a postcard from the island of stability
TRANSCRIPT
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A POSTCARD FROM THE ISLAND OF STABILITY: WHAT’S NEW IN SUPERHEAVY ELEMENT CHEMISTRY?
Prof. Dr. Andreas TürlerLabor für Radio- und UmweltchemieDepartement Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bern
18.9.2017, APSORC17Jeju Island, South Korea
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A postcard from the island of SHE
Session NC-2: Wed 20.9. 15:30 – 17:10
Plenary talks on the subject:
Prof. Y. Nagame, JAEA, Japan Tue 19.9. 09:00 – 09:30“Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements”
Prof. S. Dmitriev, FLNR, Russia,Fri. 22.9. 09:00 – 09:30“Superheavy Elements of the Mendeleev’s Periodic Table: Present Status and Future”
2
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prot
on n
umbe
r
Meerenge der
Instabi-lität
sea of β+
instability
sea of β- instability
island of superheavy
nuclidesisland of
heavy nuclides
neutron number
20
50
82
114
20 82 126 184
peak of tin
peak of calcium
peak of lead
peak of uranium
radioactivitystrait
Weather report for the island of superheavy nuclides:disappearing fog and increasingly sunny!
The island of shell stabilized heavy nuclei
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The island of superheavy nuclides!
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The Periodic Table of the Elements
5
LanthanidesActnides
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
La57
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Ac89
H
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr Ra Ac
Ba
Sr
Ca
Mg
Be
Sc
Y
La
Ti
Zr
Hf
V
Nb
Ta
Cr
Mo
W
Mn
Tc
Re
Fe
Ru
Os
Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As
Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb
Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Rf Db
B C N O F
Al Si P S Cl
Se Br
Te I
Po At87 88 89-103 104 105
55 56 57-71 72 73 74 75 76 77
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
3 4
1
5 6 7 8 9
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
Rn
54
86
36
18
10
218
Sg106
Bh107
Hs108
Mt109 110
Ds111
Rg112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Cn Fl Lv
6d107s2 6d107s27p1/22 7s27p1/2
Nh Mc Ts Og
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Nihonium (Nh), Z=113
6
209Bi(70Zn, 1n)278Nh, 3 atoms observed!
Prof. Kosuke MoritaRIKEN, Japan
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Moscovium (Mc), Z=115
7
Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Dubna. Moscow region
243Am(48Ca, 3-5n)286-288Mc, >100 atoms observed!
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Tennessine (Ts), Z=117
8
249Bk
High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR, Oak Ridge)~25 mg 249Bk
249Bk(48Ca, 3,4n)293,294Ts, >20 atoms!
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Oganesson (Og), Z=118
9
Prof. Yuri Tsolakovich Oganessian, Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear ReactionsDubna, Moscow region
249Cf(48Ca, 3n)294Og, 4 atoms observed!
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10
Metal-carbonyl complexes-
a new class of compounds for transactinide chemistry
experiments
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RIKEN Wako (J)H. HabaD. KajiY. KomoriN. SatoK. MoritaK. MorimotoS. Yano
JAEA Tokai (J)M. AsaiY. KaneyaA. MitsuakiY. NagameT. SatoA. ToyoshimaK. Tsukada
U Mainz (D)A. Di NittoCh.E. DüllmannK. EberhardtJ.V. KratzL. LensN. Wiehl
HIM Mainz (D)J. Khuyagbaatar
GSI Darmstadt (D)E. JägerJ. KrierV. PershinaA. Yakushev
PSI Villigen (CH)R. DresslerR. EichlerD. PiguetA. Vögele
U Berne (CH)A. TürlerN. ChieraB. Kraus
The CO Collaboration 2016
IMP Lanzhou (PRC)F. FanZ. QinY. Wang
Reimei Partner InstitutionY. Nagame, Ch.E. Düllmann, and R. Eichler for the CO Collaboration – Gas phase chemistry of Sg(CO)6 – JAEA Tokai, Japan – March 10, 2017
Niigata Univ. (J)K. Ooe
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Transactinide metal carbonylsvolatility and stability
12
Mainz – GSI – PSI – Bern – Berkeley – Tokai – Riken – Lanzhou collaboration
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Carbonyl experiments at GARIS/RIKEN
13
1 2 m0
RIKEN/GARIS
Gas-jet transport system
D2Q2Q1D1
EVRs
He/CO
0 100 mm
33 Pa
144Sm(24Mg,4-5n)163,164W248Cm(22Ne,5n)265Sg
COMPACTN2(L)
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Sg(CO)6 a superheavy carbonyl complex
14
H. Haba et al., Phys. Rev. C85, 024611 (2012)
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Assessing thermodynamic stability
15
Theory [1]
Experiment [3]
Mo W Sg168 193 204
169 192 ???
