a new nation ch. 6 notes. 3-2-1 what are the 3 most important things the government should worry...
TRANSCRIPT
A New NationCh. 6 Notes
3-2-1
• What are the 3 most important things the government should worry about?
• List 2 facts you didn’t know prior to the video
• 1 thing you need clarification on, or see that may be an issue later on
Establishing Government
• First time govt. created on Enlightenment ideals
• No blueprint for success
• Issues:
• How to raise revenue
• How to defend the nation
• “We are in a wilderness without a single footstep to guide us”-James Madison
Judicial BranchJudiciary Act of 1789
13 District Courts
3 Courts of Appeal
Supreme Court
Chief Justice-John Jay
Shaping the Executive Branch
• 2 positions exist in Exec. Branch in 1789
• Congress creates positions to aid in running country
• Washington chooses capable leaders to run each division
• Comes to be known as the “Presidential Cabinet”
Washington’s Cabinet• Department of State
• Foreign affairs
• Thomas Jefferson
• Department of the Treasury
• Financial and monetary matters
• Alexander Hamilton
Washington’s Cabinet
• Department of War
• General Henry Knox
• Deals with all military
• Office of the Attorney General
• Edmund Randolph
• Head lawyer of the U.S. government
• Vice President of the United StatesJoseph R. Biden
• Department of StateSecretary John Kerry
• Department of the TreasurySecretary Jack Lew
• Department of DefenseSecretary Ashton B. Carter
• Department of JusticeAttorney General Loretta Lynch
• Department of the InteriorSecretary Sally Jewell
Department of AgricultureSecretary Thomas J. Vilsack
Department of Commerce
Secretary Penny Pritzker
• Department of LaborSecretary Thomas E. Perez
• Department of Health and Human ServicesSecretary Sylvia Mathews Burwell
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Secretary Julián Castro
Department of Transportation
Secretary Anthony Foxx
Department of EnergySecretary Ernest Moniz
Department of Education
Secretary Arne Duncan
Department of Veterans AffairsSecretary Robert McDonald
Department of Homeland Security
Secretary Jeh Johnson
• The following positions have the status of Cabinet-rank:
White House Chief of StaffDenis McDonough
Environmental Protection AgencyAdministrator Gina McCarthy
Office of Management & BudgetDirector Shaun L.S. Donovan
United States Trade RepresentativeAmbassador Michael Froman
United States Mission to the United NationsAmbassador Samantha Power
Council of Economic AdvisersChairman Jason Furman
Small Business AdministrationAdministrator Maria Contreras-Sweet
Financing the Government• Still a large debt to pay off
• James Madison- taxes
• Tariff of 1789
• 5% tax on all goods imported
• Shippers pay tax on exports as well
• Angers many Southerners
Financing the Government• Alexander Hamilton-taxes and borrow money from
investors
• Create national bank to pay off loans
• Problems:
• Government would be too close to wealthy investors
• No mention of national bank in Constitution
• Speculators buy bonds after the war at discounted prices
Nation Divided
Northerners own most bonds
Southerners are paying most of the taxes to pay off the debt
Compromise: Southerners agree to Hamilton’s plan in exchange for location of capital
Residency Act of 1790
Hamilton gets his way in exchange for location of capital (currently in NYC)
Washington chooses location
Pierre L'Enfant's designed capital city
John Adams will be the first President to live in the White House
White House- 1856
Balloon view- 1861
Whiskey Rebellion
• Tension b/t federal and regional interest
• Tariff of 1789• Tax imports; produces revenue and
encourages American production
• Hamilton wants excise tax on whiskey
• Most whiskey producers are small farmers
Whiskey Rebellion
• Backcountry farmers of PA refuse to pay tax
• Tar and feather tax collectors
• Washington must use force to show govt. will enforce law along Western frontier
• 15,000 militiamen called upon to put down rebellion
Whiskey Rebellion
• Militia puts down rebellion w/o losing a life
• Major result: Federal govt. is supreme in domestic affairs; will use military to enforce laws
Developing the Federal
Government
What topic is concerned in this quote and what is the position on the topic?
