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STUDY

ENERGY EFFICIENCY ADN

BIOMASS POTENTIAL ANALYSIS

PURCHASER: UNDP - SERBIA

OBJECT: PUBLIC BUILDINGS

INVESTOR:

LOCATION: Municipality: Kuĉevo

DOCUMENT: STUDY

RECORD NO.: SI - 06 / 2012

DATE: 15.11.2012.

PLACE: NOVI SAD

PERPETRATOR:

RESPONSIBLE DESIGNER:

Bratislav Milenković B. Sc. Mech. Eng.

PROJECT MANAGER:

Ph. D. Todor Janić

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Kaće Dejanović 52

21000 Novi Sad

Serbia

Mob: +381-64-160-99-96

Phone: +381-21-496-320

Fax: +381-21-496-320

E-mail: [email protected]

The contracting authority of study:

UNDP – Srbija, Internacionalnih Brigada 69, Beograd

Title of the study:

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND BIOMASS POTENTIAL ANALYSIS

Authors of the study:

Prof. dr Todor Janić, Ph.D.

Bratislav Milenković, B. Sc. Mech. Eng.

Prof. dr Miladin Brkić, Ph.D.

Zoran Janjatović, B. Sc. Agro Ecc.

Msc. Darijan Pavlović, M. Sc. Agro Ecc.

Jelena Vurdelja, B. Sc. Agro Ecc.

Ivan Tot, dipl. ing, B. Sc. Agro Ecc.

1

CONTENT

REWIEW OF TABLE 3

REVIEWOF FIGURES 5

TASK 1 – Analysis of the available biomass energy resources in Munucipality of Kuĉevo 7

1.1. Analysis of available biomass resources in the municipality of Kuĉevo and quantitative

aspects of thermal energy that can be used for energy purposes 7

1.2 Type, form and price of available biomass as an energy source 13

TASK 2 – Analysis of thermal energy required in selected facilities for public use 24

2.1. The choice of public facilities in Kuĉevo location that will be heated by biomass 24

2.2 Technical features of the heating system with heat loss analysis overview for selected

public facilities in Kuĉevo municipality 27

2.2.1. Primary School „Veljko Dugoševiće“ u Turiji 27

2.3.Analysis of the measures for the increase of energy efficiency in buildings for public

use 33

2.3.1 Power consumption in coplex ES„Veljko Dugošević“ in Turiji andsuggestions of

practical measures for increasing the energy efficiency of facility 34

TASK 3 – Techno-economic analysisfor thermal facility which uses biomass as a fuel, for

heating chosen buildings 42

3.1.Technologyof available biomass form combustion 42

3.2. Selection of combustion technologies and technical solutions for the thermal power

plants and defining the maximum boiler plant thermal power for continuous heating of

public buildings 42

3.3. Definingthe optimalplacefor the construction ofthermal powerplants(with

thetechnical,economic and environmentalaspects) 43

3.4. Technical description of the biomass boiler facility (thermo-technical equipment, boiler

room, hot water piping) with the extended bill of quantities for the Kuĉevo municipality,

along with the expected energy and ecology efficiency 44

3.4.1. Expected energy efficiency and ecological efficiency for biomass combustion in

boiler facilities 47

3.4.2. Marginal values of gas emission for specific types of furnaces 49

3.5. Necessary amount of biomass for hourly and seasonal work of the boiler facility 51

3.5.1. Hourly consumption of biomass 51

2

3.5.2. Seasonal consumption of biomass 51

3.6. Economic analyses of construction the heating facility 53

3.6.1. Current price of the heating energhy from the used components 53

3.6.2. Financial effectiveness with the profitability analyses 54

3.6.3. Economic evaluation of the project 66

3.6.4. Summarized economic feasibility investment evaluation 67

3.7. Conclusions 68

3.8. Literature 72

4. APPENDIX 76

3

REWIEW OF TABLE

Table 1. Overview of biomass obtained from cereal and industrial crop production in Kuĉevo

municipality (Municipalities and regions of the Republic of Serbia (2011))

Table 2. Overview of biomass obtained from orchards and vineyards in Kuĉevo municipality

Table 3. Energy potential from manure in Kuĉevo municipality

Table 4. Biomass productionin forestryandwood industry (m3)

Table 5. Communal waste availability in Kuĉevo municipality

Table 6. Biomass type, amounts available, usage percent, equivalent amounts of liquid fuel

and savings amount.

Table 7. Prices of different forms of biomass bales

Table 8. Price of briquettes from agricultural biomass 400 gr/com.

Table 9. The price of pellets from agricultural biomass 20 gr/com.

Table 10. Chips from waste woodfrom the forest and cut fire wood second class

Table 11. The pelletsfrom wastewoodfrom theforest andcutfire woodsecond class - 20 gr/com.

Table 12. List of companies engaged in the production and distribution of pellets

Table 13. Transport costs of pellets from producer to municipalities Kuĉevo (Turija)

Table 14. View of room heat lossof the school building

Table 15. Display summaries of the complex ES "Veljko Dugošević" in Turija

Table 16. Display power consumption based on kWh

Table 17. Display seasonal fuel consumption of the existing boiler and the savings that can be

achieved by applying technical - organizational measures to increase efficiency

Table 18. Possible harmful effects of certain elements and corrective technologicalmeasures

Table 19. Maximum allowed levels (MAL) of smoke gases in air for work and life

environment (SRPS Z.BO 001)

Table 20. Borderline emission values (BEV) for small solid fuel combustion facilites

(Regulation, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 71/2010)

Table 21. Marginal values of emissions(MVE) for small facilities for the combustion of gas

fuel (Regulation, “Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia”, no 71/2010)

4

Table 22. Marginal values of emissions (MVI) of gases, soot, suspended particles and

heavy metals, sediment andaerosediment content, (Rulebook, “Official Gazette of the

Republic of Serbia”, no 54/92, 30/99 and 19/2006)

Table 23. Analyses of the quantity and prices of heating energy for the period 2011/2012

Table 24. Structure of the total investment

Table 25. Cost projection of 1kWh of required energy

Table 26. Income statement - current operations

Table 27. Projected income statement - first year of operations

Table 28. Depreciation calculation

Table 29. Financial cash-flow

Table 30. Loan repayment plan

Table 31. Economic flow of the project

Table 32. Time of return of investments

Table 33. Internal rate of return calculation

Table 34. Relative net present value calculation

Table 35. Profitability break even point

Table 36. Dynamic sensitivity analyses

Table 37. Potential risk analyses

Table 38. Anylizes of the cost savings vs. new investments

5

REVIEWOF FIGURES

Figure 1. The position of the municipality Kuĉevo compared with other municipalities of

Braniĉevo district

Figure 2. Structure of the savings that can be achieved in the municipality Kuĉevo using

biomass

Figure 3. Direcorate of Public communal enterprise Kuĉevo building

Figure 4. House of Culture“Veljko Dugošević” in Kuĉevo

Figure 5. Elementary school “Veljko Dugošević” in Turija

Figure 6. Exterior school wall, 45 cm thick

Figure 7. Exterior school wall, 30 cm thick

Figure 8. Exterior wall of the upgrade

Figure 9. Interior bearing wall

Figure 10. Interior dividing wall, 15 cm thick

Figure 11. Interior wall, 30 cm thick

Figure 12. Floor in the classrooms in the ground floor

Figure 13. Floor in the corridors in the ground floor

Figure 14. Floor in the upgraded part of the school, in the ground floor

Figure 15. Floor above the open area of the school

Figure 16. Floor on the story

Figure 17. Floor in the upgraded part on the story

Figure 18. Ceiling on the story

Figure 19. Ceiling in the upgraded part on the story

Figure 20. Windows in the school

Figure 21. School entrance

Figure 22. “ALFA PLAM” furnace, type “Vulkan”

Figure 23. “ALFA PLAM” furnace, type “Rustik”

Figure 24. Furnace in the classroom

Figure 25. Wood storage

6

Figure 26. Appropriateness of tehnological and tehnical solutions for biomass combustion

Figure 27. The schematics of the boiler facility wich burns wood pellets

Figure 28. Jumbo bag

Figure 29. Crain truck

7

TASK 1 – Analysis of the available biomass energy

resources in Munucipality of Kučevo

Inthis section – Task 1,it was necessary torealize theresearch ofthe literatureand field

workandthe resultsshowin a separatesection of the report.

In Task 1 need to do a detailed analysis biomass resources and potential as follows:

Provide an estimation of potential amount (quantity) of biomass available from forest,

wood industry, agriculture and food industry, which canbe usedfor energy purposes and

disaggregate per ownership typethat do not have damagingconsequences forthe

environment;

Provide an estimation of thermo-energy potentials of actual biomass potentials and

energy crops (including environment impact aspects);

Define dynamicsandformof collectingbiomass;

Propose location and storage methods for collected biomass;

Provide range of options for biomass utilization for energy purposes;

Provide a list of potential suppliers of biomass to boiler faciliti in accordadance with the

continuity of biomass production, type and quantity of available biomass, transportation

cost.

1.1. Analysis of available biomass resources in the municipality of Kučevo

and quantitative aspects of thermal energy that can be used for energy

purposes

Kuĉevo municipality is located in Eastern Serbia on the rim of Braniĉevo district (Figure 1),

coinciding with the middle of flow route of the river Pek. The river Pek and two important

roads transect the municipalities‟ territory. These roads are the M-24 road, Poţarevac -

Majdanpek – Negotin road and Beograd - Poţarevac - Majdanpek – Zajeĉar railway. Total

road length is 234 km.

The climate is humid continental with temperatures averaging at +11°C, the lowest being -

27°C and the highest +40°C. Annual precipitation amounts to 663-756 mm/year.

The center of the municipality is the city of Kuĉevo, with 25 villages located around it:

Blagojev Kamen, Brodica, Bukovska, Velika Bresnica, Voluja, Vuković, Duboka, Zelenik,

Kaona, Kuĉajna,Lješnica, Mala Bresnica, Mišljenovac, Mustapić, Neresnica, Rabrovo,

8

Ravnište, Radenka, Rakova Bara, Sena, Srpce, Turija, Ceremošnja, Cerovica and

Ševica.Kuĉevo city is located in the fertile Zviţd basin where southern slopes of

ZviţdMountains meet northern slopes of HomoljeMountains. According to 2011 census,

22.290 people live in 6.360 households, in 26 populated places. The city of Kuĉevo is the

biggest populated place in the area, representing at the same time the main administrative

center with 4.823 people in 2.218 households. The most important companies in the area are

‟‟Šik Kuĉevo‟‟ (wood industry), known for its waterproof plywood, and ‟‟USS Balkan‟‟,

leading stone and lime production plant in Serbia. Furthermore, an important factor in the

economy is agriculture, most importantly animal husbandry because of vast areas under

quality pastures.

Figure 1. The position of the municipality Kuĉevo compared with other municipalities of

Braniĉevo district

Agricultural land in Kuĉevo municipality is structured as follows:Arable land and gardens are

spread over 17.560 ha (cereals on 11.870 ha, industrial crops on 31 ha, vegetable farming on

571 ha, fodder crops on 2.603 ha, orchards on 2.348 ha and vineyards on 137 ha), meadows

over 8.773 ha and pastures over 7.421,6 ha. In total, it amounts to 32.215 ha. Forests strech

along 35.915 ha.

The share of major crops in the municipality of Kuĉevo sowing structure is shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Overview of biomass obtained from cereal and industrial crop production in Kuĉevo

municipality (Municipalities and regions of the Republic of Serbia (2011))

Crop Planted

area Average

yield Biomass

price Calorific

value Available energy

per year

Diesel to be

substituted per year

Fuel oil equivalent

(ha) (t/ha) (€/t) (MJ/t) (MJ) (t) (-)

Corn 6.600 5,4 41,9 13.500 48.114.0000 9.882,21 9.677,79

Wheat 4.150 3,2 34,9 14.000 185.920.000 3.818,64 3.739,65

Barley 1.100 3,0 35,2 14.200 46.860.000 962,46 942,56

Sunflower 20 1,9 38,5 14.500 1.102.000 22,63 22,17

TOTAL: 11.870 - - - 715.022.000 14.685,95 14382,17

9

As shown in Table 1, out of 17,560 ha allocated for agricultural production in Kuĉevo

municipality, leading crops which can be used for energy purpose are grown on 11.870 ha.

Leading crops are corn, wheat, barley and sunflower. Cornis planted on the majority of the

land, 6,600 ha exactly, followed by wheat on 4,150 ha, barley on 1,100 ha and sunflower on

20 ha. It is estimated that 52,296 t of crop biomass could be obtained annually from this area.

Average price of biomass is 39.75 €/t. Average calorific value of biomass is 13.651 kJ/kg. If

all of the available biomass should be converted to energy, it would yield 715,022,000 MJ,

with straw combustion energy efficiency coefficient of 0.80. Since diesel fuel has a calorific

value of 41 MJ/kg and the liquid fuel combustion energy efficiency coefficient is 0.95,

calculations show that this amount of biomass could substitute 14,685.95 t of diesel per year.

In order to convert these values and express them in fuel oil obtained from biomass per year, a

slightly higher calorific value of fuel must be used (41,866 MJ/kg). Thus, the amount of fuel

oil obtained from biomass would be 14,382.17 t per year. If diesel fuel price is assumed to be

1,36€/l or 1,60 €/kg, we come to an annual figure of 23,497,520 €. Sure enough, not all of the

available biomass would be used to produce heat energy, for several reasons: there is an

obligation to put some biomass back to the ground through plowing and thus increase soil

fertility, some of the biomass will be used for animal bedding, some of it for vegetable

farming and other purposes. Furthermore, it is assumed that 15% of the biomass could be used

for production of heat energy annually. This amounts to 7,844.4 t of biomass or 2,611.8 t of

fuel oil per year. Converted to money, the energy savings per year amount up to 4,178,884 €.

Table 2offers an overview of biomass production in orchards and vineyards.

Table 2. Overview of biomass obtained from orchards and vineyards in Kuĉevo municipality

Fruit and

grapevine

Planted

area

Number

of trees

Biomass

from pruning*

Biomas

s price

Calorifi

c value

Available

energy per year

Diesel to be


Fuel oil

equivalent

(ha) (kom) (t) (€/t) (MJ/t) (MJ) (t) (-)

Apple 33,4 26.250 96,4 35,50 15.300 1.474.968 30,29 29,67

Plum 501 290.000 1837,9 35,50 15.800 29.038.425 596,42 584,09

Grapevine 137 315.000 215,9 32,80 14.000 3.023.055 62,09 60,81

TOTAL: 671,4 631.250 2.150,2 - - 33.536.448 688,81 674,56 * In orchards, fruit to pruned biomass ratiois 1:0,325

* In vineyards, fruit to pruned biomass ratiois 1:0,457

Fruit and grapevine are grown in this municipality. Main cultures grown here are: apple, plum

and grapevine. Total area under orchards and vineyards is 534,4 ha and 137 ha, respectively.

It is estimated that 2,150.2 t of biomass could be obtained by pruning orchards and vineyards

per year (3.20 t/ha).If an average calorific value of pruned biomass is assumed to be 15,596.8

kJ/kg and the firebox efficiency is 80%, 33,536,448MJ of energy could be obtained. This

amount of energy could substitute 688.8 t of diesel fuel or 764.6 t of fuel oil. This means that

savings achieved from using pruned biomass from orchards and vineyards would be around

1,102,080€ per year. Since it is impossible to collect all of the biomass, we can assume that at

least 50% of the savings could be achieved, that is 551.040€ per year.

Table 3 offers an overview of biomass production in animal husbandry.

10

Table 3. Energy potential from manure in Kuĉevo municipality

Livestock

Number

of livestock

Livestock units

Biogas per day

Biomass price

Biogas

available in 365 days

Available

energy per year

Diesel to be


Fuel oil equivalent

(kom.) (kom.) (Nm3/UG) (€/t) (Nm3) (MJ) (t) (-)

Cattle 2.670 2.225,00 1,2 7,2 1055762,5 24979340,8 548,3 537,0

Swine 7.000 1.166,66 1,3 9,50 638750,0 15112825,0 331,7 324,9

Sheep 8.900 674,24 1,1 7,2 270708,3 6404959,2 140,6 137,7

Poultry 64.500 215,00 2 10,0 156950,0 3713437,0 81,5 79,8

TOTAL: 83.070 4.280,90 - - 2122170,8 50210561,9 1102,2 1079,4

Note: Calorific value ofbiogas with 65% methane content - hd=23,66 MJ/Nm3, that is 35,8 MJ/kg.

Manure is a product of animal husbandry. It can be used for production of biogas as well as

soil fertilization. In this region people raise cattle, swine, sheep and poultry. Livestock

population in units is: 2.670 cattle units, 7.000 swine units, 8.900 sheep units and 64.500

poultry units. These numbers translated to livestock units values amount to 4,289.9 in total.

This number of livestock units can produce 2,122,170.8 Nm3of biogas per year

(495,7Nm3/livestock unit). If an average calorific value of biogas with 65% methane content

is assumed to be 23,66MJ/nm3, that is 35,8 MJ/kg of gas,and with 98% firebox efficiency,

50,210,561.9MJ of energy could be obtained. This amount of energy could substitute

1,102.18t of diesel fuel or 1,079.38 t of fuel oil. Thus, this amount of biogas could save

1,763,488€ per year. Again, not all of the manure is available for biogas production, mainly

because of direct soil fertilization, dissemination of farmers, problems with manure collecting,

and so on. It is estimated that 25% of manure could be used for heat production. This would

ensure 440,872€ of savings.

Kuĉevo municipality has 35.721 ha of forests.Timber potentialis 8.923.500 m3. Table 4 offers

an overview of production areas and wood biomass availability.

Table 4. Biomass productionin forestryandwood industry (m3)

Type of ownership structure

Area Average amount of

wood Volumetric

growth Technical

wood Forestry residues

(ha) (m3) (m3/ha) (m3)* (m3)**

National forests 18.674 36.000 4,9 21.600 14.400

Private forests 17.047 18.000 2,1 10.800 7.200

TOTAL: 35.721 54.000 3,75 32.400 21.600

Despite the great potential of forest wood in the municipality Kuĉevo average annual lumber

volume is 54.000 m3.When logging forest wood will give technical and stacked woodand the

rest - waste which includes:stump with roots, thin branches to 7 cm in diameter, bark from

logs and scrap wood cutting in order to obtain the appropriate dimensions and shapes of

commercial productscommonly used for energy.

It is estimated that the cutting and clearing of forests and wood after treatment in the timber

industry, the rest of the wood - the waste is about 40% of the volume of felled timber, which

would give a total amount of 21,600 m3 per year for 440 kg/m

3 bulk density. It can be

11

concluded that the municipalities Kuĉevo has specified annually from 9,504 t of waste wood

biomass.

