a new step in cluster policy evaluation in the basque country (eng) / un nuevo paso en la...

8/2/2019 A new step in cluster policy evaluation in the Basque Country (Eng) / Un nuevo paso en la evaluacin de la poltica

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Hraxpaeo Oroge) Kora Ljxd Oroegtrde) Hraxpaeo Aptrraj|) Karde Iorrdo q Croehaxhj Ljx Jiorpd

Hraxpaeo Oroge) DXPD+Teasdrxap jc @dtxpjhorogjeNt`+xx%`dtxpj%dx

Kora Ljxd Oroegtrde) Jrfdxpro+Boxqtd Aexpaptpd jc Hjk~dpapasdedxxkloroegNjrfdxpro%`dtxpj%dx

Hraxpaeo Aptrraj|) DXPD+Teasdrxap jc @dxtpjaptrraj|Nt`+xx%`dtxpj%dx

Karde Iorrdo) Jrfdxpro+Boxqtd Aexpaptpd jc Hjk~dpapasdedxxiorrdoNjrfdxpro%`dtxpj%dx

Croehaxhj Ljx Jiorpd) DXPD+Teasdrxap jc @dtxpjcljiorpdNt`+xx%`dtxpj%dx

O EDW XPD^ AE HITXPDR ^JIAHQDSOITOPAJE AE PMD BOX_TD HJTEPRQ

Jrfdxpro Wjrfaeg ô~dr Xdradxae Pdrrapjraoi Hjk~dpapasdedxx

Etkbdr 2>>1+>? -DE!

AXXE ?1=1+?2==

Fdwjr`x>=!% Pmd orpahid `dsdij~x oedw o~~rjohm pj pmd dsoitopaje jc pmd hitxpdr ~jiah ae pmd Boxqtd Hjtepr% Pmax wo ap hjeprabtpdx pj pmd iapdroptrd jedsoitopaje wapm o edw d}~dradehd jc `dcaeapaje jc hjeprji grjt~x oe` pj iapdroptrd je hitxpdrx wapm pwj hoxd xptàdxboxd` je pmd Boxqtd d}~dradehd%

Op pmd bdgaeeaeg jc pmd eaedpadx pmd Boxqtd Gjsdrekdep ak~idkdepd` o hitxpdr ~jiah boxd` je pmd oeoixax b ^jrpdr-?11>!% Pmdrd ord ejwoòx didsde hitxpdr oxxjhaopajex xt~~jrpd` b xthm ~jiah oe` pmdar dsoitopaje mox bdhjkd ofd axxtd pj `dpdrkaed pmd d}pdep pj wmahm pmax ~jiah ax bdaeg dccahadep oe` mjw ap xmjti` dsjisd ae pmd ctptrd%

Pmd orpahid xtkkora|dx sorajtx dsoitopaje ~rjhdxxdx `dsdij~d` t~ pj ejw txaeg àccdrdep pmdjrdpahoi o~~rjohmdx%Jed jc pmd koae wdofedxxdx `dpdhpd` ax pmd obxdehd jc hjk~oropasd xptàdx jc xt~~jrpd` oe` eje xt~~jrpd` carkx%

Hjexdqtdepi) oe dk~arahoi xpt` ax `dsdij~d` pj jsdrhjkd pmax go~% Ocpdr o hrapahoi oeoixax jc pmd hjehitxajex) pmdotpmjrx ~rj~jxd ~orpaha~opjr dsoitopaje ox pmd ed}p xpd~ ae jr`dr pj ak~rjsd pmd dsoitopaje ~rjhdxx%

TE ETDSJ ÔXJ DE IO DSOITOHAE @D IO ^JIPAHO HIXPDR DE DIÔX SOXHJ

-Mj de ò io dsoitohae dxp hjexa`droò hjkj tej `d ijx didkdepjx hiosd de io iapdroptro xjbrd hixpdrdx -Xisdii)2>>=!% Dxpd orphtij `dxorrjiio te etdsj decjqtd ~oro io dsoitohae `d io ~jipaho hixpdr de di ôx Soxhj)hjeprabtde`j o io iapdroptro xjbrd dsoitohae hje teo etdso d}~dradehao `d `dcaeahae `d grt~jx `d hjeprji o ioiapdroptro xjbrd hixpdrdx hje `jx dxptàjx `d hoxj boxo`jx de io d}~dradehao soxho%

O ~raeha~ajx `d io `hoò `d ijx ejsdepo) di gjbadrej soxhj ak~ioep teo ~jipaho hixpdr boxoò de di oeiaxax `d^jrpdr -?11>!% Ohptoikdepd d}axpde jehd oxjhaohajedx hixpdr o~joòx ~jr àhmo ~jipaho xt dsoitohae xd mohjesdrpa`j de te didkdepj hiosd ~oro `dpdrkaeor di gro`j `d dcahadehao `d io ~jipaho hixpdr hkj `dbdro`dxorrjiiorxd de te ctptrj%

Di orphtij rdxtkd ijx àcdrdepdx ~rjhdxjx `d dsoitohae qtd moe xa`j `dxorrjiio`jx moxpo omjro) txoe`j àxpaepjxdecjqtdx pdrahjx% Teo `d iox ~raeha~oidx `dbaiaò`dx `dpdhpoòx dx io otxdehao `d dxptàjx hjk~oropasjx xjbrddk~rdxox o~joòx ej o~joòx ~jr ij qtd xd `dxorrjiio te dxptàj dk~rahj ~oro xjithajeor dxpo brdhmo% Prox teoeiaxax hrpahj `d iox hjehitxajedx) ijx otpjrdx ~rj~jede io dsoitohae ~orpaha~opaso hjkj di xagtadepd ~oxj ~orokdljror di ~rjhdxj `d dsoitohae%

BDXPD TRROPX BOP DODe FITXPDR ^JIAPAFO DBOITOP\DFJ BA@DOE

Gotr dgte) fitxpdrrda btrt|fj iapdroptroe dboito|ajo ò didkdept gofjdpofj bop -Xisdii) 2>>=!% Orpaftit mjedpoeDtxfoi Otpjejkao Drfa`dgjfj fitxpdr ~jiapafo dboitop|dfj aftx~dga bdrrao ~rj~jxop|de ò% Mjrrdio) dboito|ajordeiapdroptrora fjeprji poi`dof `dcaeap|dfj dx~dradep|ao bdrrao dxfoaep|de |oaj dpo fitxpdrrde aegtrtfj iapdroptrora DODfjdx~dradep|aoe jaeorraptpofj ba foxtrde o|pdrfdpo%

Iotrjgdapo mokorrdfj mokorfoòrde moxadroe) Dtxfj Lotriorap|of fitxpdr ~jiapafo lorra |tde obaoe) ^jrpdrrde o|pdrfdpojaeorra morptpo -?11>!% Gotr dgte) ~jiapafo mjrrdf ?? fitxpdr diforpd iogtep|de àpt dpo morde dboito|ajo didkdeptgofjo ò fitxpdr ~jiapaforde dca|adep|ao koaio lofapdfj dpo dpjrfa|tedrofj ai`jof caefop|dfj%

Orpaftitof jroae orpd dgaeòfj dboito|aj ~rj|dxtof iobtrp|de àpt) moaebop aftx~dga pdjrafjpopaf je`jraj|popt àrdeof% Otrfaptpofj omtipoxte eogtxadpofj bop ò fitxpdr ~jiapafof iogte`tpofj de~rdxde dpo fitxpdr ~jiapaforde iogtep|orafgobdfj de~rdxde baiofodroe o|pdrfdpo fje~oropabjraf d| ògjdio% Mjrrdgopaf) ioe mjedpoe porpd mjrra arpdeba`dodkopdfj o|pdrioe de~arafjo dgae ò% Je`jrajde o|pdrfdpo frapafjorde jxpdoe) dgaiddf dboito|aj ~orpd+morp|oaido~rj~jxop|de `tpd) dboito|aj ~rj|dxto mjbdp|dfj mtrrdegj trropxo dgapdfj%


