a pragmatic approach to disseminate road traffic
TRANSCRIPT
A PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO DISSEMINATE
ROAD TRAFFIC INFORMATION USING VANET
ENVIRONMENT
AHMAD AIMAN BIN SHALLAHUDDIN
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
(NETWORK SECURITY)
UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN
2017
A PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO DISSEMINATE ROAD TRAFFIC
INFORMATION USING VANET ENVIRONMENT
AHMAD AIMAN BIN SHALLAHUDDIN
Bachelor of Computer Science (Network Security)
Faculty of Informatics and Computing
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
MAY 2017
ii
DECLARATION
The dissertation is submitted as a partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of
Computer Science (Computer Network Security) at the University of Sultan Zainal
Abidin (UniSZA). This work is the result of my own investigations. All sections of
text and results which have been obtained from other work/sources are full referenced.
I understand that cheating and plagiarism constitute a breach of University regulations
and will be dealt with accordingly.
________________________________
Name : Ahmad Aiman Bin Shallahuddin
Date : ..................................................
iii
CONFIRMATION
This is to confirm that:
This project report entitled A Pragmatic Approach to Disseminate Road Traffic
Information using VANETs Environments by Ahmad Aiman Bin Shallahuddin
matric number BTBL14037504 has been satisfactory in tern of scope, quality and
presentation as a partial fulfilment of requirement for Bachelor of Computer Science
(Computer Network Security) in University Sultan Zainal Abidin.
________________________________
Name : Dr. Ahmad Faisal Amri Bin
Abidin@Bahrun
Date : ..................................................
iv
DEDICATION
Firstly, I would like to take this opportunity to express my deepest tanks to my
supervisor, Dr. Ahmad Faisal Amri Bin Abidin@Bahrun for his kindness, patience
and motivation towards this project.
Not forgetting, Faculty of Informatics and Computing (FIK), thank you for
giving me chances to discover and reveal new things by myself for this project.
Besides, I would like to thanks to my family and all other lecturers in Faculty of
Informatics and Computing (FIK) for support, helping and give me motivation in
order to complete this project. Last but not least, thanks to my supportive friends
which is Muhammad Nur Haziq Bin Mohd Safri and Mohd Afif Diniy bin Azmi who
always help, encourage and teach me with unlimited new knowledge.
v
ABSTRACT
This paper intends to introduce a pragmatic method to disseminate road traffic
information using Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) also known as vehicle-to-
vehicle communication. VANETs are created by using principles of mobile ad-hoc
network (MANETs). VANETs are capable to communicate with each node or router
with wireless link. The objectives of this project are to make sure that driver will get
latest information about road traffic and it will be easy to the driver to reroute the
journey. Usually we cannot predict how long the traffic jam occurs in a certain place,
with this technique user will know the road traffic and how long the traffic jam occur.
Each user can disseminate the report to the public by using an application that we will
create, the application will be linked to social media, and people will know about the
report. We also can calculate how long a traffic jam form that report. To validate the
output form the application, we will use Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) to
make sure the reports about the traffic jam are valid.
vi
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan kaedah yang boleh dicapai untuk
menyebarkan maklumat lalu lintas menggunakan platform yang dikenali “VANET”
yang juga dikenali sebagai komunikasi antara kendaraan. “VANETs” yang dicipta
dengan menggunakan prinsip-prinsip rangkaian mudah alih iaitu “MANET”.
VANETs mampu untuk berkomunikasi nod dan “router” tanpa menggunakan wayar.
Objektif projek ini adalah untuk memastikan bahawa pemandu akan mendapatkan
maklumat terkini mengenai maklumat lalu lintas dan ia akan menjadi mudah untuk
pemandu untuk mengubah laluan perjalanan. Biasanya kita tidak boleh meramalkan
berapa lama kesesakan lalu lintas berlaku di tempat yang tertentu, dengan
menggunakan teknik ini, kita akan tahu jalan mana yang terlibat dengan seuatu
kemalanagan dan berapa lama kesesakan lalu lintas yang berlaku. Setiap pengguna
boleh menyebarkan laporan itu kepada orang ramai dengan menggunakan satu
aplikasi yang akan mewujudkan, aplikasi tersebut akan dihubungkan dengan media
sosial, dan orang akan tahu tentang laporan itu. Kami juga boleh mengira berapa lama
kesesakan lalu lintas Borang laporan tersebut. Untuk mengesahkan output Borang
permohonan itu, kami akan menggunakan Simulasi (SUMO) untuk memastikan
kesahihan laporan mengenai kesesakan lalu lintas.