Calorific value of wood residue is 15,50 MJ/kg. Combining this data, we can conclude that

the total energy value of wood residue available is 117,849,600MJ, with 80% firebox

efficiency. This amount of energy potentially substitutes 3,018 t of diesel fuel with 95%

firebox efficiency, or 3,081.9 t of fuel oil equivalent. With this much residue a 4,828,800€

saving could be made yearly. If only 50% of said residue was used, the savings would amount

to 2,414,400€ per year.

Table 5 offers an overview of communal waste availability in Kuĉevo municipality.

Table 5. Communal waste availability in Kuĉevo municipality

Amount

of waste Waste weight Organic waste

Organic (biodegradable)

waste weight

(t) (kg/resident/day) (%) (t)

AVERAGE: 3.707,2 0,6 55 2.039

Table 5 shows that the total amount of biodegradable communal waste in Kuĉevo

municipality is 2.039 t per year. If we assume that the calorific value of this waste is 12

MJ/kg, we can calculate its total energy value. This value is 17.127.600 MJ per year with 70%

firebox efficiency. Since the calorific value of diesel fuel is 41 MJ/kg with combustion energy

efficiency coefficient of 0,95 , calculation show that 396,9 t of diesel fuel could be substituted

yearly with this amount of waste. This is equal to 388,7 t of fuel oil. By incorporating the

diesel fuel price of 1,6 €/kg in the equation, we conclude that waste could generate a 621.904

€ saving. This biodegradable waste will not be used only to generate heat due to many

reasons, but there is an estimation that every year 30% of waste may be used for this purpose.

This is 611,7 t of waste (116,6 t of fuel oil) per year. The savings generated this way would

amount to 183.502€ per year (wasteat a cost 5 €/t).

Table 6 offers an overview of biomass type, amounts available, usage percent, equivalent

amounts of liquid fuel and savings amount.

To summarize, table 6 shows that using agricultural and wood biomass as well as communal

biodegradable waste may generate savings for Kuĉevo municipality. These savings are:

biomass from crops – 4,178,884€; biomass from fruit and vine production – 551,040€;

biomass from animal husbandry – 440,872€; biomass from forestry and wood industry –

2,414,000€; biomass from communal biodegradable waste – 183.502€; total of 7,768,698€

per year.

Structure of the savings that can be achieved in the municipality Kuĉevo if using available

biomass is shown in Figure 2.

Namely, a quarter or half of the total available biomass (depending of type of production) can

generate energy value of 200,637,244 MJ, or 55,732.6 MWh. If a thermal facility would

operate during 6 months of a year (4.390 hours), the facilities‟ power would be 12.7 MW. We

can safely assume that full capacity of the facility will not be used all the time during these 6

months, just when the temperatures are low. This shows that biomass consumption would be

12

considerably below 25% (or 50% out of total available biomass, depending of production

type). The surplus could be used for new facilities or other needs. A conclusion could be

made that Kuĉevo municipality has enough biomass to power an 25 MW thermal facility.

This conclusion is made according to the calculations that do not include firewood as a

conventional fuel, which availability is 60% out of total lumber. Biomass from crop

production, fruit and vine production, forestry and wood industry could be used as an

alternative fuel in one thermal facility, while the biomass from animal husbandry (manure)

and communal waste could be used in a biogas production facility.

Table 6. Biomass type, amounts available, usage percent, equivalent amounts of liquid fuel

and savings amount.

Biomass type

Biomass

amounts

available

Usage

percent

Used

amounts

of biomass

Equivalent

amount of

liquid fuel

Savings

amount

(t/god) (%) (t/god) (t/god) (€)

Crop production 52.296,0 15 7.844,4 2.611,8 4.178.884

Fruit and vine production 2.150,2 50 539,7 344,4 551.040

Animal husbandry 35.938,2 25 8.984,6 1.102,8 440.872

Forestry and wood industry 9.504 50 4.752 3.018,0 2.414.400

Communal waste 2.039,0 30 611,7 116,6 183.502

TOTAL: 101.927,4 22.732,4 7.193,6 7.768.698

Figure 2. Structure of the savings that can be achieved in the municipality Kuĉevo using

biomass

13

1.2 Type, form and price of available biomass as an energy source

According to data about available potentials of biomass and its structure, mentioned in

Chapter 1.1, we may conclude that the main quantity of biomass in Kuĉevo municipality may

be collected from agricultural and forest production. They have more than sufficient potentials

for public facilities heating.

Form of biomass that will burn in power plants was adopted with the aim to meet the different

requirements. In this election there were several priority policies. The most important factors

in determining the form of biomass that will burn were related to:

- Available surface for construction of the boiler room and biomass storage that

would ensure the properly work of a thermal power plant of a few days,

- Fire load,

- The amount of a destructive impact on the surrounding environment (emission of

gaseous products of combustion, noise, vibration, distribution of biomass in its

transportation and handling, etc..)

- The possibility and cost of transport from the warehouse to the boiler,

- The need to use extra funds to manipulate biomass

The calculation of prices of different sorts and forms of biomass, which is used for making

enough energy in these facilities, is formed according to expenses existing, from collecting

biomass to its burning in the facilities.

Four different systems are analyzed here:

o classic bales (small, conventional), weight: 10-12kg each,

o roll bales, weight: 80-150kg each,

o large prismatic bales, weight: 250-300kg each,

o big square bales, weight: 500kg each;

Briquette, weight: 400g each,

Pellets of agricultural biomass, weight 20gr each;

Chippings of the forests cutting and of the 2nd class fire wood, weight: 20 g each;

Pellets of the remains of the forests cutting and 2nd class fire wood, weight: 20g, each.

Analytical calculations of prices of agricultural biomass to the known cost categories

are not shown, as is extensive. In order to implement this study as the initial parameters

for biomass production rate calculations used extensively adopted data.

It is assumed that the initial price of agricultural biomass in the amount of 0.55 din/kg,

which is very doubtful, since there is no market of biomass and its value is in reality

ranges from 0 to 1 din/kg.

Determination of the purchase price of wood as material for combustion is easier,

because there is a market for the wood, where the average price in the purchase of large

quantities of wood in the long term is for the rest of the timber harvest activities 20€/t,

14

and fuelwood second class 30-35 €/ t. Based on these data, adopted price of waste wood

biomass is 2,9 din/kg.

It is assumed that the loading and stacking bales does 2 workers. Manipulation of roll

bales is with a front tractor loader. Loading and stacking bales in the warehouse is

provided by using front tractor loader with a special attachment for manipulation with

big bales.

In addition, it was necessaryto adopt the appropriate values of many variable and fixed

costs, such as:

- - price of machines involved in the process of preparation biomass

- - potential annual efficiency of machines (ha or hours)

- - economic useful life of machinery (depreciation)

- - operating costs,

- - maintenance costs,

- - equipment and organization of transport systems,

- - price wage workers,

- - insurance costs, interest,

- - average yield of biomass.

The calculated unit costs of various forms of biomass bales made from agricultural production

in Serbia that has adequate machinery and technology work are shown in table 7 (Table 7).

Table 7. Prices of different forms of biomass bales

Expenses of biomass bale

preparation Small prismatic

bales

Roll baless Large

prismatic

bales

Big square

bales

Type of cost Value

Weight of bale (kg/com.) 10 – 12 120 – 160 250–300 500

Straw price (din/kg) 0,55 0,55 0,55 0,55

Pressing (din/kg) 1,32 1,21 1,32 1,32

Loading (din/kg) 0,66 0,55 0,55 0,44

Shipping (din/kg) 0,55

(to 30 km)

0,66

(to 30 km)

0,66

(to 50 km)

0,55

(to 100 km)

Unloading and

stacking (din/kg) 0,66 0,55 0,55 0,44

Handling (din/kg) 0,11 0,11 0,22 0,22

TOTAL PRICE: (din/kg) 3,85 3,63 3,85 3,52

Prices of some forms of biomass are shown in Tables 8 do 11.

15

Table 8. Price of briquettes from agricultural biomass 400 gr/com.

Type of cost Price of cost(din/kg)

Price of straw bale 3,3 – 3,74

Mulching 2,2

Pressing 5,5

Packing 1,65

Storage 1,1

Shipping 2,2 (to 300 km)

Total price: 15,95 to 16,39

Table 9. The price of pellets from agricultural biomass 20 gr/com.

Type of cost Price of cost (din/kg)

Price of straw bale 3,3 – 3,74

Mulching 2,75

Pressing 6,6

Packing 1,1

Storage 0,55

Shipping 3,3 (to 200 km)

Total price: 17,6 to 18,04

Table 10. Chips from waste woodfrom the forest and cut fire wood second class


The starting material 2,97

Transport to storage 1,76

Chipping 1,98

Storage 1,1

Transport to furnace 0,55

Total price: 8,25

Table 11. The pelletsfrom wastewoodfrom theforest andcutfire woodsecond class - 20 gr/com.


The starting material 2,97

Transport to storage 1,76

Chipping 1,98

Fine grinding 1,32

Pressure (pelleting) 6,6

Packing 1,1

Storage 0,55

Transport 3,3 (to 200 km)

Total price: 19,58

16

The municipality Kuĉevo has 32,215 ha of agricultural land, but only 11,870 ha is arable land

from which biomass can be taken and used for energy purposes. On these surfaces, each year,

as the rest of the primary agricultural production remains 52,296 t of biomass. Using only a

small part of these biomass would be more than enough to heat all the public facilities in the

city Kuĉevo.

The said biomass made from primary agricultural production availability, with its low price

made it impossible to overlook in terms of being the best option for heating public facilities in

Kuĉevo municipality. Even with the benefits it offers, biomass generated in the process of

agricultural production was discarded as a fuel source for public facilities in Kuĉevo

municipality, for several reasons, which in shortest can be summarized as:

great number of small lots (1 to 5 ha) which are located mainly on mountainous terrain

reduces the possibility of usage and profitability of high capacity machines (roll press,

big bale press, etc.) for collecting and baling of straw. This implies that small

prismatic bales with profitability up to 30 km of transport, are to be used,

public facilities in Kuĉevo are located in the city centre,

roads in Kuĉevo are narrow with not much parking space outside of road lanes, which

leads to frequent road blocks due to parked cars on the road. This conditions would

greatly impair movement of special vehicles needed to transport baled biomass made

obtained from agricultural production,

access roads to public facilities lead through the central city core which means that

street hygiene would suffer when baled biomass transport takes place, especially in

windy conditions,

if biomass obtained from agricultural production would be used for heating public

facilities, it would be necessary to provide adequate storage place for baled biomass

near the boiler room with special consideration for fire and hygiene regulations, which

are non-existent.

Taking into account the above, it is assumed that the municipality Kuĉevo uses pellets from

agriculture or from waste wood from forest cutting and secund class firewood.

Analytical price is formed based on a complex set of calculations that consider many variable

production expenses but cannot predict a dynamic market flow regarding supply & demand

and realistic market competition between the producers who are prepared to offer a better

price if a sale of pellets is made during summer. Because of this, a market research was made

and pellet-producing companies that are within an acceptable transport distance (200 km)

were approached. A list of companies with their price lists is shown in the table (Table 12).

17

Table 12. List of companies engaged in the production and distribution of pellets

Company name Type of pellet Production capacity Price

“MTMOP” d.o.o

Dunavski kej, 12223 Golubac

beech i ash 1400 kg/h

600 t/month

150 €/t *

180 €/t**

200 €/t***

“MIBORO PELET” d.o.o

12222, Braniĉevo

beech 500 kg/h

210 t/month

160 €/t *

185 €/t**

200 €/t***

“FONOS” d.o.o – pelet centar

Uĉiteljska 59a, Zvezdara,

Beograd

beech

beech+fir

Always in stock 175€/t*

190 €/t**

205 €/t***

“BIOENERGY POINT” d.o.o

Izvorski put bb, Boljevac 19370

beech 3.000t /month 160€/t*

180 €/t**

195 €/t***

*Price valid if a quantity of pellet is ordered by July

**Price valid for quantities over 20 t

***Retail price

Prices shown in the table (Table 12) are formed without transport expenses. Carriers charge

their transport services 100 din/km for a 20 t truck. The price is formed by accounting the

distance traveled to pick up and deliver the goods. The following table (Table 13) shows the

distances with transport expenses from the production facilities and pellet storage facilities to

Kuĉevo municipality.

Table 13. Transport costs of pellets from producer to municipalities Kuĉevo (Turija)

Transport relations Number of

kilometers

Total transport

cost

Total transport cost

per ton of pellets

(km) (din) (din./t)

Turija - Golubac 21 – 22,6 4.200 – 4.520 210 – 226

Turija – Braničevo 24,3 4.860 243

Turija – Beograd (Zvezdara) 125 25.000 1.250

Turija – Boljevac 143 - 153 28.600 – 30.600 1.430 – 1.530

By analyzing the supplier bids from Table 12 and transport expenses from Table 13, a

conclusion has been made that the cheapest pellet can be obtained from “MTMOP” d.o.o

from Kuĉevo. Thus, wood pellet with a price of 152,13 €/t (17,342 din/kg, with 1€=114 din)

is the fuel of choice.

24

TASK 2 – Analysis of thermal energy required in

selected facilities for public use

In this report - task No. 2 - it was necessary to complete the research based on data from

research literature and field study and to summarize data collected in a separate report.

In task No. 2 it is necessary to make a thorough analysis of chosen public facilities following

the listed steps:

Make an optimal selection of public facilities that potentially can use biomass as a fuel

for heating;

Provide a graphic display of the facility with the layout of the heating system (for each

chosen facility in each municipality);

Prepare energy passport of the technical characteristics of the heating systems and the

analysis of the heat loss for chosen public facilities in each municipality (age of the

building and installation, type of window and window glass used, heating system, type

of heating fuel);

Analyze possible improvements of the energy efficiency of the heating systems in

public facilities and provide recommendations for the facilities that are the most

efficient for energy saving in the case of biomass combustion plants.

2.1. The choice of public facilities in Kučevo location that will be heated by

biomass

Selection of the public facilities in which biomass will be used as fuel for heating was done in

coordination with all important institutions in chosen municipalities. Thus, in selection of

facility and collection of all necessary data related to the project documentation including

micro and macro aspects, technical characteristics of the facility with existing infrastructure

and potential opportunities for expansion of existing infrastructure, the following individuals

were included: management of the municipality with the participation of municipal energy

managers, representatives of the public companies (Chamber of Commerce, Planning Bureau,

Utility Supplier of Electric Power, Water Supply and Sewage Companies, Heating Supply

Companies, Agriculture and Forestry Sectors) as well as general manages of almost all public

companies in selected municipalities.

During selection process several important criteria tended to be met:

that selected public facilities are of great importance for the local government

that at least one or more facilities require larger amount of heating energy

that these facilities are located in the areas in which there will be no overlapping with

the existing local piping system, i.e. that they are placed in areas which the local

district network will not reach in record time

25

that in selected locations there is not enough space for the construction of a boiler

room and a smaller storage for biomass which had to be physically separated from the

existing facilities (especially due to hygienic and fire requirements)

that location for facility construction is near existing boiler rooms that use gas or

liquid fuel, so that the boiler systems can work compositely, i.e. can use the same

collectors

that facilities have adequate internal pipe heating network

that it is known who the owner of the premises on which the construction of a boiler

room and a storage is planned

that pipe installation is not too long and complex for the construction

that there are adequate access roads to storages to ensure transportation of biomass for

combustion etc.

Reviewing the situation on the terrain and taking into account the criteria listed in the

municipality Kuĉevo it was noted that the municipality has 26 local communities (1 urban and

25 rural) and covers an area of 721 km2. The municipality has 22,290 inhabitants, while the

town has a population of 4823. The climate is temperate - continental favorable for life and

work.

It was noted that city of Kuĉevo doesnt have the central district heating system, and objects

are heated separately. This has opened up great opportunities for selecting the heating system

facilities for public use.

City of Kuĉevo has: one elementary school, one kindergarden. In addition to these educational

institutions city has building of the municipality, house of culture, building of employment

agencies and others.

Because of the fact that there is no city central heating system in Kuĉevo, municipalities'

government suggested that the city should consider the possibility of introducing a central

heating system with biomass as a fuel for two buildings in the city and one in village Turija

near Kuĉevo.For this reason, multiple buildings were taken into consideration:

Building name Appearance

Directorate of Public communal enterprise

Kučevo

This building (Figure 3) is located in the city center,

at the Veljko Dugošević square. It was built during

the 70s using a classic building type using solid brick

and concrete bearing elements. The building has 5

floors where the first 3 floors have offices and are

being used by the Directorate of Public enterprise

Kuĉevo, while people living in private apartments

occupy the last two floors. The building is heated by

the central heating system via the boiler fitted in the

Figure 3. Direcorate of Public communal

enterprise Kuĉevo building

26

boiler room located in the buildings‟ basement. Two

hot water boilers made by ”EMO CELJE“are used to

generate heat, giving a total power output of 580 kW.

Heating oil is used to fuel the boilers, but due to poor

financial situation oil cannot be bought and the

boilers have not been used for 15 years.

House of Culture “Veljko Dugošević” in Kučevo

House of Culture “Veljko Dugošević” in Kuĉevo

(Figure 4) is located beside the Direcorate of Public

communal enterprise Kuĉevo building. It was built in

1972 using a classic building type with solid brick,

concrete bearing elements and large glass areas. The

building is spread over 860 m2 in its base and has 3

floors. It is heated via the boilers from the Direcorate

of Public communal enterprise Kuĉevo building, but

because of the situation described before, different

electric appliances are used to heat the rooms.

Figure 4. House of Culture“Veljko

Dugošević” in Kuĉevo

Elementary school“Veljko Dugošević”

Elementary school “Veljko Dugošević” (Figure 5)

was built in the end of 19th century. There are no

precise information about the year of the building

since there are no civil or building plans. The school

was built using an outdated building style with

bearing walls in the ground floor made of stone and

the rest of the walls made of old brick. School base is

spread over 600 m2. It is heated using individual

furnaces fitted in every room. Children and the staff

together take in the firewood into the school. The

school provides elementary education to children,

and as of next year, it will conduct a two-year adult

literacy program.

Figure 5. Elementary school “Veljko

Dugošević” in Turija

During the considerations about the possibility of building a biomass boiler facility (wood

pellet), other buildings were considered besides the three described before. The other

buildings considered could not fit some of the required goals, mainly those regarding the

availability of space for building a boiler room or having unresolved property rights.