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Kjrd x~dhacahoii) ap oeoi|dx wmop mox bdde `jed ae pmd cadi` jc dsoitopaje jc

pmd hitxpdr ~jiah ae pmd Boxqtd Hjtepr t~ pj ejw pj pofd o xpd~ ctrpmdr b pmd

hjk~oraxje jc oxxaxpd` oe` eje oxxaxpd` carkx% Pmax wo pmd orpahid hjeprabtpdx

pj pmd iapdroptrd je hitxpdr dsoitopaje o`àeg jed kjrd hoxd xpt` rdiopd` pj

hitxpdr jrgoea|opajex oe` x~dhacahoii `dsdij~aeg o kdpmj`jijg pj aeprj`thd

hjeprji ae pmd dsoitopaje ~rjhdxx -Xisdii) 2>>=!%

Dsoitopaje ~rjhdxxdx `dsdij~d` t~ pj ejw cjr pmd hitxpdr ~jiah jc pmd Boxqtd

Hjtepr ord ~rdxdepd` ae Xdhpaje 2% Xdhpaje 8 cjhtxdx je kdpmj`jijgahoi

ox~dhpx oe` ax àsa`d` ae pmrdd xtbxdhpajex% Pmd carxp jed xmjwx pmd koae

pmdjrdpahoi o~~rjohmdx je wmahm pmd orpahid ax boxd`% Pmd xdhje` hjeproxpx

pmdxd o~~rjohmdx wapm pmd dsoitopaje dccjrpx ko`d t~ pj ejw cjr pmd hitxpdr

~jiah jc pmd Boxqtd Gjsdrekdep) xj pmop xjkd go~x ord `dpdhpd`% Pmd pmar`

xtbxdhpaje `dsdij~x o edw kdpmj`jijgahoi o~~rjohm jradepd` pj hijxaeg jed jc

pmd `dpdhpd` go~x -pmd edd` pj hjk~ord oxxjhaopd` oe` eje oxxjhaopd` carkx!%

Pmax ax `jed cjr pwj oxxjhaopajex) pmd ô~dr Hitxpdr Oxxjhaopaje oe` GOAO) pmd

Didhprjeahx) Hjk~tpdr oe` Pdidhjkkteahopajex Hitxpdr Oxxjhaopaje% Xdhpaje 0

~rdxdepx pmd rdxtipx jbpoaed` ocpdr o~~iaeg pmd edw o~~rjohm oe` Xdhpaje 4

hijxdx pmd orpahid wapm pmd koae hjehitxajex%

2% Hitxpdr ~jiah oe` apx dsoitopaje ae pmd Boxqtd Hjtepr

Oipmjtgm jpmdr xakaior hjehd~px mo` bdde `dsdij~d` b pmd bdgaeeaeg jc pmd

?11> `dho`d) ^jrpdrx -?11>! `dcaeapaje jc hitxpdrx x~trrd` pmd ak~idkdepopaje


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jc hitxpdr ~jiahadx op eopajeoi oe` rdgajeoi idsdi% Pmd Boxqtd Hjtepr wox jed

jc pmd ~ajeddr rdgajex ae `jaeg xj% Kjrd pmoe o `dho`d iopdr) dsoitopaje jc xthm

~jiahadx mox bdhjkd o fd axxtd -xdd oixj Idorkjepm dp%oi%) 2>>8!%

Dccjrpx pj dsoitopd pmd dccahadeh jc pmd hitxpdr ~jiah ae pmd Boxqtd Hjtepr

wdrd ko`d ae ?11=) wmde pmd Ae`txpr) Pro`d oe` Pjtraxk @d~orpkdep jc pmd

Boxqtd Gjsdrekdep `dha`d` pj horr jtp o rdcidhpaje ~rjhdxx objtp pmd ~jiah%

Wmop mo` bdde `dxaged` ox o rd~jrp dsjisd`) cjiijwaeg Omd`j -2>>0! pjwor`x o

cjrkd` dsoitopaje% Pmrdd koae hjehitxajex wdrd jbpoaed` b pmax otpmjr crjk

aepdrsadwx wapm pmjxd aesjisd` ae pmd ~rjhdxx% Pmd carxp hjehitxaje wox pmop ap

mo` bdde oe o`dqtopd ae`txpraoi ~jiah ae jr`dr pj ~rajrapaxd ~tbiah rdxjtrhdx%

Pmd xdhje` jed wox pmop pmdrd mo` bdde o ijw idsdi jc kdrgdrx oe` xpropdgah

oiiaoehdx -wmahm op pmop pakd wmdrd xjtgmp ox o ~jxxabid rdx~jexd pj xhorhap jc

bag carkx ae pmd Boxqtd Hjtepr!) btp oe ak~jrpoep aehrdoxd ae aepdr+cark

rdiopajex% Caeoii) pmd oxxjhaopd` carkx wdrd ejp aehiaed` pj caeoehd je pmdar jwe

pmd wmjid bt`gdp jc pmd hitxpdr ohpasapadx) oe` pmdrdcjrd ~tbiah oa` wox xpaii

rdgor`d` ox edhdxxor%

Xjkd dorx iopdr) o edw dsoitopaje o~~rjohm wox `dsdij~d` b Oroegtrde oe`

Eosorrj -2>>8!% Boxd` je apx rdxtipx o xdradx jc rdxdorhm ~rjldhpx mosd

`dsdij~d` ocpdrwor`x -xdd Oroegtrde dp%oi%) 2>>3) 2>>=!% Xthm ~rjldhpx) wdrd

`dcaed` b pmd otpmjrx ae hjj~dropaje wapm pmd @d~orpkdep jc Ae`txpr) Pro`d

oe` Pjtraxk jc pmd Boxqtd Gjsdrekdep oe` xjkd jc pmd hitxpdr oxxjhaopajex%


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Pmd carxp o~~rjohm pj pmd dsoitopaje jc pmd hitxpdr ~jiah jc pmd Boxqtd

Gjsdrekdep ko`d b pmd otpmjrx wox oe d}drhaxd pj d}prohp eaed gjj`

~rohpahdx crjk Dtrj~doe xptàdx je hitxpdr ~jiah oe` `dxhrabd mjw xthm apdkx

mo` bdde hjexa`drd` ae pmd ~jiah ~rjhdxx ae pmd rdgaje -Oroegtrde oe`

Eosorrj) 2>>8!% Jed jc pmd koae hjehitxajex op pmop pakd wox pmop oipmjtgm

àrdhp dccdhpx jc pmd ~jiah wdrd àccahtip pj kdoxtrd ae pdrkx jc hjk~dpapasd

t~groàeg) pwj ~jxapasd dccdhpx wdrd `dpdhpd`% Carxp) pmd oò~popaje jc jpmdr

~jiahadx pj pmd rdoi edd`x jc carkx% Xdhje`) pmd ak~rjsdkdep ae pmd idsdi jc

fejwid`gd pmop carkx mo` objtp ~tbiah ~jiahadx% Pmd iohf jc dsoitopaje ae pmd

~jiah ~rjhdxx wox oixj hidori `dpdhpd`%

Hjexdqtdepi) pmd ed}p xpd~ wox pmd o~~iahopaje jc oe dsoitopaje pjji `dxaged`

pj kdoxtrd pmd ~drhd~paje pmop pmd carkx jc pmd hitxpdr oxxjhaopajex mo` jc pmd

d}pdep pj wmahm jtp~tpx -edpwjrfaeg) xjhaoi ho~apoi oe` hjj~dropaje ae xpropdgah

~rjldhpx! oe` rdxtipx -ak~rjsdkdepx ae cark hjk~dpapasdedxx! wdrd bdaeg

rdohmd`%

Pmd pjji wox o~~iad` pj pmd ô~dr Hitxpdr Oxxjhaopaje% Pmax oxxjhaopaje ax

aepdgropd` b eaedpdde ~orpedrx6 koaei ~ti~ oe` ~o~dr ~rj`thdrx) btp oixj

xt~~iadrx jc ho~apoi gjj`x) degaeddraeg carkx oe` o proaeaeg hdepdr% Kdpmj`jijg

oe` rdxtipx jc pmax dsoitopaje ~rjldhp hoe bd hjextipd` ae Aptrraj| dp oi% -2>>3!

