a new species and three taxonomic changes in piper
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© 2011 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland
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Blumea56,2011:235–239www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651911X607338RESEARCH ARTICLE
INTRODUCTION
Piper L. is the largest genus in the family Piperaceae with overathousandspecies(Mabberley2008).Membersofthefamily occur throughout the tropics of both hemispheres, with majorconcentrationsoccurringinLatinAmericaandinMalay-sia(Yuncker1958).Thegenuscaneasilyberecognizedongrossmorphologicalcharacters,butthespeciesaredifficulttoidentify.Theflowersareminuteanddenselysetontherachis,theperianthsareabsentandthestamensvaryinnumber.Thefruits and infructescence are of high importance for species identification.
In preparation of the treatment of Piperaceae for the Flora of Thailand(OfficeofForestHerbarium2010),onenewspeciesof Piper, P. chiangdaoense, isheredescribed.TworecentlydescribedThaispeciesarereducedtosynonymyandavarietyisraisedtospecificrank.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES
1. Piperchiangdaoense Suwanp.&Chantar.,sp. nov. —Fig.1–3
Affinis Piper lonchites sed foliis cordatis subtus velutinis, inflorescentiis et infructescencetiisbrevioribus,fructibusminoribusdiffert.—Typus:T. Smitinand, M.E.D. Poore & R.G. Robbins 7806 (holoBKF; isoE),Thailand,ChiangMai,DoiChiangdaoWildlifeSanctuary, 10Nov.1962.
Woodyclimber,dioecious,nodesswollenwithclimbingroots,terminalshootvelutinous. Leaves with petiole 1–1.5cmlong,velutinous; stipules hood-like, lanceolate, caducous; laminasubcoriaceous,broadlyovate,asymmetric,2.5–3.5by3.5–4.5cm, base cordate or rarely oblique or rounded, apex acute or rarely rounded, margin undulate, upper surface puberulous, lower surface velutinous; venation pinnatewith 3 pairs ofveins frombasal thirdofmidrib. Inflorescence a terminal or leaf-opposed catkin, pendulous, cylindric, yellowish green;rachishairy,withdense flowers; floralbractglabrouswitha c.0.05mmlongstalk,bract-headpeltate,c.0.1mmdiammar-ginentire.Male inflorescence3–4by0.1–0.2cm;peduncle
1–1.5cmlong,pilose.Male flower:stamens4–6;filamentveryshortandbasallyswollen;anther2-valvedandslightlyexsertedatanthesis,c.0.08mmdiam,dehiscencelateral. Female inflorescence 2–4by0.1–0.2cm;peduncle1–2cmlong. Female flower :ovary±elliptic,stigmastar-shaped,3–5-lobed,1–1.5mmdiam,hairy.Infructescence3–5by0.8–1cm,pendulous,cylindric;peduncle1–2cmlong.Fruitfree, sessile, ± elliptic, 2–3by1–2mm,denseorwell-spacedonrachis,baserounded,apexacutewithpersistentstigmaandfloralbract. Distribution— NorthernThailand (DoiChiangdao,Chiang-mai). Habitat&Ecology— Lowermontaneforest,at1500–2175m altitude. Phenology—Flowering:May;fruiting:June.
Note — Piper chiangdaoense is similar to P. lonchitesSchult.but differs in having a cordate leaf which is velutinous on the lower surface, a shorter inflorescence and a smaller infruct-escenceandfruits.ThedifferencesincharacterareshowninTable1.
2. Pipertrichostigma(Chaveer.&Sudmoon)Suwanp.& Chantar.,comb. & stat. nov.—Fig.1
Piper thomsonii (C.DC.)Hook.f. var. trichostigmaChaveer.&Sudmoon,ActaPhytotax.Geobot.(2007)35.—Type:A. Chaveerach 49(holoBK),Thailand,MaeHongSon,MaeSariang;C. Suwanphakdee 259(epitypeBK,BKF,KKU,QBG,hereselected),Thailand,Phetchaburi,KaengKrachanNationalPark,26Dec.2008.
A new species and three taxonomic changes inPiper (Piperaceae) from Thailand
C.Suwanphakdee1,P.Chantaranothai1
1 AppliedTaxonomicResearchCenter,DepartmentofBiology,FacultyofScience,KhonKaenUniversity,KhonKaen40002,Thailand;
e-mail:[email protected]. correspondingauthore-mail:[email protected].
Key words
PiperPiper chiangdaoensePiper trichostigmasynonymThailand
Abstract A new species, Piper chiangdaoense fromDoiChiangdaoWildlifeSanctuary,ChiangMaiprovince,Thailand,isdescribedandillustrated.Piper trichostigmaisraisedtospecificstatusandanepitypeisselected.Piper maculaphyllum and P. rubroglandulosum are reduced to the synonymy of P. argyrites and P. betle,respectively.Alecto- type for P. argyritesisselected.
