a presentation by sub-seismic resolution in - squarespace · pdf filesub-seismic resolution in...
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A Presentation by
Geophysical Insights, “From Insight To Foresight”, and Paradise are registered trademarks of Geophysical Research, LLC. All rights reserved. 2015.
Sub-seismic Resolution in
the Eagle Ford Enabled by
Multi-attribute Analysis in
Paradise:
Instantaneous, Geometric,
and Spectral Decomposition
Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs)
Patricia Santogrossi
Sr. Geoscience Consultant
SEG Convention, New Orleans
Multi-Attribute Analysis lives hereTM
18-21 October2015
Seismic data owned and provided courtesy of Seitel, Inc.
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Introduction: Overview of project and Paradise
Part 1 Stratigraphic SOM results
Part 2 Classifications at wells
Part 3 Geometric SOM Results
Spectral Decomposition SOM Results
Outline
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• Combines multiple attributes on 2D as well as 3D data
o Quickly –
a 2D line in a twinkling
10 sq. miles w/ 40 attributes in minutes
50 squares with 60-70 attributes in under an hour.
• Software automatically documents analysis details, results. Reports planned.
• Normalized by standard deviation, results eliminate tuning, velocity concerns.
• Characterizations can be delimited by horizons; guided by key line(s)
What Paradise Can Do That Other Software Cannot
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• Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -
Identify and quantify the key
attributes in the suite/seismic volumes
• Self Organizing Maps (SOMs) -
Classify data in clusters that
- show geologic features/anomalies
- enable specific calibration
• Interactive 2D ColorMaps that can -
- use transparency to focus
We use
What Paradise Can Do That Other Software Cannot cont’d
Eigenvalue Profile by Inline
Eigenspectrum
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• Nearly 216 sq mi of merged 3D seismic data
• PSTM volume from 0-5.0s at 2ms sample interval
• Enhanced volume (SPEN)
• 4 Mapped Horizons - Austin Chalk, Upper EF, Top EF Shale, Buda
• Over 300 wells
• 10+ pilot holes with tops, logs, deviations, T/ D corrections
• 274 horizontal wells with “attributes”*
• Type logs for 23 wells
Eagle Ford Project Basis
5
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• Upper EF can be readily distinguished and multiple character variations are observed
• Ash beds (top EF Sh) may be mapped and separated from potential reservoir facies
• Basal clay rich facies can be mapped and separated from Buda and from Eagle Ford shale target
• Eagle Ford reservoir interval, previously characterized as “Low Resistivity”, “High Resistivity” or “Mixed”
- can be separated into four or more non-layer cake zones
- includes an unrecognized, underdeveloped (?) sweet spot
- No problem seeing faults
• Spectral Decomp works best in the Austin Chalk and Buda….
Conclusions to Date
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PARADISE PRELIMINARY STRATIGRAPHIC RESULTS (5)
SEG OCTOBER 2015
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Attributes for PCA (16) Key Attributes for SOMs (10)
Instantaneous Attributes SOM Recipe from 3 Eigenvectors
• Acceleration of Phase
• Band Width
• Dominant Frequency
• Envelope Modulated Phase
• Envelope Second Derivative
• Envelope Time Derivative
• Imaginary Part
• Instantaneous Frequency
• Inst. Freq. Envelope Weighted
• Instantaneous Phase
• Instantaneous Q
• Normalized Amplitude
• Real part
• Relative Acoustic Impedance
• Thin Bed Indicator
• Trace Envelope
8
Instantaneous SOMs
SOM1 1.5s 3.2s 8x8
SOM2 -100ms +10ms 8x8
SOM3 -100ms +10ms 5x5
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Original Result : Instantaneous SOM1– Default colors
Eagle Ford
BUDA
Inline 19
1.5s
3.2s
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1,2,9
49
57
58
59
60
Instantaneous SOM1 Original Result with “Tweaked” colors
Inline 110
1.5s
3.2s
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1,2,9
49 Ash?
57 Low Res
58
52 High Res
59
60 Pepper Sh
Instantaneous SOM1 Original Result Resolves Facies Bands
Inline 1
11
EF
BUDA
Animate…
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Eagle Ford and Other Very Similar Objectives on Inline 2
This feature:3.7 mi W-E by
2.2 mi N-S = > 8 sq mi (5209 ac),
may be up to 75’ thick.