oe` Oroegtrde dp oi% -2>>=!%

Okjeg jpmdr apdkx) pmd `dgrdd jc ohhjk~iaxmkdep jc pmd kaxxaje xmord` b oii

hitxpdr oxxjhaopajex wox kdoxtrd`% Xthm kaxxaje wox xpopd` ox ak~rjsaeg


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hjk~dpapasdedxx pmrjtgm xpropdgah ~rjldhpx ae hjj~dropaje% @dx~apd pmd

`accahtipadx `drasd` crjk pmd sogtdedxx ae pmax `dcaeapaje -xdd Cjid) ?112!) xjkd

hjehitxajex wdrd jbpoaed`% Oipmjtgm =>$ jc pmd oxxjhaopaje kdkbdrx xoa` pmop

pmd ohpasap `dsdij~d` ae pmd oxxjhaopaje mo` aecitdehd` pmdar hjk~dpapasdedxx)

jei ?>$ xoa` xthm ak~ohp mo` bdde magm jr sdr magm oe` 3>$ xoa` pmop ap mo`

bdde ijw) sdr ijw jr ejed% Je pmd jpmdr moe`) 7>$ jc pmd kdkbdrx xoa` pmop

pmd oxxjhaopaje mo` cohaiapopd` hjj~dropaje) gdedropd` prtxp oe` mdi~d` pj xmord

fejwid`gd oe` d}~dradehdx% Xj pmd oxxjhaopaje mdi~d` pj `dsdij~ xjhaoi ho~apoi

btp mo` iappid ak~ohp je pmd hjk~dpapasdedxx jc apx kdkbdrx% Pwj ~jxxabid

aepdr~rdpopajex wdrd ~rdxdepd` pmde% Pmd carxp jed wox pmop pmd kaxxaje jc pmd

hitxpdr oxxjhaopaje wox ejp cticaiid`% Pmd xdhje` pmop pmd kaxxaje hoe jei bd

ohhjk~iaxmd` ae pmd ijeg pdrk oe` aepdrkd`aopd gjoix wdrd bdaeg rdohmd` ae

pdrkx jc xjhaoi ho~apoi `dsdij~kdep%

8% @dsdij~aeg o kdpmj`jijgahoi o~~rjohm cjr pmd hitxpdr ~jiah dsoitopaje

~rjhdxx ae pmd Boxqtd Hjtepr

Ocpdr pmax bradc o~~rjohm pj hjehitxajex jc ~rdsajtx dsoitopaje ~rjhdxxdx) pmax

xdhpaje ~rdxdepx pmd kdpmj`jijgahoi ox~dhpx jc pmd edw dsoitopaje d}drhaxd%

Carxp) pmd pmdjrdpahoi bohfgrjte` ax ~rdxdepd`) pmde o `dxhra~paje ax ko`d jc

mjw pmdxd hjehd~px mosd bdde o~~iad` t~ pj ejw pj pmd dsoitopaje jc pmd

hitxpdr ~jiah ae pmd Boxqtd Hjtepr% Caeoii) boxd` je pmd go~x `dpdhpd`) o

edw kdpmj`jijgahoi o~~rjohm ax ~rj~jxd` cjr pmd edw dsoitopaje ~rjldhp

`dsdij~d` ae pmd orpahid%


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8%?% Pmdjrdpahoi bohfgrjte`

Ox Xisdii -2>>=! xpopdx) sdr àccdrdep didkdepx ord hjexa`drd` wmde

dsoitopaeg o hitxpdr ~jiah) ox ~tbiah aepdrsdepajex sor wa`di% Qdp) mjwdsdr

wa`d jr eorrjw) ijeg ioxpaeg jr xmjrp iasd`) ~drkoedep jr ~rjsaxajeoi) teacjrk jr

àsdrxd) wmde dsoitopd` pmd edd` pj bd `dxhrabd` ae xjkd xhmdkd jc

hopdgjradx% Ap ax dxxdepaoi pmop pmdxd ~jrprooix `j ejp rde`dr pmd aepdrsdepajex

pjj aàjxehropah oe` xaptopaje bjte`% Sorajtx ~rj~jxoix cjr hopdgjra|opaje ord

~rdxdepd` ae pmax xdhpaje je wmahm pmd dk~arahoi ~orp mox ocpdrwor`x bdde

boxd`%

Ptrjf -?11>! a`depacadx cjtr àccdrdep o~~rjohmdx pj ~jiah dsoitopaje% Pmd carxp

jed ax pmd aepdreoi rdsadw) boxd` je o`kaeaxpropasd dccdhpasdedxx% Ap boxahoii

kjeapjrx pmd dccdhpasdedxx jc ~rjgrokkdx ae oiijhopaeg rdxjtrhdx oe` ohmadsaeg

porgdpx xdp aepdreoii% Ae pmax hoxd) pmd ~rakor hjehdre ax pj kdoxtrd

~drcjrkoehd jc pmd ae~tpx ae `diasdraeg jtp~tpx ropmdr pmoe pmd kdoxtraeg pmd

dccdhpasdedxx jc pmd ~jiah ae pdrkx jc dhjejkah dccdhpx% Pmd xdhje` jed ax

d}pdreoi rdsadw) cjhtxd` je caeoehaoi dccahadeh% Ap ogoae ~iohdx apx aepdrdxp ae pmd

dccahadep txd jc pmd ~tbiah rdxjtrhdx) ropmdr pmoe ae pmdar dccdhpasdedxx ae

gdedropaeg pmd `dxard` dhjejkah jtphjkdx% Btp pmax pakd ~drcjrkoehd ax

kdoxtrd` b rdiopaeg ~jiah jtp~tpx kjrd àrdhpi pj rdxjtrhd ae~tpx% Pmd pmar`

jed ax pmd xjhaoi ohhjtepaeg o~~rjohm) ae hjepro~jxapaje jc pmd ~rdsajtx

o~~rjohmdx) ap hjehdrex ~rakorai objtp pmd dccdhpasdedxx ae pdrkx jc pmd

dhjejkah oe` xjhaoi jtphjkdx jc pmd ~jiah) oe` ejp ae pmd akkdàopd jtp~tpx

jr ae pmd ~drcjrkoehd jc pmd caeoehaoi hjxp) kdoxtraeg rdoi hjeprabtpaje pj pmd


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hjkkteap% Pmd cjtrpm jed ax pmd te`drxpoeàeg oe` d}~ioeopaje o~~rjohm) pmop

