a pa stylesheet

8/9/2019 A Pa Stylesheet

1/16- Genesee Community College -APA 2014 njl - 081914

APA Stylesheet- Alfred C. O'Connell Library -

When writing a research paper, you must indicate exactly where you found the information youpresent. Your sources are listed throughout your paper as parenth etical (in-text) citation sandat the end of your paper in a References" list. See the last page of this guide for an example ofa References page.

Always con sul t you r professor to learn i f

he/she has any special requirements fo r ci tat ions.

For help in deciding what is responsible writing and what is plagiarism, see the followingwebsites: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/ orhttp:/ /www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml

General Rules p. 1

Citing Print Books p. 2

Citing Electronic Books p. 3

Citing Reference Books p. 4

Citing Newspaper, Magazine & Journal ArticlesHow to cite pr in tarticles p. 6

Citing Web Resources p. 8

Citing Multi-Media Resources (CDs, CD-ROMs, DVDs, etc.) p. 9

Citing Legal Materials p. 10

Citing Course Materials p. 10

Citing PDA Software (Palm, iPod Touch, BlackBerry, etc.) p. 10

Parenthetical (in-text) Citation p. 11

Sample Paper Pages p. 15

Sample References p. 16

If you have any confusion about the type of material you are trying to cite and what example to followplease contact a librarian immediatelysee the last page of this guide for contact information.

Authors:

Do not include the full first and middle names of authorsuse initials instead. For Jr., III, etc., seeexample at the top of page 3 and first and last examples on page 7.

When the author and publisher are identical use the word Author as the name of the publisher.

In the Referencessection for books and articles with up to sevenauthors, list all the authors'

names (in the order they appear), with a comma and an ampersand (&) before the last author. In the Referencessection for books and articles with more than sevenauthors, list the first six

(in the order they appear), followed by three dots ( . . . ) and then the last name and first initial(s)of the lastauthor listed. (Cronise, J., Lerczak, N. J., Francis, C. A., Hagelberger, C., Wegner, K.,Reisdorf, J., . . . Bartl, R.) See example (Suggs et al.) p. 7.

When there are 2 or more authors, a comma is placed before the ampersand (&) before thelast author, but when there are 2 or more editors, NO comma is used (refer to top example on p.4).

Titles:

Only capitalize the first word of the title, the first word of the subtitle and any proper nouns, forexample (United States,Alzheimers, etc.).

Book titles and web page titles are put in italics.

General Rules
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtmlhttp://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtmlhttp://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtmlhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/


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Dates:

Journals and books use just the year of publication (2007).

Monthly magazines use the year and the month of publication (2007, August).

Weekly/daily publications (magazines and newspapers) use the entire date (2007, August 21)

Abbreviations:

Do not abbreviate dates.

Leave out Publishers, Co., and Inc. from the names of publishers. Include the words BooksandPress.

Page numbers

When citing page numbers for periodical articles, only newspapersuse p. or pp.

Separate page numbers with a comma if the article has discontinuous pagination. Discontinuouspagination is when an article starts on one page, then has a break, and finally continues tenpages later. (A12, A16)

Show page numbers as completely as you can (you will need to view the PDF version to findcomplete pagination information for some articles). Some databases will have article citations thatonly give the first page number in which case put a + after the start page (67+).

DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) and URLs

DOIs are becoming more common for items such as journal articles and electronic books. If youare citing something that includes a DOI (doi:10.1023/0513-85645.25.3.445) then include that

information at the end of the article or book information (do not put a period after a DOI number).For library database articles and electronic books without a DOI, the APA expects you to doa web search to locate the URL of the book publisher or the journal homepage, even though thatis not actually from where you retrieved the item. In these cases, include Retrieved fromhttp://www.journalhomepage.com or Retrieved from http://www.bookpublisherhomepage.comat the end of the other information. See a librarian for help with this, or look at the examplesprovided on pp. 3, 4, 69, of this guide.