Finally, according to building location evaluation, property rights over the land on which a

boiler rooms would be built and heating requirements in accord with UNDP Serbia

representative, a decision was made to design a heating system for Primary School “Veljko

Dugošević” in Turija.

27

2.2 Technical features of the heating system with heat loss analysis overview

for selected public facilities in Kučevo municipality

Technical features of existing heating systems in selected public facilities in Kuĉevo

municipality are as follows:

2.2.1. Primary School „Veljko Dugoševiće“ u Turiji

Primary School “Veljko Dugošević” building in Turija is a public, one-storied building

(ground floor+story) with a useful surface area of 624 m2 in its base. The ground floor is fitted

with 23 rooms: headmasters‟ office, 3 classrooms, 2 offices, corridors, kitchen, dining room,

storage, pantry, 2 changing rooms, gymnasium, 3 bathrooms, etc. The school was built using

a classic building type, with concrete supporting elements and solid bricks. Exterior walls are

made of 30 and 45 cm thick solid brick, plastered on one side with 2,5 cm thicklayer of

mortar and on the other with 2cm thick layer of lime mortar. Heat transfer coefficients for

these walls are U = 1.20 W/m2K and U = 1.59 W/m

2K (Figure 6 and Figure 7).

The northern part of the school had an 9,6 x 7 m upgrade. A bathroom was fitted in the

ground floor and a classroom on the story. Exterior wall features regarding the upgraded part

are: 2 cm thick layer of lime mortar, 25 cm thick hollow brick and a 2,5 thick layer ofmortar,

with a heat transfer coefficient of U = 1,53 W/m2K (Figure 8). The schools‟ interior is divided

with 45 cm thick solid brick bearing walls, plastered on both sides with 2,5 cm thick layer of

lime mortar (Figure 9) with a heat transfer coefficient of U = 1,2 W/m2K.

Figure 6. Exterior school wall, 45 cm thick Figure 7. Exterior school wall, 30 cm thick

Furthermore, schools‟ interior is fitted with two additional wall types, both made from solid

brick (15 and 30 cm, respectively) and plastered on both sides with a 2,5 cm layer of lime

mortar (Figure 10 and Figure 11), with heat transfer coefficients of U = 1,91 W/m2K and U =

1,38 W/m2K, respectively. The flooring in the ground floor was fitted in layers: gravel,

waterproofing, charged concrete, cement layer and decking floor, with a heat transfer

28

coefficient of U = 2,35 W/m2K (Figure 12). The corridor floor in the schools‟ ground floor

has a top layer of ceramic tiles and has a heat transfer coefficient of U = 3,66 W/m2K (Figure

13).The floor in the ground floor of the upgraded part of the school has a top layer of ceramic

tiles followed by a 5 cm thick layer of thermal insulation (Tervol) and has aheat transfer

coefficient of U = 0,68 W/m2K (Figure 14). The floor in the room above the open area of the

schools‟ entrance is fitted with decking boards and thermally insulated with a 30 cm layer of

air, 3 cm thick lath, 1,5 cm thick layer of reed and a 2 cm thick layer of reedy mortaron the

bottom to finish. This floor has aheat transfer coefficient of U = 0,79 W/m2K (Figure 15).

Figure 8. Exterior wall of the upgrade Figure 9. Interior bearing wall

Figure 10. Interior dividing wall, 15 cm thick Figure 11. Interior wall, 30 cm thick

29

Figure 12. Floor in the classrooms in the

ground floor

Figure 13. Floor in the corridors in the ground

floor

Figure 14. Floor in the upgraded part of the

school, in the ground floor

Figure 15. Floor above the open area of the

school

Above the rooms in the ground floor there is a floor made of 10 cm thick reinforced concrete

slab, covered on top with decking and fitted below with board ceiling made of 3 cm thick

wooden boards. To follow the boards, there is a 1,5 cm thick layer of reed and a final layer of

reedy mortar, which altogether has aheat transfer coefficient of U = 0,74 W/m2K (Figure 16).

The floor on the story of the upgraded part is covered with parquet and has aheat transfer

coefficient of U = 1,38 W/m2K (Figure 17). The ceiling on the schools‟ floor is made of a 10

cm thick reinforced concrete slab, covered with a 8 cm thick layer of „karatavan‟ (mud+straw)

and a 3 cm thick layer of mud, on the top side. Below the slab, there is a board ceiling made

of 3 cm thick boards, covered with a 1,5 thick layer of reed on top and plastered with reedy

mortar below, with a total heat transfer coefficient of U = 0,86 W/m2K (Figure 18). The

30

ceiling in the upgraded part is made of modern building elements and is thermally insulated

with 5 cm thick layer of Tervol and has a heat transfer coefficient of U = 0,58 W/m2K (Figure

19).

Figure 16. Floor on the story Figure 17. Floor in the upgraded part on the story

Figure 18. Ceiling on the story Figure 19. Ceiling in the upgraded part on the story

Doors and window frames in the school are made of wood, except in the upgraded part of the

school,where PVC doors and windows are fitted. They are old and in poor condition, which

causes major heat loss thus making heating problem that much bigger. Heat transfer

coefficients for doors and windows with wooden frames vary from 2,9 W/m2K for exterior

wooden windows with parted sashes (Figure 20), to 3,5 W/m2K for exterior doors with

sections made of glass (Figure 21).

31

Figure 20. Windows in the school

Figure 21. School entrance

Due to a lack of a central heating system, school is heated by means of fireplaces and furnaces

burning solid fuels made by “Alfa-plam” from Vranje (Figure 22), with the output power of 7

kW for type “Vulkan” and 14 kW for type “Rustik”(Figure 23). All of the classrooms, offices,

dining room and the gymnasium are fitted with furnaces and the firewood is brought and

stoked manually. This type of heating hinders the teaching process. Since the school is fitted

with 13 furnaces (total output power of 175 kW), the children, along with the janitor,

sometimes need to bring in firewood (Figure 25)and put it in the furnaces. During the stoking

process, furnace door needs to be open andsome of the products of combustion enter the

classroom (Figure 24) thus becoming an issue since the children are left without supervision

during breaks between classes.

Figure 22. “ALFA PLAM” furnace, type “Vulkan”

Figure 23. “ALFA PLAM” furnace, type “Rustik”

Figure 24. Furnace in the classroom Figure 25. Wood storage

32

To determine accurate (real) heat requirements for a building, heat loss calculations due to

transmission and ventilation through construction elements must be made. The calculations

are available in Chapter 4 Appendix, while the following table offers heat loss for individual

rooms (Table 14).

Table 14. View of room heat lossof the school building

STATUS OF ROOMS

Room

number Room name

Temperature in

winter mode

Heat losses

in the room Room status

- - tp Q -

- - oC W -

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

G R O U N D F L O O R

1 WINDSHIELD 15 1448 TREATED

2 HALL 15 8411 TREATED

3 CLASSROOM 15 10050 TREATED

4 OFFICE 15 2584 TREATED

5 OFFICE 15 2314 TREATED

6 PRINCIPAL'S OFFICE 15 4941 TREATED



9 DINING ROOM 15 17213 TREATED

10 KITCHEN 20 2509 TREATED

11 KITCHEN - FOOD ISSUE 18 2741 TREATED

12 STORAGE 18 - NOT TREATED

13 SPORTS ROOM 20 13053 TREATED

14 DRESSING ROOM FOR TEACHERS 20 1814 TREATED

15 WAREHOUSE 15 - NOT TREATED

16 DRESSING ROOM 1 10 1682 TREATED

17 DRESSING ROOM 2 18 1200 TREATED

18 HALL 18 1647 TREATED

19 MALE TOILET - STUDENTS 18 1367 TREATED

20 MALE TOILET - TEACHERS 18 179 TREATED

21 FEMALE TOILET - TEACHERS 20 896 TREATED

22 TOILET - HALL 20 748 TREATED

23 FEMALE TOILET - STUDENTS 20 1367 TREATED

TOTAL:

94.789

F I R S T F L O O R

1.1 HALL 20 814 TREATED

1.2 CLASSROOM 20 3509 TREATED



(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

33






1.10 LIBRARY 20 1032 TREATED

1.11 HALL 20 -1006 TREATED

1.12 STAIRS 20 7061 TREATED


TOTAL:

101.847

Table 15 shows the total losses of the entire recap of the building and kitchen.

Table 15. Display summaries of the complex ES "Veljko Dugošević" in Turija

RECAPITULATION


94.789

F I R S T F L O O R

101.847

TOTAL:

196.636 W

According to data from the table (Table 15), a conclusion can be made that the ground floor

is spread over 624 m2 with required heating volume of 2.308,8 m

3. Necessary power

requirements according to heat loss calculations due to transmission and ventilation are

94.789 W, that is 147,64 W/m2 (heated area) or 41,06 W/m

3 (heated space).

The story has an area of 640 m2 and heating volume of 2.432 m

3. Necessary power

requirements according to heat loss calculations are 101.847 W, that is 159,14 W/m2 (heated

area) or 41,88 W/m3 (heated space).

Total heating requirements for the complex are 196.636 W, which is 197 kW.

2.3.Analysis of the measures for the increase of energy efficiency in

buildings for public use

The analysis of the measures for the increase of energy efficiency in buildings for public use

in Kuĉevo municipality has to be done from two aspects. One aspect is the general, i.e. global

approach to the problem of increasing the energy efficiency in municipalities, while the other

one is the increase of energy efficiency in individual buildings.

When observing the use of energy for central heating of individual buildings for public use, as

has been stated already, it can be established that the energy is used irrationally and with poor

quality (large deviations from assigned temperatures in heated rooms).

According to the present condition of the chosen public usage buildings in Kuĉevo, we may

conclude that by the usage of proper organizational and technical activities significant energy

sufficiency improvements may be achieved.

34

2.3.1 Power consumption in coplex ES„Veljko Dugošević“ in Turiji andsuggestions of

practical measures for increasing the energy efficiency of facility

Beside the technical analysis of the buildings, an economic analysis of energy loss must be

done in order to get a whole pictureregarding energy efficiency and to be able to suggest

measures for improving energy efficiency and determine its profitability. The following table

(Table 16) offers an overview of consumption of fuel used for school and kitchen heating and

overall power consumption. The data is available for a heating period from 15/10/2011 until

15/4/2012. In order to make an economic analysis of overall energy consumption, all

available forms of energy must be converted to the same unit ([kWh]/[din./kWh]), that is

equalize with wood and coal consumption (and their price). To make the conversions, brown

coal and oak wood are adopted as reference fuels with following characteristics: brown coal -

Hd =15,927 kJ/kg, ρ = 1,25 t/m3;oak wood - Hd =16,100 kJ/kg, ρ = 0,72 t/m

3.

By analyzing the table (Table 16) a conclusion can be made that the wood used to heat the

building accounts for 84.00% of the total consumption expenditure energies, while electricity

is 16.00%. When referring to the concerns expressed by the energies consumed in kWh then

wood accounts for 94.61%, and the current 5.39%.

Table 16. Display power consumption based on kWh

Quantity Price Total price

[m3] [t] [kWh] [din/m

3] [din/t] [din/kWh] [din]

Consumption of wood 80 57,6 257.600 4.200 5.833 1,30 336.000

Electricity

consumption - - 14.666 - - 1,55 64.000

UKUPNO: - - 272.266 - - - 400.000

The following are some practical organizational and technical measures fit to increase energy

efficiency in selected public facilities in Kuĉevo:

All of the windows and doorsshould be replaced with new PVC (profiles with five

chambers and thermo-insulated glass) windows and doors. The worst heat transfer

coefficient forthis kind of windows is U = 1,2 W/m2K.

Thermal insulation should be mounted on the exterior facade walls (5 cm thick

Styrofoam, λ=0,035)and covered with protective façade casing (such as “demit”

facade), to prevent negative atmospheric impact on the Styrofoam.

A central heating system should be designed presuming the availability of

thermostatic valves.

By caring out the energy efficiency improvement measures stated before, heat loss can be

reduced to a great extent, that is overall heat requirements could be decreased, which would

result with overall energy savings, essentially saving money. In order to make a techno-

economic analysis of potential savings by implementing the measures stated before, some

base system operating parameters must be defined, such as:

35

duration (timeframe) of wintertime heating

fuel consumption during wintertime heating

number of working days during wintertime heating

average daily temperature.

Wintertime heating starts on the October 15th and ends on the April 15

th. The wintertime

heating lasts 185 days. Average temperature is 15ºC. By multiplying the number of working

days with average daily temperature, a value of 2775 DD per wintertime heating for heating

system installed in primary school “Veljko Dugošević” together with the kitchen, is obtained.

Using the previously gathered results, fuel consumption for wintertime heating can be

calculated by using the following formulae:

mF/year= 24·3,600·e·y·DD·Q/(hd··(tu-ts)) [kg/winter time_heating]

gde su:

e = et·eb - temperature and exploatation limitation coefficient, 0,9 x 0,9 = 0,81,

y - corrective coefficient (interruptions in stocking, wind), 0,8,

SD - degree – day value, 185 day · 15oC = 2775days

oC,

Q - heating requirement, amount of heat,[kW],

Hd - lower heating value (16.900) [kJ/kg],

- efficiency of the facility (0,85),

tu - interior temperature of heated rooms (20oC) i

ts - exterior project temperature, (-18oC).

By using organizational and technical measures of savings which should result in increasing

overall energy efficiency of the facility, the following results may ensue:

- By exchanging old and decrepit windows and metal doors with new PVC (profiles

with five chambers and thermo-insulated glass) windows and doors, heat loss due to

transmission and ventilation could be mitigated. Energy savings were calculated using

heat transfer coefficient of Uw = 1,2 W/m2K (windows) and Ud = 1,8 W/m

2K (doors).

- If thermal insulation should be mounted on the exterior façade walls, transmission heat

loss could be mitigated to a great extent. Should a 5 cm thick Styrofoam be mounted

on the exterior facade walls (λ=0,035 W/mK) and covered with protective facade

casing (“demit” facade), it would yield a heat transfer coefficient of U = 0,51 W/m2K

for the exterior walls, instead of current U = 1,84 W/m2K.

Detailed overview of the calculation will not be shown due to its ampleness; however, a

savings amount recap is available in the table (Table 25). Energy savings were obtained using

calculated fuel consumption, which is not far off the data presented by the municipalities‟

people in charge.

Comparative analysis of Table 16 and Table 17 can be seen that devatation of costs which are

obtained from municipality and and those obtained by calculation is 31%, which is caused by

the specific situation on the terrain. As already stated in the facility the furnaces are manually

fed with fuel and information on their actual fuel consumption and efficiency are not available

36

and they could only be estemated by experiments. A rough estimate of the heating power

based on a vendor declared their total thermal power is 175 kW. The calculation takes power

required heat loss of 197 kW and an efficiency of η = 0.6.

By replacing the old wooden doors and windows with new doors and windows made of PVC

profile and insulating glass, required thermal power can be reduced to 178.2 kW, which could

lead to fuel savings of 45,526.97 dinars, or 399.36 € for a heating season. By placing thermal

insulation on the outside wall of the object facade, required thermal power can be reduced to

158.3 kW, which could lead to fuel savings of 94,675.85 dinars, or 830.49 € for a heating

season.Total savings by performing all previous works could reach 140,202.81 dinars, or

1229.85 € for heating season.

The necessary amount of investment to these austerity measures and increasing energy

efficiency and implement their effectiveness will be presented in the Chapter 3.6.

41

Table 17. Display seasonal fuel consumption of the existing boiler and the savings that can be achieved by applying technical - organizational

measures to increase efficiency

Type of

fuel

Consta

nt e y

Degree -

dayDD Q hd η Δt mF/year.

Fuel

consumption

Fuel

consumption

Price of

fuel

Cost of

heating

season

Cost of*

heating

season

Energy

savings

Energy

savings

[-] [-] [-] [-] [°Cday] [kW] [kJ] [-] [°C] [kg/god.] [kg] [t], [m³] [din./t]

[din/m³] [din./season] [€/sezonu] [€/season] [din./season]

OLD BOILER FACILITY WOOD

Coal 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 196,6 15927 0,60 38 84129,04 0,00 0,00 7500 0,00 0,00 - -

Wood 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 196,6 16100 0,60 38 83225,05 83225,05 115,59 4200 485479,44 4258,59 - -

TOTAL: 485479,44 4258,59

UNDERWENT REPLACEMENT OF OLD WOODEN WINDOWS WITH NEW PVC WINDOWS

Coal 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 178,2 15927 0,60 38 76239,64 0,00 0,00 7500 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

Wood 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 178,2 16100 0,60 38 75420,42 75420,42 104,75 4200 439952,47 3859,23 399,36 45526,97

TOTAL: 399,36 45526,97

UNDERWENT PLACINGTHERMAL INSULATION OF STYROFOAM5 cm THICKNES

Coal 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 158,3 15927 0,60 38 67722,60 0,00 0,00 7500 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

Wood 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 158,3 16100 0,60 38 66994,90 66994,90 93,05 4200 390803,59 3428,10 830,49 94675,85

TOTAL: 830,49 94675,85

THE SUM TOTAL SAVINGS: 1229,85 140202,81

42

TASK 3 – Techno-economic analysisfor thermal facility which

uses biomass as a fuel, for heating chosen buildings

3.1.Technologyof available biomass form combustion

Adequate choice of terminology for intentional combustion of biomass with the goal of

obtaining heat energy is of the highest importance for the energy, economical and ecological

efficiency of that process.

A schematic presentation of the appropriateness of technical-technological solutions for

thermal solutions for thermal power of a 100 MW furnace and certain forms of biomass for

combustion is shown in (Figure 26).

Figure 26. Appropriateness of tehnological and tehnical solutions for biomass combustion

S– batch, with fixed grate; V– with movable grate; U– with lower firing (crucible); E– with

combustion in space (cyclon or votex firebox), W– flidized bed; Z–with helical combustion

(cigarret combustion);

3.2. Selection of combustion technologies and technical solutions for the

thermal power plants and defining the maximum boiler plant thermal

power for continuous heating of public buildings

Starting with the chosen types and forms of biomass to be combusted, spatial limitations,

environmental and legal norms and standards, it was decided upon the thermal energy plant

for combusting wood pellets that are to be purchased at market value.

Combustion of wood pellets will be performed in a stoker with a moving andiron.

43

The technology suggested has several important advantages that could be briefly described as

the following:

It combusts fuel (wood pellets) which is very common on the Serbian market. The fuel

could be bought successively, i. e. as needed, which means that it is not necessary to

buy the total amount of fuel needed once a year.

Combustion of wood pellets could be completely automated with a total mechanization

of the pellet manipulation process.

Emission of harmful gasses could be maintained in the allowed limits.

The wood pallet combustion plant could be put in various modes.

