A NATURAL WAY OF BONE A NATURAL WAY OF BONE ATTACHMENTSATTACHMENTS

PRESENTED BY:- VEDA SRUTHI.K

COLLEGE:-B.V.R.I.T

HYDERABAD

Andhra Pradesh.

pin:-500072

E-mail:-sruthiraju_9@yahoo.com

HOW I GOT IDEA?HOW I GOT IDEA?1.)How I got the idea is that always replacing the metal plates is very complicated.

2.) . The heat generated by the friction of installing hardware can easily accumulate and damage bone tissue, reducing the strength of the connections.

3.) If dissimilar metals are installed in contact with one another (i.e., a titanium plate with cobalt-chromium alloy or stainless steel screws), galvanic corrosion will result.

4.)The metal ions produced can damage the bone locally and may cause systemic effects as well.

5.) Stress shielding occurs when plates or screws carry too large of a portion of the bone's load, causing atrophy.

(p.t.o)

6.) This problem is reduced, but not eliminated, by the use of low-modulus materials, including titanium and its alloys.

7.)So production of this type of minerals cause the environment and the activities immobility.

8.)So after the operation when the metal is thrown they cannot be completely decay in the earth so they cause imbalance to the biological activities.

IDEA:

So by keeping all this in mind I designed this project that why can’t we design naturally that can be helpful in both environmental side and biological activities.

One of the most important point in this project is that we can reduce the operation charge such that the poor people will and can afford the charge.

NOW LET US SEE ABOUT THE DISCRIPTION OF BANYAN TREE AND THEIR RELAVENT DATA.

Banana plant

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliopyta

Class: Liliopsida

Order: Zingiberales

Family: Musaceae

Genus: Musa

Banana, rawNutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

Energy 90 kcal   370 kJ

Carbohydrates     22.84 g

- Sugars  12.23 g  

- Dietary fiber  2.6 g    

Fat 0.33 g

Protein 1.09 g

Vitamin A equiv.  3 μg  0%

Thiamin (Vit. B1)  0.031 mg   2%

Riboflavin (Vit. B2)  0.073 mg   5%

Niacin (Vit. B3)  0.665 mg   4%

Pantothenic acid (B5)  0.334 mg  7%

Vitamin B6  0.367 mg 28%

Folate (Vit. B9)  20 μg  5%

Vitamin C  8.7 mg 15%

Calcium  5 mg 1%

Iron  0.26 mg 2%

Magnesium  27 mg 7% 

Phosphorus  22 mg 3%

Potassium  358 mg   8%

Zinc  0.15 mg 1%

PREPERATION OF NATURAL FIBER FROM THE BANANA PLANT.

The banana plant has long been a source of fiber for high quality textiles. In Japan, the cultivation of banana for clothing and household use dates back to at least the 13th century. In the Japanese system, leaves and shoots are cut from the plant periodically to ensure softness. The harvested shoots must first be boiled in lye to prepare the fibers for the making of the yarn. These banana shoots produce fibers of varying degrees of softness, yielding yarns and textiles with differing qualities for specific uses. For example, the outermost fibers of the shoots are the coarsest, and are suitable for tablecloths, whereas the softest innermost fibers are desirable for kimono and kamishimo. This traditional Japanese banana cloth making process requires many steps, all performed by hand.[12]

In another system employed in Nepal, the trunk of the banana plant is harvested instead, small pieces of which are subjected to a softening process, mechanical extraction of the fibers, bleaching, and drying. After that, the fibers are sent to the Kathmandu valley for the making of high end rugs with a textural quality similar to silk. These banana fiber rugs are woven by the traditional Nepalese hand-knotted methods, and are sold RugMark certified

Structure of bone(arm)Structure of bone(arm)before and after a surgerybefore and after a surgery

Bone fractureClassification & external resources

Internal and external views of an arm with a compound fracture, both before and after surgery

ICD-10 T14.2

ICD-9 829

DiseasesDB 4939

MeSH D050723

 

NATURALLY ITSELF THE BONE HEALSNATURALLY ITSELF THE BONE HEALSThe bone heals naturally like the following process

Bone healingMain article: Bone healing

The natural process of healing a fracture starts when the injured bone and surrounding tissues bleed. The blood coagulates to form a blood clot situated between the broken fragments. Within a few days blood vessels grow into the jelly-like matrix of the blood clot. The new blood vessels bring white blood cells to the area, which gradually remove the non-viable material. The blood vessels also bring fibroblasts in the walls of the vessels and these multiply and produce collagen fibres. In this way the blood clot is replaced by a matrix of collagen. Collagen's rubbery consistency allows bone fragments to move only a small amount unless severe or persistent force is applied.

(p.t.o)

At this stage, some of the fibroblasts begin to lay down bone matrix (calcium hydroxyapatite) in the form of insoluble crystals. This mineralization of the collagen matrix stiffens it and transforms it into bone. In fact, bone is a mineralized collagen matrix; if the mineral is dissolved out of bone, it becomes rubbery. Healing bone callus is on average sufficiently mineralized to show up on X-ray within 6 weeks in adults and less in children. This initial "woven" bone does not have the strong mechanical properties of mature bone. By a process of remodeling, the woven bone is replaced by mature "lamellar" bone. The whole process can take up to 18 months, but in adults the strength of the healing bone is usually 80% of normal by 3 months after the injury.