1. One Author

2. Two to Seven Authors3. Edited Book4. Work in an Anthology5. Group/Agency as Author

1. One Author

Kaku, M. (1994). Hyperspace: A scientific odyssey through parallel universes,

time warps, and the tenth dimension.New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

2. Two to Seven Authors

Kerrigan, P., & Smith, G. (1989). The idea of the Renaissance.New York, NY: Knopf.

Citing Print Books

See General Rules (p.1)

for how to cite a book withmore than seven authors.

Note that when there are 2 or more authors, a comma is placed after allauthors before the ampersand (&), but when there are 2 or more editors,NO comma is used (refer to top example on p. 4).

The basic format for a book citation is:

Author Last name, Author First Initial. (Year of Publication).Title of book. Place of Publication: Name of

Publisher.


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McQuade, S. C., III, Colt, J. P., & Meyer, N. B. B. (2009). Cyber bullying: Protecting kids

and adults from online bullies. Westport, CT: Praeger.

3. Edited Book

Colman, A. M. (Ed.). (1994). Companion encyclopedia of psychology.London, England:

Routledge.

4. Work in an Anthology*

*A workmay be an essay, short story, poem, article or a chapter that appears within a book thathas an editor. Our example uses an article.

Goodman, E. (2004). Cloning may not be enough to save endangered species. In L. I.

Gerdes (Ed.), Genetic engineering: Opposing viewpoints(pp.76-79). San Diego,

CA: Greenhaven Press.

5. Group/Agency as Author

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of

mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Follow these examples for (non-encyclopedia) books from databases such as Opposing Viewpoints inContext, Countrywatch, and Points of View Reference Center. See the next section Cit ing ReferenceBooksfor how to cite encyclopedia articles from databases such as Gale Virtual Reference Library, andCREDO Reference.

1. One Author2. Edited Book3. Group/Agency as Author4. Work in an Anthology (Viewpoint & Point/Counterpoint articles)

1. One Author

Carroll, L. (1998). Lawful order: A case study of correctional crisis and reform.

New York, NY: Garland. Retrieved from http://www.garlandscience.com/

Citing Electronic Books

Note: This book was actually accessed through NetLibrarybut this is the URL of the books publisher Garland.

Note:Begin the citation with the author, date and title of the work, thengive the editor(s) of the book, title, pages and publication information.

The basic format for an electronic book citation is:

Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year of Publication). Title of book chapter (if applicable). Title

of book. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher. DOI (if available) / Retrieved from

http://www.webaddressofbookpublisher.com (if no DOI)

Note:The first author is S.C. McQuade III. If your author is a Jr./Sr./IV/etc.,

enter them as Last Name, First Initial., Middle Initial., Suffix,. See also firstexample on p. 7 (Lyall & Van Natta).


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2. Edited Book

Youngblood-Coleman, D. & Azevedo, M. A. (Eds.). (2007). Burundi 2007 country

review: Political conditions. Houston, TX: CountryWatch. Retrieved

from http://www.countrywatch.com

3. Group/Agency as Author

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of

mental disorders(5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. doi:10.1176/

appi.books.9780890425596

4. Work in an Anthology (Viewpoint & Point/Counterpoint articles)

Bernstein, S. (2002). Filtering software can limit childrens access to internet

pornography. In H. Cothran (Ed.), Pornography. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press.

Retrieved from http://www.gale.cengage.com/greenhaven/

Sprague, N. (2009). Counterpoint: The Baby Boom generation is bankrupting the U.S.

Social Security and Medicare programs. In Points of view: Baby boomers.

Washington, DC: Great Neck. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com

1. General Encyclopedia (Print)2. General Encyclopedia (Electronic)3. Specialized Encyclopedia (Print)4. Specialized Encyclopedia (Electronic)

Citing Reference Books

Note: For 2 or more editors, use(Eds.). For 1 editor, use (Ed.)Note: No comma!

Note: This work was accessed through the Opposing Viewpoints in Contextbut this is the web address of the books publisher Greenhaven Press.

Note: This book was accessed throughCountryWatch and this is their webaddress since they are the publisher.

Note: This book has a DOI so it isincluded after the publisher information.