"The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge natural to party dissention, which in different ages & countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism. But this leads at length to a more formal and permanent despotism. The disorders & miseries, which result, gradually incline the minds of men to seek security & repose in the absolute power of an Individual: and sooner or later the chief of some prevailing faction more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this disposition to the purposes of his own elevation, on the ruins of Public Liberty.“
-George Washington
Development of Political Parties
• Disagreements will tear nation apart
• Each party will look to get revenge on the other
• Opposition should work together rather than against
• Hamilton v. Jefferson
Opinion
Has Austin done anything wrong?
Early Political PartiesAlexander Hamilton-Party name? Thomas Jefferson-Party name?
Strict or broad? Strict or broad?
Federal or State and local supreme? Federal or State and local supreme?
Type of rule feared? Type of rule feared?
Who would rule? Who would rule?
National Bank? National bank?
What type of economy? What type of economy?
Pay national debt only, or national and state debt?
Pay national debt only, or national and state debt?
What type of people would support this group?
What type of people would support this group?
Early Political PartiesAlexander Hamilton- Thomas Jefferson-
Early Political PartiesAlexander Hamilton-Federalists Thomas Jefferson-Democratic-Republicans
Loose (Broad) Constructionist Strict Constructionist
Stronger central government Shared power with state and local govts.; limited nat’l government
Fear of mob rule Fear of absolute rulers
Republic led by well-educated elite Democracy of farmers and tradespeople
Supports national bank National bank is not listed in Constitution; against it
Industrial (Shipping/manufacturing) economy Agrarian (Farming) economy
Payment of national and state debts (favors creditors)
Payment of only national debt (favors debtors)
Supporters: Merchants, manufacturers, landowners, lawyers, investors Supporters: Farmers, blacksmiths, etc.
Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
America and France-1789
• Most American’s support French revolution
• Similar ideals
• Jacobins take control and begin Reign of Terror, declare war on England
• What should we do?
Bipartisan Issues
• Democratic-Republicans: Support French, go to war
• Federalists: Support British
• Washington: Remain neutral
• Getting into a war won’t be good for the young nation
America and Spain-1794
• Goal of US: Secure land west of Appalachians, passage of Mississippi River
• Goal of Spain: Keep whatever we can
• Pinckney’s Treaty (San Lorenzo)
Pinckney’s Treaty
• Spain and U.S.
• Sign of good will b/t nations
• Opens Mississippi R. for trading goods out of New Orleans
• Western Farmers finally happy!
America and England-1794
• British still in Ohio, Indian, Illinois, Michigan• Violation of Treaty of Paris
• British encourage natives to resist American settlers
• Americans defeated twice before “Mad Anthony” Wayne is put in charge
Jay’s Treaty
• England and U.S.
• G.B. can intercept ships headed for France
• U.S. given “most-favored nation” status
• American goods priority in England
• Prevents war & supports economy
Replacing Washington
• Election of 1796• Federalists-John Adams
• Republicans-Thomas Jefferson
• Adams wins 71-68
• Problem
XYZ Affair
French mad about Jay’s Treaty
Seize ships & goods
Federalists want war
Adams sends negotiators
French demand bribes
Quasi-War
• 1798 Congress:• Suspends trade
• Orders capture of ships
• Convention of 1800• America gives up claims for
damages
• Allowed out of Treaty of Alliance (1778)
Alien and Sedition Acts
Passed by federalists1-3◦Immigrants can’t become
citizens for 14 yrs◦President can deport w/ out trial◦Deport anyone at war w/ the
U.S.
4◦Crime to publish false writings
against the govt
KY and VA Resolutions
• Written by Jefferson and Madison
• Argue: states create Constitution
• They can interpret Constitutionality
• Nullification Crisis-states can nullify any unconstitutional law
Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
America and France-1789
• Most American’s support French revolution
• Similar ideals
• Jacobins take control and begin Reign of Terror, declare war on England
• What should we do?