oakx pj jbpoae o `dd~dr te`drxpoeàeg jc mjw ~jiah wjrfx) gjaeg bdje` pmd

~jiah ak~ohpx oe` d}~ijraeg mjw oe` wm pmd ord ~rj`thd`% Pmax o~~rjohm

xmjti` ijjf aepj pmd ~rjhdxxdx jc dhjejkah grjwpm oe` hmoegd oe` pmd cjrhdx

oe` kdhmoeaxkx wmahm ae`thd pmdk%

Jed `dho`d iopdr) Roaedx -2>>2! ~rdxdepx pmd ~rjhdxx jc pmd hitxpdr ~jiah ox o

xdradx jc aepdriaefd` proexcjrkopajex< aeapaoi ae~tpx gj aepj pmd ~rjgrokkd) pmd

~rjgrokkd gdedropdx ohpasapadx) crjk pmdxd ohpasapadx àrdhp jtp~tpx jc ~jiah

xt~~jrp ord `drasd`) pmd akkdàopd rdxtipx jc pmd xt~~jrp wapmae akkdàopd

bdedcahaoradx cjiijw oe` caeoii) pmd ak~ohpx jc ~jiah oxxaxpoehd pofaeg aepj

ohhjtep àrdhp oe` aeàrdhp bdedcahaor hjepd}px ord ~rj`thd`%

Ae pmax o~~rjohm) pmd hjesdrxaje jc ae~tpx aepj ~jiah ohpasapadx oe` pmjxd aepj o

xdradx jc jtp~tpx pofdx ~iohd wapmae pmd ~jiah ogdeh oe` apx `diasdr j~dropaje%

Mjwdsdr) pmd proexcjrkopaje jc jtp~tpx aepj rdxtipx oe` pmd proexcjrkopaje jc

rdxtipx aepj ak~ohp pofdx ~iohd jtpxa`d pmd ~jiah `diasdr xxpdk%

Pmdrdcjrd) ~jiah dsoitopaje ax hjehdred` wapm oii pmdxd proexcjrkopajex oe` mox

pwj rjidx% Apx cjrkopasd rjid o``rdxxdx pmd dccahadeh jc ~jiah) oeoi|aeg mjw

~jiah hjesdrpx apx sorajtx ae~tpx aepj ohpasapadx oe` jtp~tpx wapmae pmd ~orokdpdr

porgdpx xdp b apx `dxagedrx% Pmd xtkkopasd ctehpaje jc dsoitopaje ax hjehdred`

wapm pmd dccdhpasdedxx jc ~jiah ohpajex) kdoxtraeg wmdpmdr pmd mosd mo` o

xageacahoep dccdhp je apx porgdp grjt~x -pmrjtgm apx rdxtipx! oe` je pmd wa`dr

dhjejk -pmrjtgm apx ak~ohpx!%


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Xpjrd -2>>>) 2>>0! ~rj~jxdx o kdpmj`jijg cjr dsoitopaeg pmd ak~ohp jc ~tbiah

~jiahadx pj oxxaxp pmd xkoii btxaedxx xdhpjr) eokd` pmd Xa} Xpd~x pj Mdosde%

Ae apx o~~rjohm) Xpjrd àccdrdepaopdx bdpwdde kjeapjraeg -crjk xpd~ ? pj 8!)

wmahm rdiadx d}hitxasdi t~je pmd sadwx jc pmd rdha~adepx jc pmd ~jiah) oe`

dsoitopaje -crjk xpd~ 0 pj 3!) wmahm xddfx pj hjeproxp pmdxd sadwx jr ohpajex

wapm pmjxd jc eje+rdha~adepx ae jr`dr pj ~rdxdep pmd hjtepdr cohptoi Pmd

àccdrdehd bdpwdde ohptoi hmoegdx oe` pmd hjtepdr cohptoi ax sadwd` ox pmd

ak~ohp jc pmd ~jiah jr apx o`àpajeoiap%

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11/39

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12/39

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13/39

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14/39

?2

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16/39

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17/39

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0% Rdxtipx jc pmd dsoitopaje ~rjhdxx


18/39

?3

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19/39

?7

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mox ejp bdde edhdxxor ox pmd xdhpjr àxprabtpaje jc pmd xok~id jc eje

oxxjhaopd` jedx kophmdx oikjxp ~drcdhpi pmd àxprabtpaje jc pmd oxxjhaopd`

carkx% Ap ax ak~jrpoep pj hjexa`dr pj pmax rdx~dhp pmop jei òpo crjk eje

oxxjhaopd` carkx wapm HEODx rd~rdxdepd` ae pmd oxxjhaopaje mox bdde txd` pj

kofd pmd hjk~oraxje%


20/39

?=

Pmd aeàhopjr hmjxde ox o carxp o~~rj}akopaje pj aeejsopaje) ax wmdpmdr pmd carkx

mosd jr ejp R&@ ohpasapadx% Pmd ~drhdepogd jc carkx pmop `j R&@ ax magmdr

okjeg pmd kdkbdrx jc pmd hitxpdr oxxjhaopaje -24$! pmop okjeg pmd eje

kdkbdr carkx -1$!% Pmax hjehitxaje hoe bd koaepoaed` cjr bjpm HEOD hj`dx

oe` dsde wmde cark xa|d ax hjexa`drd` -xdd Pobid ?!%

Pobid ?% ô~dr Hitxpdr% ^drhdepogd jc depdr~raxdx wapm R&@) wapm AXJ 1>>> + AXJ ?0>>> qtoiaphdrpacahopdx oe` ~ioepx jtpxa`d X~oae okjeg oxxjhaopd` oe` eje oxxjhaopd` carkx b HEOD oe`xa|d

HEOD oe` xa|dOxxjhaopd`

wapm R&@

Ejeoxxjhaopd`

wapm R&@Oxxjhaopd`

wapm AXJ

Ejeoxxjhaopd`

wapm AXJ

Oxxjhaopd`wapm AXJ

?0>>>

Ejeoxxjhaopd`

wapm AXJ?0>>>

Oxxjhaopd`wapm îoep

Ejeoxxjhaopd`wapm îoep

2?+ ô~dr ae`txpr ?4$ 4$ 31$ 4=$ 8=$ 8$ ?4$ ?8$21 Kohmaedr oe`

kdhmoeahoi dqta~kdep 37$ 24$ 37$ 24$ >$ >$ ?>>$ 24$Pjpoi 24$ 1$ 31$ 42$ 8?$ 2$ 8?$ ?4$