While working in this plant, the wood pellets will not be affected by the problems of

solubility as is the case with combustion of biomass form the agricultural production.

The negative side of the chosen technology is the expensiveness of the combustion plant,

which could be justified by the tendency to automate the combustion process as much as

possible.

General requirements for the construction of the boiler facility

It was defined that the thermal energy plant for heating the chosen object in Kuĉevo, should

work as a wood pellet furnace.It has to satisfy the following basic technical, economic and

environmental requests:

It should produce the required amount of energy (300 kW). This range of boiler power

is taken as a certitude due to the unknown quality of pellet.

It should be possible to combust wood pellets in it.

The plant should work in an economic way, i. e. it should provide a competitive price of

thermal energy in relation to the production where the basic fuel is electricity only.

The pollution of the environment should be in accordance with the domestic and

European norms.

A contemporary level of pairing and work control should be secured.

A contemporary level of plant maintenance with minimal costs should be secured.

Hygienic conditions should be satisfying during the pellets manipulation.

3.3. Definingthe optimalplacefor the construction ofthermal

powerplants(with thetechnical,economic and environmentalaspects)

The choice of the public use property in Kuĉevo that are to be heated by the thermal energy

from the biomass was not easy. The biggest problem with this choice was the adequate

location for building of the boiler-room with a warehouse for the biomass. The problem was

made more complex by the hindered transport during the supply of the facilities with

biomass.Therefore, the Primary School "Veljko Dugošević" in Turija was selected, because it

has own spacious garden complex. After determining heat losses of school facilitie and

defining dimensions of hot water boiler plant, the location was selected. It is desided that a

new boiler building shoud be near the old building for storage of wood. It is anticipated that

44

the new facility building should be made from prefabricated lightweight thermal insulated

metal panels, that will be attached to the metal support construction. The building is

sufficiently far from the elementary school, thus avoiding any possibility ofof children being

affected in the event of a fire in the boiler room. Facility is also very accessible for access by

the transportation unit, which should bring in pellets.

3.4. Technical description of the biomass boiler facility (thermo-technical

equipment, boiler room, hot water piping) with the extended bill of

quantities for the Kučevo municipality, along with the expected energy and

ecology efficiency

This study provides a construction of boiler house for hot water boiler on pellets, which

should be used for heating the primary school „Veljko Dugošević” in Turija.

The boiler plant includes the purchase and installation of the boiler with accessories(collectors

for hot and cold water circulating pumps, thermostats, valves, filters, etc.) whose system will

be connected with the heating network in the district heating system of the school.

Thermal capacity of new boiler facility Q=300 kW.

The boiler will operate in the mode 90/70oC.

Technical features of the new boiler pellet wood are:

Fuel

The wood pellets are planned to be used as fuel.

Dimensions of wood pellets: Ø 6 – 12 mm x 25 - 35 mm

Density of the biomass bales ρ= 650 kg/m3

Special demands: maximal humidity wmax= 10%

Kotao na biomasu

Hot water boiler with movable grate, the company "Eco-products", Novi Sad.

The furnace thermal power: N= 300 kW

The degree of boiler efficiency: η= 0,85%

The schematics of boiler facility, wich burns wood pellets Figure 27.

For the preparation of the sanitary water, in the new boiler room, provided is a standing hot

water boiler made of stainless material, with a volume of V=300 l.The water from the boiler

to be used as domestic water.

A new boiler has a water softener systems, closed expansion tank, associated fittings, pumps

that are dimensioned that overcame all resistance in the installation, regulatory elements for

automatic operation of the boiler, etc.

45

Figure 27. The schematics of the boiler facility wich burns wood pellets

(1. bunkerfor pellets, 2. flexible screw conveyor for pellets, 3. barrieragainstflame, 4.screw

feeder for pellets 5. hot-water boiler, 6. primary airfan, 7.secondary airfan, 8.multicyclone, 9.

flue gas fan, 10. Container for ash, 11. chimney)

Bill of quantities for delivery, installation and other works on HVAC equipment in the

construction of thermal power plants, plants building and external pipingthat is shown in

graphical documentation.

Summary of costs for the purchase of HVAC and process equipment and construction works

can be represented as follows:

46

SUMMARY

BUILDING COSTS OF THERMAL ENERGY FACILIY FOR THE HEATING OF PUBLIC

BUILDING IN KUĈEVO

(The value of 1€ is 114 din)

I THERMOTECHNICS AND PROCESS EQUIPMENT 5.136.820

II CONSTRUCTION OF A BOILERROOM BUILDING 1.077.780

III HEATING PIPES 926.509

IV

IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL

CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNAL HEATING

INSTALLATIONS

1.583.600

V PROJECT DOCUMENTATION (5%) 413.185

TOTAL: 9.137.894

INDIVIDUAL INVESTMENT PRICES ARE:

In relation to the installed power: 30.459,65 din/kW

In relation to the heated area : 7.229,35 din/m2

47

3.4.1. Expected energy efficiency and ecological efficiency for biomass combustion in

boiler facilities

Based on several year of boiler facilities research in Serbia in which baled biomass is

combusted, in general, it can be stated that they have low energy efficiency. Low energy

efficiency is also a signal for high gass emission that pollutes work and life environment.

This causes financial loses and problems for the environment. It is expected that the energy

efficiency of combustion facilities of wood pellets in Kuĉevo will be 85% when working with

wood pellets with humidity of up to 10%.

Ecological efficiency:

Biomass is declared as ecological fuel. First and foremost it is implied since the chemical

composition of biomass is very favourable, and as an alternative fuel it pollutes the

environment significantly less in comparison to conventional energy sources. Biomass does

not create the greenhouse effect, i.e. the pollution takes in during the plant growth as much

pollution as the combustion produces. There is no sulphur in the biomass nor can it be found

in traces. The combustion of biomass does not create large amounts of nitric oxide, since the

combustion temperatures need to be kept at lower values because of possible melting of ashes.

Biomass ashes do not pollute the soil, water, flora and fauna and they can be used as fertilizer

for vegetable gardens and gardens, under the condition that the floating ashes are excluded

because they can contain heavy metals that are harmful to the environment.

During the biomass combustion carbon monoxide can appear in larger amounts, mostly

because of some technical faults of the facilities or due to unprofessional handling of

combustion technology. In combustion products, there is very little sulphur dioxide and

sulphur trioxide, since sulphur can be found in bio-fuel in very small amounts, so the

combustion facilities are spared from low temperature corrosion, and the environment from

acid rains. The incorrect handling of combustion facilities can cause the occurrence of

chloride compounds and cyclic hydrocarbons. (dioxin, furans and polyaromatic hydrocarbons)

It is expected that from this combustion facilities for wood pellets, in Kuĉevo, with 300 kW

thermal power, during a year emitted to the atmosphere will be:

Carbon dioxide:

101,638.66 kg CO2, respectively101.64 t CO2at combustion of wood,

123,550.14 kg CO2, respectively123.55 t CO2at combustion of wood pellet.

The new facility will make a greater amount of emissions of carbon dioxide by 21.91 t, but

calculated on the basis of greater thermal power of plant.

Nitric oxides

2,967.55 g NOx, respectively2.97 kg Nox, at combustion of wood,

3,607.30 g NOx, respectively3.61 kg NOx, at combustion of wood pellet.

48

The new facility will make a greater amount of emissions of nitric oxides by 0.64 kg, but


Sulphur oxide

In both cases, there is no sulfur oxide emissions.

Particles

The emission of particles for specified boilerpower is:

185,472.00 g particles, respectively185.47 kg particles, at combustion of wood,

225,456.47 g particles, respectively225.46 kg at combustion of wood pellet.

The new facility will make a greater amount of emissions of particles by 39.99 kg, but


In the biomass storages and the boiler room dust must not be produced, since dust has a

harmful effect on the human, animal and bird respiratory organs, it is easily combustible and

can easily explode if the right conditions are met. Because of this, dust needs to be efficiently

caught before and after the combustion. The installed equipment must satisfy the prescribed

marginal values for permitted amounts of dust as well as gasses harmful to the environment.

In Table 18 are given marginal values for the content of the most important elements in the

biomass, that could have a harmful effect on the functioning of the facility as well as on the

environment.

Table 18. Possible harmful effects of certain elements and corrective technologicalmeasures

Element

Approxi- mate limit

Limiting parameter Biomass in which problems can be

expected

Technological capabilities in case of exceeding the limit values

N* <0,6 Emissions NOx Straw, grain, grass, tree bark

Multi-stage intake air, a reducing furnace

Cl* <0,1 Corrosion

Emissions HCl

Straw, grain, grass Anti-corrosion: temperature control, automatic cleaning of heating surfaces, protective coatings on pipes. Against the emission of HCl: purification of flue gases

S* <0,1 Corrosion Straw, grain, grass Anti-corrosion: see for Cl

Ca** < 15 Deposit formation Straw, grain, grass Control of temperature in the furnace

Mg** > 2,5 Deposit formation Rare species See for Ca

K* <7,0 Deposit formation

Corrosion

Straw, grain, corn, grass

Anti-corrosion: see for Cl

Against deposit formation: see for Ca

Na** <0,6 Fusibility

Build-up

Corrosion

Straw, grain, grass Anti-corrosion: see for Cl

Against deposit formation: see for Ca

Zn** <0,08 Recyclingof ashes Bark,wood mass Fractional separation of heavy metals

Cd** < 0,0005 Recyclingof ashes Bark,wood mass Fractional separation of heavy metals

49

* Given on the basis of dry coal

** Given on the basis of dry ash

Appropriate micro-climate has to be sustained within the boiler room. It must not have

negative effects on the personnel.

Maximum allowed levels of smoke gases in air for work and life environment to be secured

by thermal energy equipment and boiler operators are listed in Table 19.

Table 19. Maximum allowed levels (MAL) of smoke gases in air for work and life

environment (SRPS Z.BO 001)

Chemical substance Unit

MDK* for life

environment

8h

MDK* for life

environment

24 h 1h

Nitric oxides (NOx) mg/m3 6,0 0,085 0,15

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

(AlCH), Tk = 141-200ºC mg/m

3 300 -

Benzene (C6H6) mg/m3 3,0 0,8

Toluene (C6H5CH3) mg/m3 375 7,5

Xylene (C6H4(CH3)2) mg/m3 435 -

Carbon monoxide (CO) ppm (ml/m3 ) 50 (55) 4,4 (5) 8(10)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) mg/m3 - -

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) mg/m3 5,0 -

* MALK – Maximum allowed levels of smoke gases in air during 8h exposure within work

environment in accordance with maximum allowed levels of harmful gases, steam, and

aerosols in the work and auxiliary rooms‟ atmosphere, SRPS Z.BO 001.

3.4.2. Marginal values of gas emission for specific types of furnaces

Regulations in Serbia

Boiler facilities in Serbia have to meet the regulations of the Government of Republic of

Serbia concerning the marginal values of hazardous air pollutants (Official Gazette of the

Republic of Serbia, no. 71/2010), for low power furnaces - less than 1 MWth (article 19,

apendix II). One should also take into consideration the immission values regulated by the

rulebook on borderline values, imission measuring methods, measure locations set up criteria

and data records (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 19/2006)

In

50

Table 20 are givenemission limitsforcombustionof biomass.

Table 20. Borderline emission values (BEV) for small solid fuel combustion facilites

(Regulation, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 71/2010)

Table 21 provides marginal values of emissions for gas fuelled furnaces (natural gas).

Table 21. Marginal values of emissions(MVE) for small facilities for the combustion of gas

fuel (Regulation, “Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia”, no 71/2010)

Table 22 provides marginal values of imissions (MVI) of gases in inhabited locations in open

space.

Table 22. Marginal values of emissions (MVI) of gases, soot, suspended particles and heavy

metals, sediment andaerosediment content, (Rulebook, “Official Gazette of the

Republic of Serbia”, no 54/92, 30/99 and 19/2006)

Contaminat.

matter

Unit of

measurem. Total CO NO2 SO2

Soot Susp.

particles Pb Cd Zn Hg

Gases, soot

and susp.

particle

µg/m3/dan 413,01 5 85 150 50 120 1 0,01 1 1

Sediments µg/m2/dan 655 - - 250 5 400

Sediment

matter mg/m

2/mes. 450 - - - - - - -

Parametar Vrednost

Smoke number < 1

Carbon monoxide , CO (500 kW do 1 MW) 1.000 mg/nm3

Nitric oxides, as N2 (100 kW do 1 MW) 250 mg/nm3

Volume of O2 (other solid fuels (biomass)) 13%

Allowed heat loss (50 kW do 1 MW) 12%

Parameter Value

Carbon monoxide , CO (400 kW do 10 MW) 80 mg/nm3

Nitric oxides, as N2 ( water< 110oC, > 0,05 MPa) 100 mg/nm

3

Volume of O2 3%

51

3.5. Necessary amount of biomass for hourly and seasonal work of the

boiler facility

3.5.1. Hourly consumption of biomass

Maximum declared hourly consumption of biomass of the boiler facility in Kuĉevo can be

calculated as a quotient of declared thermal power of the facility and the product of the degree

of usefulness of the facility and thermal power of the fuel (biomass) to be burnt. For the

approved starting information, hourly biomass consumption of the facility is:

mH = Q / x hd = (300 x 3600) / (0,85 x 18.000) = 70,59 kg/h

where are:

mH [kg/h] - fuel consumption.

Q [kW] - power of the hot water boiler facility,

- - -level of efficiency of the boiler facility,

hd [kJ/kg] - lowest thermal power of selected biomass.

3.5.2. Seasonal consumption of biomass

Seasonal consumption of biomass as fuel is subject to change and mostly depends on external

i.e. exploitation conditions during the heating season. It has been confirmed that maximum

thermal power of heating facility fuelled by biomass is 300 kW and that all larger heat losses

will be compensated for by light fuel oil.

Based on this, yearly biomass consumption can be calculated by the following equation:

mF/year= 24 · 3.600 · e ·y ·DD ·Q / (hd· · (tu - ts)) = 24 · 3.600 · 0,81 · 0,8 · 2.775 · 300 /

(18,000·x 0,85·x (20-(-18)) = 62.626,8 kg/year

e = et·eb - temperature and exploatation limitation coefficient, 0,9 x 0,9 = 0,81,

y - corrective coefficient (interruptions in stocking, wind), 0,8,

SD - degree – day value, 185 day x 15oC = 2775 days

oC,

Q - heating requirement, amount of heat,[kW],

Hd - lower heating value (18.000) [kJ/kg],

- efficiency of the facility (0,85),

tu - interior temperature of heated rooms (20oC) i

ts - exterior project temperature, (-18oC).

Since the plan is to store pellets in jumbo size bags 91 · 91 · 180 cm (Figure 28),which

contains 1030 kg of pellets, for the total season is needed 61 jumbo bag. But, because pellets

can successively be purchased and ordered to ensure enough supply of pellets for a month,

which is 10,323 kg, or 11 jumbo bags the boiler plant house must have 11 m2 of store space.

52

Transport jumbo bag is best to be done with a crane truck (Figure 29) or it can be trasporeted

by ordinary truck but there must be a machine which is going to unload the truck.

Figure 28. Jumbo bag

Figure 29. Crain truck

53

3.6. Economic analyses of construction the heating facility

3.6.1. Current price of the heating energhy from the used components

In thermo-energetic facility with the purpose of heating public facilities in Kuĉevo main

source will be wooden pellets purchased based on the market prices which are based on

calculation in Chapter 1.2. is 18,3 din/kg. Price of the usage of wood which will be used for

comparison in the calculations is 5.833 din/t respectfully with the trend of constant increasing

in prices.

Comparative prices of the current heating energy produced from 196,6 kW by combusting

wood and new investment where 100% of the required heat energy is produced from biomass,

estimated average rate of the efficiency in the facility are submitted in Table 23.

Table 23. Analyses of the quantity and prices of heating energy for the period 2011/2012

No. Parameters for analyse

Used materials

Current boilers With new boiler

Wood Biomass

1. Price of energy 5,83 din/kg 18,3 din/kg

2. Thermal power (hd) 16.100 kJ/kg 18.000 kJ/kg

3. Energy power 4,47 kW/kg 5,0 kWh/kg

4. The number of heating days per year 185 days 185 days

5. The number of heating hours per year 1850 hours 1850 hours

6. Nominal thermal power plants (kW) 196,6 kW 196,6 kW

7. Hourly energy consumption 87,94 kg/h 46,27 kg/h

8. The degree of utility plant 0,5 0,85

9. The total annual fuel consumption 99.870,06 kg 41.048,94 kg

10. The total annual enrgy consumption 1.607.907.888,9 738.880.966,4

11. The total annual enrgy consumption (kWh) 446.641,08 205.244,71

12. Unit cost of thermal energy 1,30 din/kWh 3,66 din/kWh

13. Total annual energy costs (din) 582.420 din 751.196 din

15. TOTAL: 5.154 eur 6.589 eur

From the Table 23 above with the simple comparison we can see that wooden pellets are 29%

cheaper from the usage of wood, technically speaking. This ratio will be lower when we add

in calculation all other related costs mainly in old facility: higher maintenance costs, labor

costs, poor boiler efficiency rate,etc

54

Table 24. Structure of the total investment

INVESTMENT

FINANCIAL SOURCES

Bank-funds Own TOTAL

I Fixed assets 7.852.238 872.471 8.724.709

1 Construction of the boiler facility 1.425.240 158.360 1.583.600

2 Equipment – boiler and process equipment 4.623.138 513.682 5.136.820

3 Heating pipes-instalation and related works 1.803.860 200.429 2.004.289

II Project documentation 0 436.235 436.235

III Working capital 0 87.554 87.554

TOTAL INVESTMENT VALUE

(I+II+III) 7.852.238 1.396.260 9.248.498

In the structure of the investment cost of preparation of project documentation is calculated at

the rate of 5%. It is estimated that from the own resources 10% of the total investment value

will be financed which is on the line with financing conditions from the development funds

mentioned bellow in the section 3.8.2.2.b.

3.6.2. Financial effectiveness with the profitability analyses

3.6.2.1. Calculation of incomes and expenses

Projection the cost structure of heating energy is showed in Table 25.

Table 25. Cost projection of 1kWh of required energy

Structure of production Produced energy Unit price Total amount

kWh din/kWh din

Heater – biomass (100%) 205.244,71 3,66 751.196

TOTAL: 205.244,71 - 751.196

In the projected structure of the cost for 1 kW producesd energy, 100% will be used from new

biomass boilers.

The average seasonal price of produced 1 kWh of energy for heating 1264 m2 facility in

Turija will be 3,66 din/kWh.

Table 26. Income statement - current operations

ELEMENTS Unit Unit price Quantity Total amount

(2011.)

