A NEW EMISSION INVENTORY OF POWER PLANTS AND INDUSTRIAL

FACILITIES IN THAILAND

PHAM THI BICH THAO, KASEMSAN MANOMAIPHIBOON*, and

CHATCHAWAN VONGMAHADLEK

For Better Air Quality (BAQ) Conference Dec., 2006, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE)King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT)

Bangkok, Thailandhttp://www.jgsee.kmutt.ac.th

*Corresponding Author: kasemsan_m@jgsee.kmutt.ac.th

Emission Inventory

INTRODUCTION

A comprehensive listing by sources of air pollutant emissions in a geographic area during a specific time period

Important and useful in air quality management, planning, as well as modeling

Source: US EPA

Impact & Policy Assessment

Environmental Strategy• Policies• Controls

Environmental Goals• Technical Feasibility• Economic Issues• Political Implications

Environmental Impacts• Human Health• Ecosystem• Economic

Atmospheric Processes

PollutantDistributions

Atmosphere

Air Quality Management Cycle

Emissions

INTRODUCTION

Scope of Work

Emissions covered: NOX, SO2, NMVOC, CO, NH3, OC, and BC

Reason:To support air quality studies of ozone and fine particulate matter for Thailand

Emission sources: EGAT, IPP, and SPP Onshore industrial facilities

Base year: 2004 Domain: Entire Thailand

INTRODUCTION

Results shown here: Interim + Subject to double checking as part of QA process (ongoing)

Thailand & Its regions

INTRODUCTION

RegionNo. of PowerPlants

%No. of

IndustrialFacilitiesa

%

Central 36 31.0 47,035 38.6

Eastern 39 33.6 8,560 7.0

Northern 17 14.7 15,358 12.6

Northeastern 13 11.2 41,163 33.8

Southern 11 9.5 9,823 8.1

Source: Department of Industrial Works

a) Excluding power plants

General Approach

where

E: Emission rate [mass per time],

EFuncontrolled: Emission factor without control technology [mass per activity unit],

EFcontrolled: Emission factor with control technology [mass per activity unit],

A: Activity rate [activity unit per time], and

ER: Control efficiency (in percent)

,100

1 controllededuncontroll AEFER

AEFE

METHODOLOGY

Emission Estimation Diagram

METHODOLOGY

Fuel consumption (Source Specific)

EGAT

Power Plants

IPP

Top-downBottom-up

SPP

Co

ntr

oll

ed

EF

s

Fuel Consumption

Un

co

ntr

oll

ed

EF

s

Semi Bottom-up

Installed Capacity

Un

co

ntr

oll

ed

EF

s

Annual Emission Estimates

Industrial Facilities

Top-down

Industrial Production

Un

co

ntr

oll

ed

EF

s

Industrial Facilities

Energy Consumption Industrial Processes

Emission Factors

NOX SO2 NMVOC CO NH3 BC OC

Power Plants

EGAT AP-42 AP-42 IPCC AP-42 EIIP

Cao et al. (2006)a

IPP AP-42 AP-42 IPCC AP-42 EIIP

SPP IPCC AP-42 IPCC IPCC EIIP

Industrial Facilities IPCC AP-42 IPCC IPCC EIIP

METHODOLOGY

a) Cao et al (2006) Inventory of black carbon and organic carbon emissions from China. Atmospheric Environment 40, 6516-6527

Emission control in EGAT and IPP: Low-NOX burner and water injection

No emission control for CO & NMVOC No emission control in SPP & industrial facilities Average operation of industrial facilities:

48 hours/week

METHODOLOGY

Assumptions

Energy Consumption by TSICa (in percent)

METHODOLOGY

a) Thai Standard Industrial Classification

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%F

oo

d &

Be

vera

ge

Te

xtile

Wo

od

&F

urn

iture

Pa

pe

r

Ch

em

ica

ls

No

n-M

eta

l

Ba

sic

Me

tal

Fa

bri

catio

n

Oth

er

(Un

cla

ssifi

ed

)

RenewableEnergy

Electricity

Natural Gas

PetroleumProduct

Coal &Lignite

Source: Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency

Emission Estimates for Thermal Power Plants by Region

RESULTS

Annual NOX (103 ton)4.8

29.7

2.4

31.3

32.2

C

E

N

NE

S

Annual SO2 (103 ton)1.8 11.2

92.5 78.3

C

E

N

NE

S

Annual CO (103 ton)