2>+11 dk~ijdd ?8$ =$ 32$ 4?$ 24$ >$ 4>$ ?=$

Kjrd pmoe 11 dk~ijdd 8=$ ?0$ 74$ 47$ 24$ ?0$ ?8$ >$

Pjpoi 24$ 1$ 31$ 42$ 24$ 2$ 8?$ ?4$

Pjpoi cjr XXH 24$ ??$ 31$ 40$ 24$ 7$ 8?$ 1$Xjtrhd< Dtxpop oe` Hasd}%


21/39

?1

Pmd carxp aeàhopjrx hmjxde pj hjk~ord carkx ae pdrkx jc qtoiap ax wmdpmdr pmd

carkx mosd jr ejp pmd AXJ 1>>> hdrpacahopd% Pmd ~drhdepogd jc carkx wapm AXJ

1>>> ax magmdr okjeg kdkbdrx jc pmd oxxjhaopaje -31$! pmoe okjeg eje

kdkbdrx -42$!% Pmax hjehitxaje ax o~~iahobid cjr HEOD 2? oe` 21 oe` cjr

àccdrdep cark xa|d grjt~x -xdd Pobid ?!%

Pmd xdhje` qtoiap aeàhopjr ax AXJ ?0>>> -desarjekdepoi qtoiap aeàhopjr!% Apx

oeoixax xmjwx xakaior hjehitxajex pj pmjxd jbpoaed` wmde AXJ 1>>> wox

oeoixd`% Pmd ~drhdepogd jc carkx wapm AXJ ?0>>> hdrpacahopdx ax magmdr okjeg

pmd kdkbdrx jc pmd oxxjhaopaje -8?$! pmoe okjeg pmd eje kdkbdr carkx -2$!%

Pmax hjehitxaje ax o~~iahobid cjr HEOD 2? oe` 21 oe` oii xa|d grjt~x -xdd

Pobid ? !%

Rdgoràeg aepdreopajeoiaxopaje jc carkx) pmd ~drhdepogd jc d}~jrpx jsdr xoidx mox

bdde oeoixd`% Pmd ropaj cjr oxxjhaopaje kdkbdrx ax magmdr pmoe cjr eje

kdkbdrx% Ox hoe bd xdde ae Pobid 2) àccdrdep d}~jrp roegdx mosd bdde

`dcaed` oe` pmd kdkbdr oe` eje kdkbdr carkx mosd bdde hioxxacad` ohhjràeg

pmdar ~drhdepogd jc d}~jrpx je xoidx% Ac o iaed ax `rowe bdpwdde pmjxd wmj

d}~jrp kjrd oe` idxx pmoe ?3$) pmd ~drhdepogd jc carkx pmop d}~jrp kjrd pmoe

pmop ax magmdr okjeg pmd kdkbdrx -=?$! pmoe okjeg eje kdkbdrx -24$!%

Pmax hjehitxaje ax oixj soia` cjr dohm HEOD -2? oe` 21! oe` dohm xa|d grjt~

-2>+11 dk~ijdd oe` kjrd pmop 11 dk~ijdd!%

Pobid 2% ô~dr Hitxpdr% @axprabtpaje jc carkx ohhjràeg pj pmdar d}~jrpx cjr oxxjhaopd` oeèje oxxjhaopd` carkx b HEOD oe` xa|d

Oxxjhaopd

`

Eje

Oxxjhaopd`

HEOD oe` xa|d Ej d}~jrp% 94$ 4+?4$?3+24$ 23+4>$ 4?+74$ 574$ Ej D}~% 94$

4+?4$

?3+24$

23+4>$

4?+74$ 574$


22/39

2>

2?+ ô~dr ae`txpr 28$ >$ >$ ?4$ 8=$ ?4$ =$ 02$ ?=$ ?8$ 8$ ??$ ??$ 8$21+ Kohmaedr oe`kdhmoeahoi dqta~kdep >$ >$ >$ >$ >$ >$ ?>>$ 4>$ ?8$ 24$ >$ >$ >$ ?8$

Pjpoi ?1$ >$ >$ ?8$ 8?$ ?8$ 24$ 08$ ?7$ ?4$ 2$ 1$ 1$ 0$

2>+11 dk~ijdd ?8$ >$ >$ ?8$ 24$ ?8$ 8=$ 00$ 2?$ ?8$ 8$ 4$ ?>$ 4$

Kjrd pmoe 11Dk~ijdd 24$ >$ >$ ?8$ 8=$ ?8$ ?8$ 08$ >$ 21$ >$ 21$ >$ >$

Pjpoi ?1$ >$ >$ ?8$ 8?$ ?8$ 24$ 08$ ?7$ ?4$ 2$ 1$ 1$ 0$

Pjpoi XXH ?1$ >$ >$ ?8$ 8?$ ?8$ 24$ 08$ ?>$ 2?$ ?$ ?7$ 4$ 8$Xjtrhd< Hasd} -2>>3!

Pmd xdhje` aeàhopjr rdiopd` pj aepdreopajeoiaxopaje pmop mox bdde oeoixd` ax

pmd ~drhdepogd jc carkx pmop mosd o ~ioep jtpxa`d X~oae% Ox hoe bd jbxdrsd` ae

Pobid?) pmax ~drhdepogd ax magmdr okjeg kdkbdr carkx -8?$! pmoe okjeg eje

kdkbdrx -?4$!% Pmax ax xj cjr pmd pwj HEODx oe` cjr pmd pwj xa|d grjt~x pjj%

Caeoii) pmd àccdrdehd ae dhjejkah rdxtipx bdpwdde ~o~dr hitxpdr oxxjhaopaje

kdkbdrx oe` eje kdkbdrx ax oeoixd`% Ae pmax hoxd) pmd xok~id wox qtapd

xkoii) xaehd pmdrd wox ej òpo cjr xjkd carkx ae pmd XOBA òpoboxd -xdd pmax

xok~id ae Pobid 8 ae pmd O~~deà}!% Xj rdxtipx xmjti` bd aepdr~rdpd` kjrd

hordctii pmoe pmd ~rdsajtx jedx% Cjr pmax oeoixdx pmd aeàhopjr jc dhjejkah

~rjcapobaiap mox bdde txd`) `dcaed` ox j~dropaeg rdxtipx jsdr oxxdpx%

Ae pmax aeàhopjr -xdd Pobid 8!) hitxpdr oxxjhaopaje kdkbdrx ~rdxdep wjrxd

rdxtipx -4$! pmoe eje kdkbdrx -=$!% Pmax hjehitxaje ax hjexaxpdep cjr pmd pwj

HEODx -2? oe` 21! oe` cjr carkx wapm bdpwdde ?1 oe` ?>> dk~ijddx% Pmd

rdxtip ax pmd j~~jxapd cjr carkx wapm kjrd pmoe 11 dk~ijddx%

Pobid 8% ô~dr Hitxpdr% Dhjejkah ~rjcapobaiap okjeg oxxjhaopd` oe` ejeoxxjhaopd` carkx b HEOD oe` xa|d


23/39

2?

HEOD oe` xa|d OxxjhaopdÈje

oxxjhaopd`2?+ ô~dr ae`txpr 3$ =$21 Kohmaedr oe`kdhmoeahoi dqta~kdep 2$ =$Pjpoi 4$ =$

2>+11 dk~ijdd 0$ 1$Kjrd pmoe 11 dk~ijdd 3$ 4$Pjpoi 4$ =$Xjtrhd< XOBA òpoboxd%

Oipmjtgm hjehitxajex waii bd ~rdxdepd` ae pmd caeoi xdhpaje jc pmd orpahid) òpo

xddkx pj xmjw pmop pmd oxxjhaopaje kagmp bd aecitdehaeg kdkbdrx pj wjrf je

R&@) qtoiap hdrpacahopajex oe` aepdreopajeoiaxopaje) btp pmax mox ejp proexiopd` ae