vii
CONTENTS
PAGE
DECLARATION i
CONFIRMATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ABSTRACT iv
ABSTRAK v
CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES xvi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background 1
1.2 Problem statement 2
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4
1.5
Scopes
Limitation of Work
2
3
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 4
2.2 Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) 4
2.2.1 Characteristic of VANET
2.2.2 Communication in VANET
2.2.3 Routing Protocol in VANET
6
7
7
2.3 Mobile Network (3G Network)
2.3.1 How Mobile Network Works
8
9
2.4 Social Media
2.4.1 Process of Data Dissemination
2.4.2 Network Degree
9
10
10
2.5 Summary of Literature Review 11
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 13
viii
3.2 System Model
3.2.1 Vehicular Ad-hoc Network System Model
3.2.2 Vehicular Ad-hoc Network with Mobile
Network System Model
13
13
15
3.3 Flowchart 16
3.4 Software And Hardware Requirement
3.4.1 Software Requirement
3.4.2 Hardware Requirement
17
17
18
REFFRERNCES
ix
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
2.1 First table in chapter 2
3.1 First table in chapter 3
3.2 Second table in chapter 3
x
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
2.1 First figure in chapter 2 6
2.2 Second figure in chapter 2 7
2.3 Third figure in chapter 2 8
3.1 First figure in chapter 3 13
3.2 Second figure in chapter 3 15
3.3 Third figure in chapter 3 16
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / TERMS / SYMBOLS
SUMO Simulation of Urban Mobility
VANET Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network
MANET Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
FYP Final year project
3G Third generation of Mobile Network
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter brings an introduction to the project proposal. It starts with and
overview of the key concept related to the stated problems of the project. In the mean
times, the foundation’s purpose of this project is stated and the proposed solutions
upon the project challenges are briefly presented. Following, the aims and limitation
of the project will be recorded for significantly.
1.1 Project Background
With the fast development in ad hoc wireless communications and vehicular
technology, it is foreseeable that, in the near future, there will be a paradigm shift in
traffic information systems. In particular, real-time traffic data will be collected and
disseminated by distributed mobile probes, Instead of fixed sensors used in the current
infrastructure based systems. A distributed network of vehicles such as a vehicular ad
hoc network (VANET) can easily turn into an infrastructure-less self-organizing
traffic information system, where any vehicle can become a mobile sensor,
participating in collecting and disseminating useful traffic information such as section
travel time, flow rate, and density.
Disseminating traffic information in a VANET is a unique problem. In contrast to
the unicast data typically transmitted in a network such as the Internet, the traffic
information generally has a broadcast-oriented nature. In other words, the traffic
information is of public interest and it usually benefits a group of users rather than a
specific individual. Consequently, it is more appropriate to use a broadcasting scheme
rather than a unicast routing scheme in disseminating the traffic information. The main
advantage of a broadcasting scheme is that a vehicle does not need to know a
destination address and a route to a specific destination. This eliminates the
complexity of route discovery, address resolution, and topology
2
1.2 Problem Statements
VANETs environment with mobile network are used to overcome several problem
which are:
a) Data dissemination in VANETs has very different characteristics
compared to other types of mobile networks.
b) This is mainly due to the inherent high degree of mobility but also due to
other aspects contributing to the high dynamics in network connectivity,
topology, and availability.
Car are moving too fast in some place such as highway or main road, the
information sometimes cannot be successful transfer because the vehicle are
moving too fast and the network topology are always changing. Its take time to
ad hoc network established their network with other before the data can be
disseminated.
1.3 Objective
Objective of a project is defined as the project outcome and how to achieve it. It is
also a supporting action to ensure the goals of the project are accomplished. The
objectives of this project are stated below:
a) To design application for disseminate information
b) To notify real time road traffic incident
c) To ensure the vehicles to transmit and receive info in high speed changing
topology
1.4 Scope
The scope of the project is to Disseminate Road Traffic Information in VANET
environment by implement mobile network as a new technique to disseminate the
information. Basically a few software and hardware components are involved to
simulate the VANETs environment.