The basic format for a Reference Book citation is:

Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year of Publication). Title of chapter or entry. In Editor First Initial. Editor

Last Name (Ed.), Title of book(edition, volume, page number(s) if applicable and available). Place of

Publication: Name of Publisher. DOI (if available) / Retrieved from

http://www.webaddressofbookpublisher.com (if no DOI)

Note:When there is no authorbegin all citationswith the Titleof the chapter or entry and follow thatwith the Publication Dateinformation and thenproceed with the rest of the citation as it is laid out.

See Abbreviations section on p. 2.


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1. General Encyclopedia (Print)

Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia britannica(Vol. 26,

pp. 501-508). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica.

Note:For a well-known general encyclopedia: do not list editors, list the volume number.

When no author is listed:

North pole. (1996). InEncyclopedia americana

(Vol. 20, p. 449). Danbury,

CT: Grolier.

2. General Encyclopedia (Electronic)

Vorhaus, L. J. (2011). Pathology. In Encyclopedia americana. Retrieved from

http://ea.grolier.com

Note: To get the author, publication date and URL information you need for this citation, see thecopyright notice at the bottom of each online article.

3. Specialized Encyclopedia (Print)

Nagoshi, C. T. (1994). Behavioral genetics. In V.S. Ramachandran (Ed.),

Encyclopedia of human behavior(Vol. 1, pp. 345-357). San Diego, CA:

Academic Press.

Note:For a specialized encyclopedia: list editor(s); list the volume number only if more than one volume.

4. Specialized Encyclopedia (Electronic)

Follow this example for articles from reference books from Gale Virtual Reference Library, CREDOReference, Opposing Viewpoints in Context, Business Insights: Essentials, Salem Science,History, & Health and Health Reference CenterAcademic.

See Electronic Books (#4Work in an Anthology on p. 4) for how to cite Viewpoint andPoint/Counterpoint articlesfrom Opposing Viewpoints in Context and Points of View Reference Center.

Rielly, E. J. (2008). Negro leagues. In R. M. Juang & N. Morrissette (Eds.),Africa and

the Americas: Culture, politics, and history. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

Retrieved from http://www.abc-clio.com/

Schulhofer, S. J. (2002). Corpus delicti. In J. Dressler (Ed.), Encyclopedia of crime and

justice(2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 266-267). New York, NY: Macmillan Reference

USA. Retrieved from http://www.gale.cengage.com/macmillan/

Note:Always insert the word Inbefore the editors/book title.


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2. Pub. date1. Author

Print articlesDonot include Step Two retrieval information (web address) if you found an article in print. Alwaysinclude a DOI if your article comes with one (for articles found online orin print).

All database article citations have TWOsteps.

First,you cite the article and it follows this general format:

Newspaper article:

Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year, Month Day of Publication). Title of the article.

Title of the Source, p. (or pp.) Page number(s).

Magazine article:

Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year, Month Day of Publication). Title of the article.

Title of the Source, Volume number, Page number(s).

Journal article:

Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year of Publication). Title of the article. Title of

the Source, Volume number(Issue Number), Page number(s).

Second,you cite the location from which you retrieved the article with the followinggeneral format:

doi:[DOI number]

OR

Retrieved from http://www.newspaper_or_magazine_or_journalhomepage.com

When you put the entire citation together, it looks like this (this is a magazine article accessedthrough the Business Insights: Essentials):

Gibbs, L. (2003, August 1). A Kodak moment. Money, 32,40. Retrieved

from http://money.cnn.com/

Newspaper, Magazine & Journal Article ExamplesFrom: General/Academic OneFile, Academic Search Complete, PsycARTICLES,

CINAHL, Opposing Viewpoints In Context, ScienceDirect, etc.

3. Article title 4. Source6. Page #(s)

7. Web address for Money magazine

5. Volume number

StepOne:

StepTwo:

Note:An issuenumber is notrequired if a

journal hascontinuous

pagination. Note:Nocomma or space between volume number andissue numberfor journals with separate pagination.

Note:When there is no authorbeginall citations with the Titleof the articleand follow that with the PublicationDateinformation and then proceed withthe rest of the citation as it is laid out.

