IPWEA, 2015

A New Model for

Parking

Assessment

Jacob Martin, Senior Transport Planner

Sneha Rapur, Transport Planner Cardno Traffic and Transportation WA

Overview

The Context

Cities and their Parking woes How much more?

Activity Centres

Importance of Parking Assessment

Concept of Shared and Reciprocal Parking

The New Model for Parking Assessment

Model Application

Midland Oval Activity Centre Parking

Bussleton Shopping Centre Expansion Parking

Parking Management Plans : Informing Policy and Planning

The Context

HOW MUCH MORE?

Historical Practice in Perth

Supply Requirements

> Standard minimum parking set by Town Planning Scheme

> Discretionary concessions by LGAs

> Parking provision beholden to many considerations

On Street parking

> Not generally included in parking supply (city centres excepted)

Impacts of abundant parking supply

> Limited public transport (low demand insufficient income)

> Social, amenity and environment impacts

The Numbers

> 1.73 Million People

> 1.1 Million Private Motor Vehicles

> 3.5 Million Parking Spaces! (On-street and Off-Street non-residential) = 6000 ha

3.2 parking spaces/ car !

> 3.5 Million People

> 1.47 Million Private Motor Vehicles

> 4.7 Million Parking Spaces! (On-street and Off-Street non-residential) = 8000 ha

=

2031 if unchecked,

Perth Today

Source: Based on Davis, Pijanowski, Robinson and Engel, 2010 ; ABS 2010, Projections

Progression towards Sustainability

State Government

> Directions 2031

> SPP4.2 Activity Centres for Perth and Peel

> Draft Activity Centres Parking Policy

> Perth Parking Policy

> Public Transport for Perth/WABN

Local Government

> Numerous DCPs and Structure Plans

Private Developers and Society

> Environmental and social costs

> Infrastructure and opportunity costs

Best Practices in Parking Management

A shift from

Parking Supply Management > Share Parking

> Regulate Parking Use - Policies

> More Accurate and Flexible Parking Standards

> Parking Maximums

> Public Car Parking

> Parking Restrictions (time and type)

> Remote Parking and Park & Ride

> Improve User Information and Marketing

> Smart Growth and Location Efficient

Development

> Transportation Management Associations and

Parking Brokerage

> Increase Capacity of Existing Parking Facilities

> Implement TDM Programs

Parking Pricing > Price Parking

> Commuter Financial Incentives (Parking Cash Out and

Transit Benefits)

> Unbundle Parking

> Tax Parking Facilities or Their Use

> Control Parking Passes

> Cash-in-lieu

Sustainable Transport Alternatives > Improve Walkability

> Bicycle Parking

> Develop Overflow Parking Plans

> Address Spill over Problems

> Parking Facility Design

Source: Parking Management Strategies for More Efficient Use of Parking Resources, Victoria Transport Policy Institute

Shared Parking

> Where a single bay may be used by multiple land uses across the day

according to need.

Reciprocal Parking

> Where a single bay is consumed for a trip chain across multiple land uses

The New Model for Parking Assessment Concepts of Shared and Reciprocal Parking

The New Model for Parking Assessment Shared Parking

Source: ITE, Parking Generation, 4th edition

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

12:00 AM 4:00 AM 8:00 AM 12:00 PM 4:00 PM 8:00 PM

Retail Supermarket Commercial/Office/Police Food Residential Academic Health

-6,000

-4,000

-2,000

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00

Health Retail Office Academic Food Reciprocal Total

The New Model for Parking Assessment Reciprocal Parking

The New Model for Parking Assessment Internal Trip Capture Rates to estimate Reciprocal Interactions

To

From Residential Office Retail Restaurant Hotel Cinema

Residential -- 4% 42% 21% 3% --

Office 2% -- 20% 4% -- --

Retail 26% 2% -- 29% 5% 4%

Restaurant 18% 3% 41% -- 7% 8%

Hotel 2% -- 16% 68% -- --

Cinema 8% 2% 21% 31% 2% --

From

To Residential Office Retail Restaurant Hotel Cinema

Residential -- 4% 46% 16% -- 4%

Office 57% -- 31% 30% -- 6%

Retail 10% 8% -- 50% 2% 4%

Restaurant 14% 2% 29% -- 5% 3%

Hotel 12% -- 17% 71% -- 1%

Cinema -- 1% 26% 32% -- --

PM Peak

Source: NCHRP Report 684: Enhancing Internal Trip Capture Estimation for Mixed-Use Developments (March 2011)

The New Model for Parking Assessment The Methodology

> Determine unrestrained demand without

shared or reciprocal parking

> Include impacts of sharing parking across the

broad land-use categories

> Include consideration for reciprocal parking

(internal trip capture)

> Derive reasonable targets for mode shift

> Test options for improvement to try to meet

target parking provision

> Assess feasibility and infrastructure

requirements

The New Model for Parking Assessment

RESIDENTIAL 100 Units

RETAIL CENTRE 1000 sq m

RESTAURANT 100 sq m

CINEMA 100 seats

Parking Spaces 69 40 18 15

142

A Simple Illustration

Total

73 Total Non- Residential Parking

The New Model for Parking Assessment A Simple Illustration

EXCLUSIVE PARKING

SHARED PARKING

RECIPROCAL PARKING AM

RECIPROCAL PARKING PM

RECIPROCAL

NON-RESIDENTIAL

SHARED

Reduction of up to 26 bays

The New Model for Parking Assessment Reciprocal Synergies within the precinct

The New Model for Parking Assessment Reciprocal Synergies between the precinct and surrounding land uses

Midland Oval Re-development Precinct Model Application at a large scale Activity Centre Precinct

Midland Oval Re-development Precinct Model Application to an Activity Centre Precinct

Residential High density residential development

Commercial Constituting private office spaces,

Civic Government and Administration

Retail Constituting shops and supermarkets

Restaurants Small bars and quality restaurants

Night Clubs Small bars and club facility functioning

mostly during the late hours in the

night

Entertainment

Spaces

Constituting cinemas

Hotels In the form of serviced apartments and

hotels.

Recreational Public Library, Art Gallery