by:

Cdl = ((ε0 × ε)/δ) * S

where δ is the thickness of the deposit, S is the surface of the electrode, ε0 is the permittivity of the air, and ε is the medium dielectric constant. The decrease of Cdl values could be attributed either to a decrease of the local dielectric constant, ε, or to the thickness of the inhibitor layer on the metal surface [35, 36]. The decrease of Cdl values with the addition of CooB inhibitor is due to the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules, replacing those of water at the metal-solution interface and leading to a decrease of the local dielectric constant and/or an increase of the thickness of the electrical double layer [37, 38].

CONCLUSIONSVolatilization and degradation of the active species

of the commercial oil results in poor antioxidant activity. Commercial oil of Ocimum basilicum L. exhibits a considerable inhibitive effect on mild steel corrosion in 1.0 M HCl solution. The polarization plots indicate that the studied CooB inhibitor affects both the anodic metal dissolution, and the cathodic hydrogen evolution acting as a mixed type inhibitor. The impedance measurements show that the charge transfer resistance (Rct) and the double layer capacitance (Cdl) have opposite concentration relationships (Rct increases, while Cdl decreases with the increase in the CooB concentration). All the results that obtained from the electrochemical studies show an excellent agreement with the weight loss measurements.

REFERENCES1. C. Sanchez-Moreno, Review: methods used to evalu-

ate the free radical scavenging activity in foods and biological systems, Food. Science. and Technology. International., 8, 4, 2002, 121-137.

2. Fr. Marc, A. Davin, L. Deglene-Benbrahim, C. Fer-rand, Methodes d’evaluation du potentiel antioxy-dant dans les aliments, Erudit, M/S : médecine, Sciences, 20, 4, 2004, 458-463.

3. D. Huang, B. Ou, R.L. Prior, The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 2005, 1841-1856.

4. Y. El Ouadi, A. Amirou, A. Bouyanzer, H. Elmsellem, L. Majidi, F. Bouhtit, B. Hammouti, Antioxidant activity of phenols and flavonoids contents of aqueous extract of Salvia Officinalis origin in the North-East Morocco, Maghr. J. Pure &Appl. Sci., 1, 1, 2015, 18-24.

5. C.A. Rice-Evans, N.J. Miller, P.G. Bolwell, P.M. Bramley, J.B. Pridham, The relative antioxidant activities of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids, Free Radical Research, 22, 1995, 375-383.

6. S. Burda, W. Oleszek, Antioxidant and antiradical activities of flavonoids, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, 2001, 2774-2779.

7. M. Antolovich, P.D. Prenzler, E. Patsalides, S. Mc-Donald, Ro K. Bards, Methods for testing antioxi-dant activity, Analyst, 127, 2002, 183-198.

8. G. Bartosz, Generation of reactive oxygen species in biological systems, Comments on Toxicology, 9, 2003, 5-21.

9. J.M. Ricardo da Silva, N. Darmon, Y. Fernandez, S. Mitjavila, Oxygen free radical scavenger capacity in aqueous models of different procyanidins from grape seeds, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chem-istry, 39, 1991, 549-1552.

10. I.F. Benzie, J. Strain, The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power: The FRAP assay, Analytical Biochemistry, 239, 1996, 70-76.

11. R. Re, N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang, C. Rice- Evans, Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization as-say, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26, 1999, 1231-1237.

12. P. Sharma Om, T.K. Bhat, DPPH antioxidant assay revisited, Food chemistry, 113, 4, 2009, 1202.

13. A.G. Avdeev, Y.I. Kuznetsov, A.K. Buryak, Corros. Sci., 69, 2013, 50-60.

14. P.B. Raja, A.K. Qureshi, A.A. Rahim, H. Osman, K. Awang, Corros. Sci., 69, 2013, 292-301.

15. M. Yadav, S. Kumar, S.U. Sharma, P.N. Yadav, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 4, 5, 2013, 691-700.

16. G. Kardas, Mater.Sci., 41, 2005, 337-343.17. S. Xia, M. Qiua, L. Yua, F. Liua, H. Zhao, Molecular

dynamics and density functional theory study on relationship between structure of imidazoline de-rivatives and inhibition performance, Corros. Sci., 50, 2008, 2021-2029.

18. Y. El Ouadi, N. Lahhit, A. Bouyanzer, H. Elmsellem, L. Majidi, M. Znini, I. Abdel-Rahman, B. Hammouti,


749

B. El Mahi, J. Costa, The use of essential oil of Thy-mus Capitatusoriginating from north-east morocco, as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution, International Journal of Development Research, 6, 2, 2016, 6867-6874.

19. Y. El Ouadi, A. Bouyanzer, L. Majidi, J. Paolini, J.M. Desjobert, J. Costa, A. Chetouani, B. Hammouti, Salvia officinalis essential oil and the extract as green corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in hydrochloric acid, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 6, 7, 2014, 1401-1416.

20. Y. El Ouadi, A. Bouyanzer, L. Majidi, J. Paolini, J.-M. Desjobert, J. Costa, A. Chetouani, B. Hammouti, S. Jodeh, I. Warad, Y. Mabkhot, T. Ben Hadda, Evaluation of Pelargonium extract and oil as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for steel in acidic chlo-ride solutions and pharmacological properties, Res. Chem. Intermed., DOI 10.1007/s11164-014-1802-7.