3
a) A mobile phone is used to simulate the VANET environment and disseminate
the information using mobile network.
b) Calculate the time taken in a traffic jam using Tweet Binder by time series
theory.
c) To simulate the time taken in a traffic jam without read-world implementation
via Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO)
1.5 Limitation of Work
This project will cover about disseminate the information at social media using
VANET environment via mobile network. Social media have a very big data to be
processes, so all information that used from the social media might include the fake
data. To eliminate the fake data is not included in this project.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
The literature review is a process to read, analyses, evaluate and summarize
the scientific material in respect of any topic (Fink, 2015). To come up with all
elements in VANETs, a review of related literature was conducted by gathering
information from the research papers and journals. The information has been gathered
to get a better understanding of the used and applied technologies in this project.
Particularly, the project will clarify about the key concept related with the project
proposal.
2.2 Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET)
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is technology that integrates the
capabilities of new generation wireless networks to vehicles. VANET builds a robust
Ad-Hoc network between mobile vehicles and roadside units. It is a form of MANET
that establishes communication among nearby vehicles and adjacent fixed apparatus,
usually described as roadside apparatus. VANET can achieve affective
communication between moving node by using different ad-hoc networking tools such
as Wifi IEEE 802.11 b/g, WiMAX IEEE 802.10, Bluetooth. (Pathan, Al-Sakib Khan,
2011).
For communication to occur between vehicles and RoadSide Units (RSUs),
vehicles must be equipped with some sort of radio interface or OnBoard Unit (OBU)
that enables short-range wireless ad hoc networks to be formed. Vehicles must also be
fitted with hardware that permits detailed position information such as Global
Positioning System (GPS) or a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS)
receiver. Fixed RSUs, which are connected to the backbone network, must be in place
5
to facilitate communication. The number and distribution of roadside units is
dependent on the communication protocol is to be used. ( Sherali Zeadally, 2010)
Figure 2.1: Routing based communication
The routing-based communication configuration (Figure 2.1) is a multi-hop
unicast where a data are propagated in a multi-hop fashion until the vehicle carrying
the desired data is reached. When the query is received by a vehicle owning the
desired piece of information, the application at that vehicle immediately sends a
unicast message containing the information to the vehicle it received the request from,
which is then charged with the task of forwarding it towards the query source. (
Sherali Zeadally, 2010)
VANET is mainly aimed at providing safety related information and traffic
management. Safety and traffic management entails real time information and directly
affect lives of people travelling on the road. Simplicity and security of VANET
mechanism ensures greater efficiency. Safety is realized as prime attribute of
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) system. The majority of all nodes in VANET
are vehicles that are able to form self-organizing networks without prior knowledge of
each other. VANET with low security level are more vulnerable to frequent attacks.
There are wide ranges of applications like commercial establishments, consumers,
entertainment where VANET are deployed and it is very necessary to add security to
these networks so that damage to life and property could not occur. (Stampoulis,
Antonios, and Zheng Chai, 2007).
6
2.2.1 Characteristic of VANET
There are various appealing and attractive features that make a difference from
other types of networks. (Divya Chadha, Reena, 2015)
High Mobility: The nodes present in VANETs move at a very high speed.
These moving nodes can be protected saved from attacks and other security
threats only if their location is predicable. High mobility leads to various other
issues in VANET.
Rapidly Changing Network Topology: Vehicles moving at high speed in
VANET lead to quick changes in network topology.
No Power constraints: Power constraint always exists in various networks but
in VANETs vehicles are able to provide power to on board unit (OBU) via the
long life battery. So energy constraint is not always an essential challenge as in
MANETs.
Unbounded Network Size: The network size in VANET is geographically
unbounded because it can be generated for one city or one country.
Time Critical: Timely delivery of information is very essential. Actions can
be performed accordingly only when information is available when it is
required.
Frequent changing information: Ad-Hoc nature of VANET motivates the
nodes to gather information from other vehicles and roadside units. As
vehicles move and change their path, information related to traffic and
environment also changes very rapidly.
Wireless Communication: Nodes are connected and exchange their
information through wireless.
Variable network density: The network density is changed according to traffic
density; it is very high in traffic jam and low in suburban traffic.
High computability ability: Due to computational resources and sensors, the
computational capacity of the node is increased.
7
2.2.2 Communication In VANET
Various type of communication technique are used in VANET such as:
Figure 2.2: Communication in VANET
Vehicle to Vehicle Communication: It refers to inter vehicle communication.
Vehicles or a group of vehicles connect with one another and communicate
like point to point architecture. It proves to be very helpful for cooperative
driving.
Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication: Number of base stations
positioned in close proximity with a fixed infrastructure to the highways is
necessary to provide the facility of uploading/downloading of data from/to the
vehicles. Each infrastructure access point covers a cluster
Cluster to Cluster Communication: In VANETs network is split into clusters
that are self-managed group of vehicles. Base Station Manager Agent (BSMA)
enables communications between the clusters. BSMA of one cluster
communicates with that of other cluster.
2.2.3 Routing Protocols in VANET
Various protocols have been proposed by researcher so far that are based on
some category. Below are protocol used in VANET.
Ad-Hoc Routing: used for frequent link breaking as expected.
DNT: Uses carry & forward strategy to overcome frequent disconnection.
OVERLAY: Transmit short hello massage.
8
Geocast based: Location based multicast routing protocol where each node
deliver message to other node that is isolated in a specific geographic region
Cluster based: Many group of node are made, every cluster represented by a
cluster head.
Broadcast based: specially used to communicate safety related message.
2.3 Mobile Network (3G Network)
Wireless mobile network have always changing in topologies. Now, wireless
mobile network are becoming the main type of network access for telecommunication
services. The trend of the wireless network and next generation mobile network has
now been directed into two distinct paths. One is the path of the cellular mobile
system and seconds their long-standing and much deployed infrastructure all over the
world. Deployment of wireless mobile network technology is about to reach its fifth
generation. In past, a wireless mobile network has followed difference evolutionary
paths designed at combined target that is performance and efficiency in high mobile
environment.
2.3.1 How Mobile Network Works
Figure 2.3: Mobile Network Communication
9
Cellular networks are wireless WANs that establish a connection between
mobile users. Figure 2.2.1 shows a high level view of a cellular communication
network. The cellular network is comprised of many “cells” that typically cover 2 to
20 miles in area. The users communicate within a cell through wireless
communications. A Base Transceiver Station (BTS), also known as a Base Station
(BS), is accessed by the mobile units in each cell by using wireless communications.
One BTS is assigned to each cell. Regular cable communication channels can be used
to connect the BTSs to the Mobile Switching Center (MSC), also known as Mobile
Telecommunications Service Center (MTSC ). The MSC is the heart of cellular
networks – it determines the destination of the call received from a BTS and routes it
to a proper site, either by sending it to another BTS or to a regular telephone network.
Keep in mind that the communications are wireless within a cell only. The bulk of
cell-to-cell communication is carried through regular telephone lines (wireless local
loops can be used but are not essential). The MTSC uses two databases called Home
Location Register (HLR) and Visitor location Register (VLR) to locate the mobile
users. We will discuss location services and roaming support in a later section.
2.4 Social Media
Social network sites (SNSs) provide hundreds of thousands of users with a
platform to interact, cooperate, create, and share information (Boyd & Ellison, 2007;
Zhao et al., 2008). On Twitter, users can acquire information about others by viewing
their ‘‘Profile,’’ ‘‘Status,’’ and ‘‘Photo’’ entries, enabling them to develop
friendships. SNSs connection can be divided into two-way connections (friends) and
one-way connections (fans and followers). These connections can be tight, loose,
dependent, or independent and further enable users to build their personal networks on
SNSs (Katona et al., 2011).
Friend and follower lists enable the visualization of network connections.
Unlike traditional, anonymous sites, SNSs offer their users publicity, visibility, and
accessibility to others, and have partially replaced actual social connections
(Benevenuto, Rodrigues, Cha, & Almeida, 2009). SNSs have influenced the way
people socialize and disseminate information, and have transformed interactions
10
between consumers and companies (Haythornthwaite, 2002; Lewis, Kaufman,
Gonzalez, Wimmer, & Christakis, 2008; Zhao et al., 2008).
2.4.1 Process of Data Dissemination
Following Watts & Dodds’ (2007) study, this study assumed that an individual
i in a population of size N influenced ni others, where ni was drawn from an influence
distribution p(n). A single node (i=1) was selected as the initial transmitter at time t =
0. Accordingly, this node transmitted a piece of information to all n i Facebook
friends. Each of the ni friends independently decided to view information with a
probability q = P (view|exposure). Each of the ni friends that viewed the information
decided whether to retransmit the information to friends. Thus, ni represents the
portion of a population of size N influenced by particular information. Based on the
available data, the goal of this study is to clarify the influence of the network effect on
information dissemination on SNSs.