Cont inuou s paginat ionis when the pages of the first issue of a journal go from 1-62 (for example) and the nextissue starts with page 63. Separate pagin ationis when the page numbers start over with page 1 for each issue ofthe volume. With separate pagination the issue number needs to be included in parentheses after the volumenumber. The volume number is in italics, but the parentheses and the issue number are not italicized, e.g., 45(2).Please feel free to ask questions or double check your citations with a librarian.

Note:If your magazine is published monthjust provide (Year, Month(s) of Publication)See magazine examples next page.


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NewspaperArticle

Lyall, S., & Van Natta, D., Jr. (2011, July 18). Tabloid scandal topples leader at

Scotland Yard. New York Times, p. A1. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/

Painter, K. (2009, August 24). Asthma fears go to college. USA Today, p. 4D. Retrieved

from http://www.usatoday.com/

Magazine Article

Eco-friendly pet products. (2011, July-August). Saturday Evening Post, 283, 13.

Retrieved from http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/

Marder, A. (2001, July). Help for hip dysplasia. Prevention, 53, 179-180, 182. Retrieved

from http://www.prevention.com/health/

Journal Article - Issues Paginated Continuously

Carlson, G. A., Potegal, M., Margulies, D., Gutkovich, Z., & Basile, J. (2009). Rages

What are they and who has them? Journal of Child and Adolescent

Psychopharmacology, 19, 281-288.

doi:10.1089/cap.2008.0108

Recupero, P. R. (2008). Forensic evaluation of problematic Internet use. Journal of the

American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law,36, 505-514. Retrieved from

http://www.jaapl.org/

Suggs, J. A., Beam, E. W., Biggs, D. E., Collins, W., Jr., Dusenbury, M. R., MacLeish,

P. P., . . . Smith, D. J. (2002). Guidelines and resources for conducting an

environmental crime investigation in the United States. Environmental

Forensics, 3,91-113. doi:10.1006/enfo.2002.0084

Note:This

article hasmore thansevenauthorsSee GeneralRules p. 1

Note:All of the article examples in this section were found using library databases,such as CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, ScienceDirect, Academic OneFile, and others.

Note:This article has no author, so it begins with the title (see note on previous page).


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Journal Article - Issues Paginated Separately

Bleaken, D. (2010). Botwars: The fight against criminal cyber networks. Computer

Fraud & Security, 2010(5), 17-19. doi:10.1016/S1361-3723(10)70055-5

McDonald, M. V., King, L. J., Moodie, M., & Feldman, P. H. (2008). Exploring diabetic

care deficiencies and adverse events in home healthcare.Journal for Healthcare

Quality, 30(6), 5-12. Retrieved from http://www.nahq.org/journal/

1. Basic Website2. Online Video/Video Blog3. Online Graphic Data (maps/charts/graphs)4. Article in an Electronic Magazine5. Article in an Electronic Journal

The basic format for citing an internet source (web page) is:

Note 1: Any one website may not provide all of the listed items; use what you have.Note 2: Begin a citation with the author's name. If no author is given, begin the citation with the title of the web page,

and list the date after it.Note 3: If no date of publication or creation is given on the web page, use the abbreviation n.d. in its place. When

possible, provide Year, Month Day of publication with electronic newspapers, magazines, podcasts, andonline videos.

1. Basic Website

Page with author and dates of page given:

Warren, N. (2000). Facts about the American opossum. Retrieved from

http://www.nyopossum.org/facts.htm

Page with no author, and no date given:

Opossum nutrition. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nyopossum.org/food.html

Group/Agency as author:

U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance. (2001).

Emerging issues on privatized prisons. Retrieved from http://www.ncjrs.org/

pdffiles1/bja/181249.pdf

Citing Web Resources

volume issuepage

Author. (Publication year). Title of web page. Retrieved from web address

Note:For long web addresses, split them after a / mark.


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2. Online Video/Video Blog (YouTube, GoogleVideos, etc.)

Sarahnursing3. (2008, November 12). Pediatric respiratory assessment[Video file].

Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AS1vhEXZF7Y

3. Online Graphic Data(maps/charts/graphs)

Eise, J. (2012). Record daily high temperatures: NationwideJune 2012[Chart].

Retrieved from http://www.crh.noaa.gov/images/crh/climate/

RecordHighTemperaturesJune2012.pdf

4. Article in an Electronic Magazine

Klein, A. (2013, May 21). I should have frozen my eggs. Slate.Retrieved from

http://www.slate.com

5. Article in an Electronic Journal

Morken, G., & Linaker, O. M. (2000). Seasonal variations of violence in Norway.

American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1674-1678. Retrieved from

http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org

Queen. (1992). Bohemian rhapsody. On Classic Queen[CD]. Burbank, CA: Hollywood

Records.

Schroder, B. (Director). (1992). Single white female[DVD]. United States: Columbia

Pictures.

Weiten, W. (2003). PsykTrek 2.0: A multimedia introduction to psychology

[Computer software]. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Citing Multi-Media Resources(CDs, CD-ROMs, DVDs, etc.)

Note:For basic websites include complete web addresses.For newspapers, magazines and journal articles, only givethe web address of the publications homepage.


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Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)

U.S. Const. amend. VIII.

U.S. Const. art. I 8.

Note:All citations of the U.S. Constitution begin with U.S. Const., followed by an abbreviation of the part

you are citing; amendment (amend.), article (art.), clause (cl.), preamble (pmbl.), or section(). List articleand amendment numbers in Roman numerals (I, II, III) and section and clause numbers in Arabicnumerals (1, 2, 3). If you are referring to a part of the Constitution that has been repealed or amended,include the year that the part in question was repealed or amended in parentheses.

Follow this example for citing class Power Point slides, Word documents, etc., from your professor.

Wahlstrom, C. (2012). Title of notes. Class notes.

Note:Click on the More icon to find necessary citation information such as dates, editors, complete booktitles and software version information. Always end citations with the Skyscapes version statement.

Acetaminophen. (2006). In A. M. Van Leeuwen, T. R. Kranpitz & L. S. Smith (Eds.),

Daviss comprehensive handbook of laboratory diagnostic tests with nursing

implications(version 9.0.8/2008.05.12) [Skyscapes Constellation Plus version].

Citing PDA Software(Palm, iPod Touch, BlackBerry, etc.)

1. Entry title. 2.Year of Publication. 3. Editors. Use (Ed.) for one editor.

4. Title of publication. 5. Software version. 6. Software provider.

Citing Legal Materials

Citing Course Materials


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The APA style of parenthetical citation includes the authors last nameand the year of publication. Apage number or section name/headingis only required when you are quoting the exact words from asource.

Direct quotations

A page number isalwaysincluded when material is copied word for word from a source. Someelectronic sources (websites) do not provide page numbers. See section 7. Work withoutPage Numbers(on p. 13) for examples. Some electronic articles, (those found in AcademicOneFile and other library databases) will include a PDF version of the text. If so, use the pagenumber from the PDF version of the document. Use pp. for multi-page citations.

Life around us exceeds in complexity and beauty anything else humanity is ever

likely to encounter (Wilson, 1996, p. 25).

Paraphrased material

You are encouragedto include a page number when material is paraphrased (i.e., stated in

your own words instead of copied word for word) but it is not required.

Format of in-text citations in your paper

There are two ways to cite anothers work. One way puts the authors last name and the year ofpublication (and page number, when needed) in parentheses at the end of the sentence. Thesecond way is to include the authors last name as part of your sentence and put the year ofpublication in parentheses right after the authors last name(and the page number at the end ofthe sentence in parentheses, when needed, see 2. Work with Two Authors example b on p. 12).Either way is correct. Just be sure to include page numbers whenappropriate.

1. Work with One Author

2. Work with Two Authors3. Work with Three to Five Authors4. Work with Six or More Authors5. Authors with the Same Last Name6. Work with No Author

7. Work without Page Numbers

8. Work with No Date9. Citing a Secondary Source10. Long Quotations11. Classical or Religious Works12. Citing Music Recordings

1. Work with One Author

a.) Dust plays a larger role in our lives than we realize (Holmes, 2001, p. 5).

