a photon checks into a hotel. the desk clerk asks, “do you need help with your luggage?” the...
TRANSCRIPT
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A photon checks into a hotel. The desk clerk asks, “Do you
need help with your luggage?”
The photon replies, “I don’t have any. I’m travelling light.”
(get it?)
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum
AKA--- LIGHT!
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Big Questions:
• What is light?• Why do scientists study light?
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Image from My NASA Data website
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Properties of EM Waves: Wavelength
The distance between peaks or troughs of a waveMeasured in nanometers (nm) or angstrom (Å)Each type of EM radiation (and each color of visible
light) has a different wavelength
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Properties of EM Waves: FrequencyThe frequency is measured by the number of
waves (or cycles) that pass a given point in one second.
Measured in Hertz -- Hz
0 1 sec
15 Hz
3 Hz
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Energy and Wave Properties
Figure 1.
Short wavelength : High frequency =
High ENERGY
Figure 2.
Long wavelength : Low frequency =
Low ENERGY
All EM Waves travel at the speed of light- 300,000 km/sFrequency and Wavelength are inversely proportional
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Electromagnetic Radiation
• EMR has properties of both a wave and a particle– Photons are the elementary particles of
electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths– Photons can travel through the vacuum of space
• All types of EMR carry energy
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Studying light
• By studying light energy at different wavelengths along the electromagnetic spectrum, astronomers can learn about:– An object’s size– An object’s temperature– The amount of energy an object is producing– The elements found in that object– An objects speed and direction relative to Earth– The interstellar matter between that object and Earth
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Doppler Effect
• A change in wavelength as a result of a shift in the frequency of sound waves or electromagnetic radiation.
• Can show the direction a celestial object is traveling in relation to Earth
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Doppler Effect video explanation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4OnBYrbCjY
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Red Shift
• Radiation emitted by objects moving away from earth is stretched or shifted to the RED end of the spectrum- RED SHIFT
EARTH
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Blue Shift Objects such as stars and galaxies moving
toward Earth seem to have their wavelengths of radiation squeezed and the frequency increased- Blue Shift
EARTH
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Doppler Effect Simulation
• http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/light/dopplershift.html
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Spectroscopy
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Spectroscopy
• Spectroscope- a tool that disperses a ray of light into its constituent colors
• Astronomers can learn about a celestial object by studying the wavelengths, intensities, and patterns of its spectrum
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Spectroscopy• When looked at through a spectroscope, every gas gives off a
different spectrum of colors, just like every person has a different fingerprint.
• When astronomers use a spectroscope to look at stars, they can determine what type of gases the stars are made of by the color of the lines in the spectrum they see.
• Astronomers can tell the temperature of a star by studying the intensities of the lines in the spectrum.
• The thickness of the lines tell astronomers about the rotation speed, density, magnetic field and gas turbulence of the star
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Continuous Spectrum
• An unbroken band of colors, such as a Rainbow
• Shows the size, temperature, and life expectancy of a star
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Emission or Bright Line Spectrum:
• An unevenly spaced series of lines of different colors and different brightness
• Determined by the chemical make up of an object
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Dark line or absorption spectrum
• A series of dark or absorption lines that appear on the continuous spectrum
• Show the make up of cooler gases in the universe
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Big Questions:• What is light?• Why do scientists study light?