a new national identity (1812–1840)

CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM

HOLT

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

Beginnings to 1914

A NEW NATIONAL IDENTITYA NEW NATIONAL IDENTITY(1812–1840)(1812–1840)Section 1:Section 1: The Rise of Nationalism The Rise of Nationalism

Section 2:Section 2: Expansion and Improvements Expansion and Improvements

Section 3:Section 3: The Age of Jackson The Age of Jackson

Section 4:Section 4: Indian Removal Indian Removal

Section 5:Section 5: American Culture American Culture

Chapter 12


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did the United States settle its land How did the United States settle its land

disputes with Great Britain and Spain?disputes with Great Britain and Spain? Why did President Monroe issue the Monroe Why did President Monroe issue the Monroe

Doctrine, and what were its most important Doctrine, and what were its most important points?points?

Section 1: Section 1: The Rise of NationalismThe Rise of Nationalism


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

Treaties Settling Disputes between the Treaties Settling Disputes between the United States, Great Britain and SpainUnited States, Great Britain and Spain Rush-Bagot AgreementRush-Bagot Agreement (1817) – limited naval (1817) – limited naval

power (Great Britain)power (Great Britain) Convention of 1818Convention of 1818 – settled fishing rights and – settled fishing rights and

established a border (Great Britain)established a border (Great Britain) Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 – Spain gave up all of – Spain gave up all of

Florida to the United StatesFlorida to the United States Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine (1823) (Europe, Central and South (1823) (Europe, Central and South

America)America)



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Beginnings to 1914

Why Monroe Issued the Why Monroe Issued the Monroe DoctrineMonroe DoctrineMonroe issued the Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine because he because he feared that Latin American independence would feared that Latin American independence would encourage European powers to take control on encourage European powers to take control on the newly independent countries.the newly independent countries.


Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine – President James Monroe’s statement – President James Monroe’s statement forbidding further colonization in the Americas and forbidding further colonization in the Americas and declaring that the United States would view any attempt declaring that the United States would view any attempt by a foreign country to colonize as a hostile actby a foreign country to colonize as a hostile act


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

SECTION 1

The Rise of NationalismThe Rise of Nationalism

Question:How did the United States settle its land disputes with Great Britain and Spain?


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

SECTION 1

The Rise of NationalismThe Rise of Nationalism

Compromise with Great Britain

Rush-Bagot Agreement Terms:

• limited naval power on the Great Lakes

• gave the United States fishing rights off parts of Newfoundland and Labrador coasts

• established a border between the United States and Canada at the 49th parallel, as far west as the Rockies

• agreed to joint occupation of the Pacific Northwest

Convention of 1818 Terms:

Compromise with Spain

Adams-Onis Treaty Terms:

• Spain gave Florida to the United States.

• The United States gave up claims to present-day Texas.

• United States took responsibility for up to $5 million of United States citizens’ claims against Spain.


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What issues was the Missouri Compromise What issues was the Missouri Compromise

supposed to address?supposed to address? How did improvements in transportation How did improvements in transportation

affect the United States?affect the United States? Why was the 1824 presidential election Why was the 1824 presidential election

controversial?controversial?

Section 2: Section 2: Expansion and ImprovementsExpansion and Improvements


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

The The Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromiseaddressed two issues:addressed two issues: the expansion of slaverythe expansion of slavery the balance of free and slave statesthe balance of free and slave states



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Beginnings to 1914

Transportation ImprovementsTransportation Improvements united the countryunited the country aided trade and economyaided trade and economy



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Beginnings to 1914

Election of 1824Election of 1824The election of 1824 was controversial because The election of 1824 was controversial because Adams was accused of making a Adams was accused of making a corrupt corrupt bargain bargain with Clay.with Clay.



HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

SECTION 2

Expansion and ImprovementsExpansion and Improvements

Question:How did improvements in transportation affect the United States?


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

SECTION 2

Expansion and ImprovementsExpansion and Improvements

Roads

Affect on the United States

Overall results of improvements in transportation

connected the East coast to the interior United States

Improvements Examples

Cumberland Road turnpikes

Canals Erie Canal provided faster and cheaper routes for goods to market

Both resulted in connecting regions of the United States.


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How was Jacksonian Democracy a sign of How was Jacksonian Democracy a sign of

change in American politics?change in American politics? How did tariff disputes lead to the nullification How did tariff disputes lead to the nullification

crisis, and how did President Jackson respond?crisis, and how did President Jackson respond? Why was President Jackson against a national Why was President Jackson against a national

bank, and how did his opposition affect the bank, and how did his opposition affect the economy?economy?