168 193 181
First Bond Dissociation Energy(FBDE), kJ/mol
[1] C. S. Nash, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (1999) 10830.[2] M. Ilias, V. Pershina, Inorg. Chem. 56 (2017), 1638.[3] K. E. Lewis, D.M. Golden, G.P. Smith, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106 (1984) 3905.
Theory [2]
Bonding in carbonyl complexes
TM backbonding
LUMO
TM donation
HOMO Influence ofrelativity!
C.S. Nash et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (1999) 10830
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Decomposition studies: Mo(CO)6 + W(CO)6
16
100 200 300 400 500 600
0
20
40
60
80
100
Experiment Mo(CO)6: 1.2 l/min 0.3 l/min
Sur
viva
l pro
babi
lity,
%
Temperature, C 100 200 300 400 500 600
0
20
40
60
80
100
Experiment W(CO)6: 1.0 l/min 2.0 l/min
Sur
viva
l pro
babi
lity,
%
Temperature, C
Mo
W
I. Usoltsev et al., Radiochim. Acta 104,141 (2016).
T~100K
FBDE = 25 kJ/mol
COMPACTN2(L)
D2Q2Q1D1
25 – 800°CSilver/Quartz column
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Two-step decompostion model: M(CO)6
17
I.Usoltsev et al., Radiochim. Acta 104, 531 (2016).
desorption
adsorptionads ~ exp(‐Hads/RT)
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Decomposition model: Mo(CO)6 + W(CO)6
18
100 200 300 400 500
0
20
40
60
80
100
Exp. 1.2 l/minExp. 0.3 l/min MCS 0.3 l/min MCS 1.2 l/min
FDBE = 168 KJ/molA = 8.6E5
Sur
viva
l pro
babi
lity,
%
Temperature, C
K.E. Lewis et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 3905 (1984)
300 400 500 600
0
20
40
60
80
100
Exp. 1 l/min Exp. 2 l/min
MCS 1 l/min MCS 2 l/min
FDBE = 192 KJ/molA = 8.6E5
Sur
viva
l pro
babi
lity,
%
Temperature, C
Shaded Area is 1 interval of AShaded Area represents a variation of
-∆Hads within typical experimental uncertainty of ±4 kJ/mol
The bond dissociation is almost not activated:
dec ~k*T/h*A* exp(-FBDE/RT)
Mo W
I.Usoltsev et al., Radiochim. Acta 104, 531 (2016).
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Prediction of Sg(CO)6 Decomposition
19
100 200 300 400 500 600
0
20
40
60
80
100
Exp. Mo(CO)6 Exp. W(CO)6
Simulation for Sg(CO)6 (A = 8.6E5) FBDE intervals: 204 ± 8 kJ/mol[1]
181 ± 4 kJ/mol[2]
Sur
viva
l pro
babi
lity,
%
Temperature, C- Clearly the FBDE dominates the predicted experimental behavior, therefore the experimental approach can deliver sensitive results for FBDE
[1] C.S. Nash, B.E. Bursten, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 10830 (1999).[2] M. Ilias, V Pershina, Inorg. Chem. Inorg. Chem. 56, 1638 (2017).
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Outlook to vacuum chromatography
-faster, cleaner, higher
temperatures
PhD thesis P. Steinegger (UniBE)R. Eichler, R. Dressler, D. Piguet (PSI)M. Schädel, Y. Nagame et al. (JAEA)
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Isothermal Vacuum Chromatography (IVAC)
DetectorHeat source (e.g. resistance oven)
Read-outelectron.
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850
100 %
0 %
Temp [⁰C]
Yield
[%] -Hads = 150 kJ / mol
-Hads = 170 kJ / mol
-Hads = 160 kJ / mol
Vacuum Chromatography features:
• No particulate transport (no aerosol formation) → lowerbackground
• Clean stationary surfaces
• Good energy resolution for alpha particle detection
• Fast technique
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The IVAC system
in-b
eam
mon
itor
Quartz insert
Hf hot catcher
Heat shields
quartz chromatography column
isothermaloven
start-/ end-oven
4-fold diamond detector
read-out
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IVAC of 184Tl (T1/2 = 9.7 s)
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Vacuum Chromatography of SHE 113, 115, & 116
24
Shutter
Hot catcher Diamond detectorProduct beam from separator
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Acknowledgements
‐ We thank the ion source and accelerator staff at the RIKEN Nishina Center for providing intense and stable ion beams.
‐ The present work is partially supported by:¥ the Reimei Research Program (Japan Atomic Energy Agency);
€ the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research contract 06MZ7164;
€ the Helmholtz association contract VH‐NG‐723;
¥ the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan, Grant‐in‐Aids 19002005 and 23750072;
₣ the Swiss National Science Foundation contract 200020_144511;
¥(元/圆) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 11079006).