a positioning, navigation, and timing (pnt) threat ......• modern world has become highly...

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A POSITIONING NAVIGATION AND TIMING

(PNT) THREAT ENVIRONMENT MODEL FOR

MILITARY AND CIVIL IAN USEM A R K W J O H N S O N , A P N T C A M P A I G N L E A D , C O L L I N S A E R O S P A C E

J U N E 6 , 2 0 1 9

1


E N V I R O N M E N T - P N T T H R E A T S A R E R E A L & G R O W I N G M O R E P R E V A L E N T

THE PNT ENVIRONMENT IS CONTESTED

Collins Aerospace Proprietary. This document contains no export controlled technical data.

Aug ‘2013

“Truck driver has GPS jammer, accidentally jams

Newark airport”

Army RC-7B ARL

Sep ‘11 – N. Korean Jammer

Forces Down U.S. Plane

Oct ‘17 – “Spoofing

in the Black Sea?”

(GPS World)

Apr ‘18 – Russian militaryexercises disrupt GPS service innorthern Norway…& disrupt cell phone service in portions of Latvia, Sweden & Norway (Resilient Nav& Timing Foundation)

(CNET)

South Korea issues warning over suspected North Korean

GPS disruption March 31, 2016 (GPS World)

South Korea issued a warning Thursday after detecting satellite signal

disruptions that appeared to be coming from North […]

2

http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/systems/arl.htm


W H A T ’ S T H E P R O B L E M ?

APNT FOR CONTESTED ENVIRONMENTS

• Modern world has become highly dependent

on Precision Absolute PNT

• Civil Airspace & Transportation, Military Operations,

Timing for internet, banking & commerce…

• The PNT threat environment has become

more sophisticated

• Forcing us to multi-sensor solutions with a mix of

technologies that varies based on use case

• There are few, and inconsistent, definitions of

the problem and threat conditions – making

analysis of requirements and solution

development difficult

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W H A T I S A P N T ’ S J O B ? – M A I N T A I N I N G A S S U R E D P R E C I S I O N A B S O L U T E P N T

WHY DO WE NEED ASSURED PNT?

TCO = Total Cost of Operations

• GNSS Precision Landings

• Precision Agriculture

• Surveying & Construction

• Network Timing Sync

• Banking

• Network-dependent

Commerce

• VFR flight

• Map

• Watch

• Sundial

• ILS Precision Landings

• RADAR Approach

• Optical Surveying

• Point to Point Timing Sync

• Non-precision Landings

• Following Sequential

Directions to Navigate

• Timer/Stopwatch

Military

CivilianCivilian


A S S U R E D P R E C I S I O N A B S O L U T E P N T T H R E A T E N V I R O N M E N T – S E V E N T H R E A T C O N D I T I O N S E M E R G E

A PNT THREAT ENVIRONMENT MODEL

GPS Unavailable Local/RegionalGPS Available

GP

S

Th

rea

t

Co

nd

itio

ns

Short Local

GPS Outage

Long Local

GPS Outage

Long

Regional

GPS Outage

Long Global

GPS Outage

Day Without

SpacePermissive Challenged

GPS Unavailable Global

Characteristics

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

GPS Permissive GPS Challenged Space Outage

Systemic

GPS OutageThreat Level

Threat Cause

Outage Duration

Obstructed

Jammed/Spoofed

Permissive Contested

Analysis of Missions & Platforms in this model reveals Requirements

5

Outage Reach

Short Term Long Term

Local Regional Global


A S S U R E D P N T – A P P L I C A B L E T E C H N O L O G I E S & S O L U T I O N S P A C E

A MULTI -SENSOR APPROACH TO APNT

GPS Unavailable Local/RegionalGPS Available

GP

S

Th

rea

t

Co

nd

itio

ns

Short Local

GPS Outage

Long Local

GPS Outage

Long

Regional

GPS Outage

Long Global

GPS Outage

Day Without

SpacePermissive Challenged

GPS Unavailable Global

Technologies

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Technologies available today to address threat conditions 1-5; in the works for conditions 6-7

Position/Velocity

Time

Mil GPS

Inertial

Time Ref

Mil GPS&AJ/AS

Other SATNAV

Other Nav

Reduces Jamming/Spoofing to Short Local Outage

No TimeTime Only

Susceptible to Jamming/Primarily

Likely Use GPS and GPS/INS When Available Regional Nav

PVT Outputs

Other Nav = Non SATNAV system of system solutions using sensors such as Celestial, Vision, Network Nav, etc.

6

Vision NavNo Time

Constrained by available sensors, processing and databases

Harden & Augment GPSHarden & Augment SATNAV

Alt Reg Nav


AJ Reduces Jammer Threats to Local Threats

With CRPA AJ – 1KW jammer only effective

at <1 Km

Without CRPA AJ – 1KW jammer effective

to >1,000 Km

J/S vs. Jammer Power and Range

Range (Km)

J/S

wit

h S

=-1

60

d

BW

Tracking w/ FRPA

Tracking w/ CRPA AJ

J /S (TRACKING) VS RANGE


SPECTRUM OF THREATS TO PNT

8

Imp

act

Se

ve

rity

Probability

Catastrophic

Minimal

Very High Very Low

No PNT

Prec PNT

Mission Impact (relative to unprotected GPS)

Add AJ & AS

Add Inertial/Time

1

2

4

5

6

7

2 3 4 56

7 Other SATNAV

with AJ/AS

N Unprotected

N Protected

Other Nav

Day Without Space

GPS Global Outage

Long Term Regional Outage

Long Term

Local Outage

Challenged

Permissive

Short Term

Local Outage

Adversaries Working to Increase Probability - Augmentation Reduces Impact

3


M A I N T A I N I N G A S S U R E D P R E C I S I O N A B S O L U T E P N T

SUMMARY

• Modern world is dependent on Assured Precision Absolute PNT

• Threats to PNT are real and becoming more prevalent

• There is a strong need for a consistent threat model and definitions to enable analysis

and requirements development

• There are technologies available today to solve the majority of threat conditions – GPS

remains foundational to these solutions

• There are technologies in development to solve the threat conditions in which GPS is

not available

Adoption of a Consistent Threat Model Enables Analysis of Requirements

and Accelerates Development of APNT Solutions

a positioning, navigation, and timing (pnt) threat ......• modern world has become highly...

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