2.4.2 Network Degree
Network degree (also called degree centrality or network connectivity) was
measured according to the number of connections a person has to other people in a
social network (Katona et al., 2011; Lewis et al., 2008). On SNSs, connections can be
measured by counting peoples’ followers and followees on Twitter (Hofer & Aubert,
2013; Lerman & Ghosh, 2010), or counting peoples’ friends and followers on
Facebook (Sun et al., 2009). A major node with more neighboring nodes is more
likely to influence those neighboring nodes (Dover et al., 2012).
11
2.5 Summary of Literature Review
Table 2.1: Literature Review
Author Title Descriptions Technology Advantage Disadvantage
Sooksan
Panichpapiboon,
Member, IEEE,
and Wasan
Pattara-atikom,
2011
A Review of
Information
Dissemination
Protocols for Vehicular
Ad Hoc Networks
Traffic information will be
collected and disseminated
in real-time by mobile
sensors
Fixed sensors used in the
current infrastructure-based
traffic information systems
Classify and provide an in-
depth review of these
protocols
Multi-hop
broadcasting
Single-hop
broadcasting
All data we sent
to every single
vehicles
Data redundancy
Loss of
Communication
Christoph
Sommer, Falko
Dressler, 2013
Information
Dissemination in
Vehicular Networks
Information dissemination
principles in vehicular
networks
The topology of vehicular
networks is way too
dynamic to make this
MANET approach a
success
New Concept form
Beaconing now, to geo-
casting, and to using store-
carry-forward concepts
Geo-casting
Broadcast
suppression
Ouafa Mahma
and Ahmed
Korichi, 2016
Towards A New
Approach Of Data
Dissemination In
VANETs Networks
These systems require
traffic information sharing
and dissemination
12
Sharing such information
between vehicles helps to
anticipate potentially
dangerous situations, as
well as planning better
routes during congestion
situations
Model and simulate
VANET Networks in order
to analyze and evaluate
security information
dissemination approaches
and mechanisms used in
this type of networks in
several exchanges
conditions
Divya Chadha,
Reena, 2015
Vehicular Ad hoc
Network (VANETs): A
Review
Communication Vehicles
and road-side base stations
with an aim of providing
efficient and safe
transportation
VANET introduces more
challenges aspects as
compare to MANET
because of high mobility of
nodes and fast topology
changes in VANET
Routing protocols for
VANET
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
The methodology is the process, step or stages used to collect information and
data for the purpose of making decisions. The method is chosen from the software
development life cycle model. There are many models included in the software
development life cycle. For this project, iterative and incremental model approach has
been chosen.
3.2 System Model
System model is the used of model to conceptualize and construct system such
as picture, sketch in IT Development. It is used to explain the function of the model
and make clear understanding of how the theory works.
3.2.1 VANETs System Model
Figure 3.1: VANETs environment
14
Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network or VANET is a subform of Mobile Ad-Hoc
Network or MANET that provides communication between vehicles and between
vehicles with the aim of providing efficient and safe transportation. VANET is a
technology that integrates the capabilities of new generation wireless networks to
vehicles. VANET builds a robust Ad-Hoc network between mobile vehicles and
roadside units. It is a form of MANET that establishes communication among nearby
vehicles and adjacent fixed apparatus, usually described as a roadside device. VANET
can achieve effective communication between moving node by using different ad-hoc
networking tools such as Wife IEEE 802.11 b/g, WiMAX IEEE 802.10, Bluetooth,
IRA.
In multi-hop broadcasting, a packet propagates through the network by way of
flooding. In general, when a source vehicle broadcasts an information packet, some of
the vehicles within the vicinity of the source will become the next relay vehicles
(nodes) and perform a relaying task by rebroadcasting the packet further. Similarly,
after a relay node rebroadcasts the packet, some of the vehicles in its vicinity will
become the next relay nodes and forward the packet further. As a result, the
information packet will be able to propagate from the source to the other distant
vehicles.
Single-hop broadcasting, vehicles do not flood the information packets.
Instead, when a vehicle receives a packet, it keeps the information in its on-board
database. Periodically, each vehicle selects some of the records in its database to
broadcast. Thus, with single-hop broadcasting, each vehicle will carry the traffic
information with itself as it travels, and this information will be transferred to other
vehicles in its one-hop neighborhood in the next broadcast cycles. Ultimately, a
single-hop broadcasting protocol relies heavily on vehicle mobility in spreading the
information.
