a planner, an architectural historian, and a · a planner, an architectural historian, and a...
TRANSCRIPT
A Planner, an Architectural
Historian, and a Landscape Architect
Walk Into a Park:
Three Views on Landscape
Documentation
Background, approach and process for cultural landscape documentation Two case study projects, with varied methods and outcomes Perspectives from three professional disciplines
Katherine Eggers Comeau Bero Architecture
Jayme Breschard Genesee/Finger Lakes Regional Planning Council
Zakery Steele, ASLA Bayer Landscape Architecture
Highland Park, Rochester, NY
Early Preservation:
Mount Vernon Virginia Dept.
of Historic Resources
Broadening the Definition of
“Historic:” Social History
en.wikipedia.org;
photo by Dmadeo
271 Hamilton Street,
Rochester, NY;
Photo by LSWNY
Broadening the Definition of
“Historic:” Civil Rights
Broadening the Definition of
“Historic:” Recent Past 44 Exchange Blvd., Rochester, NY;
Photo by Bero Architecture
Monticello Source: Virginia Department
of Historic Resources
Monticello
plantpreview.blogspot.com
Mount Vernon
Seneca Park, Rochester, NY; photo by LSWNY
Manhattan Square Park, Rochester, NY;
photo courtesy of LSWNY
The National Register of Historic Places
Limited Protection www.preservationnation.org
Historic Resources
Building Main Street Armory, Rochester, NY;
photo by Katie Eggers Comeau
Structure
Thurston St. Bridge, Ithaca;
photo by Bero Architecture
Object John Andre Memorial, Tappan, NY;
photo by Rolf Muller
Site Seneca Park, Rochester, NY;
photo by the Landmark Society of Western NY
District Browncroft Historic District, Rochester, NY;
photo by Katie Eggers Comeau
National Register Criteria
A. Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history
Sackets Harbor Battlefield http://annablestrekntheusa.blogspot.com
Linwood Gardens,
Pavilion, NY
National Register Criteria
B. Associated with the
lives of significant persons in our past
Central Park, New York City
Photo: The Central Park Conservancy
National Register Criteria
C. That embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction
Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation
National Register Criteria
D. That have yielded, or
may be likely to yield, information important
in history or prehistory. (Archaeological sites)
Integrity Location
Design
Setting
Materials
Workmanship
Feeling
Association
Historic Resource Surveys: What and Why
Why survey historic resources?
Identification
Photo:
Bero Architecture
Build community awareness and pride
Rather Park, Huntsville, Texas;
photo: preservationnation.org
Prepare for implementation of an ordinance or other protective mechanism
Susan B. Anthony Preservation District,
Rochester, NY;
Photo: LSWNY
Identify properties eligible for preservation incentives
Binghamton, NY;
Photo: Bero Architecture
Avoid controversies by proactively identifying community priorities before a project is proposed
Photo: Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation
Two Case Studies:
2009 Survey of Rochester’s Historic Parklands
Bayer Landscape Architecture / LSWNY / TCLF
Genesee-Finger Lakes Regional Inventory of
Culturally Significant Areas Genesee/Finger Lakes Regional Planning Council
1
2
2009 Survey of
Rochester's Historic
Parklands
Bayer Landscape Architecture The Landmark Society of Western NY Charles Birnbaum (The Cultural Landscape Foundation)
Rochester Parks History + Surveys of Parklands
National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form (Department of Interior, NPS) “The Municipal Park System of Rochester, New York”
Individual surveys of public park lands in Rochester
that are over 50 years old or that otherwise has
significance
Rochester Parks History
Early Public Landscape Traditions in Rochester (1789-1865) Olmsted Parks in Rochester (1888-1900) The Reform Park Movement in Rochester (1890s-1929) The Recreation Park Movement in Rochester (1930-1941) The Recreation Park Era in Rochester (1941-1965)
Wading Pool in Brown Square Park (1913)
National Register: Bulletin 18 How to Evaluate and Nominate Designed Historic Landscapes
Relevant Guidelines
National Register: Bulletin 15 How to Apply NR Criteria for Evaluation
National Register: Bulletin 41 Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Cemeteries and Burial Places
National Register: Bulletin 22 Guidelines For Properties That Have Achieved Significance In The Past 50 Years
Standard Surveys Extended Surveys
Basic Site Information Cultural / Historic Narrative (land use history, historical significance, important events) Existing Conditions * Integrity (with period of significance) * •(Neighborhood context, natural systems and features, spatial organization, buildings and structures, materials, vegetation, furnishings/monuments, circulation) Statement of Significance and Eligibility Evaluation Records, Maps, Historic Photos, Current Photos Sources
Basic Site Information (current/historic names, designer(s) address, parcel IDs, UTM Coordinates, verbal description of location) Current Physical Description of Features and Character (Narrative) Land Use History Evaluation of Eligibility (Contributing Features) Site Condition Neighborhood Context Records, Maps, Historic Photos, Current Photos Sources
1926
1875
1900
1875
1900
c1920s
Mount Hope Cemetery, engraving by J.E. Young, 1838.