Structure

(%)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

A REVENUE - - - 3.191.600 -

Heating of the premises (production costs) m2 2525,000 1264,00 3.191.600 -

B OPERATING COSTS - - - 602.420 -

Material costs(produced energy) din/kWh 1,30 446641,08 582.420 18,25

55

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Costs of energy (electricity,water) - - 20000,00 20.000 0,63

C TOTAL COSTS (B+E+F1+G1) - - - 3.191.462 -

D GROSS PROFIT (A-B) - - - 2.589.180 -

E GENERAL/ADMIN. EXPENCES - - - 2.534.042 -

Gross salaries workers 813600,00 3,00 2.440.800 76,48

Cost of services(maintainance costs,etc.) - - 58242,00 58.242 1,82

Nonmaterial costs - - - 35.000 1,10

F INCOME WITH DEPRECIATION (D-E) - - - 55.138 -

F1 Depreciation - - - 55.000 1,72

G OPERATING INCOME (F-F1) - - - 138 -

G1 Interest costs - - - 0 0,00

H INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES (G-G1) - - - 138 -

Income taxes - - - 0 -

I NET INCOME (NI) - - - 138 -

Purpose of this study was to analyze economic feasibility of the investment in construction

and equipping new boiler facility on biomass fuel.

Analyses of the current oil boiler facility shows that total costs of production of energy are

taken as a base for calculating cost of production of energy in facility of 1.264 m2

and are

2,525 din/m2 so profit basically does not exist since we are calculating savings in costs as a

feasibility of the new investment.

Table 27. Projected income statement - first year of operations

ELEMENTS Unit Unit price Quantity Total

amount

(2012.)

Structure

(%)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

A REVENUE - - - 3.191.600 -

Heating of the premises (production costs 2011.) m2 2525,00 1264,00 3.191.600 -

B OPERATING COSTS - - - 790.196 -

Material costs (produced energy) din/kWh 3,66 205244,71 751.196 26,17

Costs of energy (electricity,water) - - 39000,00 39.000 1,36

C TOTAL COSTS (B+E+F1+G1) - - - 2.870.706 -

D GROSS PROFIT (A-B) - - - 2.401.404 -

E GENERAL/ADMIN. EXPENCES - - - 1.376.955 -

Gross salaries worker 813600,00 1 813.600 28,34

Cost of services (maintainance costs,etc.) - - 75119,56 75.120 2,62

56

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Nonmaterial costs - - - 488.235 17,01

F INCOME WITH DEPRECIATION (D-E) - - - 1.024.449 -

F1 Depreciation - - - 428.727 14,93

G OPERATING INCOME (F-F1) - - - 595.722 -

G1 Interest costs - - - 274.828 9,57

H INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES (G-G1) - - - 320.894 -

Income taxes - - - 0 -

I NET INCOME (NI) - - - 320.894 -

In the structure of the revenues in upper table total costs of heating are calculated and based

on those costs and lower costs of new investment net income is calculated. This net income

represents savings in costs based on new technology and investment in construction and

equipping of biomass boiler.

Due to the usage of new biomass boilers costs of energy has been gradually increased

specially in old boilers since maintenance costs are rather high (30%) due to the very old

technology.

In firts year of the new investment business is positive with net income of 320.894 din.

while in the following years net income is gradually positive.

Projected income statement has been prepared for 5 years with proportional increase of

incomes and expences.

Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

A REVENUE 3.191.600 3.415.012 3.654.063 3.909.847 4.183.537

Heating of the premises (production

costs 2011) 3.191.600 3.415.012 3.654.063 3.909.847 4.183.537

B OPERATING COSTS 790.196 798.098 806.079 814.139 822.281

Material costs (produced energy) 751.196 758.708 766.295 773.958 781.697

Costs of energy (electricity,water) 39.000 39.390 39.784 40.182 40.584

C GROSS PROFIT (A-B) 2.401.404 2.616.914 2.847.984 3.095.708 3.361.256

D GENERAL/ADMIN. EXPENCES 1.376.955 932.607 941.583 950.649 959.805

Gross salaries 813.600 821.736 829.953 838.253 846.635

Cost of services(maintainance

costs,etc.) 75.120 75.871 76.629 77.396 78.170

Nonmaterial costs 488.235 35.000 35.000 35.000 35.000

E INCOME WITH

DEPRECIATION (C- D) 1.024.449 1.684.308 1.906.401 2.145.059 2.401.451

57

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Depreciation 428.727 404.109 381.023 359.372 339.062

F OPERATING INCOME (E-E1) 595.722 1.280.199 1.525.378 1.785.687 2.062.389

Interest costs 274.828 223.578 170.534 115.633 58.811

G INCOME BEFORE INCOME

TAXES (F-F1) 320.894 1.056.621 1.354.844 1.670.054 2.003.578

Income taxes 0 0 0 0 0

H NET INCOME (NI) 320.894 1.056.621 1.354.844 1.670.054 2.003.578

Income structure

Projected income statement is prepared for 5 years.

In the first year operating income is equal to total costs with old boilers. Further in remaining

years 7% annual increase is calculated based on the yearly increase of raw energy sources.

Structure of the costs

Operating costs as well as general/admin. expences are increased 1% on annual bases.

In the structure of income statement income tax is not calculated since there is no realized

incomes hence investment should decrease cost of energy production.

We can conclude that project is profitable from the first year of implementation since net

income is positive from the second year.

Table 28. Depreciation calculation

No. Description of the fixed assests Investment value Depriciation

rate Value 2012.

1. Construction of the boiler

facility 5.136.820 0,066 339.030

2. Equipment – boiler and process

equipment 1.583.600 0,025 39.590

3. Heating pipes-instalation and

related works 2.004.289 0,025 50.107

TOTAL: 8.724.709

428.727

In calculation of the depreciation rate for item 1, rate is 6,6% for the depreciation period of 15

years. In calculation of the depreciation rate for item 2 and 3, rate is 2,5% for the depreciation

period of 40 years.

3.6.2.2. Financial and economic cash flow

a) Financial cash flow – is specific cash-flow which purpose is to show enterprise liquidity.

As well as income statmenet shows all incomes and expences also financial cash-flow shows

all money incomes and costs.

58

Table 29. Financial cash-flow

Years 0 1 2 3 4 5

A INFLOW (1+2+3+4) 9.248.498 3.191.600 3.415.012 3.654.063 3.909.847 11.083.506

1 Total revenue - 3.191.600 3.415.012 3.654.063 3.909.847 4.183.537

2 Source of financing 9.248.498 - - - - -

a/ Loan sources 7.852.238 - - - - -

b/Own capital 1.396.260 - - - - -

3

Remaining value-fixed

assets - - - - - 6.812.416

4 Remaining value-

working capital - - - - - 87.554

B OUTFLOW

(5+6+7+8+9+10) 9.248.498 3.946.270 3.479.876 3.498.653 3.516.397 3.534.372

5 Investments 9.248.498 - - - - -

a/Fixed assets 8.724.709 - - - - -

b/Working capital 87.554 39.995 10.047 11.867 12.484 13.161

c/Project

documentation 436.235 - - - - -

6 Material costs

(produced energy) - 751.196 758.708 766.295 773.958 781.697

7 Costs of energy

(electricity,water) - 39.000 39.390 39.784 40.182 40.584

8 Gross salaries - 813.600 821.736 829.953 838.253 846.635

9 General/admin.

expences - 1.376.955 932.607 941.583 950.649 959.805

10 Annuity (1+2) - 1.739.124 1.739.124 1.739.124 1.739.124 1.739.124

1. Interest costs - 274.828 223.578 170.534 115.633 58.811

2.Instalment - 1.464.296 1.515.547 1.568.591 1.623.491 1.680.314

C INCOME (A-B) 0 -754.670 -64.864 155.410 393.451 7.549.135

b) Loan repayment plan

In exploring financing sources for the investment current possible funds are:

Serbian development fund

Loans are available for repayment period of 5 years with the possibility of grace period of one

year. Turija is in the third group with the annual interest rate from 1,5-2,5% 3% with the

down payment of 10-30% depends on loan securities. Biggest amount of loans available is 50

million dinars.

59

Table 30. Loan repayment plan

Investment-fixed assets 8.724.709

Loan amount (90%) 7.852.238

Interest rate 3,5%

Years 5

Yearly number of instalments 4

No. Annual instalment Annual interest rate Annual annuity

1 1.464.296 274.828 1.739.124

2 1.515.547 223.578 1.739.124

3 1.568.591 170.534 1.739.124

4 1.623.491 115.633 1.739.124

5 1.680.314 58.811 1.739.124

6 7.852.238 843.384 8.695.622

When loan repayment calculated it was considered that loan money for this purposes could be

obtained under preffered rates of 3,5% which is the highest than available at the fund.

c) Economic flow is cash-flow projected to provide estimation of the profitability but

considered over the year of the project implementation. Economic flow in his inflows

consider total revenue plus remaining value of the fixed assets and does not include source of

financing. They are not considered since in the profitability computation should be seen at

what extend and period project can pay back investments.

On the other hand in the outflows all investment costs are considered. Becouse of this in the

expences depreciation is not calculated, if this should have been done “costs” related to fixed

assets would be counted twice.

Table 31. Economic flow of the project

Years 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

A INFLOW (1+2+3) 0 3.191.600 3.415.012 3.654.063 3.909.847 11.083.506

1 Total revenue 0 3.191.600 3.415.012 3.654.063 3.909.847 4.183.537

2 Remaining value-fixed

assets - - - - - 6.812.416

3 Remaining value-

working capital - - - - - 87.554

B OUTFLOW

(4+5+6+7+8) 9.248.498 2.207.145 1.740.751 1.759.528 1.777.272 1.795.247

4 Investments 9.248.498 - - - - -

60

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

a/Fixed assets 8.724.709 - - - - -

b/Working capital 87.554 39.995 10.047 11.867 12.484 13.161

c/Project

documentation 436.235 - - - - -

5 Material costs (produced

energy) - 751.196 758.708 766.295 773.958 781.697

6 Costs of energy

(electricity,water) - 39.000 39.390 39.784 40.182 40.584

7 Gross salaries - 813.600 821.736 829.953 838.253 846.635

8 General/admin.

expences - 1.376.955 932.607 941.583 950.649 959.805

C INCOME (A-B) -9.248.498 984.455 1.674.261 1.894.535 2.132.575 9.288.259

3.6.2.3. Feasibility evaluation of the project

When the table of the economic flow is projected and appropriate incomes are calculated (net-

incomes) this is the point when project valuation can start. Investment projects are basically

rated according to the two type of the ratios: first is based on the static parameters (static

evaluation) and second are based on dynamic parameters (dynamic evaluation) of the project

efficiency.

Static evaluation is based on individual ratios that are calculated from the income statement

and financial cash-flow and from balance sheet from the “representative year” of the project

implementation (normaly it is 5th

year). In our case we will use as reference year third year

of project implementation.

Number of ratios that will be calculated are:

Profitability ratio

Cost of the project ratio

Accumulation ratio

Dynamic evaluation - with this evaluation is is foreseen to calculate two major

parametars, liquidity and profitability of the investments.

Numbers of ratios that will be calculated are:

Time of return of investments

Liquidity of the project (liquidity in certain year of the implementation and general

liquidity which will be assessed by comparing cumulative inflows and outflows)

Internal rate of return

Net present value

61

3.6.2.3.1 Static evaluation of the project

In order to asses static parametars values from the income statement are used for the year

2014 since project liquidity is from the first year of project implementation.

a) Profitability ratio

Profitability rate = ( Net income : Total revenues x 100 )

R = 1.354.844 / 3.654.063 x 100 = 37,1%

b) Cost of the project ratio

Cost of the project rate (Total revenues : Total expences x 100 )

E = 3.654.063 / 2.299.219 x 100 = 159%

c) Accumulation ratio

Accumulation rate (Net income / Total investment x 100)

A = 1.354.844 / 9.248.498 X 100 = 14,6%

Accumulation rate was calculated in relation to the total investment value for the project.

3.6.2.3.1 Dynamic evaluation of the project

a) Time of return of investments

Time of return of investments shows the period of time that money invested in project will be

returned to investor. In this calculation time of return was calculated based on the value

of total investment. Net incomes are basicaly decreased costs compared to ”old

investment”.

Calculation of this ratio is relatively strait: amounts of annual net incomes are deducted from

amounts of annual investments in economic flow.

Table 32. Time of return of investments

Years in project implementation Net incomes Unpaid investment instalment

"O" -9.248.498

2012 984.455 8.264.044

2013 1.674.261 6.589.783

2014 1.894.535 4.695.249

2015 2.132.575 2.562.673

2016 9.288.259 -6.725.586

VPI = 4,3

Time of return of investments is 4,3 years. Since investment amount is relatively high this is

optimum period of return of investments having in mind that 100% of the investment is

compared, amount that will be borrowed from investment funds. Structure of net incomes is

62

optimal and this time of return could be shorter which will depend on costs of materials,

amount of the investments as well as from management which will be separately evaluated

later in sensitivity analyses.

b) Liquidity of the project

Based on the projected financial cash-flow analyses it can be concluded that project liquidity

is full in whole implementation period of 5 years.

We can conclude that project is liquid from the third year of project implementation. This is

mainly becouse of high reduction in costs and investment is feasible since liquidity is not in

danger.

c) Internal rate of return

Table 33. Internal rate of return calculation

Discount rate 10,00%

Year Net incomes Discount rate Net present value

0 -9.248.498 1,00000000 -9.248.498

1 984.455 0,90909091 894.959

2 1.674.261 0,82644628 1.383.686

3 1.894.535 0,75131480 1.423.392

4 2.132.575 0,68301346 1.456.578

5 9.288.259 0,62092132 5.767.278

NPV: 1.677.394



0 -9.248.498 1,00000000 -9.248.498

1 984.455 0,86956522 856.047

2 1.674.261 0,75614367 1.265.981

3 1.894.535 0,65751623 1.245.687

4 2.132.575 0,57175325 1.219.307

5 9.288.259 0,49717674 4.617.906

NPV: -43.569

IRR= 14,9

63

Internal rate of return is calculated as follows:

10 + [1.677.394 x (15 - 10) : (1.677.394 +43.569)]= 14,9%

Since calculated amount of IRR = 14,9% is higher from weighted value of the discount rate

which relates to the financial interest rate (3,5%), and based of this calculation project is

acceptable to be implemented.

d) Net present value of the project

Method of discounted cash-flow (DCF) value represents sum of present values of future cash-

flows that company generates. It is important to calculate future values of cash-flows which

are further discounted with related rate which represents business risk with evaluate present

values.

Table 34. Relative net present value calculation



0 -9.248.498 1,00000000 -9.248.498

1 984.455 0,90909091 894.959

2 1.674.261 0,82644628 1.383.686

3 1.894.535 0,75131480 1.423.392

4 2.132.575 0,68301346 1.456.578

5 9.288.259 0,62092132 5.767.278

6.725.586 NPV: 1.677.394

RNPV= 18,1

Relative net present value is calculated as follows:

RNPV= 1.677.394 / 9.248.498 X 100 = 18,1%

3.6.2.4. Sensitivity analyses and risk assesment

3.6.2.4.1. Static sensitivity analyses

Is related to the analyses of the critical break-even point, to evaluate static points in business

where results are changed from positive to negative.

Variables that are mostly calculated are: (i) minimum utilization rate; (ii) profitability break-

even point

a) Minimum utilization rate ratio

This indicator represents break even point in utilization of the production capacity, i.e.

determines the lowest capacity utilization where business is still generates profit.

This ratio is calculated as follows:

64

Utilization rate ratio (%)= Total fixed costs / Revenues – variable costs

Utilization rate ratio = 52,4% compared to year 2014

Table 35. Profitability break even point

Years 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1 Total revenue 3.191.600 3.415.012 3.654.063 3.909.847 4.183.537

2 Variable costs 790.196 798.098 806.079 814.139 822.281

3 Fixed costs 2.080.511 1.560.294 1.493.140 1.425.654 1.357.678

4 Gross margin(TR-VC) 2.401.404 2.616.914 2.847.984 3.095.708 3.361.256

5 Profitability brak even

point FC/TR-VC 2.765.114 2.036.147 1.915.751 1.800.586 1.689.814

Fixed/margin rate 86,6% 59,6% 52,4% 46,1% 40,4%

From the above calculations we can conclude that project for construction and instalation of

thermoenergetic facility is profitable, break even point-costs of production per 1m2decrease is

from 40,4% untill 59,6% in full implementation year.

3.6.2.4.2. Dynamic sensitivity analyses

Is related to the analyses of the type and direction of the changes of dynamic parametars of

effectiveness when chosed variables are changed.

Variables that are most commonly analysed are:

Input costs – changes are analysed based on the changes of input costs for the related

investment

Investment costs – changes related to the different construction, equipment costs, etc.

are analysed

Table 36. Dynamic sensitivity analyses

Parametars % change TRoI PR IRR RNPV

Input costs

Cost of produced energy -10,00 4,0 39,00% 15,7 21,6

Cost of produced energy 10,00 4,4 35,00% 14,0 14,7

Investment costs

IV -15,00 4,2 38,00% 16,2 24,0

Own contribution : loan 30 - 70 3,9 38,00% 16,7 39,6

Own contribution : loan 50 - 50 3,1 39,00% 27,5 123,6

Best scenario

IV

Own contribution : loan

-10,00

50 - 50 2,9 39,00% 28,4 133,4

65

TRoI – Time of return of investments, PR – Profitability rate, IRR – Internal rate of return,

RNPV – Relative net present value, IV – Investment value

From the results of this analyses the following conclusions are:

Scenario - Input costs changed

There is much lower degree of sensitivity to variation in the price of pellets which has

a positive effect on profitability and payback time. If contracted supply of pellets from

local companies it is expected that price will be stable.

Scenario - Investment costs changed

Higher degree of sensitivity is If investments are more efficient i.e. lower, there will

be decrease in TRoI, IRR and RNPV will be higher. It is expected that when business

plan for final investment and tender will be realized prices of investment will drop

from 5-15% respectively.

If investment would be financed 100% by loans it would be still possible to take loan

from commercial banks since IRR is slightly positive while profitability is still high

thus development funds will be the main sources of financing.