4.1

20.816.1

11.814.3

C

E

N

NE

S

Annual NMVOC (103 ton)

0.4

2.50.9

1.4

1.8

C

E

N

NE

S

RESULTS

Annual OC (103 ton)

0.4

4.5

0.1

C

E

N

NE

S

Annual BC (103 ton)

1.1

6.3

1.1 0.9

0.2

C

E

N

NE

S

Annual NH3 (103 ton)

0.72.5

0.7

0.1

C

E

N

NE

S

RESULTS

Emission Estimates for Industrial Facilities by Region - Energy Consumption

Annual NOX (103 ton)

5.13.5

10.9 33.3

2.7C

E

N

NE

S

Annual NMVOC (103 ton)

0.8

11.02.8

1.2

1.7 C

E

N

NE

S

Annual CO (103 ton)

66.6

51.9

104.5 422.6

7.2

C

E

N

NE

S

Annual SO2 (103 ton)

8.4

136.848.2

10.410.5

C

E

N

NE

S

RESULTS

Annual NH3 (103 ton)

0.10.1

0.40.9

C

E

N

NE

S

Annual OC (103 ton)

8.1

5.0

8.0

39.0

3.2C

E

N

NE

S

Annual BC (103 ton)

3.0

2.3

15.2 26.6

2.3C

E

N

NE

S

Emission Estimates for Industrial Facilities by TSIC - Energy Consumption

RESULTS

Annual SO2 (103 ton)

16.2

4.7 13.3

64.2

44.3

21.3

21.127.4

Food & Beverage

Textile

Wood & Furniture

Paper

Chemicals

Non-Metal

Basic Metal

Fabrication

Other (Unclassified)

Annual CO (103 ton)

19.5

5.916.9

152.0

90.2

41.812.1

310.2

Food & Beverage

Textile

Wood & Furniture

Paper

Chemicals

Non-Metal

Basic Metal

Fabrication

Other (Unclassified)

Annual NMVOC (103 ton)

0.5

0.10.5

4.1

2.5

1.10.4

8.2

Food & Beverage

Textile

Wood & Furniture

Paper

Chemicals

Non-Metal

Basic Metal

Fabrication

Other (Unclassified)

Annual NOX (103 ton)

2.9

3.1 3.8

6.8

9.62.3 4.0

22.2

Food & Beverage

Textile

Wood & Furniture

Paper

Chemicals

Non-Metal

Basic Metal

Fabrication

Other (Unclassified)

RESULTS

Annual BC (103 ton)

3.6

8.02.5

2.9

16.91.5

3.00.8

10.1

Food & Beverage

Textile

Wood & Furniture

Paper

Chemicals

Non-Metal

Basic Metal

Fabrication

Other (Unclassified)

Annual OC (103 ton)

1.52.7

7.4

5.52.1

1.941.2

Food & Beverage

Textile

Wood & Furniture

Paper

Chemicals

Non-Metal

Basic Metal

Fabrication

Other (Unclassified)

Annual NH3 (103 ton)

0.1

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.10.1Food & Beverage

Textile

Wood & Furniture

Paper

Chemicals

Non-Metal

Basic Metal

Fabrication

Other (Unclassified)

Emission Estimates for Industrial Facilities by TSIC - Industrial Processes

RESULTS

SO2 (103 ton) 273.2

NMVOC (103 ton) 13.5

CO (103 ton) 57.3

Comparison to Past Emission Inventories

RESULTS

This study

(2004)

TRACE-P

(2000)

JICA

(2000)

DEDE

(2004)

NOX

(103 ton)155.9 207.1 176.0 413

SO2

(103 ton)398.0 888.8 320 357

CO

(103 ton)719.9 NA NA 209

Development of temporal distribution profiles of

emission sources

Spatial allocation

Physical characterization of emission sources

(e.g., stack parameters and locations)

Ongoing Work

Acknowledgments Suthisa Sanguantrakool (Department of Alternative

Energy Development and Efficiency)

Piyavadee Limvoranusorn (Pollution Control Department)

Dr. Sirakarn Leungsakul (Department of Industrial Works)

Dr. Decha Pimpisut (Department of Industrial Works)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Prungchan Wongwises (JGSEE)

Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)

Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE).

THANK YOU