15
3.2.2 VANETs and Mobile Network System Model
Figure 3.2:. VANETs environment with mobile network
Mobile networks are often equated with other wireless transmission
technologies, such as WLAN, Bluetooth or Trusted Wireless. The data are never
transmitted directly forms the transmitter to the receiver, the data are transmitted from
the mobile transmitter through the air to the nearest mobile phone tower. From there,
the data are fed into the fixed network the core network of the mobile phone service
provider such as celcom, digi, maxis and umobile. The service provides will route the
packet data to the actual address that the packet have been set and will be arrived to
the social media server twitter for example. Social media will disseminate the data to
the entire user that have connection with the sender.
In packet-oriented data transmission, the data to be transmitted are divided into
small packets. Each packet is given a source address and a destination address. On the
way to the destination, the data packets can be transmitted over different routes. The
packets can therefore arrive in a different sequence and at different times, which
makes communication more complex. A great advantage of this approach is the
significantly better network utilization. As soon as individual paths on the network
fail or become overloaded, the transmitted packets are automatically re-routed via
other paths. This allows the network to be optimally utilized.
16
3.3 Flowchart
Flowchart is used to explain the flow of the project in sample explanation what
next after the one step is done. In this section, I will explain the process in this project
for more understanding.
Figure 3.3: Flowchart of the project
Sample android app that has been created will used to install to an android
phone as a platform to user send the information. Before the user start their journey,
they must make sure the app is running in their phone either background process or
foreground. The app will locate the location current user by using Global Positioning
System (GPS) and user will continue their journey as usual. One unexpected event
happen, user will input the information to the app that something has happen at their
current position. The app will disseminate the information via mobile network to the
social media (twitter). In twitter, every user that connected to the user account such
family and friend will get the information.
Tweet binder is popular analytical tools and technique used to do analysis
about the social media. Is has ability to search, retrieve and analyze based on hashtags,
keywords and terms. Information retrieval is very appropriate for specific events such
17
as real-time incident detection and analysis of Twitter messages for the purpose of
critical and noncritical situations. Twitter provides a platform for notifying user of
real-time events, such as traffic incident. Form these analytical tools, we can get the
information about the incident happen, who involved, and how long the event happen.
Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) will used to simulated the road traffic
incident.
3.4 Software and Hardware Requirement
In the making of this project, software and hardware tools are very important
and essential. The system cannot be developed successfully without these software
and hardware requirements.
3.4.1 Software Requirement
Table 3.1 Software Requirement
No. Software Purpose
1. MIT App 2 Online tools for create Android Application,
design and code the app.
2. Tweet Binder Analytical tools used for analysis the data
from social media
3. Simulation of Urban Mobility Simulation to create road environment
4. Google Chrome Tools that are used as a platform to run the
system
5. Microsoft Office 2010
Microsoft Word 2010
Microsoft PowerPoint
2010
Tools that are used for documentation of the
project, creating report, presentation slide
and making diagram
6. Google Drive Backup All documents
7. Bignox Simulate android environment for testing the
app
8. Twitter Social media used to disseminate
information
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3.4.2 Hardware Requirement
Table 3.2 Hardware Requirement
No. Hardware Description
1. Laptop Model: Lenovo G470
CPU: Intel core i5 2540
OS: Windows 10
Function: To develop all the project
requirement and make documentation
2. Printer Model: Canon MX416
Function: To print all the needed document
and report
3. Mobile Phone Model: Xiaomi Redmi 2
OS: Android 5.0.1
Function: Run app android that we have create
before
REFERENCES
Wasan Pattara-atikom, and Sooksan Panichpapiboon. 2011. “A Review of
Information Dissemination Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks”. IEEE
Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Accepted For Publication
Christoph Sommer, and Falko Dressler. 2011. “Information Dissemination in
Vehicular Networks”.
Ouafa Mahma, and Ahmed Korichi. 2016. “Towards A New Approach Of Data
Dissemination In Vanets Networks”. CCSEA, CLOUD, DKMP, SEA, SIPRO - 2016
pp. 13–23, 2016. © CS & IT-CSCP 2016.
Divya Chadha, and Reena. 2015. “Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANETs): A
Review”. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer
and Communication Engineering.
Prof. Dr. Eduard Heindl. 2003. “Mobile Network”. Mobile and wireless network by
Dong-Wan Tcha, Encyclopedia of information systems, volume 3,copyright
2003,Elsevier science (USA)
Ahmad Faisal Abidin, Mario Kolberg, and Amir Hussain. 2015. “Integrating
Twitter Traffic Information with Kalman Filter Models for Public Transportation
Vehicle Arrival Time Prediction”. M.Trovatietal.(eds.),Big-Data Analytics and Cloud
Computing, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-25313-8_5