Best case scenario

Focus in next period should be in optimization of the investments and usage of

development funds from IPA preaccesion programs for financing projects

3.6.2.4.3. Potential risk analyses

In this chapter we will analyze the following:

1. Rekonstruction of the existing boiler facility and exchange of the current boiler

with the biomass one

In Table 37 potential risk analyses is presented with type of risk and preventive measures for

the investment of thermoenergetic facility

Table 37. Potential risk analyses

No

. Risk type

NO/Y

ES Preventive measure

1. Reducing the need for service NO Keeping energy prices on stable level. Prices of energy

could be controled, even decreased if boilers are

replaced

2. Irregularity in supply of raw

materials or spare parts

NO Slabile contracts for biomass suply

3. Unequal quality of raw materials or

spare parts

NO Slabile contracts for biomass suply

4. Lack of skilled labor NO Additional training for working with new boilers

5. Changing the value of money in

country YES Stable financing resources

6. Changing prices for raw materials YES Slabile contracts for biomass suply

66

7. Changed market regulations YES Project should be fully adopted with the EU

requirements in next 5-10 years

2. Improving current efficiency of the boilers and heating systems by introducing

short term investments

Table 38. Anylizes of the cost savings vs. new investments

TYPE OF WORKS

Energy savings

(per year)

Investments

(din)

Ratio-energy savings vs. investments

Styrofoam instalation 191.771,73 1.326.629,00 1:6,9

Instalation of windows 142.622,85 266.690,00 1:1,9

UKUPNO: 334.394,59 1.593.319,00 1:4,4

From the current table we can see overview of the potential construction works. We could

notice that with the styrofoam instalation investment value is 6,9 times higher compared to

annual cost savings. With the instalation of windows investment is 1,9 times higher compared

to annual cost savings.

From this analyse we can conclude the following:

- since the age of the current boilers is over 40 years, there is a very high risk to finance

full investment while still old boilers needs to be changed sooner or later

- only feasible short term action is instalation of termostatic valves since their value

could be returned in short period of time

3.6.2.5. Analyses of financial sources and financial liabilities

In the projected investment 90% of the investment will be provided from the loan, while

another 10% will be from own resources or other grant sources. It is estimated that loans will

be taken from domestic resources (National investment fund, Vojvodina development fund,

Serbian development fund, etc.). For the remaining 10% there should be subsidies obtained

from Serbian funds as well as EU pre accesion funds for improving energy efficiency on local

level.

3.6.3. Economic evaluation of the project

Major conclusions of the economic evaluation – investment feasibility of the thermoenergetic

facility for heating public facility in Kuĉevo Municipality are as follows:

Liquidity of the project after third year of investment

Project need to provide 10% of own financial resources

Cost of the project ratio is (159%) and accumulation ratio is (14,6%)

Project is profitable (37,1%) in all implementation years

Time of return of investments is 4 years and 3 months

Project is with low risk

67

Public approval is high – biomass will be obtained from local companies and

dependance on used wood will be reduced with the good impact of environment

3.6.4. Summarized economic feasibility investment evaluation

Based on the proposed technology, analyses of economic parameters as well as finacial

analyses overall conclusions are:

Study shows that investment in biomass boilers is feasible for heating choosed public

facilities in Turija Municipality

Economic parameters are positive for usage of biomass in region of Turija

Municipality which affects increased household incomes

Looking in the long term there will be reduced usage of natural wood which will have

positive impact on the environment as well as reduction of gas emmisions with usage

of modern boilers

Stability of supply of raw materials and price stability of heating costs will be

achieved as well as decrease of heating costs will be obtained on the long run

Worst case scenario – is if 90% of the loan is taken from development fund and if energy

price increase for 10% (Table 36), but in this scenario all results are positive, profitability rate

is 35%, IRR is 14,0%, time of the investment return is 4,4 years.

Optimum scenario – 30% potential subsidy/grant and loan from development fund of 70%

(Table 36). Results are very positive, time of the ivestment return is 3,9 years, IRR is 16,7%

and after this period price of heating per 1 m2 could drop by 52-54% (Table 35).

The best case scenario – 50% potential subsidy/grant and loan from even commertial of

50% (Table 36). and increase in investment costs of 10%. IRR here is 28,4% , time of the

ivestment return is 2,9 years and after this period price of heating per 1 m2 could drop by 46-

48% (Table 35)

68

3.7. Conclusions

Kuĉevo municipality has at its disposal 32.215 ha of agricultural soil and 35.915 ha of forests.

Total average sown area is 11.870 ha, with 6.600 ha under corn, 4.150 ha under wheat, 1.100

ha under barley and 20 ha under sunflower. Other cultures hold less area.

It is estimated that the total amount of agricultural biomass that can be gained from

aforementioned agricultural land is 52.296 t annually, when it would be converted into energy

715.022.000 MJ of thermal energy would be gained.

The total savings that can be achieved in terms of energy amounts are 933.746.210 MJ, and

that amount of energy would enable the municipality of Kuĉevo to build thermal power plant

of over 10 MW.

In paricular it can be saved 7.768.698 € from all available biomass.

The most important criteria when selecting public use property to be heated by thermal energy

gained from biomass combustion are:

that they are public use properties significant to local self-government,

that there is one or more facilities, that have need for large amount of thermal energy,

taht facilities location is not intertwined with existing piping systems (central heating

system of city), i.e. that they are located in places where city‟s central heating network

will not reach in foreseeable future,

that selected locations have enough space for the construction the boiler plant and

smaller biomass depot, including physical separation from existing units, (manly due to

hygienic and fire safety requirements),

that the location for construction of the facility is in the vicinity of existing gas or liquid

fuel powered boilers, so that systems of boiler facilities can work complementarily, i.e.

to use joint collectors,

that properties have satisfactory internal pipe network of heating units or that it doesn‟t

have any installations so the internal heating installation of adequate technical

characteristics can be designed and built,

that the owner of the location where the boiler plant and depot are planned is known,

that pipe installation between several selected objects will not be overly long and

complex for construction,

that there are adequate access roads for depot facilities for delivery of biomass for

combustion and other purposes.

Considering set criteria and on the basis of the perceived situation of properties of stated

public services and institutions in the Kuĉevo municipality, as well as on the basis of the

proposal of municipal management, and in agreement with the representative of UNDP

Serbia, it has been decided that heating with the system powered by biomass uses for

generating heat for two public facilities in Kuĉevo:

Elementary School „Veljko Dugošević“ in Turija

69

Starting with selected types and forms of biomass to be used for combustion, spatial

limitations, ecological and legal norms and standards with the imperative for minimal

expenses for the Kuĉevo municipality thermo energetic facility where wood pellets burned by

a stoker with a moving andiron.

The technology suggested has several important advantages that could be briefly described as

the following:

It combusts fuel (wood pellets) which is very common on the Serbian market. The

fuel could be bought successively, i. e. as needed, which means that it is not

necessary to buy the total amount of fuel needed once a year,

Combustion of wood pellets could be completely automated with a total

mechanization of the pellet manipulation process,

Emission of harmful gasses could be maintained in the allowed limits,

The wood pallet combustion plant could be put in various modes,

While working in this plant, the wood pellets will not be affected by the problems of

solubility as is the case with combustion of biomass form the agricultural production.

It is defined that thermal energy facility for heating of selected facilitirs in Kuĉevo should

operate on wood pellets, and as such must satisfy the following technical, economic and

ecological requirements:

That it produces required quantity of energy (300 kW),

That existing equipment and infrastructure be used optimally,

That high level of cost effectiveness ensured in the operation of the facility, i.e. a

competitive cost of production of thermal energy compared to production where wood and coal is used,

That environment pollution is in accordance with local and European norms,

That a high level of reliability and availability of the facility be ensured in all work

modes,

That modern level of work management and control be ensured in both facilities,

That modern level of maintenance beensured with minimal expenses,

That during the manipulation of bales of biomass for combustion satisfactory hygienic

conditions be maintained,

It is expected that energy efficiency of the facilities for combustion of wood pellets in

Kuĉevo, during the work with wood pellets of 12% moisture,will be 85%.

The new boiler is going to work in 90/70oC regime, since the current heating system operates

in that regime.

For the preparation of the sanitary water, in the new boiler room, provided is a standing hot

water boiler made of stainless material, with a volume of V = 300 l.

70

Expenses for the construction of the thermal energy facility for heating of public use

properties in Kuĉevo are 9.137.894 din, for the value of euro of 114 din/€.

Termo – tecnical an processing equipment 5.136.820 din

Building a boiler house 1.583.600 din

Hot water pipe lines 926.509 din

Makeing of internal termotehnical installation 1.077.780 din

Project documentation 413.185 din

Unit costs of the investment are:

Compared to installed power: 30.459,65 din/kW

Compared to heating area: 7.229,35 din/m2

Maximum declared hourly expenditure of biomass in the boiler facility is 70,59 kg/h.

Seasonal consumption of biomass as fuel is subject to change and mostly depends of external

i.e. exploitation conditions during the heating season. According to total losses of selected

public use properties in Kuĉevo is necessary to provide 62.627 t/heating season of biomass

(decided on wood pellets).

Pellets will be purchased in the continuity from the market and they will be stored in the

existing coal storage in jumbo bags, so there is no need for construction of any storages.

Transport of pellets to boiler facility should be conceived that onecs a mounth a truck with

crain brings 11 jumbo bags with pellets.

3.6.3. Economic evaluation of the project

Major conclusions of the economic evaluation – investment feasibility of the thermoenergetic

facility for heating public facility in Kuĉevo Municipality are as follows:

Liquidity of the project after third year of investment

Project need to provide 10% of own financial resources

Cost of the project ratio is (159%) and accumulation ratio is (14,6%)

Project is profitable (37,1%) in all implementation years

Time of return of investments is 4 years and 3 months

Project is with low risk

Public approval is high – biomass will be obtained from local companies and

dependance on used wood will be reduced with the good impact of environment

Summarized economic feasibility investment evaluation

Based on the proposed technology, analyses of economic parameters as well as finacial

analyses overall conclusions are:

Study shows that investment in biomass boilers is feasible for heating choosed public

facilities in Kuĉevo municipality

71

Economic parameters are positive for usage of biomass in region of Turija

Municipality which affects increased household incomes

Looking in the long term there will be reduced usage of natural wood which will have

positive impact on the environment as well as reduction of gas emmisions with usage

of modern boilers

Stability of supply of raw materials and price stability of heating costs will be

achieved as well as decrease of heating costs will be obtained on the long run

72

3.8. Literature

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76

4. APPENDIX

A. TEXT APPEDNDIX

01. CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS OF HEAT

02. BILL OF QUANTITIES OF BUILDING A NEW BOILER ROOM

B. GRAPHICAL APPENDIX

01. OVERVIEW OF OBJECT TO SETTLEMENT SATELLITE IMAGE

02. SITE PLAN

03. GOROUND FLOOR WITH HEATING INSTALLATIONS

04. FIRST FLOOR WITH HEATING INSTALLATIONS

05. SITE PLAN WITH HOT WATER PIPE LINES

06. TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME

07. CONNECTION OF ELEMETS IN THE BOILER ROOM - SCHEME

08. CONNECTING OF ELEMENTS IN THE BOILER ROOM

TECHNICAL CALCULATIONS

STATUS OF ROOMS

Room Room Temp. in Temp. in Heat losses Room

number name win. mode summ. mode in the room status

- - tp tp Q -

- - oC

oC W -

01 02 03 04 05 06


1 WINDSHIELD 15 26 1448 TREATED

2 HALL 20 26 8411 TREATED

3 CLASSROOM 20 26 10050 TREATED

4 OFFICE 20 26 2584 TREATED

5 OFFICE 20 26 2314 TREATED

6 PRINCIPAL'S OFFICE 20 26 4941 TREATED



9 DINING ROOM 20 26 17213 TREATED

10 KITCHEN 18 26 2509 TREATED

11 KITCHEN - FOOD ISSUE 18 26 2741 TREATED

12 STORAGE 3 26 - NOT TREATED

13 SPORTS ROOM 20 26 13053 TREATED

14 DRESSING ROOM FOR TEACHERS 24 26 1814 TREATED

15 WAREHOUSE 3 26 - NOT TREATED

16 DRESSING ROOM 1 24 26 1682 TREATED

17 DRESSING ROOM 2 24 26 1200 TREATED

18 HALL 20 26 1647 TREATED

19 MALE TOILET - STUDENTS 20 26 1367 TREATED

20 MALE TOILET - TEACHERS 20 26 179 TREATED

21 FEMALE TOILET - TEACHERS 20 26 896 TREATED

22 TOILET - HALL 20 26 748 TREATED

23 FEMALE TOILET - STUDENTS 15 26 1367 TREATED

T O T A L: 94789

F I R S T F L O O R

1,1 HALL 20 26 2982 TREATED

1,2 CLASSROOM 20 26 10242 TREATED








1,10 LIBRARY 20 26 3873 TREATED

1,11 HALL 20 26 17396 TREATED

1,12 STAIRS 20 26 2883 TREATED


T O T A L: 101847

S U M M A R Y

G R O U N D F L O O R 94789

F I R S T F L O O R 101847

T O T A L: 196636

HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT TECHNICAL CALCULATIONS

Material Thickness Heat transf. coeff. Thermal resist.

- d l R

- m W/mK m2K/W

01 02 03 04

FRONTAL WALL 1

Mortar 0,025 0,870 0,029

Solid brick 0,450 0,740 0,608

Lime mortar 0,020 0,810 0,025

T O T A L: 0,50 0,662

Thermal resistance from the inside 0,130

Air layer thermal resistance -

Thermal resistance from the outside 0,040

TOTAL THERMAL RESISTANCE: 0,832

HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 1,20

FRONTAL WALL 2

Mortar 0,025 0,870 0,029

Solid brick 0,300 0,740 0,405

Lime mortar 0,020 0,810 0,025

T O T A L: 0,35 0,459






FRONTAL WALL 3

Mortar 0,025 0,870 0,029

Clay block 0,250 0,580 0,431

Lime mortar 0,020 0,810 0,025

T O T A L: 0,30 0,485






INTERNAL WALL 1

Lime mortar 0,025 0,810 0,031

Solid brick 0,450 0,740 0,608

Lime mortar 0,025 0,810 0,031

T O T A L: 0,50 0,670






INTERNAL WALL 2

Lime mortar 0,025 0,810 0,031

Solid brick 0,300 0,740 0,405

Lime mortar 0,025 0,810 0,031

T O T A L: 0,35 0,467






INTERNAL WALL 3

Lime mortar 0,025 0,810 0,031

Solid brick 0,150 0,740 0,203

Lime mortar 0,025 0,810 0,031

T O T A L: 0,20 0,265






INTERNAL WALL 4

Lime mortar 0,025 0,810 0,031

Clay block 0,200 0,580 0,345

Lime mortar 0,025 0,810 0,031

T O T A L: 0,25 0,407






FLOOR ON THE GROUND 1

Decking floor 0,024 0,140 0,171

Cement layer 0,030 1,400 0,021

Charged concrete 0,150 2,330 0,064

Waterproofing 0,001 0,000

Gravel 0,100 0,000

T O T A L: 0,31 0,256







Ceramic tiles 0,010 1,050 0,010

Cement layer 0,040 1,400 0,029



Gravel 0,100 0,000

T O T A L: 0,30 0,103







Ceramic tiles 0,010 1,050 0,010

Cement layer 0,040 1,400 0,029

Tervol 0,050 0,041 1,220



Gravel 0,100 0,000

T O T A L: 0,30 1,302






STRUCTURAL FLOORS 1

Decking floor 0,024 0,210 0,114

Slug (buffer) 0,060 0,190 0,316

AB board 0,100 2,040 0,049

Vazduh 0,300 0,000 0,120

Wood (lath) 0,030 0,140 0,214

Reed 0,015 0,093 0,161

Reedy mortar 0,025 0,170 0,118

T O T A L: 0,55 1,092






STRUCTURAL FLOORS 2

Parquet 0,024 0,210 0,114

Cement screed 0,040 1,400 0,029

Concrete 0,040 2,040 0,020

TM 3 0,160 0,580 0,276

Lime mortar 0,020 0,810 0,025

T O T A L: 0,28 0,464






STRUCTURAL FLOOR TO ATTIC 1

Wooden piles 0,030 0,140 0,214

Attic (mud+straw) 0,080 0,700 0,114

AB board 0,100 2,040 0,049

Air 0,300 0,000 0,120

Wood (lath) 0,030 0,140 0,214

Reed 0,015 0,093 0,161

Reedy mortar 0,020 0,170 0,118

T O T A L: 0,58 0,990






STRUCTURAL FLOOR TO ATTIC 2

PVC foil 0,003 0,000 0,000

Tervol 0,050 0,041 1,220

Concrete 0,040 2,040 0,020

TM 3 0,160 0,580 0,276

Lime mortar 0,020 0,810 0,025

T O T A L: 0,27 1,541






STRUCTURAL FLOOR TO OPEN PASSAGE

Decking floor 0,024 0,210 0,114

Slug (buffer) 0,060 0,190 0,316

AB board 0,100 2,040 0,049

Air 0,300 0,000 0,120

Wood (lath) 0,030 0,140 0,214

Reed 0,015 0,093 0,161

Reedy mortar 0,020 0,170 0,118

T O T A L: 0,55 1,092






EXTERNAL WOODEN WINDOW WITH SPACED WINGS


EXTERNAL WOODEN DOOR (WITH GLASS)


EXTERNAL TERMAL INSULATED METAL DOOR


INTERNAL WOODEN DOOR


INTERNAL WOODEN WINDOW


HEAT LOSS CALCULATION

Heat loss calculation is done according to the formula:

Qg = Qt + Qd

Here is:

Qt - Transmission heat losses W

Transmission heat losses calculation is done according to the formula:

Qt = k x F x (tp - ts)

Here is:

k - Heat transfer coefficient through the barrier W m2K

F - Barrier area m2

tp - Design temperature in the room C

ts - External design temperature in winter mode C

Qd - Heat loss from supplements W

Heat loss from supplements is done according to the formula:

Qd = Qss + Qp + Qv

Here is:

Qss - Supplements to the side of world W

Qp - Supplements to the discontinuation of work W

Qv - Supplement to the outside air blowing through the windows joints [W]

Supplement to the outside air blowing through the windows joints is done

according to the formula:

Qv = * (a1 * l1) + (a2 * l2) * R * H * (tp - ts)

Ovde je:

- Height correction factor

a1 - Permeability through the outer window [m2/mhPa

2/3]a2 - Permeability through the outer door [m2

/mhPa2/3]

l1 - Gap length window [m]

l1 - Length of the neck joints [m]

R - Characteristics of the room

H - Performance of the building

Barr. Orien- Num. of Barrier Heat tr. Room Temp. Temp. Spec. Barrier Barrier Barrier Heat

mark tation peaces thick. coeff. temp. beh.barr. diff. heat flux length height area flux