OR

b.) Holmes (2001) points out that, the Milky Way is home to about four thousand

giant dust clouds, and many more smaller clots(pp. 18-19).

Note:If you cite the same author again inthe same paragraphyou dont need to include the year aslong as it cant be confused with another work. (Ex. The role of dust in asthma is being reevaluated(Holmes, 2001). Holmes also mentions)

Parenthetical (In-Text) Citation

Author is mentioned here and so does not have to be repeated within parentheses.

Paraphrase example

Direct quotation example


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2. Work with Two AuthorsCite both names every time. In a sentence use the word and but use the symbol & within parentheses.

a.) Drugs have been found to help with depression (Larkin & Smith, 1998, p. 23).

OR

b.) Larkin and Smith (1998) discussed the use of drugs to help depression (p.

23).

3. Work with Three to Five AuthorsCite all authors the first time.

Customer service is very important to many people (Meuter, Ostrom, Roundtree,

& Bitner, 2000, p. 74).

The second and any additional times, only cite the first author followed by et al.

Customer service was studied by sending out surveys (Meuter et al., 2000, p.

76).

4. Work with Six or More AuthorsCite the last name of the first author followed by et al. and the year for every citation, unless more thanone work would be shortened to the same last name. If more than one work would be shortened to thesame last name then include as many names as necessary to distinguish them.

If you have two or more references like this:

Warren, Hagelberger, Mullen, Dumuhosky, and Cronise (2010)

Warren, Hagelberger, Francis, Asmus, Bartl, and Keppel (2010)

Cite them like this:

Warren, Hagelberger, Mullen, et al. (2010) and Warren, Hagelberger, Francis, et

al. (2010) studied the effects of soymilk on cats.

5. Authors with Same Last NameAdd the first name initial to differentiate between authors with the same last name.

(A. Smith, 1999)

(T. Smith, 2003)

Note:No comma is needed before etal. when et al. follows a single name.

Note:A comma comes before et al.when et al. follows multiple names.


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6. Work with No AuthorCite the first two or three words of the title and capitalize each word of your shortened version. Place theshort title in quotation marks if it is an article, web page or book chapter, or italicize it if it is a book orperiodical. Include the year of publication followed by a page number.

Experts saybad dreams are a normal part of childhood (How To Deal,

1999, p. 40).

(Note:The full title of the article was How to deal with your childs bumps in the night.)

7. Work without Page NumbersWhen a website or article does not include page numbers and no PDF is available, include the heading ofthe section from which you are citing and count to find the number of the paragraph in order to direct thereader to the exact location of your quote.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(5th ed.;

DSM-V; American Psychiatric Association, 2013, Diagnostic Features, para. 2)

the individual actually gets out of bed and may walk into closets, out of the room,

up and down stairs, and even out of buildings.

If the section name/heading is too long, use a short title, capitalizing every word, enclosed in quotationmarks:

Some individuals with sleepwalking also report episodes of eating during the

night (5th ed.; DSM-V; American Psychiatric Association, 2013, Associated

Descriptive, para. 1).

(Note:The full title of the heading was Associated descriptive features and mental disorders.)

8. Work with No DateWhen a web page/site does not include a publication year use the abbreviation (n.d.) for no date.

Its very important to mimic the natural diet of opossums and you should not feed

them pet food made for cats or dogs (Opossum Nutrition, n.d.).

9. Citing a Secondary SourceCronise is the author of the book/article you read and Hagelberger is the author of the theory you areciting. Hagelberger gets credit for creating the theory, but Cronise gets credit because it was in hisbook/article that you found information about Hagelbergers theory.

In-text:

Hagelbergerstheory of feline behavior (as cited in Cronise, 2011, p. 216) was

revolutionary in its time.


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References page:

Cronise, J. (2011). The practical cat: A guide to feline antics and behavior. New York:

OConnell Press.

10. Long QuotationsIf you are quoting 40 or more words, use a block quote style. Notice that the block of text is indented halfan inch, the quote is given without quotation marks and the page number is given after the period.