Bipartisan Issues
• Democratic-Republicans: Support French, go to war
• Federalists: Support British
• Washington: Remain neutral
• Getting into a war won’t be good for the young nation
America and Spain-1794
• Goal of US: Secure land west of Appalachians, passage of Mississippi River
• Goal of Spain: Keep whatever we can
• Pinckney’s Treaty (San Lorenzo)
Pinckney’s Treaty
• Spain and U.S.
• Sign of good will b/t nations
• Opens Mississippi R. for trading goods out of New Orleans
• Western Farmers finally happy!
America and England-1794
• British still in Ohio, Indian, Illinois, Michigan• Violation of Treaty of Paris
• British encourage natives to resist American settlers
• Americans defeated twice before “Mad Anthony” Wayne is put in charge
Jay’s Treaty
• England and U.S.
• G.B. can intercept ships headed for France
• U.S. given “most-favored nation” status
• American goods priority in England
• Prevents war & supports economy
Replacing Washington
• Election of 1796• Federalists-John Adams
• Republicans-Thomas Jefferson
• Adams wins 71-68
• Problem
XYZ Affair
French mad about Jay’s Treaty
Seize ships & goods
Federalists want war
Adams sends negotiators
French demand bribes
Quasi-War
• 1798 Congress:• Suspends trade
• Orders capture of ships
• Convention of 1800• America gives up claims for
damages
• Allowed out of Treaty of Alliance (1778)
Alien and Sedition Acts
Passed by federalists1-3◦Immigrants can’t become
citizens for 14 yrs◦President can deport w/ out trial◦Deport anyone at war w/ the
U.S.
4◦Crime to publish false writings
against the govt
KY and VA Resolutions
• Written by Jefferson and Madison
• Argue: states create Constitution
• They can interpret Constitutionality
• Nullification Crisis-states can nullify any unconstitutional law
War of 1812
Jefferson’s 2nd Term
• Jefferson gets re-elected
• French won’t allow British goods to come into Europe
• British blockade Europe to prevent goods going to France
• U.S. stuck in the middle
Jefferson’s 2nd Term
• British seize +1,000 ships in 1 year, France ~500
• Impressment leads to disliking British
• Chesapeake Incident
• Embargo Act of 1807• Hurts Am. economy most
Native Resistance
• Wm. Henry Harrison (IN) convinces natives to give away 3 million acres
• Not all tribes affected agreed to treaty
• Tecumseh (Shawnee) advocates uniting native groups
Tecumseh & The Prophet
• Tenskwatawa is little brother to Tecumseh
• Abandon all forms of white civilization• Farming, Christianity, alcohol
• Tecumseh negotiates help from British
• Travels throughout West trying to unite Natives
Battle of Tippecanoe
• Prophet leads attack on Harrison while Tecumseh is away
• Harrison suffers great losses but wins, burns down Prophetstown
• Natives were using weapons from British Canada
War Hawks
• Group of Southern congressmen• John C. Calhoun-SC
• Henry Clay-KY
• Want war with England now
• “On to Canada”
Election of 1808 & 1812
• James Madison wins
Invasion of Canada
• Jefferson’s small govt. backfires• Lack of troops
• No money
• 3 attacks on Canada fail
• Successfully defeat British fleet on Lake Erie
• Recapture Detroit
Fighting Continues
• French empire collapses, British send troops to America
• British seize Washington D.C.
• Burn White House and Capitol
• Americans defeat British in NY
Ending the War
• Andrew Jackson-TN
• Battle of Horseshoe Bend• Ends native resistance in the South
• Battle of New Orleans• Happens after the war ends
• Jackson becomes a hero, Federalists lose credibility
Treaty of Ghent
• December 1814
• Restores prewar boundaries• No mention of impressment/trading rights
• Sets timeline for cooperation
• People in the U.S. identifying more by state than nation