bdppdr rdxtipx% Oewo) ap wjti` bd edhdxxor pj oeoixd òpo xdradx pj pdxp ac

ohptoi ak~rjsdkdepx je pmdxd aeàhopjrx kagmp braeg kjrd ~rjcapobaiap ae pmd

ctptrd%

0%2% Dsoitopaje rdxtipx< GOAO Hitxpdr Oxxjhaopaje

Ox ae pmd ~rdsajtx hoxd) pmd carxp xpd~ mox bdde pj oeoixd mjw koe jc pmd

~jpdepaoi carkx ord ohptoii oxxjhaopd`% Pmd xdhpjrx rd~rdxdepd` ae pmd GOAO

oxxjhaopaje kofd t~ cjr 4$ jc pmd pjpoi dk~ijkdep jc pmd rdgaje% 24$ jc

pmdxd dk~ijddx hjrrdx~je` pj carkx oxxjhaopd` pj GOAO% Pmax kdoex pmop

pmdrd ax oe ak~jrpoep etkbdr jc carkx pmop hjti` m~jpmdpahoii bd oxxjhaopd` btp

ord ejp -xdd Pobid 0 ae pmd O~~deà}!%

Ae hjeproxp wapm pmd rdxtipx jbpoaed` cjr pmd ~o~dr hitxpdr oxxjhaopaje) pmd

àsdrxacahopaje idsdi ax kthm magmdr ae GOAO) ox oxxjhaopd` carkx àxprabtpd ae


24/39

22

dsdr xdhpjr iaefd` pj pmd oxxjhaopaje% Ejp oii ohpasapadx mosd pmd xokd ~rdxdehd

pmjtgm) hjkkdrhaoi ohpasapadx bdaeg jed jc pmd kjxp te`drrd~rdxdepd`%

Rdgoràeg pmd xa|d jc pmd oxxjhaopd` carkx) 70$ jc pmdk mosd cacp jr idxx

dk~ijddx% Oewo) pmd carkx pmop ord bdppdr rd~rdxdepd` ae pmd oxxjhaopaje ord

pmd kdàtk oe` bag jedx) wapm 20$ oe` 24$ jc pmd eoptroi hitxpdr carkx

oxxjhaopd`) wmaid jei ?3$ jc pmd xkoii jedx ord xj%

Cjiijwaeg pmd xokd ~rjhd`trd ~rdxdepd` cjr pmd ~o~dr hitxpdr) oxxjhaopd` carkx

oe` eje oxxjhaopd` carkx ae pmd hjeproxp grjt~ mosd bdde hjk~ord` ae pdrkx jc

R&@) aepdreopajeoiaxopaje) qtoiap oe` dhjejkah rdxtipx% Hjk~oraxjex mosd

bdde ko`d bdpwdde carkx ae pmd xokd HEOD cjr pwj àgapx oe` xokd xa|d%

Ogoae) XXH soitdx jc aeàhopjrx mosd bdde hoihtiopd`% Pmdxd xmjw pmd soitdx

jc xthm aeàhopjrx cjr pmd xokd xa|d xprthptrd -rdxtipx jbpoaed` oxxageaeg pmd

xa|d xprthptrd jc kdkbdr carkx pj eje kdkbdrx!% Pmd hjehitxaje ogoae ax pmop

àccdrdehdx ae aeejsopaje) qtoiap oe` aepdreopajeoiaxopaje aeàhopjrx ord ejp

opprabtpobid pj xthm dccdhp% Ae pmax hoxd) XOH -xokd ohpasap hjk~jxapaje! soitdx

wdrd oixj hoihtiopd`% Ogoae) ej xageacahoep àccdrdehdx ord `dpdhpd`%

R&@ ox oe aeàhopjr jc aeejsopaje ho~ohap mox bdde hjeproxpd` carxp% @dpoaix

hoe bd xdde ae Pobid 0% Pmd ~drhdepogd jc carkx wapm R&@ ohpasapadx ax magmdr

okjeg pmd kdkbdrx jc hitxpdr oxxjhaopaje -41$! pmoe okjeg eje kdkbdr

carkx -?4$!% Pmax hjehitxaje ax o~~iahobid cjr dsdr ohpasap xdhpjr oeoixd` oe`

dsdr cark xa|d%


25/39

28

Pobid 0% GOAO% ^drhdepogd jc depdr~raxdx wapm R&@ okjegoxxjhaopd` oe` eje oxxjhaopd` carkx b HEOD oe` xa|d

Oxxjhaopd`wapm R&@

Ejeoxxjhaopd

` wapmR&@

Oxxjhaopd` wapm AXJ

1>>>

Ejeoxxjhaopd`

wapm AXJ1>>>

Oxxjhaopd`wapm ^ioep

Ejeoxxjhaopd`wapm ^ioep

8?+ Didhprahoikohmaedr oe`kopdraoi 77$ 80$ =4$ 3?$ 31$ =3$82+ Didhprjeahkopdraoi 37$ 20$ 78$ 2?$ 37$ 1?$88+ ^rdhaxajedqta~kdep oe` jpmdrx 7=$ 4>$ 43$ ?7$ =1$ =8$04+ Hjexprthpaje ?7$ =$ 88$ 80$ ?>>$ 11$4?+ Wmjidxoid 00$ >$ 88$ >$ 37$ ?>>$42+ Rdpoai 4>$ ?0$ >$ ?0$ ?>>$ ?>>$30+ ^jxp xdrsahdx oe`pdidhjkkteahopaje 4>$ 8$ 88$ 8$ ?>>$ ?>>$72+ Hjk~tpaeg

ohpasapadx 41$ ?8$ ?3$ 0$ 1=$ 11$

?+1 dk~ijddx 8?$ 7$ ?0$ ?$ 17$ ?>>$

?>+?1 dk~ijddx 30$ ?4$ ?=$ ?1$ 14$ 17$

2>+0> dk~ijddx 37$ 20$ 4>$ 27$ =8$ 14$

4>+11 dk~ijddx =>$ 8>$ 4>$ 04$ 1>$ 12$

?>>+201 dk~ijddx ?>>$ 84$ 7?$ 02$ =3$ ==$Kjrd pmoe 201dk~ijddx =7$ 8?$ ?>>$ 84$ 8=$ ==$

Pjpoi 41$ ?4$ 87$ ?0$ ==$ 17$

Pjpoi cjr XXH 41$ 2>$ 87$ ?4$ ==$ 14$

Pjpoi cjr XOH 41$ ?1$ 87$ 2>$ ==$ 13$Xjtrhd< Dtxpop oe` Hasd}%


26/39

20

Pj kdoxtrd cark ~drcjrkoehd ae pdrkx jc qtoiap) pmd ~drhdepogd jc carkx wapm

AXJ 1>>> hdrpacahopdx mox bdde hjk~ord`% Pmop ~drhdepogd ax magmdr okjeg pmd

kdkbdrx jc pmd hitxpdr oxxjhaopaje -87$! pmoe okjeg eje kdkbdrx -?0$!% Btp

o hijxdr ijjf op Pobid 0 xmjwx pmop pmax hjehitxaje `jdx ejp o~~i cjr dsdr

ohpasap xdhpjr oe` cark xa|d% Pmd d}hd~pajex ord HEOD xdhpjrx 04 oe` 42 oe`

carkx wapm ?1+?>> dk~ijddx oe` te`dr ?> dk~ijddx%

Desarjekdepoi qtoiap ae pmax ohpasap ax ejp ox hrapahoi ox ap wox ae pmd hoxd jc pmd

~o~dr ~rj`thdrx) pmop ax wm pmdrd ord oikjxp ej AXJ ?0>>> hdrpacahopdx% Pmd

àccahtip pj rdohm hjk~orobid hjehitxajex boxd` je xthm xhorhd òpo mox id` pj

pmd `dhaxaje pj idosd pmax aeàhopjr jtp jc pmd xpt`%

Rdgoràeg aepdreopajeoiaxopaje jc carkx) carxp wd oeoixd pmd ~drhdepogd jc d}~jrp

jsdr xoidx% Ox hoe bd jbxdrsd` ae Pobid 4) kdkbdrx d}~jrp ~drhdepogd ax

magmdr pmoe eje kdkbdrx jed% Pmax hjehitxaje ax soia` cjr oii HEODx d}hd~p 88

oe` dsdr cark xa|d grjt~%

Pobid 4% GOAO% @axprabtpaje jc carkx ohhjràeg pj pmdar d}~jrpx cjr oxxjhaopd` oe` ejeoxxjhaopd` carkx b HEOD oe` xa|d

Oxxjhaopd`

EjeOxxjhaopd`

Ej d}~jrp% 94$ 4+?4$?3+24$ 23+4>$ 4?+74$ 574$ Ej D}~% 94$

4+?4$

?3+24$

23+4>$

4?+74$ 574$

8?+ Didhprahoikohmaedr oe`kopdraoi 03$ >$ 8?$ >$ ?4$ =$ >$ 44$ 1$ ?8$ ?0$ 4$ 8$ ?$82+ Didhprjeahkopdraoi 07$ ?8$ ?8$ ?8$ ?8$ >$ >$ 3=$ 1$ 3$ 8$ 1$ 8$ 8$88+ ^rdhaxajedqta~kdep oe` jpmdrx 00$ >$ ??$ ??$ 88$ >$ >$ 88$ >$ 88$ ?7$ >$ >$ ?7$

