a path toward proliferated space traffic · 2020. 4. 3. · hears signal 2. astronomer starts...

Use of U.S. DoD visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement.

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A PATH TOWARD PROLIFERATED SPACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT THROUGH MODULAR TCPED SYSTEMS

FEBRUARY 2020 Waqar Zaidi, Principal Orbit Analyst

L3HARRIS NON-EXPORT CONTROLLED

Outline

• L3Harris Overview

• Space Traffic Management and Space Domain Awareness

• L3Harris SpaceSentry Modular TCPED System

• L3Harris Space-based Space Domain Awareness

• SDA Message Handling System

• A Path Towards Proliferated Space Traffic Management

• Consolidated (Space Domain Awareness) Operations Data Archive

• Proliferated Space Traffic Management

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Engineers ('000s)

~20.0~24.0

L3Harris – committed to excellence

Strong customer relationships

Global scale in ~130 countries

Talent and culture of innovation

Diversified business mix

32%

68%

72%

28%

Prime

Sub

Cost Plus

Fixed Price

L3Harris Technologies is an agile global aerospace and defense technology innovator, delivering end-to-end solutions that meet customers’ mission-critical needs. The company provides advanced defense and commercial technologies across air, land, sea, space and cyber domains. L3Harris has approximately $18 billion in annual revenue and 50,000 employees, with customers in 130 countries. L3Harris.com.

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23%

DoD 56%

Other21%

International

U.S.


Four mission- aligned segments

Ground and airborne communications and network systems for U.S./International militaries, and commercial customers

Headquarters Rochester, New York

$3.9B

Communication Systems

Dana Mehnert President, Communication Systems

$3.8B

Mission solutions for space and airborne domain with defense, intelligence and commercial applications

Headquarters Palm Bay, Florida

Space & Airborne Systems

Ed Zoiss President, Space & Airborne Systems

$3.9B$4.0B

Leading technology integrator to U.S. and international militaries for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR), airborne and maritime platforms

Headquarters Palm Bay, Florida

Integrated Mission Systems

Sean Stackley President, Integrated Mission Systems

$3.9B$4.9B

Commercial and military aviation solutions, systems, networks and pilot training

Headquarters Arlington, Texas

Aviation Systems

Todd Gautier President, Aviation Systems

$3.9B$3.8B

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LOCATIONS IN

COUNTRIES

Global footprint

5

3050KEMPLOYEES

~ ~400LOCATIONS

~ CUSTOMERS IN

COUNTRIES

130~


U.S. Air Force SENSOR Program

• Modernization of Optical/Radar Sensors & C2 Systems

• Customers: – US Air Force Space Command – US Strategic Command

• Contract: – Period of Performance: 18 years – 1330 Projects Delivered – Staff: 550+ Personnel

• Primary Tasks: – SSA Sensor System Enterprise Integration – GEODSS SSA Optical System Modernization – Eglin & Globus II SSA Radar System Modernization – Sustaining Engineering Services – Mission Engineering – Data Processing and Analytics – C2 Systems Operational Support – Contractor Logistics Support – Cybersecurity Engineering

Increasing Tactical Utility Through Sustainment


Space Traffic Management & Space Domain Awareness

• 22,000+ objects (orbits) in the current catalog of satellites − 15,000 of known national origin

• 5% are functioning payloads • 95% are inert objects:

− Dead payloads, rocket bodies, fragments

• Space Traffic Management planning and coordination of activities that enhance sustainability of operations in the space environment

• Space Domain Awareness exploitation of intelligence to identify, locate, and track potential threats to on-orbit space systems

• Nations continue to invest significant resources into civil and national space missions – amplifies need for their protection

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• Importance of native, self-sustainable Space Domain Awareness systems vital to Space Traffic Management

• No viable Multinational Solution is arising from UN, NATO, EU, Academia, or individual nations in the foreseeable future

Proliferated Space Traffic Management requires a trusted innovative leader to

openly exchange and validate SDA data


L3Harris SpaceSentry Modular TCPED System

• Provides avenue to participate in both Space Domain Awareness and Space Traffic Management

• Modular interface allows adaptation of native sensors and algorithms into processing chain

• Allows for rapid innovation

• Baseline designed with 6 Wide Field-of-View (WFOV) and 4 Narrow Field of View (NFOV) sensors

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NFOV WFOV

Active Sensor Response

Sensor Tasking and Scheduling Orbit Estimation

Orbit State & Uncertainty Prediction

Conjunction Assessment &

Patterns of Life

Tasking Collection Processing Exploitation Dissemination

A Complete End-to-End Space Domain Awareness Processing Chain


L3Harris Space Domain Awareness Data → Analytics

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NFOV

WFOV

Same set of images!

Sam

e R

ende

zvou

s Eve

nt!

