a new kind of war “one out of every four men who went out to the world war did not come back...

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A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind and some are mad”

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Page 1: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

A New Kind of War • “One out of every four men who went out to the

World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind and some are mad”

Page 2: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind
Page 3: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind
Page 4: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind
Page 5: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind
Page 6: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind
Page 7: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

The Western Front

• Germany’s plans for a quick defeat of France did not work

• What was this plan called? • Reason for failure:

– Russia mobilized faster than expected

– Germans shift troops to the east--weakening forces in the west

– French and British troops push back German advances at the Battle of the Marne-No quick win for Germany

Page 8: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

The Western Front

Page 9: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Multi-Front War

Page 10: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Stalemate on the Western Front

• Both dig trenches to protect their armies from enemy fire

• Conflict turns into a long deadly stalemate• Battle lines remain unchanged in France for four

years• Massive human cost to break the stalemate

Page 11: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Verdun -- February, 1916

• German offensive• 11 month struggle• Each side had 500,000 killed or missing

Page 12: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

The Somme --- July, 1916

• Allied offensive• 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day• Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months

Page 13: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind
Page 14: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Why was control over the Adriatic, Mediterranean, and North Seas significant

during WWI?

Page 15: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

• It was essential to forcing a naval blockade of the Central Powers

Page 16: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Trench Warfare

Page 17: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

British Trenches

German Trenches

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View of Trench from Above

Page 20: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Artillery Line

• The artillery line was where the big field guns were located. They were used to fire shells at the enemy. The noise from a barrage of guns was deafening.

Page 21: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

View of Trench from Above

Page 22: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Support Trench

• The support trenches provided a second line of defense in case the front line trench was taken by the enemy. They also contained first aid stations and kitchens to ensure men in the front line had medical treatment and hot food.

Page 23: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

View of Trench from Above

Page 24: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Communication Trench

• The communication trenches were used to move between the front and rear trenches. They were also used to transport injured men to the field hospitals.

Page 25: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

View of Trench from Above

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Machine Gun Nest

• The machine gun nest was where the machine guns were located. They were manned by two or three soldiers who fired on any advancing enemy.

Page 27: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

View of Trench from Above

Page 28: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Bunker

• The underground bunkers were used to store food, weapons and artillery. They were also used as command centers and had a telephone link to report information and receive instructions. The underground bunkers also offered the men protection from fire and the elements.

Page 29: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

View of Trench from Above

Page 30: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Traverse

• Trenches were not built in straight lines. This was so that if the enemy managed to get into the front line trench they would not have a straight firing line along the trench. Trenches were therefore built with alternating straight and angled lines. The traverse was the name given to the angled parts of the trench.

Page 31: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

View of Trench from Above

Page 32: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Front Line Trench

• The front line trenches were generally about 8 feet deep and between 4 and 6 feet wide. Soldiers would spend around a week in the front line trench then would spend a week in the rear trenches or a rest camp. Life at the front line was not pleasant; soldiers were liable to be hit by enemy fire or sometimes by their own artillery.

Page 33: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

View of Trench from Above

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Barbed Wire

• Barbed wire was used extensively in the trench warfare of world war one. It was laid, several rows deep, by both sides to protect the front line trench. Wire breaks were placed at intervals to allow men access to no man's land.

Page 35: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

View of Trench from Above

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Listening Post

• Listening posts were used to monitor enemy activity. They were usually approximately 30 yards in front of the front line trench.

Page 37: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Cross Section of a Front Line Trench

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Sand Bags

• Sandbags were used to protect the soldiers from enemy rifle fire. They were, however, less effective in the event of shell fire. Sandbags were also sometimes placed in the bottom of the trench to soak up water.

Page 39: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Cross Section of a Front Line Trench

Page 40: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Bolt Hole

• The bolt hole or dug out was built into the sides of the trench. The earth was shored up with wood and the roof often lined with corrugated iron. The men used the bolt hole for protection, eating and sleeping.

Page 41: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Cross Section of a Front Line Trench

Page 42: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Trench Board

• The trench board known as the fire step was built about two to three feet above the floor of the trench. It enabled men to see over the wall of the trench and to fire on any enemy advance.

Page 43: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Cross Section of a Front Line Trench

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Duck Board/Sump

• To prevent the trenches from becoming waterlogged, a narrow drainage channel known as a sump would be built at the bottom of the trench. This would then be covered with wooden trench boards known as duck boards.

Page 45: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Trench Foot

• Soldiers who spent prolonged periods of time standing in waterlogged trenches were liable to suffer from frostbite and/or trench foot. To prevent trench foot, soldiers were instructed to change their socks frequently, wear waterproof footwear and to cover their feet with whale oil.

Page 46: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind
Page 47: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Cross Section of a Front Line Trench

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Trench Block

• A trench block was a wood and wire structure that was made to block the trenches and prevent the enemy from advancing through a trench system.

Page 49: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Cross Section of a Front Line Trench

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Machine Guns

• The machine gun was the most widely used weapon in world war one. The guns were very heavy and had to be supported on a tripod. They also required three or four men to operate them.

Page 51: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

French Renault Tank

Page 52: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

British Tank---Stuck in “No Man’s Land”

Page 53: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

U-Boats

Page 54: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

Page 55: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

The Airplane

Page 56: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Flying Aces of WWI

Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.

Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.

[The “Red Baron”]

Rene PaukFonck, Fr.

Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.

Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco

Barraco, It.

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Curtis-MartinU.S. Aircraft Plant

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Searching for the Red Baron

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The Zeppelin

Page 60: A New Kind of War “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again…and of those who came back, many were maimed and blind

Grenade Launchers & Flame Throwers

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Poison Gas

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Machine Guns

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No Man’s Land

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War is Hell

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• What is the main reason why military casualties in WWI were so much greater than those of previous wars?