Filled scours cut into the top Georgetown
A natural cluster is a stack of all geobodies with similar attribute properties. - T. Smith, July 201512
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Delimited by Buda Horizon:
SOM 2 (2)
Instantaneous SOMs
SOM1 1.5s 3.2s 8x8
SOM2 -100ms +10ms 8x8
SOM3 -100ms +10ms 5x5
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3 Sectors
Patterns Show Changes in
Neuron Textures and Faults in
Downdip Area
Strat Complexity on Inline 3
Green1,2,3 (4),9
53/54,(60r,57/58,60r),59rt
Green 9,10,11
High Med LowInst. Frequency
Green 1,2,9,11
[
14
59rt(60r, 57/58, 60r)
53/54
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• Interval shown
in previous slide
“extracted” by
three neurons
• Poorly sampled
in key wells with
logs. Missed
sweet spot?
Instantaneous SOM 2 ‘High Res” Extracted Geobody
6
5
8
9
10
11V
15A geobody is a 3D geologic feature in seismic reflection data. - T. Smith, July 2015
60r,57/58,60r
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CLASSIFICATION ON HORIZON (3)
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SOM 1 Neuron 52* in EF SOM 2 Neuron 60** in EF
Comparison of Detail In Classification SOM1 vs SOM2
NW SW NW SW
P/K P/K
6 6
* **
17
ARB Line • Character changes in the Upper EF• Variations in thickness of Top EF Ash• Singles out basal clay shale
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Offset .016ms below Top EF Shale
SOM 2 Classification on Eagle Ford Top
Offset .012ms below Top EF Shale
6
8
6
8
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SOM 2 Classification Volume - “High Res” Extraction
Note: Eagle Ford top is now positioned below the extraction for contrast, not context.
6
8
9H
10
11V
19
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SOM 3 – New Topology (2)
Instantaneous SOMs
SOM1 1.5s 3.2s 8x8
SOM2 -100ms +10ms 8x8
SOM3 -100ms +10ms 5x5
20
Delimited by Buda Horizon:
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5x5 Topology 110 ms Eagle Ford Only
Instantaneous SOM3 Result – Facies bands?
Inline 3
UpdipUpdip
DowndipDowndip
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Updip vs Downdip
Changes in Neuron Textures by Area
1 u, l
5 Ash?
10 Low Res
22 High Res
17 P sh
21 m, l
*[EF
EF
BUBU
Buda
U EF
Inline 3
22
1
5 Ash?
10 Low Res
9
15
20
15
22 High Res
17 Cl sh
21 m, l *Note new neurons downdip
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PARADISE WELL RESULTS (9)
OCTOBER 2015
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Well 6 TIME
Well 6 DEPTH
BUDA
EF Sh
EF Sh
BUDA
24
• EF Shale
Objective
14ms or
108’
• EF
Formation
28 ms or
260’
• EF
“influence”
42 ms or
~350’
Resolution on the Eagle FordSeismic data owned and provided
courtesy of Seitel, Inc.
How could predict presence and location of ‘Hi res” vs “Lo Res” pay?
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8
6
8
9 10
11v
Index to Wells
Instantaneous SOM2
25
2
1
6
7
9
11v
10
4
3 5
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Instantaneous SOM2 at Wells 2V and 1V – “Red Zone”NW SENW SE
229.2 MBOE
246 MBOE
26
Basal Clay-rich Sh -
On BUDA Horizon
AC
Inline
1
2
Basal Clay-rich Sh -
AC
Inline
MSD 2D
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Instantaneous SOM2 - Wells 3V & 4V, 5V – “Gold Overlay”
Note: Upper EF variationsEF Shale Reservoir Mix is lateral
396.3 MBOE
325.4 MBOE
P
NW SE NW SE
27
Basal Clay-rich Sh -AC
Inline
Inline
Basal Clay-rich Sh -
Note: EFSh red lapoutRust center downdipAsh bed thickness varies
3
4 5
MSD 2D
353.0 MBOE
325.4 MBOE
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Instantaneous SOM2 Wells 6V and 8V - Rust Core
261.9 MBOE
372.3 MBOE
NW SE
28
Inline
NW SE
Basal Clay-rich Sh -
AC
Inline
Basal Clay-rich Sh -
AC
8
6
MSD 2D
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Instantaneous SOM2 Fault Resolution
1,083,908 MBOE
29
Basal Clay-rich Sh -
On BUDA Horizon
604,934 MBOE
MSD 2D
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With 10% Probability Filter ON With 10% Probability Filter OFF
Instantaneous SOM2 Classification in Time Slice 2.578s
30
Buda Horizon Buda Horizon
8
9
8
910 10
77
MSD 2D
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Instantaneous SOM2 Well 11 V
SW NE
31
• New yellow on brown neurons (facies)
Crossline
MSD 2D
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Time slice at 2.722s Inline
Situation of Additional Uncalibrated Facies Downdip
32Sandy? Low or High resistivity?