1935
1935
(1977) Photo by City Photographer, LSWNY Photo files
Kings Landing Cemetery
1790s, Rochester’s First Cemetery
Listed with Seneca Park NR designation
Kings Landing Cemetery
1790s, Rochester’s First Cemetery
Listed with Seneca Park NR designation
Schiller Park
(Franklin Square)
Olmsted
Olmsted & Eliot
Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot
1918 1900 1875
1918
Exchange Playground
1875 1888
Exchange Playground
1918
A City Plan for Rocheste r (1911) Arnold William Burnner Frederick Law Olmsted
An Elite Group
Rochester is 1 of 4 American cities that have a comprehensive park system designed by Olmsted (Sr) Rochester, NY Buffalo, NY Boston/Brookline, MA Louisville, KY
Landmark Society of WNY and a network of volunteers began documenting these sites in 1998 What about National Historic Landmark designation for the entire park system? Only 60 NHL sites with Landscape Architecture significance (out of +2700 - Olmsted Sr – Park System Design - Significant Horticultural History - All 3 Olmsted’s – spanning 31 years
Two Case Studies:
2009 Survey of Rochester’s Historic Parklands
Bayer Landscape Architecture / LSWNY / TCLF
Genesee-Finger Lakes Regional Inventory of
Culturally Significant Areas Genesee/Finger Lakes Regional Planning Council
1
2
Background • Supported by Genesee Transportation Council’s (GTC) Unified
Planning Work Program (UPWP)
• Long Range Transportation Plan for the Genesee-Finger Lakes Region: 2035
• Satisfy the capabilities, needs, and objectives of the region’s transportation system while minimizing potential conflicts with community character
What are culturally significant areas?
• National Park Service definition of cultural landscape is based on Preservation Brief 36
• National Register Bulletin series provides guidance on evaluating, documenting, and listing different types of historic places
• Four general types of cultural landscapes
1. Historic Designed
Landscape is a landscape that was consciously designed or laid out by a landscape
architect, master gardener, architect, or horticulturist according
to design principles, or an amateur gardener working in a recognized
style or tradition.
Examples include parks, campuses, and estates.
2. Historic Vernacular Landscape is a landscape that evolved through use by the people whose activities or occupancy shaped that landscape.
Examples include rural villages, industrial complexes, and agricultural landscapes.
3. Historic
Site is a landscape
significant for its association with a
historic event, activity, or person.
Examples include battlefields and president’s house
properties.
4. Ethnographic
Landscape is a landscape containing a
variety of natural and cultural resources that associated people define as heritage
resources.
Examples are contemporary settlements, religious sacred sites and massive geological
structures.
Public Process
• Nine County Planning Departments and County Historian’s Office, plus the City of Rochester
• Ten to fifteen regionally-significant sites
• G/FLRPC narrowed these recommendations to about six to eight cultural landscapes per county for documentation
National Register
Bulletin 18 and National Register
Bulletin 30
Timeline • List of sites compiled
• Archival research and fieldwork using survey
standards
• Best representative sites were documented
• Final product is a narrative on findings and recommendations
Genesee County
Livingston County
Monroe County
Ontario County
Orleans County
Seneca County
Wayne County
Wyoming County
Yates County
Overview & Questions
Methods of Landscape Documentation
Depends on the goals, resources,
sponsors, existence of past surveys, timeframe, desired outcomes.
Discussion Points Funding
Public Participation
Types of Landscapes
Why Chosen Landscapes?
Application Evaluation Criteria
Sources and Research
Integrating Technology into Process
Final Products, Types
What is being done with the product?
What went well in out case studies?
What could have gone better in our
case studies?