- - n k tp ts t q L H F Q

- - - m W/m2K

oC

oC K W/m

2 m m m2 W

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13


ROOM NAME: WINDSHIELD

ROOM NUMBER: 1

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 15

ROOM ORIENTATION W

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh

MKS 1 - 1 - 0,74 15 20 -5 -3,70 3,00 2,70 8,10 -30

SZ 1 W 1 0,50 1,20 15 -18 33 39,66 2,70 4,25 11,48 455

PZ 2 - 2 0,35 1,38 15 20 -5 -6,88 3,00 4,25 12,75 -175

PZ 2 - 1 0,35 1,38 15 20 -5 -6,88 2,70 4,25 11,48 -79

SV W 1 - 3,50 15 -18 33 115,50 1,60 2,10 3,36 388

UV - 1 - 2,30 15 20 -5 -11,50 1,60 2,10 3,36 -39

PNT 2 - 1 0,30 3,66 15 3 12 43,96 3,00 2,70 8,10 356

ODB1 W 1 - 1,20 15 -18 33 39,66 1,65 -2,10 -3,47 -137

ODB2 - 1 - 1,38 15 20 -5 -6,88 1,65 -2,10 -3,47 24

TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 763

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORRECT. DISC. OF WORK 19% Qpr = 145

33 a1 =0,60 a2 = 0,00 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =9,50 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = *(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H* t = 540

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 685

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 1448

ROOM NAME: HALL

ROOM NUMBER: 2


ROOM ORIENTATION W


SZ 1 E 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 2,70 4,25 11,48 524

PZ 1 W 1 0,50 1,08 20 18 2 2,15 6,50 4,25 27,63 59

PZ 1 - 1 0,50 1,08 20 18 2 2,15 2,70 4,25 11,48 25

PZ 2 - 1 0,35 1,38 20 15 5 6,88 2,70 4,25 11,48 79

SV E 1 - 3,50 20 -18 38 133,00 1,40 2,10 2,94 391

UV - 1 - 2,30 20 18 2 4,60 0,90 2,10 1,89 9

UV - 1 - 2,30 20 15 5 11,50 1,60 2,10 3,36 39

PNT 2 - 1 0,30 3,66 20 3 17 62,27 1,00 88,24 88,24 5495

ODB1 E 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 1,40 -2,10 -2,94 -134

ODB2 - 1 0,50 1,08 20 18 2 2,15 0,90 -2,10 -1,89 -4

ODB3 - 1 0,35 1,38 20 15 5 6,88 1,60 -2,10 -3,36 -23





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =9,10 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: CLASSROOM

ROOM NUMBER: 3


ROOM ORIENTATION N


SZ 1 W 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 6,10 4,25 25,93 1184

SZ 1 N 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 9,30 4,25 39,53 1805

PZ 1 - 1 0,50 1,08 20 18 2 2,15 6,10 4,25 25,93 56

SP N 3 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 1146

PNT 1 - 1 0,31 2,35 20 3 17 39,91 6,10 9,30 56,73 2264

ODB1 N 1 - 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 1,65 -6,30 -10,40 -475




38 a1 = 0,60 a2 = 0,00 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =36,60 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: OFFICE

ROOM NUMBER: 4


ROOM ORIENTATION W


SZ 1 W 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 2,80 4,25 11,90 544

SZ 1 S 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 1,00 4,25 4,25 194

SP W 1 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 382

PNT 1 - 1 0,31 2,35 20 3 17 39,91 2,80 4,60 12,88 514

ODB1 W 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 1,65 -2,10 -3,47 -158





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =12,20 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: OFFICE

ROOM NUMBER: 5


ROOM ORIENTATION W


SZ 1 W 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 3,00 4,25 12,75 582

PZ 2 - 1 0,35 1,38 20 15 5 6,88 3,00 4,25 12,75 88

SP W 1 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 382

PNT 1 - 1 0,31 2,35 20 3 17 39,91 3,00 3,00 9,00 359

ODB1 W 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 1,65 -2,10 -3,47 -158





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =12,20 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: PRINCIPAL'S OFFICE

ROOM NUMBER: 6


ROOM ORIENTATION W


SZ 1 W 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 2,60 4,25 11,05 505

SZ 1 N 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 1,00 4,25 4,25 194

SZ 1 W 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 3,10 4,25 13,18 602

PZ 2 - 1 0,35 1,38 20 15 5 6,88 3,00 4,25 12,75 88

SP W 2 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 764

PNT 1 - 1 0,31 2,35 20 3 17 39,91 1,00 23,26 23,26 928

ODB1 W 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 1,65 -2,10 -3,47 -158

ODB2 W 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 1,65 -2,10 -3,47 -158





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =24,40 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90





ROOM NUMBER: 7


ROOM ORIENTATION S


SZ 1 W 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 6,10 4,25 25,93 1184

SZ 1 S 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 9,30 4,25 39,53 1805

SZ 1 E 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 6,10 4,25 25,93 1184

SP S 3 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 1146

PNT 1 - 1 0,31 2,35 20 3 17 39,91 6,10 9,30 56,73 2264

ODB1 S 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 1,65 -6,30 -10,40 -475


TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD -5% Qss = -355



LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =36,60 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90





ROOM NUMBER: 8


ROOM ORIENTATION S


SZ 1 S 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 9,00 4,25 38,25 1747

SP S 3 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 1146

PNT 1 - 1 0,31 2,35 20 3 17 39,91 9,00 6,00 54,00 2155

ODB1 S 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 1,65 -6,30 -10,40 -475





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =36,60 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: DINNING ROOM

ROOM NUMBER: 9


ROOM ORIENTATION N


SZ 1 S 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 9,30 4,25 39,53 1805

SZ 1 N 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 12,00 4,25 51,00 2329

PZ 2 - 1 0,35 1,38 20 18 2 2,75 9,30 4,25 39,53 109

SP S 3 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 1146

SP N 3 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 1146

UV - 1 - 2,30 20 18 2 4,60 1,00 2,10 2,10 10

UP - 1 - 3,40 20 18 2 6,80 0,80 0,80 0,64 4

PNT 2 - 1 0,30 3,66 20 3 17 62,27 1,00 93,24 93,24 5806

ODB1 S 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 1,65 -6,30 -10,40 -475

ODB2 N 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 1,65 -6,30 -10,40 -475

ODB3 - 1 0,35 1,38 20 18 2 2,75 1,00 -2,50 -2,50 -7





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =36,60 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: KITCHEN

ROOM NUMBER: 10


ROOM ORIENTATION S


MKS 1 - 1 0,55 0,74 18 20 -2 -1,48 2,90 6,00 17,40 -26

SZ 1 S 1 0,50 1,20 18 -18 36 43,27 2,90 4,25 12,33 533

PZ 2 - 2 0,35 1,38 18 20 -2 -2,75 6,00 4,25 25,50 -140

SP S 1 - 2,90 18 -18 36 104,40 1,65 2,10 3,47 362

UV - 1 - 2,30 18 20 -2 -4,60 1,00 2,10 2,10 -10

PNT 2 - 1 0,30 3,66 18 3 15 54,95 2,90 6,00 17,40 956

ODB1 S 1 0,50 1,20 18 -18 36 43,27 1,65 -2,10 -3,47 -150

ODB2 - 2 0,35 1,38 18 20 -2 -2,75 1,00 -2,10 -2,10 12





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =12,20 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: KITCHEN - FOOD ISSUE

ROOM NUMBER: 11


ROOM ORIENTATION N


MKS 1 - 1 0,55 0,74 18 20 -2 -1,48 3,00 2,90 8,70 -13

SZ 1 N 1 0,50 1,20 18 -18 36 43,27 3,00 4,25 12,75 552

PZ 2 - 1 0,35 1,38 18 20 -2 -2,75 2,90 4,25 12,33 -34

PZ 3 - 1 0,20 1,91 18 3 15 28,59 2,90 4,25 12,33 352

SP N 1 - 2,90 18 -18 36 104,40 1,65 2,10 3,47 362

UP - 1 - 3,40 18 20 -2 -6,80 0,80 0,80 0,64 -4

UV - 1 - 2,30 18 3 15 34,50 1,00 2,10 2,10 72

PNT 2 - 1 0,30 3,66 18 3 15 54,95 3,00 2,90 8,70 478

ODB1 N 1 0,50 1,20 18 -18 36 43,27 1,65 -2,10 -3,47 -150

ODB2 - 1 0,35 1,38 18 20 -2 -2,75 0,80 -0,80 -0,64 2

ODB3 - 1 0,20 1,91 18 3 15 28,59 0,70 -2,10 -1,47 -42





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =12,20 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: SPORTS ROOM

ROOM NUMBER: 13


ROOM ORIENTATION S


SZ 1 S 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 15,20 4,25 64,60 2950

SZ 1 E 1 0,50 1,20 20 17 3 3,61 6,00 4,25 25,50 92

PZ 2 - 1 0,35 1,38 20 -18 38 52,29 6,00 4,25 25,50 1333

PZ 2 - 1 0,35 1,38 20 18 2 2,75 3,10 4,25 13,18 36

PZ 2 - 1 0,35 1,38 20 3 17 23,39 5,50 4,25 23,38 547

PZ 2 - 1 0,35 1,38 20 24 -4 -5,50 4,60 4,25 19,55 -108

SP S 4 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,10 1,40 1,54 679

SV 1 S 1 - 4,00 20 -18 38 152,00 1,40 2,60 3,64 553

UV - 1 - 2,30 20 24 -4 -9,20 0,90 2,10 1,89 -17

PNT 1 - 1 0,31 2,35 20 3 17 39,91 15,20 6,00 91,20 3639

ODB1 S 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 1,00 -9,90 -9,90 -452

ODB2 - 1 0,35 1,38 20 3 17 23,39 0,90 -2,10 -1,89 -44





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =33,40 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: DRESSING ROOM FOR TEACHERS

ROOM NUMBER: 14


ROOM ORIENTATION N


MKS 1 - 1 0,55 0,74 24 20 4 2,96 2,00 2,90 5,80 17

SZ 1 N 1 0,50 1,20 24 -18 42 50,48 2,00 4,50 9,00 454

PZ 2 - 1 0,35 1,38 24 3 21 28,90 2,90 4,50 13,05 377

PZ 2 - 1 0,35 1,38 24 20 4 5,50 2,00 4,50 9,00 50

SP N 1 - 2,90 24 -18 42 121,80 0,80 0,80 0,64 78

UV - 1 - 2,30 24 20 4 9,20 0,90 2,10 1,89 17

PNT 1 - 1 0,31 2,35 24 3 21 49,30 2,00 2,90 5,80 286

ODB1 N 1 0,50 1,20 24 -18 42 50,48 0,80 -0,80 -0,64 -32

ODB2 - 1 0,35 1,38 24 20 4 5,50 0,90 -2,10 -1,89 -10





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =3,20 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: DRESSING ROOM 1

ROOM NUMBER: 16


ROOM ORIENTATION N


MKS 1 - 1 0,55 0,74 24 20 4 2,96 2,50 2,90 7,25 21

SZ 1 N 1 0,50 1,20 24 -18 42 50,48 2,50 3,25 8,13 410

SZ 1 E 1 0,50 1,20 24 3 21 25,24 2,90 2,10 6,09 154

PZ 3 - 1 0,20 1,91 24 20 4 7,62 1,40 3,25 4,55 35

UV - 1 - 2,30 24 20 4 9,20 0,80 2,10 1,68 15

PNT 1 - 1 0,31 2,35 24 3 21 49,30 2,50 2,90 7,25 357

ODB1 - 1 0,20 1,91 24 20 4 7,62 0,80 -2,10 -1,68 -13





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =5,80 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: DRESSING ROOM 2

ROOM NUMBER: 17


ROOM ORIENTATION E


MKS 1 W 1 0,55 0,74 24 20 4 2,96 2,50 2,90 7,25 21

SZ 1 - 1 0,50 1,20 24 3 21 25,24 2,90 2,30 6,67 168

PZ 2 W 1 0,35 1,38 24 20 4 5,50 2,50 2,35 5,88 32

PZ 3 - 1 0,20 1,91 24 20 4 7,62 2,50 2,35 5,88 45

UV - 1 - 2,30 24 20 4 9,20 0,80 2,10 1,68 15

PNT 1 - 1 0,31 2,35 24 3 21 49,30 2,50 2,90 7,25 357

ODB1 - 1 0,20 1,91 24 20 4 7,62 0,80 -2,10 -1,68 -13





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =5,80 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: HALL

ROOM NUMBER: 18


ROOM ORIENTATION W


SZ 1 W 1 0,50 1,20 20 -18 38 45,67 3,50 4,25 14,88 679

PZ 3 - 1 0,20 1,91 20 24 -4 -7,62 2,90 4,25 12,33 -94

SV W 1 - 3,50 20 -18 38 133,00 0,80 2,10 1,68 223

UV - 2 - 2,30 20 24 -4 -9,20 0,70 2,10 1,47 -27

PNT 1 - 1 0,31 2,35 20 3 17 39,91 2,10 2,90 6,09 243

ODB1 - 1 0,20 1,91 20 24 -4 -7,62 1,40 -2,10 -2,94 22





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =5,80 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: MALE TOILET - STUDENTS

ROOM NUMBER: 19


ROOM ORIENTATION E


SZ 3 E 1 0,30 1,53 20 -18 38 58,02 1,80 2,80 5,04 292

SV E 1 - 3,50 20 -18 38 133,00 1,40 2,10 2,94 391

PNT 3 - 1 0,30 0,68 20 3 17 11,55 1,80 6,50 11,70 135

ODB1 E 1 0,30 1,53 20 -18 38 58,02 1,40 -2,10 -2,94 -171





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =9,10 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: MALE TOILET - TEACHERS

ROOM NUMBER: 20


ROOM ORIENTATION E


MKS 2 - 1 0,27 1,38 20 22 -2 -2,76 2,75 3,95 10,86 -30

PZ 4 - 1 0,25 1,50 20 15 5 7,50 2,75 2,80 7,70 58

PNT 3 - 1 0,30 0,68 20 3 17 11,55 2,75 3,95 10,86 125





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =0,00 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: FEMALE TOILET

ROOM NUMBER: 21


ROOM ORIENTATION E


SZ 3 E 1 0,30 1,53 20 -18 38 58,02 2,00 2,80 5,60 325

PZ 4 - 1 0,25 1,50 20 15 5 7,50 3,65 2,80 10,22 77

SP E 2 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 0,50 0,50 0,25 55

PNT 3 - 1 0,30 0,68 20 3 17 11,55 1,00 9,90 9,90 114

ODB1 E 1 0,30 1,53 20 -18 38 58,02 0,50 -1,00 -0,50 -29





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =4,00 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: TOILET - HALL

ROOM NUMBER: 22


ROOM ORIENTATION E


SZ 3 E 1 0,30 1,53 20 -18 38 58,02 2,00 2,80 5,60 325

SP E 2 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 0,50 0,50 0,25 55

PNT 3 - 1 0,30 0,68 20 3 17 11,55 2,00 2,50 5,00 58

ODB1 E 1 0,30 1,53 20 -18 38 58,02 0,50 -1,00 -0,50 -29





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =4,00 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: FEMALE TOILET - STUDENTS

ROOM NUMBER: 23


ROOM ORIENTATION E


SZ 3 E 1 0,30 1,53 20 -18 38 58,02 1,80 2,80 5,04 292

SV E 1 - 3,50 20 -18 38 133,00 1,40 2,10 2,94 391

PNT 3 - 1 0,30 0,68 20 3 17 11,55 1,80 6,50 11,70 135

ODB1 E 1 0,30 1,53 20 -18 38 58,02 1,40 -2,10 -2,94 -171





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =9,10 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




FIRST FLOOR

ROOM NAME: HALL

ROOM NUMBER: 1,1


ROOM ORIENTATION W


MKT 1 - 1 0,58 0,86 20 -12 32 27,59 2,20 15,70 34,54 953

SZ 2 E 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 2,70 4,35 11,75 710

SP E 1 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 382

ODB1 E 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 1,65 -2,10 -3,47 -209





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =12,20 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90





ROOM NUMBER: 1,2


ROOM ORIENTATION N


MKT 1 - 1 0,58 0,86 20 -12 32 27,59 6,10 9,30 56,73 1565

SZ 2 W 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 6,10 4,35 26,54 1603

SZ 2 N 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 9,30 4,35 40,46 2444

SP - 3 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 1146

ODB1 W 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 1,65 -6,30 -10,40 -628





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =36,60 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90





ROOM NUMBER: 1,3


ROOM ORIENTATION W


MKT 1 - 1 0,58 0,86 20 -12 32 27,59 7,00 6,90 48,30 1332

SZ 2 W 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 6,90 4,35 30,02 1813

SP W 2 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 764

KOP - 1 0,55 0,79 20 -18 38 30,11 1,00 3,10 3,10 93

ODB1 W 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 1,65 -4,20 -6,93 -419





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =24,40 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90





ROOM NUMBER: 1,4


ROOM ORIENTATION W


MKT 1 - 1 0,58 0,86 20 -12 32 27,59 8,80 6,90 60,72 1675

SZ 2 W 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 8,80 4,35 38,28 2313

SP W 3 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,20 3,63 1200

KOP - 1 0,55 0,79 20 -18 38 30,11 1,00 3,10 3,10 93

ODB1 W 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 1,65 -6,30 -10,40 -628





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =36,60 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90





ROOM NUMBER: 1,5


ROOM ORIENTATION W


MKT 1 - 1 0,58 0,86 20 -12 32 27,59 6,10 6,90 42,09 1161

SZ 2 W 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 6,10 4,35 26,54 1603

SZ 2 S 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 9,30 4,35 40,46 2444

SZ 2 E 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 6,10 4,35 26,54 1603

SP S 3 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 1146

ODB1 S 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 1,65 -6,30 -10,40 -628





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =36,60 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90





ROOM NUMBER: 1,6


ROOM ORIENTATION S


MKT 1 - 1 0,58 0,86 20 -12 32 27,59 9,00 6,10 54,90 1514

SZ 2 S 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 9,00 4,35 39,15 2365

SP S 3 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 1146

ODB1 S 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 1,65 -6,30 -10,40 -628





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =36,60 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90





ROOM NUMBER: 1,7


ROOM ORIENTATION S


MKT 1 - 1 0,58 0,86 20 -12 32 27,59 9,50 6,10 57,95 1599

SZ 2 S 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 9,50 4,35 41,33 2497

SP S 3 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 1146

ODB1 S 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 1,65 -6,30 -10,40 -628





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =36,60 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90





ROOM NUMBER: 1,8


ROOM ORIENTATION S


MKT 1 - 1 0,58 0,86 20 -12 32 27,59 9,50 6,10 57,95 1599

SZ 2 S 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 9,50 4,35 41,33 2497