04+ Hjexprthpaje =8$ ?7$ >$ >$ >$ >$ >$ 13$ >$ ?$ ?$ ?$ >$ >$4?+ Wmjidxoid 37$ >$ >$ 22$ ??$ >$ >$ 1>$ ?>$ >$ >$ >$ >$ >$


27/39

24

42+ Rdpoai ?>>$ >$ >$ >$ >$ >$ >$ ?>>$ >$ >$ >$ >$ >$ >$30+ ^jxp xdrsahdx oe`pdidhjkkteahopaje =8$ >$ >$ >$ ?7$ >$ >$ ?>>$ >$ >$ >$ >$ >$ >$72+ Hjk~tpaegohpasapadx 10$ 2$ >$ >$ 2$ 2$ >$ 11$ >$ >$ ?$ >$ >$ >$

?+1 dk~ijddx 17$ >$ 8$ >$ >$ >$ >$ 11$ >$ >$ >$ >$ >$ >$?>+?1 dk~ijddx 77$ 1$ 4$ >$ 1$ >$ >$ 10$ >$ >$ 8$ 2$ >$ ?$

2>+0> dk~ijddx 38$ >$ ?8$ ?>$ ?>$ 8$ >$ =>$ 8$ =$ 4$ 8$ ?$ >$4>+11 dk~ijddx 3>$ 2>$ >$ >$ ?>$ ?>$ >$ 70$ =$ =$ =$ 2$ >$ 2$?>>+201 dk~ijddx 47$ >$ ?0$ ?0$ ?0$ >$ >$ 77$ >$ 0$ =$ 0$ =$ >$Kjrd pmoe 201dk~ijddx 4>$ >$ >$ ?8$ 8=$ >$ >$ 77$ ?2$ 0$ =$ >$ >$ >$

Pjpoi 74$ 0$ 3$ 0$ 1$ 2$ >$ 12$ 2$ 2$ 2$ ?$ >$ >$

Pjpoi cjr XXH 74$ 0$ 3$ 0$ 1$ 2$ >$ =0$ 8$ 4$ 0$ 2$ ?$ 2$Pjpoi cjr XOH 74$ 0$ 3$ 0$ 1$ 2$ >$ 1>$ 2$ 8$ 8$ ?$ >$ >$

Xjtrhd< Hasd} -2>>3!

Pmd ~drhdepogd jc carkx wapm o ~ioep jtpxa`d X~oae mox oixj bdde oeoi|d` ox

oe aeàhopjr jc aepdreopajeoia|opaje% @opo ae Pobid 0 xmjw pmop pmax ~drhdepogd ax

magmdr cjr oxxjhaopd` carkx pmoe cjr eje oxxjhaopd` jedx% Pmd hjehitxaje ax prtd

cjr oii HEODx xptàd`) d}hd~p HEOD 04 oe` 88%

Dhjejkah rdxtipx mosd bdde oeoixd` ae pmax hoxd ox ae pmd ~rdsajtx jed%

Sorajtx xdhpjrx xmjwd` edgopasd soitdx) pmop ocpdr aepdrsadwx wapm carkx ae pmd

xdhpjr xddk pj bd `td pj pmd hjexa`dropaje jc R&@ ox oe d}~dexd oe` ejp

aesdxpkdep b xjkd jc pmd carkx% Ox R&@ ax rdidsoep ae pmax xdhpjr oe` ap wox ejp

~jxxabid pj axjiopd pmax dccdhp) xthm òpo mox ejp bdde txd` pj hjk~ord

oxxjhaopd` oe` eje oxxjhaopd` carkx%

4% Hjehitxajex


28/39

23

Ocpdr oikjxp pwj `dho`dx xaehd pmd hitxpdr ~jiah jc pmd Boxqtd Gjsdrekdep

wox `dcaed` cjiijwaeg ^jrpdrx kdpmj`jijg) sorajtx dccjrpx mosd bdde ko`d pj

dsoitopd pmd rdxtipx jbpoaed`%

Pmd carxp gjoi jc pmd ~o~dr wox pj rdhjexa`dr pmd dsoitopaje ~rjhdxxdx

`dsdij~d` t~ pj ejw) pj dxpobiaxm pj wmop d}pdep pmd rdx~je` pj pmd kjxp

`dkoeàeg o~~rjohmdx `dcaed` cjr dsoitopaje kj`dix% Pmax mox xmjwd` xdsdroi

ox~dhpx pmop mosd ejp bdde hjexa`drd` ae pmd ~rdsajtx ~rjhdxxdx) koaei pmd

hjk~oraxje bdpwdde oxxaxpd` oe` eje oxxaxpd` carkx oe` pmd edd` pj rdaecjrhd

te`drxpoeàeg oe` d}~ioeopaje o~~rjohmdx%

O xpd~ cjrwor` mox pmde bdde pofde b `dsdij~aeg o edw dsoitopaje ~rjhdxx ae

pwj hitxpdr oxxjhaopajex) pmd ô~dr Hitxpdr Oxxjhaopaje oe` GOAO% Kdkbdr

carkx jc xthm oxxjhaopajex mosd bdde hjk~ord` wapm hjeprji grjt~x ae pdrkx jc

pmrdd xpropdgah ordox cjr pmd hitxpdr ~jiah< aeejsopaje) qtoiap oe`

aepdreopajeoiaxopaje% Pmax wo) jed jc pmd ak~rjsdkdep ordox `dpdhpd`

~rdsajtxi ae pmd dsoitopaje ~rjhdxx mox bdde hjexa`drd`%

@opo xmjw pmop xxpdkopahoii ae pmd ô~dr Hitxpdr Oxxjhaopaje oe` wapm xjkd

d}hd~pajex ae GOAO) carkx bdijegaeg pmd hitxpdr oxxjhaopajex mosd bdppdr soitdx

ae pmd aeejsopaje) qtoiap oe` aepdreopajeoiaxopaje aeàhopjrx% Ej hotxd dccdhp

hjehitxajex hoe bd jbpoaed` pmjtgm) ox ap ax àccahtip pj `dpdrkaed wmdpmdr pmd

oxxjhaopajex mosd mdi~d` carkx ak~rjsd ae pmdxd ordox jr carkx wapm o magmdr

~drcjrkoehd ~rjcaid ljaed` pmd hitxpdr oxxjhaopaje%


29/39

27

Dhjejkah ~rjcapobaiap jc oxxjhaopd` oe` eje oxxjhaopd` carkx mox oixj bdde

hjk~ord`% Ae pmd ô~dr Hitxpdr Oxxjhaopaje pofde ox o wmjid) eje oxxjhaopd`

carkx xmjw o bdppdr ~drcjrkoehd) pmjtgm ae pmd xdgkdep jc carkx wapm kjrd pmoe

11 dk~ijddx) oxxjhaopd` jedx ord `jaeg bdppdr% Pmd gdedroi hjehitxaje kagmp

bd pmop oxxjhaopd` carkx mosd bdppdr ~drcjrkoehd ae pdrkx jc pmd xdidhpd`

aeàhopjrx cjr aeejsopaje) qtoiap oe` aepdreopajeoiaxopaje) btp pmax `jdx ejp

aesjisd pmd ord kjrd ~rjcapobid%

Pmd àccahtipadx pj `drasd hidor hjehitxajex crjk pmd dsoitopaje ~rjhdxx horrad`

jtp ax àrdhpi rdiopd` pj xjkd jc pmd hmorohpdraxpahx ak~iahap pj hitxpdrx ~rdxdepd`

op pmd pmdjrdpahoi bohfgrjte`< pmd ka}ptrd jc poegabid oe` aepoegabid jbldhpasdx6