21. Y. El Ouadi, A. Bouratoua, A. Bouyanzer, Z. Ka-bouche, R. Touzani, H. El Msellem, B. Hammouti, A. Chetouani, Effect of Athamanta sicula oil on inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1M HCl, Der Pharma Chemica, 7 , 2, 2015, 103-111.

22. M. Manssouri, Y. El Ouadi, M. Znini, J. Costa, A. Bouyanzer, J-M. Desjobert, L. Majidi, Adsorption proprieties and inhibition of mild steel corrosion in HCl solution by the essential oil from fruit of Mo-roccan Ammodaucus leucotrichus, Mater. Environ. Sci., 6, 3, 2015, 631-646.

23. Y. El Mounsi, H. Elmsellem, A. Aouniti, H. Bendaha, M. Mimouni, T. Ben Hadda, H. Steli, M. Elazzouzi, Y. El Ouadi, B. Hammouti, Anti-corrosive properties of Nigella sativa L extract on mild steel in molar HCl solution, Der Pharma Chemica, 7, 6, 2015, 64-70.

24. Y.El Ouadi, N. Lahhit, A. Bouyanzer, L. Majidi, H. Elmsellem, K. Cherrak, A. Elyoussfi, B. Hammouti, J. Costa. Chemical Composition and Inhibitory Ef-fect of Essential Oil of Lavande (Lavandula Dentata) LD on the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid (1M), Arabian Journal of Chemical and Envi-ronmental Research., 1, 2, 2015, 49-65.

25. H. Bendaif, A. Melhaoui, M.El Azzouzi, B. Legssyer, T. Hamat, A. Elyoussfi, A. Aouniti, Y.El Ouadi, M. Aziz, Eco-Friendly Pancratium Foetidum Pom Ex-tracts as Corrosion inhibitors for Mild Steel in 1M HCl Media, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 7, 4, 2016, 1276-1287.

26. T. Hatano, H. Kagawa, T.Yasuhara, T. Okuda, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36, 1985, 1090-1097.

27. W. Brand-Williams., M.E. Cuvelier., C. Berset, Use

of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant ac-tivity, Food. Sci. Technol., 28, 1995, 25-30.

28. W. Brand-Williams, M.E. Cuvelier, C. Berset, Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol., 28, 1995, 25-30.

29. H. Elmsellem, H. Nacer, F. Halaimia, A. Aouniti, I. Lakehal, A. Chetouani, S.S. Al-Deyab, I. Warad, R. Touzani, B. Hammouti, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9, 2014, 5328.

30. H. Elmsellem, M.H. Youssouf, A. Aouniti, T. Ben Hadd, A. Chetouani, B. Hammouti, Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 87, 6, 2014, 744-753.

31. H. Elmsellem, T. Harit, A. Aouniti, F. Malek, A. Chet-ouani, B. Hammouti, Protection of Metals and Physi-cal Chemistry of Surfaces, 51, 5, 2015, 873-884.

32. H. Elmsellem, A. Aouniti, Y. Toubi, H. Steli, M. Elazzouzi, S. Radi, B. Elmahi, Y. El Ouadi, A. Chetouani, B. Hammouti, Der Pharma Chemica, 7, 7, 2015, 353-364.

33. H. Elmsellem, N. Basbas, A. Chetouani, A. Aouniti, S. Radi, M. Messali, B. Hammouti, Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta, 2, 2014, 77.

34. H. Elmsellem, A. Aouniti, M. Khoutoul, A. Chet-ouani, B. Hammouti, N. Benchat, R. Touzani, M. Elazzouzi, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 6, 4, 2014, 1216-1224.

35. H. Elmsellem, K. Karrouchi, A. Aouniti, B. Ham-mouti, S. Radi, J. Taoufik, M. Ansar, M. Dahmani, H. Steli, B.El Mahi, Theoretical prediction and experimental study of 5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide as a novel corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl, Der Pharma Chemica, 7, 10, 2015, 237-245.

36. H. Elmsellem, A. Elyoussfi, N. K. Sebbar, A. Dafali, K. Cherrak, H. Steli, E. M. Essassi, A. Aouniti, B. Hammouti, Maghr. J. Pure & Appl. Sci., 1, 2015, 1-10.

37. A. Aouniti, H. Elmsellem, S.Tighadouini, M. Elazzouzi, S. Radi, A. Chetouani, B. Hammouti, A. Zarrouk, Schiff’s base derived from 2-acetyl thiophene as corrosion inhibitor of steel in acidic medium, Journal of Taibah University for Science, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.11.008

38. M.El Azzouzi, A. Aouniti , S. Tighadouin, H. Elmsellem, S. Radi, B. Hammouti, A.El Assyry, F. Bentiss, A. Zarrouk, Some hydrazine derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl: Weight loss, electrochemichal, SEM and theoretical studies, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 221, 2016, 633-641. DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.06.007mass

a natural antioxidant and an environmentally … · institut teknologi sepuluh nopember, surabaya,...

Documents