Several factors can help or hinder the bone healing process. For example, any form of nicotine hinders the process of bone healing, and adequate nutrition (including calcium intake) will help the bone healing process. Weight-bearing stress on bone, after the bone has healed sufficiently to bear the weight, also builds bone strength.

TREATMENT:-First aid for fractures includes stabilizing the break with a splint in order to prevent movement of the injured part, which could sever blood vessels and cause further tissue damage. Waxed cardboard splints are inexpensive, lightweight, waterproof and strong. Compound fractures are treated as open wounds in addition to fractures.At the hospital, closed fractures are diagnosed by taking an X-ray photograph of the injury.

Since bone healing is a natural process which will most often occur, fracture treatment aims to ensure the best possible function of the injured part after healing.

(p.t.o)

Bone fractures are typically treated by restoring the fractured pieces of bone to their natural positions (if necessary), and maintaining those positions while the bone heals. To put them back into the natural positions, the doctor often "snaps" the bones back into place. This process is extremely painful without anesthesia, about as painful as breaking the bone itself. To this end, a fractured limb is usually immobilized with a plaster or fiberglass cast which holds the bones in position and immobilizes the joints above and below the fracture. If being treated with surgery, surgical nails, screws, plates and wires are used to hold the fractured bone together more directly. Alternatively, fractured bones may be treated by the Ilizarov method which is a form of external fixator.

Occasionally smaller bones, such as toes, may be treated without the cast, by buddy wrapping them, which serves a similar function to making a cast. By allowing only limited movement, fixation helps preserve anatomical alignment while enabling callus formation, towards the target of achieving union. (p.t.o)

Surgical methods of treating fractures have their own risks and benefits, but usually surgery is done only if conservative treatment has failed or is very likely to fail. With some fractures such as hip fractures (usually caused by osteoporosis or Osteogenesis Imperfecta), surgery is offered routinely, because the complications of non-operative treatment include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, which are more dangerous than surgery. When a joint surface is damaged by a fracture, surgery is also commonly recommended to make an accurate anatomical reduction and restore the smoothness of the joint.

Infection is especially dangerous in bones, due to their limited blood flow. Bone tissue is predominantly extracellular matrix, rather than living cells, and the few blood vessels needed to support this low metabolism are only able to bring a limited number of immune cells to an injury to fight infection. For this reason, open fractures and osteotomies call for very careful antiseptic procedures and prophylactic antibiotics.

X-RAY DIAGRAMS OF TIBIA X-RAY DIAGRAMS OF TIBIA WITH INTRAMEDULAR NAILWITH INTRAMEDULAR NAIL

X-ray showing a the proximal portion of a fractured tibia with an intramedular nail.

X-ray showing the distal portion of a fractured tibia and intramedular nail.

NATURAL PROCESS OF NATURAL PROCESS OF ATTACHMENTATTACHMENT

In our natural process there will be only fiber and some natural chemicals.

There will be three steps in the fiber extraction

1.)Green bark extraction

2.)White stem separation

3.)Fiber separation from the internal stem.

Diagrammatic representationDiagrammatic representation

Green bark outer layer of the tree

White stem after removal of the bark

Final product(fiber)

ProcedureProcedure

1.)After doing the surgery then first we have to apply the natural glue this can also be prepared from the banyan plan.

2.)Then secondly we have to take the natural fiber and glue from the plant that which is obtained.

3.)Then we have to tie the fiber around the broken part then before that we have to apply the natural glue to the part.

4.)The person must take rest of nearly 30 days.

5.)Then he must intake of minerals that is Nacl,Iron,Calcium etc.

DECOMPOSITION CAPABILITY:-

NO.of days

Decaying capability

If so there is scarce in the banyan plant then we can use pine If so there is scarce in the banyan plant then we can use pine apple plant or palm plant.apple plant or palm plant.

General description:-Piña is a fiber made from the leaves of a pineapple and is commonly used in the Philippines. It is sometimes combined with silk or polyester to create a textile fabric. The end fabric is lightweight, easy to care for and has an elegant appearance similar to linen.[1]

Major Fiber Properties:-

Piña comes from the leaves of the pineapple plant. "Each strand of the hand scraped Piña fiber is knotted one by one to form a continuous filament for hand weaving into the Piña cloth". [2] The piña fiber is softer, and has a high luster, and is usually white or ivory in color.

Production Methods:-

Scraping a pineapple leaf to reveal the fibers.Since piña is from a leaf, the leaf has to first be cut from the plant. Then the fiber is pulled or split away from the leaf. Most leaf fibers are long and somewhat stiff.

Uses pine fiberUses pine fiberA major use for piña fabric is in the creation of the Barong Tagalog and other formal wear that is common in the Philippines. It is also used for other table linens, bags, mats and other clothing items, or anytime that a lightweight, but stiff and sheer fabric is needed.

Thank you for giving me this opportunity of listening my idea. I would also thank NITIN SAGAR for encouraging me in this project and giving his valuable decisions.