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bdde pmd ed}p xpd~ ~rj~jxd` b pmd otpmjrx cjr pmd Boxqtd Hjtepr% O

hjexdextx o~~rjohm pj pmd `dcaeapaje jc o xdp jc aeàhopjrx oe` pmdar

aepdr~rdpopaje xmord` b ~jiah kofdrx -oe` pmdar pdhmeahoi pdokx!) pdhmeahoi

pdokx op pmd hitxpdr oxxjhaopajex oe` cark rd~rdxdepopasdx wjti` bd oe

ak~jrpoep xpd~ cjrwor` ae pmax ~jiah dsoitopaje ~rjhdxx%

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Hjjfd -2>>7! pmop rdxdorhm ktxp hdoxd ltk~aeg pj ~jiah ak~iahopajex crjk

pmdjrdpahoi kj`diiaeg) o proàpaje pmop ~rj`thdx terdoiaxpah o`sahd pj

te`drxpoeòbi xhd~pahoi ~jiah ohpjrx% Ropmdr ak~iahopajex xmjti` bd xtbldhp pj


30/39

2=

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31/39

21

O~~deà}

O~~deà} Pobid ?< Dxpakopaje jc pmd eoptroi hitxpdr bdmae` pmd ô~drHitxpdr Oxxjhaopaje

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B HEOD

2>+ Wjj` oe` hjrf > >$ > >$ ? >$80

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>$

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01$ 833 7?$8%728

81$

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>$

27+ Kdpoiitrg > >$ > >$ 2 >$87

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>$

2=+ Kdpoiiah ~rj`thpx > >$ > >$ 0 ?$17

?$ 0 ?$17

?$

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8 ?1$ 80? ?7$ 2> 0$3?8

=$ 28 0$140

?>$

0?+ Wopdr ho~ptraeg)prdopkdep oe` axprabtpaje

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?$

4?+ Wmjidxoid > >$ > >$ 0 ?$87

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>$

38+ Ohpasapadx oppohmd` pjproex~jrp

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70+ Jpmdr btxaedxx ohpasapadx > >$ > >$ 8 ?$?83

2$ 8 ?$?83

?$

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? o 1 > >$ > >$ 2=7 4=$ ?%?2= ?4$ 2=7 43$ ?%?2= ?2$


32/39

8>

?> o ?1 > >$ > >$ ?2> 20$ ?%3?8 2?$ ?2> 28$ ?%3?8 ?7$

2> o 21 ? 3$ 07 2$ 3? ?2$ ?%=>? 20$ 32 ?2$ ?%=0= ?1$

4> o 11 7 00$ 4>2 27$ ?1 0$ ?%87= ?=$ 23 4$ ?%127 2>$

Kjrd pmoe 11 = 4>$ ?%04= 7?$ ?? 2$ ?%381 22$ ?1 0$ 8%>17 82$

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B HEOD KdkbdrxEjekdkbdrx Pjpoi Kdkbdrx

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Kdhmoeahoi dqta~kdep ?1$ ?7$ ?>$ 8 = ??B xa|d2>+11 dk~ijdd 4>$ =4$ 73$ = 81 07511 dk~ijdd 4>$ ?4$ 20$ = 7 ?4Pjpoi ?>>$ ?>>$ ?>>$ ?3 03 32

Xjtrhd< Otpmjrx diobjropaje%

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Pjpoi ?4 0?

Xjtrhd< Otpmjrx diobjropaje%

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33/39

8?

8?+ Didhprahoi kohmaedroe` kopdraoi

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? o 1 4883$

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34/39

82

O~~de`a}Pobid 4%Xok~id cjr Dhjejkah ^rjcapobaiap oeoixax ae GOAO

B HEOD Kdkbdrx Kdkbdrx -$! Ejekdkbdrx

Eje kdkbdrx-$!

HEOD8?+ Didhprahoi kohmaedr

oe` kopdraoi ?8

?2$

77

??$

HEOD82+ Didhprjeah kopdraoi ?4 ?8$ 80 4$HEOD 88+ ^rdhaxaje dqta~kdepoe` jpmdrx 1

=$3

?$

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4$0>

4$

HEOD 72 Hjk~tpaeg ohpasapadx 01 08$ 0=8 33$B xa|d

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35/39

88

Rdcdrdehdx

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OROEGTRDE) K% L%6 IORRDO) K% oe` EOSORRJ) A -2>>3!< Pmd ~jiah

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Hitxpdrx oe` gijboiaxopaje< pmd `dsdij~kdep jc dhjejkadx) D`wor` Digor)

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Gjsdreoehd oe` Dhjejkah @dsdij~kdep% Bra`gaeg @axha~iaeor Crjepadrx)

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?71+?10%


36/39

80

HJJFD) ^% oe` KJRGOE) F% -?11=! Pmd Oxxjhaopajeoi Dhjejk% Carkx)

Rdgajex oe` Aeejsopaje% J}cjr`< J}cjr` Teasdrxap ^rdxx%

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128%

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CJIDQ) ^% -?112!< Ijhoi Dhjejkah ^jiah oe` Ljb Hrdopaje< O Rdsadw jc

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37/39

84

APTRRAJ\) H%6 OROEGTRDE) K%L%6 OROGE) H Q IORRDO) K% -2>>3!< Io

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dk~rdxoraoi% Rdxtipo`jx `d io dsoitohae `d `jx d}~dradehaox de io HO^S)

Dfjejkao|) E 3>%

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Hitxpdr Kj`diiaeg< Pmd Dsoitopaje jc Xhjppaxm Depdr~raxd Hitxpdr ^jiah)

Dtrj~doe îoeeaeg Xptàdx) Sji% ??) Ej% 4) Lti 2>>8%

KORPAE) R%6 FAPXJE) K% oe` PQIDR) ^% -D`x%! -2>>3! Rdgajeoi

Hjk~dpapasdedxx% Rjtpid`gd< Ije`je oe` Edw Qjrf%

JDH@ -2>>>!< JDH@ Xkoii oe` Kdàtk+Xa|d` depdr~raxd jtpijjf) Jrgoeaxopaje

cjr Dhjejkah Hjj~dropaje oe` @dsdij~kdep) ôrax%

JDH@ -2>>7! Hjk~dpapasd Rdgajeoi Hitxpdrx% Eopajeoi ^jiah O~~rjohmdx%

JDH@%

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Hjecdrdehd< Dsoitopaje oe` DT rdgajeoi ~jiah< Edw qtdxpajex oe` hmoiidegdx%


38/39

83

Dtrj~doe ^jiahadx Rdxdorhm Hdeprd% Teasdrxap jc Xpropmhi`d% Gioxgjw) Teapd`

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XPJRDQ) @%L% -2>>>!< Xa} Xpd~x pj Mdosde< Dsoitopaeg pmd Ak~ohp jc ^tbiah

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rdsadw jc oipdreopasd o~~rjohmdx) Xhjppaxm Gdjgro~mahoi Kogo|aed) ?>3 -?!

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J R F D X P R O

Aexpaptpj Soxhj `d Hjk~dpapasaò` Cteòhae @dtxpj

Kteòa|) 4>2>>?2 @jejxpao Xoe Xdboxpae

p%-&80! 108217827c% -&80! 108271828

a new step in cluster policy evaluation in the basque country (eng) / un nuevo paso en la...

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