UCT

Tasking Collection Processing

State-of-the-art Image Processing producing

pristine orbit states

Uncorrelated Track (UCT)

Right Ascension, deg Declination, deg

WFOV

UCT UCT

UCT

GEO#2

GEO#3

GEO#1


L3Harris Space Domain Awareness Data → Analytics

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Uncontrolled GEOs!

East-West Maneuvers

North-South Maneuvers

Patterns of Life WFOV sensors have the advantage to provide continuous (weather

permitted) coverage of the life of an active space object

Conjunction Assessment

Correlation between visual and spatial

collision risk

DisseminationDissemination

Col

lisio

n Pr

obab

ility

Lon

gitu

de, d

egIn

clin

atio

n, d

eg

EUTE 36A

EUTE 28B

“Classification of Geosynchronous Objects”. ESA’s Space Debris Office. GEN-DB-LOG-00211-OPS-GR. Issue 20. 28 May 2018.


Astronautical Message Handling System (AstroMHS)

• This image depicts connections between all airports around the world

• Air Traffic Management Data is seamlessly handed off from one commercial or government entity (depending on the country) to the next on the Aeronautical Message Handling System (AMHS)

• The AMHS uses what are called Notices to Airmen (NOTAM) that alert aircraft pilots of potential hazards along a flight route or at a location that could affect the safety of the flight

• In a 2018 British Interplanetary Society Journal paper, L3Harris introduced the concept of an Astronautical Message Handling System (AstroMHS) for proliferated Space Traffic Management

• At the Sprint Advanced Concept Training (SAC-T) 19.3 Event, Notices to Space Operators (NOTSOs) were used to exchange data between participants

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Provide an avenue for sharing and fusing space object information with a common goal to maintain an open space object catalog to

keep outer space safe


Notices to Space Operators (NOTSOs)

• Conjunction Data Messages, Orbit Data Message, Orbit Ephemeris Messages → NOTSO • Potential to use Blockchain as a “distributed ledger” that records the life of a RSO from

launch to deorbit • Enables insurance companies to perform “conjunction forensics”

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Notices to Space Operators

Orbit Ephemeris Message

Transaction

Conjunction Data Message

Transaction

Orbit Data Message

Transaction


A Path Towards Proliferated Space Traffic Management

• Modular TCPED systems provide Space Domain Awareness using native or commercial sensors

• Academic, civilian, and industrial entities all contribute data for transparency

• Increases indigenous SDA knowledge through university research

• An open catalog is formed accessible by the same entities

• MoD, DoD has access to this catalog but does not have to control its processing or dissemination

• Can we trust the data? Can we verify the data?

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Academia Civilian

Industry

Space Object Catalog

Trust Validate

Elu

cida

te

A National Space Traffic Management Paradigm


An Example of Trust, but Verify

Courtesy of Warner Brothers.

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1. Astronomer hears signal

2. Astronomer starts yelling out Ra/Dec to team

Can nations simultaneously share Space Traffic Management (STM) data on a

similar two-way messaging system and have its veracity checked?

3. A Candidate Signal is Detected

4. Astronomers run a “Correlator Status”

5. Astronomers call Australia to verify signal


L3Harris Consolidated (Space Domain Awareness) Operations Data Archive

• Data trustworthiness for Space Domain Awareness is a concern in the operations community • CODA leverages the following metrics to perform data integrity checks:

– Pre-fit residuals for predicted error consistency – Post-fit residuals for estimation robustness – Combinatorial data fits to examine solution consistency – State overlap differences for independent estimate consistency – Mahalanobis metrics for independent estimate consistency

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Data Quality Service

CODA Alert & Monitoring

System

User Interface

Coordinate Normalizer

Correlation

REST Import Service

REST Export Service

L3Harris SpaceSentry

Unified Data Library (UDL)

Direct Providers

Sensor Evaluation

Unified Data Library (UDL)


Proliferated Space Traffic Management

• Decentralize orbit estimation and conjunction assessment calculations • Allow nations to collaborate and contribute to Space Traffic Management activity:

– Country A performs an orbit update and pushes observations and force modeling assumptions to AstroMHS – Country B updates orbit with its own observations and using the same force modeling and data standards – Country A detects a conjunction – Country B performs tip and cue and verifies conjunction activity

• Allow each nation to perform calculations by using a common standard that is passed through the AstroMHS • Each nation that contributes its own Space Domain Awareness data can be involved at the Space Traffic

Management policy level

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AstroMHS

Active RSO Catalog

Active Conjunctions

Orbit Estimation Assumptions

Force Modeling Assumptions

International TCPED System

(Existing or Commercially Built)

International Data Conditioning System

Orbit Ephemeris Message

Conjunction Data Message

Orbit Data Message

Performs Sensor Tasking, Image Processing, Orbit Estimation, Maneuver Characterization/Detection, Conjunction Assessment, etc.

Performs Data Validation and Quality CheckingAllows a nation to provide

meaningful Space Domain Awareness data

NOTSO

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a path toward proliferated space traffic · 2020. 4. 3. · hears signal 2. astronomer starts...

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