a preliminary investigation in the development of breeding objectives for pinus radiata paul...
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A Preliminary Investigation A Preliminary Investigation in the Development of in the Development of
Breeding Objectives for Breeding Objectives for Pinus radiataPinus radiata
Paul Chambers
Tony McRae
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ObjectivesObjectives
Review of the STBA members production systems issues of concern
Estimation of economic weights using existing relationships between traits and profit
(from Greaves 2000 & Chambers 2000)
Recommendations easy transition to the FWPRDC project
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Brief Theoretical Brief Theoretical BackgroundBackground
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Use of Breeding Objectives: a Use of Breeding Objectives: a Common SchemeCommon Scheme
for alternative decisions (e.g. alternative choices of parents)
selection criteria, breeding values, genetic response
a profit function (i.e. calculation of the objective)
used to combine genetic merits of various traits into a single value (profit)
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MethodologyMethodology
specification of the breeding, production and marketing systems
identification and definition of the wood-flows and the sources of income and cost
determination of the biological traits influencing wood-flow, income and cost
derivation of the economic value of each trait formal definition of the breeding objective
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Profit FunctionsProfit Functions
• Hazel (1943) introduced the “total merit index”:H = w1A1 + w2A2 + ... + wnAn
Profit
Trait Units
slope = economic weight
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Profit FunctionsProfit Functions
Hazel’s objective (profit function) revisited linear combination of traits coefficients (economic weights) were the effect on
profit when all other traits are held constant– non-linearity between a trait and profit ??
dealt with trait breeding values– what about non-additive genetic effects ??
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The Breeding ObjectiveThe Breeding Objective
Genetic Values
Management Variables
PROFIT FUNCTIONPROFIT FUNCTION
PROFIT
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Industry ReviewIndustry Review((February & March 2000)February & March 2000)
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Industrial ProcessIndustrial Process
forest growerschemical (kraft & sulphite) pulpingthermo-mechanical pulpingsaw-milling (appearance, structural)composites
veneers (plywood, LVL) particleboard fibreboard (hardboard, MDF)
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Production SystemsProduction Systems
Remanufacture
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Production SystemsProduction Systems
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Production SystemsProduction Systems
DEBARKING & CHIPPING
High Strength Kraft Pulp
Chips
TMP Fibres
Steam Recovery
Clean Steam
Clean Steam
Clean Steam
Bleached TMP Fibres
Blend of Bleached TMP Fibres/Kraft Fibres/Filler
Artificial Filler
Bleaching Chemicals
Electrical Energy
Pine Roundwood
REFINING
SCREENING & CLEANING
BLEACHING
SCREENING & CLEANING
PAPER
REBOILER
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Future WorkFuture Work
kraft and sulphite pulping extend to paper properties sulphite pulping: a management solution ?
saw-milling improvement of current profit functions
composites development of profit functions (gluability important!)
risk traits and GxE incorporate into formally defined objectives
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Issues from Saw-millersIssues from Saw-millers
resource issues uniformity of wood (core, knots, reaction wood etc.) wood for end-use flexibility juvenile wood core (centred)
• how do we define it ?
• is it masking the real issue ?
management issues log sorting ? drying degrade ?
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Yield TablesYield Tables
several partners had yield tables which relate log properties to timber class
SED, length, taper, sweep link these tables to forest growing phase (maximise profit per
tree for the grower)
big issue is how branching affects these relationships ?
assume management controlled variables are optimised, but can we ?
access to spacing trials
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Market Signals ?Market Signals ?
ok between processors and consumerstraditionally breaks down between
processors and growers lack of communication between these groups promote understanding of issues (mill studies)
however basis is there ! premiums paid on log size, region etc.
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Saw-mill Model ?Saw-mill Model ?
relating timber grade (profit) to log properties
national database for sawing studies ?– continually revised and updated
create software for distribution ? the case of SAWMOD in NZ
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An Economic Objective An Economic Objective (using HVP as an example)(using HVP as an example)
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General Production SystemGeneral Production System Two Main Components
1. growing trees in the forest
2. the conversion from this raw resource into some desired end-product
HVP only involved in the first– use neo-classical economic production theory– thus assume as for a vertically integrated firm
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Major RegionsMajor Regions
HVP’s plantation estate divided into four main regions:
1. North-east Victoria
2. Gippsland
3. Ballarat
4. South-west Victoria
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MethodologyMethodology• define the production systems (for each region)
• define key assumptions used
• develop a model for each production system which calculates enterprise profitability
• define the traits which impact directly on profitability
• model the impact of objective traits on each production system
• calculate economic weights
• sensitivity analysis
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Breeding Objective TraitsBreeding Objective TraitsMAIWOOD BASIC DENSITYSTEM SWEEPSTEM TAPERTIMBER WORKING STRESSPULP YIELDBRANCH INDEX