Section 3: Section 3: The Age of JacksonThe Age of Jackson


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Beginnings to 1914

Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian Democracy expanded voting rightsexpanded voting rights nominating conventionsnominating conventions


Nominating conventionsNominating conventions – – public meetings to select the public meetings to select the party’s presidential and vice presidential candidatesparty’s presidential and vice presidential candidates


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis Northern manufacturers wanted high tariffs Northern manufacturers wanted high tariffs

and the southern farmers wanted low tariffs and the southern farmers wanted low tariffs leading to the leading to the nullification crisisnullification crisis. .

The crisis was resolved by a congressional The crisis was resolved by a congressional compromise to lower tariffs gradually.compromise to lower tariffs gradually.



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Beginnings to 1914

Jackson’s Position on a National BankJackson’s Position on a National Bank Jackson opposed the power of a national Jackson opposed the power of a national

bank.bank. His opposition effected the economy by His opposition effected the economy by

leading to inflation.leading to inflation.



HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

Regional Issues – 30 years BEFORE the Regional Issues – 30 years BEFORE the Civil War.Civil War. TariffsTariffs Federal vs State - Nullification crisis – Federal vs State - Nullification crisis –

““states’ rightsstates’ rights”” Federal vs State – 2Federal vs State – 2ndnd National Bank National Bank Federal Law superior to State Law Federal Law superior to State Law

(McCulloch v Maryland)(McCulloch v Maryland)



HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

SECTION 3

The Age of JacksonThe Age of Jackson

Question:How did tariff disputes lead to the nullification crisis and how did President Jackson respond?


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

SECTION 3

The Age of JacksonThe Age of Jackson

STEPS LEADING TO THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS

Southern states asserted their right to nullify protective tariffs, which they argued hurt their economy.

Jackson condemned nullification.

Jackson threatened to send federal troops to South Carolina to enforce federal laws.


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Why did the federal and state governments Why did the federal and state governments

begin an American Indian removal policy?begin an American Indian removal policy? How did American Indians such as the How did American Indians such as the

Cherokee resist removal?Cherokee resist removal? How were American Indians affected by the How were American Indians affected by the

removal from their lands?removal from their lands?

Section 4: Section 4: Indian RemovalIndian Removal


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

Indian Removal ActIndian Removal ActTo end Indian conflicts and to open a southern To end Indian conflicts and to open a southern settlement, Congress passed the settlement, Congress passed the Indian Removal Indian Removal ActAct in 1830 which authorized the removal of in 1830 which authorized the removal of Indians east of the Mississippi River.Indians east of the Mississippi River.



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Beginnings to 1914

Cherokees resisted removal by:Cherokees resisted removal by: adopting white cultureadopting white culture creating a government based on the U.S.creating a government based on the U.S. suing the state of Georgiasuing the state of Georgia



HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

The Indian ResponseThe Indian ResponseThe Indians met removal with armed resistance The Indians met removal with armed resistance leading to many Indian deaths.leading to many Indian deaths.



HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

SECTION 4

Indian RemovalIndian Removal

Question:Why did federal and state governments begin an American Indian removal policy?


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

SECTION 4

Indian RemovalIndian Removal

Reasons for American Indian Removal Policy

to end disputes between American

Indians and settlers

to open up American Indian

land to settlers for farming

Gold was discovered

Seminole were harboring slaves and raiding towns


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Who were the favorite writers of the early Who were the favorite writers of the early

1800’s, and what did they write about?1800’s, and what did they write about? What was the focus of the Hudson River What was the focus of the Hudson River

school?school?

Section 5: Section 5: American CultureAmerican Culture


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Beginnings to 1914

Writers of the 1800’s and Their SubjectsWriters of the 1800’s and Their Subjects William Wirt – biographies of Revolutionary William Wirt – biographies of Revolutionary

heroesheroes Washington Irving – American history using satireWashington Irving – American history using satire James Fenimore Cooper – novels and historical James Fenimore Cooper – novels and historical

fictionfiction Catharine Maria Sedgwick – historical fiction and Catharine Maria Sedgwick – historical fiction and

novelsnovels



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Beginnings to 1914

Hudson River SchoolHudson River SchoolThe The Hudson River schoolHudson River school focused on artists focused on artists painting landscapes that depicted the beauty of painting landscapes that depicted the beauty of nature.nature.



HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

SECTION 5

American CultureAmerican Culture

Question:What topics did favorite writers of the early 1800s write about?


HOLT


Beginnings to 1914

SECTION 5

American CultureAmerican Culture

Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, Catharine Maria Sedgwick

Writers Subjects

American Revolution, settlement, and the landscape

FAVORITE AMERICAN WRITERS OF THE EARLY 1800s

a new national identity (1812–1840)

Documents