a pranzo con il nic...1. carry “food and water” 2. shield the team from interruptions 3....
TRANSCRIPT
A PRANZO CON IL NIC
KNOWLEDGE WORKERS AS A KEY FACTOR FOR PROJECT SUCCESS
TIZIANO VILLA – MARCH 27TH, 2020
©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
“Knowledge Workers as a key factor for project success”
✓ Tiziano Villa, PMP®, PMI-ACP®
✓ Bachelor’s degree in electronic engineering
✓ Founder and CEO of PMLAB® www.pmlab.it
✓ Past Director of PMI®-NIC (2003-2007)
✓ Reviewer of italian translation of PMBOK® and
PMI®- Agile Practice Guide
✓ Volunteer in project management for social good
✓ Contract professor in project management at SAA -
EMBA
2
tiziano.villa
©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
A starting point…
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✓ Organizations most effective at knowledge transfer
improve project outcomes by nearly 35%.
✓ Effective organizations are three times as likely
to have a formal knowledge transfer process
(92% compared to 33%).
✓ These effective organizations have much more
of their projects meet their original goals and
business intent (82% versus 62%).
©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
The project’s destiny depends on KWs!
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KWs share their
tacit knowledge not
regardless, but on
condition that…
TK - Tacit
Knowledge
is owned
by KWs
KWs strongly
influence project
performance and
results
71% of PMBOK®
processes use
Expert
Judgment (TK)
How to engage
KWs in the
project’s
adventure?
Assumption:
your project
is mainly
complicated
and complex
©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
Sketching the scene: three main questions
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2. Why are they
so important
for project success?
1. Who are the
Knowledge
Workers?
3- How to
engage them?
©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
1. KW - Knowledge Workers
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«KWs have high degree of expertise,
education or experience, and the primary
purpose of their jobs involves the creation,
distribution or application of knowledge» (Davemport, 2005)
KWs are individuals who bring
valuable tacit knowledge to the project.
“KW is a personal presence
that makes a big difference,
particularly in complex situations” (Villa, 2015)
Engineers, researchers, architects, designers,
IT professionals, managers, scientists,
surgeons, academics, lawyers, economists,
specialized technicians, marketing & sales
specialists, project managers, and so on…
©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
1. The six factors of KWs productivity (Drucker, 1999)
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1. We impose the responsibility for their productivity on the individual knowledge
workers themselves.
2. KWs have to manage themselves.
3. Continuing innovation has to be part of the work, the task and the responsibility of KWs.
4. Knowledge work requires continuous learning on the part of the KW, but equally
continuous teaching on the part.
5. Productivity of the KW is not — at least not primarily — a matter of the quantity of output.
Quality is at least as important.
6. KW productivity requires that the KW is both seen and treated as an asset rather than a
cost. It requires that KWs wish to work for the organization in preference to all other
opportunities.
©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
1. Personal Usefulness (Value) of a Knowledge Worker (Patalas-Maliszewska, 2013)
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Wnm = f (GK, PK, A, E, P, C, R)
➢ W = Personal Usefulness of a KW (n) in a functional area (m) of the company
➢ GK = General Knowledge
➢ PK = Professional Knowledge
➢ A = Professional Abilities
➢ E = Experience
➢ P = Patents
➢ C = Clients
➢ R = Personality
©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
1. Where KWs live: the CYNEFIN framework
Reference: David Snowden – PMI®-NIC
“Managing projects in a complex environments” –
Milan, December 3rd, 2016
(*) Cynefin is a welsh word
meaning “habitat”.
The idea of the Cynefin
framework is that it offers
decision-makers a "sense of
place" from which to view
their perceptions (changing
the place, changing the way
to think and act).
Cynefin is NOT a
categorization model
(2 x 2 matrix).
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(Simple)
Procedures
Expert JudgmentExperiments
Absolute Command
Disorder
KWs
©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
1. “Managing projects in complex environments” – PMI®-NIC Milan,12-2016
Photo by Giorgio Bensa«vietato dire no se pol»
10
One-day
workshop with
Dave Snowden
©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
2. Types of project knowledge
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Explicit K (represented)
Tacit K (embodied)
Implicit K (embedded)
Stock (asynchrony) Flow (synchrony)
pers
on
al
co
llecti
ve
KW
Create WBS
©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC 12
Explicit K
Implicit K
Tacit K
Knowledge
Transfer
Knowledge
Sharing
2. The iceberg of Knowledge
KWs
©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC 13
3. Engaging KWs
Recognize
them
Create the
conditions
Guide the
(e)motion(s)
The five
professional
harshnesses
The concept
of «Ba»
Servant
Leadership
KWs expectationsProject objective
©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
3. The five professional harshnesses of KWs
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KW
Individualist
Vain
Touchly
Conservative
Loyal to
profession
KW
The more outside, the better inside!
15©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC 15A PRANZO CON IL NIC
3. The concept of “Ba”
Ba: “a shared space
for emerging relationships”
➢ Physical proximity
➢ F2F relationships
➢ Osmotic communication
➢ Figurative dialogue
➢ Safe and trusty place
➢ Mental models
➢ Visual tools
➢ Personal reflection
➢ Safe failure
➢ PoC – Proof of Concept
Reference: Nonaka- Konno, 1998
https://theknowledgeexplorer.org/2017/07/05/the-concept-of-ba/
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16©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC 16
3. Servant Leadership
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From a knowledge perspective, project manager is a «hostage» of KWs, thus he/she
must think and act as a servant leader.
«Servant leadership is the practice of leading through service to the team, by
focusing on understanding and addressing the needs and development of team
members» (PMI® - Agile Practice Guide, 2017).
1. Carry “food and water”
2. Shield the team from
interruptions
3. (Re)Communicate project
vision
4. Remove impediments to
progress
“Adaptive Servant Leadership”
1. Service to others
2. Holistic approach
to work
3. Promoting a sense
of community
4. Sharing of power in
decision-making
“The Servant
as Leader”
17©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
Summing-up
When a project is mainly complicated and
complex, KWs make the difference.
They elicit and share tacit knowledge, on
condition that the right «Ba» is settled.
Servant leadership addresses their
harshnesses, balancing KWs expectations
with project objective.
KWs
18©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
A final thought
KWs are like the cats:
it depends which way you brush their fur!
Cat is still
the same,
but result is
quite different.
19©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
References
Author Title Year Publisher
Drucker P. F. Management challenges of the 21th century 1999 Harper Collins
Davemport T. H. Thinking for a living, how to get better
performance and results from knowledge workers
2005 Harvard Business School
Press
Snowden D. J. – Boone
M. E.
A Leader’s Framework for Decision Making 2007 HBR – Issue 11.2007
Nonaka I.- Konno M. The concept of «Ba»: building a foundation for
knowledge creation
1998 California Management
Review – Vol.40 N.3
Greenleaf R. K. The servant as leader 1970 Center for servant
leadership
Patalas-Maliszewska J. Managing knowledge workers 2013 Springer
PMI® Capturing the value of project management
through knowledge transfer
2015 PMI® - Pulse of the
profession
20©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
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21©2020 – Tiziano vIlla “Knowledge workers as a key factor for project success” A PRANZO CON IL NIC
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