Published on13October2011
Character P. lonchites P. chiangdaoense
Terminalshoot glabrousorpuberulous velutinous
Lower leaf surface glabrous, puberulous or velutinous pilose
Leaf base oblique, cuneate, cordate or cordate rarely truncate oblique
Leaf shape elliptic, elliptic-oblong or broadly ovate ovate
Maleinflorescence 2–9cmlong 3–4cmlong
Femaleinflorescence 3–7cmlong 2–4cmlong
Peduncle glabrous pilose or velutinous
Infructescence 3–15cmlong 3–5cmlong
Fruit 4–5by3–4mm 2–3by1–2mm
Table 1ComparisonofsomecharactersofP. lonchites and P. chiangdaoense.
236 Blumea–Volume56/3,2011
Fig. 1a–c:Piper chiangdaoenseSuwanp.&Chantar.a.Planthabit;b.portionofmaleinflorescence;c.infructescence.—d–f:Piper trichostigma(Chaveer.&Sudmoon)Suwanp.&Chantar.:d.maleinflorescences;e.floralbractsandstamens;f.infructescences.
c
b
d
a
e f
237C.Suwanphakdee&P.Chantaranothai:AnewspeciesfromPiper
Fig. 2TypespecimenofPiper chiangdaoenseSuwanp.&Chantar.(T. Smitinand et al. 7806,BKF).
238 Blumea–Volume56/3,2011
Character P. thomsonii P. trichostigma
Leaves subcoriaceous chartaceous
Maleinflorescence 2.3–5cmlong 4–10cmlong
Floral bract peltate or rounded rounded
Fruit connatec.3/4 free
Fruit apex acute retuse
Maturefruit darkpurpleorblack orange
Infructescence shorter than peduncle longer than peduncle
Infructescencesize 5–10by5–12mm 2–6by0.5–1cm
Infructescence shape subglobose long cylindrical
Driedleaf black brown
Table 2Comparison of some characters ofP. thomsonii and P. trichostigma.
Distribution— Thailand:Northern:ChiangMai,ChiangRai, Nan,Payao,Phrae,Tak;Central:NakhonNayok;South-western: Kanchanaburi,Phetchaburi;Peninsular:Chumphon,Phangnga. Habit&Ecology— In evergreen forest by stream or water-fall. Phenology — Flowering:March–April;fruiting:March–May.
Note — Because of the magnitude of the differences be-tween this and P. thomsonii, someofwhicharelistedinTable2, we raise P. thomsoniivar.trichostigmatospecificrank.Ingeneral the best characteristic for delimitation of the species is the infructescence but the type of P. trichostigma only contains ayounginflorescenceandnoinfructescence.Therefore,weselect C. Suwanphakdee 259 as epitype because it has mature infructescences.
Fig. 3 Piper chiangdaoenseSuwanp.&Chantar.a.Branchwithinfructescences;b.maleinflorescence;c.portionofmaleinflorescence;d.stamen;e,f.floralbract(topandsideviews);g.fruit;h.ovarywithstigma(a:T. Smitinand et al. 7806(BKF);b–f:S. Watthana 1266(QBG)).—DrawnbyOrathaiKerdkaew.
c b
d
a
g
h
e
f
239C.Suwanphakdee&P.Chantaranothai:AnewspeciesfromPiper
3. Piperargyrites Ridl.
Piper argyrites Ridl. (1912)25.—Type: Ridley 8176(lectoSING;isolectoG-DC,hereselected),Malaysia,Selangor,GuaBatucave,Dec.1920.
Piper maculaphyllumChaveer.&Sudmoon(2008)120.—Type:A. Chaveerach 126 (holoBK;isoBKF),Thailand,Phuket,KhaoPhraThaeoWildlifeConservationDevelopmentandExtensionCenter,syn.nov.
Distribution—Malaysia,Singapore,Thailand(South-eastern andPeninsular). Habitat&Ecology—Growingnearstream,alongstreamorevergreenhillforest. Phenology—Floweringandfruiting:October–December.
Note—OfthetwospecimenscitedbyRidley(1912)wewereunabletofindRidley 7611inK,G-DCorSING,andwechooseRidley 8176 as lectotype for Piper argyrites.Chaveerachetal.(2008)indicatedthatthetypespecimensofP. maculaphyllum weredepositedinBKandBKF.However,wewereunabletofind these specimensand, fromdiscussionwith staff inBKandBKF,weunderstandthattheywerenotactuallydepositedin theseherbaria.Wehaveexamined the linedrawinganddescription of P. maculaphyllum and found that features of leaves, inflorescence, floral bract, stamens and especially fruits and infructescence match with P. argyrites.Therefore, P. maculaphyllum is reduced to synonymy under P. argyrites.ThisspeciesiswidelydistributedinSouth-easternandPenin-sularThailand.
4. Piperbetle L.
Piper betle L.(1753)28.—Type:Herb.Hermann3:32;4:9,No.27(lectoBM,selectedbyHuber1987),India.