Holmes (2001) informs us that:

Every time you inhale, thousands upon thousands of motes swirl into your body.

Some lodge in the maze of your nose. Some stick to your throat. Others find

sanctuary deep in your lungs. By the time you have read this far, you may have

inhaled 150,000 of these worldly specksif you live in one of the cleanest

corners of the planet. (p. 5)

11. Classical or Religious WorksWhen using classical works such as the Bible or Quran, onlycite them in the text of your paper by listing the versionyou used and the book, chapter, verse, line and/or canto.

1 Cor. 13:1 (Revised Standard Version)

(Quran 5:34)

12. Citing Music RecordingsInclude side and band or track numbers.

Bohemian Rhapsody (Queen, 1992, track 2).

This Stylesheet provides examples of references for some common information sources, butyou may need to consult the full Publication Manual to see how to cite other kinds of documentsand resources.

A copy of the Publicat ion Manual of the American Psychologic al Associat ion(6th ed.,

2009) REF BF 76.7 .P83 2010 is available at the Alfred C. OConnell Library.

For help in deciding what is responsible writing and what is plagiarism, see the followingwebsites:http://owl.engl ish.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/or

http: / /www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamph lets/plagiar ism.shtm l

Contact a GCC librarian or visit the APA (American Psychological Association) website athttp://www.apastyle.org/apa-style-help.aspx to find help using APA style.

For More Information
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtmlhttp://www.apastyle.org/apa-style-help.aspxhttp://www.apastyle.org/apa-style-help.aspxhttp://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtmlhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/


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Your professor may prefer specific variations to the way your in-text and References citationslook, which may differ from the way they are presented in this guide.

Always consult your professor to learn if he/she has any special requirements forcitations.

Center the title (capitalizing allimportant words). On the next lineinclude your name and then on thenext line, put the name of the college.

Use a variety of signal phrases tointroduce articles in the text of yoursentence (An article in,According to, As explained in)instead of always usingparentheses at the end of your

Repeat the title (capitalizing allimportant words) at the top of thefirst page of the text of the paper.

To insert your header, go to the Inserttab, click on Page Number, choose Top of Page, andthen Plain Number 3. Put a checkmark next to Different First Page before you type anything(the page number will disappear). Reselect Page Number, Top of Page, Plain Number 3.Type Running head: YOUR SHORTENED TITLE, then tab to move it over. Scroll down topage 2 and next to the page number type YOUR SHORTENED TITLE and tab it over.

Sample Paper Pages

If your instructor requires one,include an Abstract after the titlepage and before the paper proper.

If your instructor requires anAuthor Note, it goes at thebottom of the title page.Follow your instructorsdirections for what to put in it.


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The Referenceslist includes all the sources usedin the research and writing of your paperand should be double-spacedand in alphabetical orderby the authors last names (or by titlewhen no author is given).

Your professor may prefer specific variations to the way your in-text and References citationslook, which may differ from the way they are presented in this guide.

Always consult your professor to learn if he/she has any special requirements forcitations.

For more help with what an APA style paper should look like, please see our entiresample paper at:http://www.genesee.edu/library/assets/File/APAsample.pdfor thesample APA paper from the OWL at Purdue at:http://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090212013008_560.pdf

Questions? Contact a Librarian:

In Person Library Information Desk

Phone 585-343-0055 Ext. 6419

Email Click on Email from the librarys web page

Chat Click on Chat onlinefrom the librarys web page

Note that the word References isnotunderlined, notboldface, and

notin quotation marks.

When you haveno author, youalphabetize bythe first major titleword ignoring A,And, and The.

For More Information

Sample References
http://www.genesee.edu/library/assets/File/APAsample.pdfhttp://www.genesee.edu/library/assets/File/APAsample.pdfhttp://www.genesee.edu/library/assets/File/APAsample.pdfhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090212013008_560.pdfhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090212013008_560.pdfhttp://www.genesee.edu/library/assets/File/APAsample.pdf

a pa stylesheet

Documents