SP S 3 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 1146

MKS - 1 0,55 0,74 20 18 2 1,48 2,90 6,00 17,40 26

ODB1 S 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 1,65 -6,30 -10,40 -628





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =36,60 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90





ROOM NUMBER: 1,9


ROOM ORIENTATION S


MKT 1 - 1 0,58 0,86 20 -12 32 27,59 9,00 6,10 54,90 1514

SZ 2 S 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 9,00 4,35 39,15 2365

PZ 1 - 1 0,50 1,08 20 15 5 5,38 6,10 4,35 26,54 143

SP S 3 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 1146

ODB1 S 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 1,65 -6,30 -10,40 -628





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =36,60 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: LIBRARY

ROOM NUMBER: 1,10


ROOM ORIENTATION N


MKT 1 - 1 0,58 0,86 20 -12 32 27,59 2,90 6,10 17,69 488

SZ 2 N 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 2,90 4,35 12,62 762

PZ 2 - 1 0,35 1,38 20 15 5 6,88 6,10 4,35 26,54 183

SP N 2 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 764

ODB1 N 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 1,65 -4,20 -6,93 -419





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =24,40 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: HALL

ROOM NUMBER: 1,11


ROOM ORIENTATION N


MKT 1 - 1 0,58 0,86 20 -12 32 27,59 2,90 21,80 63,22 1744

SZ 2 N 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 21,80 4,35 94,83 5729

SP N 7 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 2673

ODB1 N 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 1,65 -14,70 -24,26 -1465





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =85,40 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




ROOM NAME: STAIRS

ROOM NUMBER: 1,12


ROOM ORIENTATION N


MKT 1 - 1 0,58 0,86 20 -12 32 27,59 9,00 2,90 26,10 720

SZ 2 N 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 3,00 4,35 13,05 788

SP N 1 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,65 2,10 3,47 382

ODB1 N 1 0,35 1,59 20 -18 38 60,41 1,65 -2,10 -3,47 -209





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =12,20 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90





ROOM NUMBER: 1,13


ROOM ORIENTATION E


MKT 2 - 1 0,28 0,58 20 -12 32 18,70 1,00 54,08 54,08 1011

SZ 3 N 1 0,30 1,53 20 -18 38 58,02 6,50 3,60 23,40 1358

SZ 3 E 1 0,30 1,53 20 -18 38 58,02 9,15 3,60 32,94 1911

SP E 3 - 2,90 20 -18 38 110,20 1,80 1,60 2,88 952

MKS 2 - 1 - 1,38 20 18 2 2,76 2,90 6,00 17,40 48

ODB1 E 1 0,30 1,53 20 -18 38 58,02 1,80 -4,80 -8,64 -501





LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =36,60 l2 = 0,00 = 1,00 H = 3,19 R = 0,90




NO. DESCRIPTION OF WORKS UNIT QUAN

TITY

UNIT

PRICE

TOTAL

PRICE

1.06. PRE-MEASUREMENT AND ESTIMATE

1.06.01. THERMOTECHNICS EQUIPMENT

01.06.01.01 Delivery and installation of a hotwater boiler, which uses

wood pellets for heating, made by "EKO PRODUKT" - Novi

Sad.

Q = 300 kW

tw = 90 / 70 oC

A = 2130 mm

L = 920 mm

H = 2100mm com. 1 1.780.500 1.780.500

01.06.01.02 Delivery and installation of a flexible screw conveyor for

pellets, made by "EKO PRODUKT" - Novi Sad.

Q = 70 kg/h

D = 140 mm

N = 35 min-1

L = 3000 mm

Pm = 1,10 kW com. 1

305.500 305.500

01.06.01.03 Delivery and installation of a bin for pellets, made by "EKO

PRODUKT" - Novi Sad.

Q = 60 kg/h

D = 100 mm

N = 25 min-1

L = 2700 mm

Pm = 0,8 kW com. 1 189.000 189.000

01.06.01.04 Delivery and installation of a screw conveyor for ash

transportation to ash container, made by "EKO PRODUKT" -

Novi Sad.

Q = 60 kg/h

D = 100 mm

N = 25 min-1

L = 3000 mm

Pm = 0,8 kW com. 1 210.000 210.000

01.06.01.05 Delivery and installation of ash container

V = 0,81 m3

A = 900 mm

B = 900 mm

H = 1000 mm 1 62.000 62.000

01.06.01.06 Delivery and installation of a container for pellet, made by

"EKO PRODUKT" - Novi Sad. 1

125.000

125.000

V = 1,8 m3

A = 3000 mm

B = 3000 mm

H = 3000 mm kom.

01.06.01.07 Delivery and installation of flue multi-cyclone dust collector

with electric motor driven rotary airlock valve and container

for ashes, made by "EKO PRODUKT" - Novi Sad.

com. 1 290.000 290.000

01.06.01.08 Delivery and installation of centrifugal fan of flue gases, made

by "DYNAIR" – Italy.

Q = 3500 m3/h

Pm = 2,5 kW

n = 2200 min-1

tradno, max = 300 oC

h = 0,71 com. 1 258.000 258.000

01.06.01.09 Delivery of a hand pallet truck with transport capacity 2 t.

com. 1 72.000 72.000

01.06.01.10 Delivery and installation of construction for unloading and

easy handling jumbo bags with pellets. Structural mass 1060

kg.

com.

1 327.000 327.000

01.06.01.11 Delivery and installation of steel flue pipe for chimney,

diameter 500 mm, with mineral wool insulation, thickness

50mm and protection of aluminum sheet, thickness 0,8mm.

com. 1 15.000 15.000

01.06.01.12 Delivery and installation of black seamless pipes according to

DIN 2448.

DN 10 - Ø 16,0x1,8 m

DN 20 - Ø 25,0x2,8 m

DN 80 - Ø 88,9x3,8 m

DN150 - Ø 159,0x4,5 m

DN200 - Ø 219,1x5,9 m

24

30

35

1

1

190

340

1.400

4.120

6.515

4.560

10.200

49.000

4.120

6.515

01.06.01.13 For connecting and sealing material, Hamburg bows, two-

piece pipe clamps, hangers for pipes, metal rosettes, wall

bushings, cement, plaster and other materials needed for

pipeline installation takes 50% of the value of the number 09

in this report.

50%

53.007,5 53.007,5

01.06.01.14 Construction and installation vessel for ventilation installations.

Ø 159,0 x 4,5 / 150,0 com. 8 3.000 24.000

01.06.01.15 Construction and installation of steel collectors made of steel

pipes with the required number of connections:

Split collector: Ø 219,1 x 5,9 / 1600 mm

DN 80 - Connection for boiler pipeline

DN 20 - Connection for sanitary water boiler

DN 80 - Connection for pipeline

DN150 - Side connection for a quick connection

DN 10 - Head-on connection for pressure gauge

DN 20 - Bottom connection for drainage

com. 1 38.250 38.250

01.06.01.16 Split collector: Ø 219,1 x 5,9 / 1600 mm

DN 80 - Connection for boiler return pipeline

DN 20 - Connection for sanitary water boiler (return line)

DN 80 - Connection for pipeline (return line)

DN150 - Side connection for a quick connection

DN 10 - Head-on connection for pressure gauge

DN 20 - Bottom connection for drainage

DN 20 - Bottom connection for water inlet

com.

1 38.250 38.250

01.06.01.17 Delivery and installation of ball valves for NP6, with threaded

connections.

DN 10 com.

DN 20 com.

8

16

440

1.320

3.520

21.120

01.06.01.18 Delivery and installation of ball valves for NP6, with flanges

and counter flanges.

DN 80 com. 11 8.000 88.000

01.06.01.19 Delivery and installation of dirt separators for NP6, with with

threaded connections

DN 20 com. 2 1.150 2.300

01.06.01.20 Delivery and installation of dirt separators for NP6, with

flanges and counter flanges.

DN 80 kom. 4 3.120 12.480

Delivery and installation of three-way valves with electric

motor, made by “AUTER” – Beograd.

01.06.01.21 RV3-50/40/AVC.24

DP = 5600 Pa

Qv = 9,15 m3/h

Kvs = 40,00 m3/h com 1 106.000 106.000

01.06.01.22 Delivery and installation microprocessor controller for

keeping the temperature constant, depending on external

temperature, made by “AUTER” – Beograd

type AMR/202RG com. 1 37.000 37.000

01.06.01.23 Delivery and installation temperature sensor for liquid, made

by “AUTER” – Beograd

Type TSW 01 com. 1 5.700 5.700

01.06.01.24 Delivery and installation temperature sensor for external

influences, made by “AUTER” – Beograd

Type TSS 01 com. 1 4.900 4.900

01.06.01.25 Delivery and installation of unit for manual/automatic control

of regulation valve, made by “AUTER” – Beograd

Type RDV 2 com. 1 35.000 35.000

01.06.01.26 Assembly of automation elements, clamping and

commissioning without the supply and installation of

electrical cables 15.000 15.000

01.06.01.27 Delivery and installation of pipe thermostat for sanitary

water, made by “AUTER” – Beograd

Type AT1W com. 1 12.500 12.500

01.06.01.28 Delivery and installation of electric-command locker for

complete boiler room control. com. 1 48.000 48.000

01.06.01.29 Delivery and installation of pressure regulators with threaded

connectors

DN 20 com. 1 2.000 2.000

01.06.01.30 Delivery and installation of a thermometer, made by "FAR" -

Italy.

Measuring range: 0 - 130°C com. 7 350 2.450

01.06.01.31 Delivery and installation of a pressure gauge, made by "FAR"

– Italy.

Measuring range: 0 - 10 bar com. 2 440 880

01.06.01.32 Delivery and installation of closed expansion vessels, made by

"INFLEKS" - Beograd.

Tip F - 400

Vk = 150 l

H = 1570 mm

D = 600 mm

Hs = 1,50 bar com. 1 35.000 35.000

01.06.01.33 Delivery and installation of safety valves with spring

DN 40 com. 1 33.000 33.000

01.06.01.34 Delivery and installation of circulation pumps, made by

"WILO" – Germany

Type TOP-S 65/13, speed 3, trofazna

Gh = 9,63 m3/h

H = 82.767 Pa

nmin = 3 - 2250 min-1

Nmax = 1449 W

U = 3 x 400 V / 50 Hz com. 1

147.000

147.000

01.06.01.35 Type Star RS-15/2, speed 3, monofazna

Gh = 0,557 m3/h

H = 6903 Pa

nmin = 3 - 1450 min-1

N = 45 W

U = 1 x 230 V / 50 Hz

1 9.300 9.300

01.06.01.36 Type Star RS-15/4, speed 3, monofazna

Gh = 0,475 m3/h

H = 18044 Pa

nmin = 3 - 2350 min-1

N = 48 W

U = 1 x 230 V / 50 Hz 1 18.150 18.150

01.06.01.37 Type TOP-S 50/4, speed 3, trofazna

Gh = 14,50 m3/h

H = 10003 Pa

nmin = 3 - 1700 min-1

N = 330 W

U = 3 x 400 V / 50 Hz kom. 1

85.720

85.720

01.06.01.38 Delivery and installation of magnetic flow water softeners

whose maximum temperature is tw = 40 oC. Representative

and importer is "FEROMAX" – Belgrade

Type AQUA UNIQUE A4 50-385 HW

DN20 com. 1 120.000 120.000

01.06.01.39 Construction and installation of mechanical impurities filter

installed along with magnetic water softener. Representative and importer is "FEROMAX" – Beograde

Type AU 50 MPS

DN20 com. 1 25.000 25.000

01.06.01.40 Construction and installation of boiler for sanitary water, with all necessary connections and following characteristics:

V = 300 l

Q = 11,79 kW

tw = 90 / 70 oC

tw san = 50 / 16 oC

Fizm = 0,50 m2 com.

1 115.000 115.000

01.06.01.41 Cleaning of the pipes, double coating of red lead, construction

of thermo-insulating layer, type PLAMAFLEX or similar,

thickness d = 30 mm

DN 20 kom.

DN 80 kom.

DN150 kom.

DN200 kom.

123

35

1

4

100

1.050

3.000

5.000

12.326

36.782

3.000

20.000

01.06.01.42 Delivery of dry powder fire extinguishers

Type S - 9 com. 1 6.000 6.000

01.06.01.43 Delivery of barrel with sand, a shovel and a pick.

complet 1 5.000 5.000

01.06.01.44 For manipulative expenses, like costs of examining the

installation for cold water pressure, costs of hot testing, costs

of regulating the installation and costs of other preparation-

finishing works, it is calculated at 5% of all stated value

5% 2.082.330 104.116

TOTAL: 5.136.820

01.06.02. EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATION WORKS FOR INTERNAL HEATING

INSTALLATIONS

01.06.02.01 Delivery and installation of steel panel radiators, made by

„Jugoterm“ Gnjilane:

900 × 400 com.

900 × 600 com.

900 × 800 com.

900 × 1000 com.

900 × 1200 com.

900 × 1400 com.

4

6

27

23

8

3

4.080

6.144

7.630

10.041

10.980

12.540

16.320

36.864

206.031

230.956

87.840

37.620

01.06.02.02 Delivery and installation of radiator lockshield valves, made

by „Celefi“ Italy.

com. 71 336,2 23.870

01.06.02.03 Delivery and installation of thermostatic valves, made by

„Danfos“

com. 71 950 67.450

01.06.02.04 Delivery and installation of equipment to carry panel radiators

(set):

com. 142 169 24.000

01.06.02.05 Manual shut-off valve with flange and counter flange:

DN 80 com. 2 34.498 68.996

01.06.02.06 Delivery and installation of air vents:

DN 15 10 463,8 4.638

01.06.02.07

Delivery and installation of steel welded pipes according to

standard SRPRS C.D5.221 for pipeline installation of central

heating:

DN 15 Ø 21,3 × 2,0 (m)

DN 20 Ø 26,9 × 2,3 (m)

DN 25 Ø 33,7 × 2,6 (m)

DN 32 Ø 42,4 × 2,6 (m)

DN 40 Ø 48,3 × 2,6 (m)

318

96

60

84

42

101,8

149,5

213,1

272,5

312,8

32.369,45

14.352,49

12.787,46

22.890,19

13.137,36

01.06.03. HOT WATER PIPELINE

01.06.03.01 Delivery and installation of pre-insulated pipes, made by

"TERMIZO" - Novi Sad.

DN 80 – ϕ 88,9 × 3,2 (m)

DN 25 – ϕ 30,0 × 2,6 (m)

52

83

4.836

1.591,2

251.472

131.098

01.06.03.02 Delivery and installation of pre-insulated pipe bows, made by


DN 80 – ϕ 88,9 × 3,2 (m)

DN 25 – ϕ 30,0 × 2,6 (m)

8

10

8.029,05

2.885,64

64.232,44

28.856,41

01.06.03.03 Delivery and installation of pre-insulated pipe joints, made by


DN 80 – ϕ 88,9 × 3,2 (m)

DN 25 – ϕ 30,0 × 2,6 (m)

16

20

4.266,60

2.586,48

68.256,60

51.279,60

01.06.03.04 Delivery and installation of elements for implementing pre-

insulated pipeline through the walls, made by "TERMIZO" -

Novi Sad.

DN 80 – ϕ 88,9 × 3,2 (m)

DN 25 – ϕ 30,0 × 2,6 (m)

4

4

3.307,20

1.817,40

13.228,80

7.269,60

01.06.03.05 Delivery and installation of end caps for the transition from

polyurethane to the insulating layer of PLAMAFLEX, made

by "TERMIZO" - Novi Sad.

DN 80 – ϕ 88,9 × 3,2 (m)

DN 25 – ϕ 30,0 × 2,6 (m)

4

4

4.243,59

2.411,09

16.974,36

9.644,36

01.06.03.06 Delivery and installation of pre-insulated pipe fixed supports,

made by "TERMIZO" - Novi Sad.

DN 80 – ϕ 88,9 × 3,2 (m)

DN 25 – ϕ 30,0 × 2,6 (m)

4

4

11.763,41

4.196,13

47.053,66

16.784,54

DN 50 Ø 60,3 × 2,9 (m)

DN 60 Ø 76,1 × 2,9 (m)

132

60

439,0

559,8

57.944,37

33.590,94

01.06.02.08 For connecting and sealing material, knees and elbows,

oxygen and disugas, clamps for pipes and other supporting

materials necessary for the proper execution of the

installation, taking 50% of the value of the number 07 in this

report.

(50%) - - 56.121,68

01.06.02.09 Drilling holes and breaks through the walls and floor

construction:

- - 30.000

TOTAL: 1.077.780,33

01.06.03.07 Third category soil digging for laying the hot water pipeline

and waste disposal.

(m3) 9 5.500 49.500

01.06.03.08 Making the sand at the bottom of the channel and around pre-

insulated pipeline, layer thickness above pipeline b=20 cm.

(m3) 7 4.100 28.700

01.06.03.09 Backfilling excavated soil over the buried sand and alignment

with the field.

(m3) 8 3.500 28.000

01.06.03.10 Removal of surplus excavated soil to the landfill.

(m3) - 24.500 24.500

01.06.03.11 Fabrication and installation of vessels for installation venting.

ϕ 88,9 × 3,2 (com.)

ϕ 30,0 × 2,6 (com.)

4

4

2.800

1.800

11.200

7.200

01.06.03.12 Drilling walls and floor trusses for the passage of pipe lines

without closing.

DN 80 – ϕ 88,9 × 3,2 (m)

DN 25 – ϕ 30,0 × 2,6 (m)

4

4

1.100

800

4.400

2.400

01.06.03.13 For handling costs, such as installation testing costs on a cold

pressurized water, hot rehearsal costs and other costs of

preparator- final works, taking 3% of value of all listed

shares.

(3%) - - 21.198,31

TOTAL: 926.508,64

01.06.04. CONSTRUCTION OF A BOILER ROOM BUILDING

01.06.04.01 Construction of a prefabricated building with steel supporting

construction, mass 27 kg/m2, plated with thermo-insulating

panels, thickness d=60 mm, with a single entrance door and

and two outer windows. There is a control room and a toilet

facility in the installation. The floor of the boiler room is made

of concrete with industrial coating as a finishing layer. 1 1.583.600

1.583.600

PROJECT DOCUMENTATION (5%) 413.185

R E C A P I T U L A T I O N :

01.06.01. THERMOTECHNICS EQUIPMENT 5.136.820

01.06.02. EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATION WORKS FOR INTERNAL HEATING

INSTALLATIONS 1.077.780

01.06.03. HOT WATER PIPELINE 926.509

01.06.04. CONSTRUCTION OF A BOILER ROOM BUILDING 1.583.600

01.06.05. PROJECT DOCUMENTATION (5%) 413.185

TOTAL: 9.137.894

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