Piper rubroglandulosumChaveer.&Mokkamul(Chaveerachetal.2008)142,(Chaveerachetal.2010)175.—Type:Chaveerach 314(holoBK?;isoBKF?),Thailand,SuratThani,KlongPanomNationalPark,syn.nov.
Distribution—India, Sri Lanka,China,Myanmar, Laos,Vietnam,Cambodia,Malaysia,Singapore,Thailand(Northern,South-eastern,Peninsular),Philippines,Indonesia,PapuaNewGuinea. Habitat&Ecology—Inevergreenforestnearstream,fruitplantation,disturbedarea. Phenology—Flowering:March–June;fruiting:May–July.
Note — Again, as with P. argyrites,wewereunabletofindthe type of P. rubroglandulosumatBKandBKFasindicatedbyChaveerachetal.(2008).Wehavecarefullyexaminedthedescription, line drawing and photographs of P. rubroglandulosum and found that it is a wild form of P. betle.Therefore, P. rubroglandulosum is reduced to synonymy of P. betle.Fe-male plants of P. betlearecultivatedthroughoutThailand,butthe wild form of both female and male plants can be found in natureonlyinsouth-easternandsouthernregions.
AcknowledgementsWewouldliketothankcuratorsandstaffofthefol-lowingherbaria:BK,BKF,DMSC,G,G-DC,K,KKU,PSU,QBGandSINGforpermissiontostudythespecimensanddocuments.WethankOrathaiKerdkaew(BKF)forthelinedrawing,DrPiyakasetSuksathan(QBG),ManopPoopath for photos of P. chiangdaoenseandDrD.A.Simpson(K)fortheLatindiagnosisandvaluablesuggestions.ThisprojectisfinanciallysupportedbyGraduateSchool,KhonKaenUniversity.
REFERENCES
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ChaveerachA,SudmoonR,TaneeT,MokkamulP.2010.Notes onPiperrubroglandulosum (Piperaceae) inThailand.Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica60,3:175–177.
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IDENTIFICATION LIST
Adisai48:6–Anderson5258:2.Bloembergen619:6–Bunwong199:4.Chamchamroonet al. 1484: 6 –Chaveerach49: 6 (type) –Chayamarit1326:6.
Geesink&T.Santisuk5195:6–Geesinketal.5703:6;6715:1;6878:4.Hooker&Thomson181:5(type).Kerr 4741: 4; 5654: 4; 5759: 4; 6221: 4; 8451: 4; 11806: 2; 12207: 2;13793:2–Kontaetal.4751:4–Kostermans351:6;351a:6–KoyamaT-61908:4;T-61136:4–Koyama&C.PhengklaiT-49903:4–Koyamaetal.T-31828:4.
Larsen&S.S.Larsen33211:2;33927:4–Larsenetal.3053:6;43153:6;46521:4.
Maxwell88-693:4;88-987:4;89-428:6;93-841:4;93-1115:4;95-53:4;95-498:6;95-841:4;95-1215:4;96-849:4; 99-70:4–Middletonetal.1644:6–Mitsutaetal.T-43155:4.NagamasuT-50068:4–Nakkan2:4–Nanakornetal.2597:4;4722:4;9175:4.
Palee253:4–Phengklai1272:1;7075:4;7477:4–Phengklaietal.2940:6;4107:4–Pongamornkul1910:4–Pooma621:4–Put1034:2;3394:4.
Ridley8176:1(type).Sangkhachand1450:6–Santisuk1065:4–Santisuk&E.Warncke2554:6–ShimizuT-10048:4–Shimizuetal.T-10948:3;T-23682:4–Smitinand5471:4;6007:6;7806:4;11544:4–Smitinandetal.7806:3(type)–Sri-sanga1699:6–Srisanga&C.Maknoi2188:4–Suvarnakoses1155:6;2173:2–Suwanphakdee4:6;13:2;31:6;44:2;59:4;66:4;68:2;79:4;84:4; 91:4;94:6;97:4;103:2;123:6;129:6;130:6;131:4;132:2;145:4;152:6;157:4;158:4;163:6;164:4;165:6;167:1;170:2;172/1:1;173:4;245:1;246:1;247:1;254:4;259:6(epitype);260:4;268:2;274:6;276:4;286:1;290:4;292:4;293:6;311:4;313:2;314:2;317:1.
Tagawaetal.T-1536:4;T-9158:4–TakahashiT-63531:4–Tanaka8146:4.VanBeusekom&C.Phengklai 136: 6; 250: 6; 1359: 3; 2444: 4 –VanBeusekom&T.Smitinand2151:4–VanBeusekometal.4516:4–VandeBult621:6–Vidaletal.6181:4.
Watthana1266:3;2428:4–Watthanaetal.605:4–Williamsetal.1108:4;1221:6.
Piper1 = argyrites2 = betle3 = chiangdaoense
4 = lonchites5 = thomsonii6 = trichostigma