a new perspective for coral health assessment from the tool box to the tool kit
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A New Perspective for Coral Health Assessment From the Tool Box to the Tool Kit. Cheryl M. Woodley NOAA NOS NCCOS Charleston, SC. Craig A. Downs EnVirtue Biotechnologies, Inc Winchester, VA. Overview. Environmental Cellular Diagnostics What is it? How does it work? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
A New Perspective for
Coral Health Assessment
From the Tool Box to the Tool Kit
Cheryl M. Woodley
NOAA NOS NCCOSCharleston, SC
Craig A. Downs
EnVirtue Biotechnologies, Inc
Winchester, VA
Overview
• Environmental Cellular Diagnostics– What is it?– How does it work?
• Cellular Diagnostics and coral– Coral Bleaching– Coral Health Global vs Local
• Emerging Technologies for Managers
Current monitoring methods ignore important links in the biological hierarchy
Ecosystem InferCommunities Monitor
Populations MonitorIndividuals
OrgansTissues
Cells & Molecules
Stress
Need for New Methodologies
• Traditional methods detect disturbance only after the community has been altered.
• More sensitive techniques needed to detect stress before levels are high enough to degrade community.
Need for New Methodologies
• Risk (1999) specifically addressed need for integration of monitoring with research designed to identify stressors and determine causality.
Environmental Cellular Diagnostic System(patent-pending)
Metal stress
Oxidative
stress
Fu
el s
tres
s
CYP P450
Metallothionein
Cu/Zn SODCu/Zn SOD
Genomic Integrity•DNA Adducts•Abasic sites•Micronuclei
Cellular Integrity•LPO, HNE
•Ferrochelatase•Glutathione•Ubiquitin•Hsp 60, 70
Oxidative Stress•Superoxide Dismutases•Catalase•Protein carbonyl•sHsps
Toxic Stress•P450s
•Metallothioneins•P glycoproteins, MDR
Immune C
ompetence
Cellular Bioindicators
Goal:
• To determine health condition
• To determine susceptibility
• To identify stressor
• To predict outcomes (prognosis)
… with information from the cell
Coral Bleaching
Sampling Locations
6mEast Bache Shoal8
6 mAlina’s reef7
6 mAlgae reef6
6 mWhite Bank5
18 mSW Molasses4
10 mBetween Molasses and Pickels
3
6 mSW Three Sisters2
3 mRodriguez Key1
DepthSite Name
Map by Mike Callahan
Significant Regressors
• March water temperature (R2 = 0.37,
P < 0.002).
• NOAA currently uses water temperature to predict coral bleaching hot spots.
A Better Regressor: Chloroplast Small Heat Shock Protein
chlpsHsp concentration in MarchPg chlpsHsp/g total protein
Pro
bab
ility
of
cora
l con
dit
ion
in S
epte
mb
er
X2 = 13.4, P < 0.0005R2 = 0.45
0.30
0.96
Environmental Cellular Diagnostic System
Emerging Technologies for Managers
The Tool Kit….
Does human activity Does human activity contribute to mass coral contribute to mass coral
bleaching?bleaching?• Prevalent notion is that bleaching is not not
manageablemanageable
• Assumption has not been demonstrated
• Negligence in managing coral reef resources
Could agricultural activity affect coral bleaching?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Control MV 1ppb
Methyl Viologen
Chlorophyll a
Could recreational activity and/or residential
development affect coral bleaching?
Anti-Foulant Paints
• Irgarol 1051 approved by U.S. EPA in 1998
• Levels of Irgarol 1051 in water column as high as 600-800 ppb in many places in the Florida Keys and Bermuda
• 10 ppb Irgarol can drop coral photosynthesis by 60% in 8 hours
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
ng
/ug
TS
P
Control 8 hr Irgarol 8 hr Control 24 hr Irgarol 24 hr
Catalase
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
ng
/ug
TS
P
Control 8 hr Irgarol 8 hr Control 24 hr Irgarol 24 hr
Ferrochelatase
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
ng/u
g TS
P
Control 8 hr Irgarol 8 hr Control 24 hr Irgarol 24 hr
Multi-Drug Resistance Protein
Could watershed development and
management affect coral bleaching?
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
ng
/ug
TS
P
36 ppt 32 ppt 28 ppt 24 ppt 20 ppt
Salinity
Carbonyl
Environmental Cellular Diagnostics as a resource
management and regulatory instrument
• Determine if a chemical or activity might exacerbate coral bleaching - prevention
• Identify reefs that are at risk• Better manage coral reef resources
Acknowledgements
• U.S. NOAA• Florida Keys NMS• NPS (Biscayne)• Flower Gardens
NMS• U.S. Geological
Survey• Aust. Instit. Mar.
Sci
• Environmental Moorings Intl.
• Oxis Research, Inc.
• College of Charleston
• Univ. S. Florida• Medical Univ. S.
Carolina
• The Cousteau Society
• Mote Marine Laboratory
• IIDEXO• Bermuda Biol.
Station