Top Buda
Top EF Sh
Top Upr EF
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GEOMETRIC ATTRIBUTES SOM (1)
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Geometric Classification in High Res Eagle Ford
• This horizon has been
shifted 16ms below the
Top Eagle Ford
• Well 3H’s lateral borehole
encountered six faults, the
most of any in the well set
• Well 2H’s lateral borehole
encountered 2 faults
Well 3 H
Well 2 H
1
4u
11V
56
9
7
8
10
34
*
SOM used 10 attributes from 2 Eigenvectors*
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• A useful tool for “below resolution” seismic interpretation, reservoir
thickness estimation, depositional structure enhancement
• Unravels the seismic signal into its constituent frequencies which
allows the user to see phase and amplitude tuned to specific
wavelengths
• Amplitude component quantifies thickness variablility
• Phase component detects lateral discontinuities
Spectral Decomposition SOMs (6)
35
Best results in the Austin Chalk and the Buda!
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Fault not otherwise seen… Acquisition or Gridding Footprints
Instantaneous Spectral Decomp SOMs 24.7Hz vs 26.5Hz
36
1
3
1
3
Classification on Austin Chalk horizon
Linear Trace Octave Trace
2
2
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Well 3V Well 4V
Instantaneous Spectral Decomp 24.7Hz SOM
51/58 off BudaScour shapes 57/59r
1 / 2 greens off EFOther is 9/17/25/26
BUDA58
51 Upper EF
EF
37
3
4Crossline
Crossline
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Instantaneous Spectral Decomp 24.7Hz SOM in Time Slice
2.482s
56
4
• Stacking variations apparent from NE to SW
• Orange/Red & Yellow /Red is Top Buda
• Purple zone is Basal Clay-rich shale
SW NE
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Well 6V & 6H Well 8V & 8H
Instantaneous Spectral Decomp 24.7Hz SOM
Upper EF off except for new 46, 53, & 61Basal AC carved into it?
39
CrosslineCrossline
6
8
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SW NE
Instantaneous Spectral Decomp 24.7Hz SOM in Time Slice
2.290s
3
40
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Inline Segment “Influence”
Instantaneous SOM Spectral Decomp 26.5Hz OCT Trace
41
57
4956
4847
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Inline 3 Odd Feature
Instantaneous SOM Spectral Decomp 26.5Hz OCT Trace
57
4956
4847
42
Seismic data owned and provided courtesy of Seitel, Inc.
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• Upper EF can be readily distinguished and multiple character variations are observed
• Ash beds (top EF Sh) may be mapped and separated from potential reservoir facies
• Basal clay rich facies can be mapped and separated from Buda and from Eagle Ford shale target
• Eagle Ford reservoir interval, previously characterized as “Low Res” or “High Res”
- can be separated into four or more non-layer cake zones
- includes an unrecognized, underdeveloped (?) sweet spot
- No problem seeing faults
• Spectral Decomp works best in the Austin Chalk and Buda….
Conclusions to Date
43
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A Presentation by
Geophysical Insights, “From Insight To Foresight”, and Paradise are registered trademarks of Geophysical Research, LLC. All rights reserved. 2015.
PARADISE…
• If you want to Prognose and Calibrate outcomes better,
• If you want to Geosteer better
• I you want to Evaluate your Leasehold with more confidence
Patricia Santogrossi
Sr. Geoscience Consultant
44
Seismic data owned and provided courtesy of Seitel, Inc.
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