a project linking in-situ and satellite measurements to validate modis terrestrial ecology products...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: A Project Linking In-situ and Satellite Measurements to Validate MODIS Terrestrial Ecology Products Warren B. Cohen, US Forest Service; Stith T. Gower,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfb71a28abf838c9e7da/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Project Linking In-situ and Satellite Measurementsto Validate MODIS Terrestrial Ecology Products
Warren B. Cohen, US Forest Service; Stith T. Gower, University of Wisconsin;
David P. Turner, Oregon State University; Peter B. Reich, University of Minnesota;
Steven W. Running, University of Montana
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Objectives
• Develop better understanding of the climaticand ecological controls on total net primaryproduction and carbon allocation within andamong biomes
• Learn how flux tower-measured NEE andfield-measured NPP co-vary in time & how totranslate between them using ecological models
• Explore errors and information losses thataccrue when extrapolating field data to coarse-grained (1 km) surfaces
• Provide high quality site-specific data layersat four sites that can be compared to MODISand other sensor products
Technical
Scientific
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Sites
BOREAS Northern Old Black Spruce (NOBS)
Muskeg (open black spruce),
“Closed” black spruce, Aspen,
Wetlands, Jack pine
Harvard Forest (HARV) LTER
Mixed hardwoods, Eastern hemlock,
Red pine, Old-field meadow
Konza Prairie Biological Station (KONZ) LTER
Tallgrass, Shortgrass, Shrub, Gallery forest; grazing and burning regimes
Bondville Agricultural Farmland (AGRO) Corn, Soybeans, Fallow
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Field-BasedSampling Design
100 25m2 plots
80 in a nested spatial series
20 plots broadly distributed
Plot measurements
Vegetation cover
LAI, fPAR
Aboveground biomass
Aboveground productivity
Belowground productivity
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AGRO (29 July 99)
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0-1 2-3 4-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-13
LAI
Fra
ctio
n o
f O
bse
rvat
ion
s
Corn Soybeans
27 July 99
P vs. O r^2 = 0.72
LAI
98 % accurate(cross validation)
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3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
TM
1 R
efle
ctan
ce (
%)
Corn Soybeans
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
TM
2 R
efle
ctan
ce (
%)
Corn Soybeans
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
TM
3 R
efle
ctan
ce (
%)
Corn Soybeans
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
TM
4 R
efle
ctan
ce (
%)
Corn Soybeans
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
TM
5 R
efle
ctan
ce (
%)
Corn Soybeans
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
TM
7 R
efle
ctan
ce (
%)
Corn Soybeans
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
ND
VI
Corn Soybeans
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
Sp
ectr
al I
nd
ex
Corn Soybeans
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Combined Spectral Index
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
Observed LAI
Pre
dic
ted
LA
ICorn
Soybeans
Indiv idual Spectral Index, Inverse
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
Observed LAI
Pre
dic
ted
LA
I
Corn
Soybeans
Indiv idual NDVI, Inverse
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
Observed LAI
Pre
dic
ted
LA
I
Corn
Soybeans
Indiv idual Spectral Index
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
Observed LAI
Pre
dic
ted
LA
I
Corn
Soybeans
SoybeanTM1 0.867TM2 1.070TM3 0.240TM4 0.154TM5 -1.496TM7 0.399
CornTM1 -1.770TM2 0.268TM3 -0.480TM4 0.491TM5 1.633TM7 -0.703
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ETM+ band 3
ETM+ band 3
ET
M+
band 4
ET
M+
band 5
ET
M+
band 5
NOBS57 % accurate(cross validation)
Spectral Index
0
4
8
12
0 4 8 12
Predicted LAI
Obs
erv
ed
LA
I
ETM+ band 4r = 0.422
7
0
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2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
TM
1 R
efle
ctan
ce (
%)
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
TM
2 R
efle
ctan
ce (
%)
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
TM
3 R
efle
ctan
ce (
%)
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
TM
4 R
efle
ctan
ce (
%)
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
TM
5 R
efle
ctan
ce (
%)
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
TM
7 R
efle
ctan
ce (
%)
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
ND
VI
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
LAI
Sp
ectr
al In
dex
TM1 -0.086TM2 0.108TM3 -0.256TM4 -0.102TM5 -0.221TM7 1.466
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Vegetation Cover Component Characterization System (3CS):
• Quantitative measurements of cover proportions• Basic building blocks for variety of classification systems• Improved LAI mapping?
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Ground Cover - NormalizedPlot 2
45%
5%8%
11%
7%
16%
8% 0%
Moss
Lichen
Herb
Shrub
Litter
Tree Regen
CWD
Water
Ground Data - NormalizedPlot 4
1%
34%
19%
6%
11%
10%4%
15%
Moss
Lichen
Herb
Shrub
Litter
Tree Regen
CWD
Water
Plot 4 Canopy Cover
18%
3%
7%
72%
Conifer
Hardwood
Snag
Sky
Plot 2 Canopy Cover
52%
2%
3%
43%Conifer
Hardwood
Snag
Sky
sphagnum
feathermoss
n=48
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All Plots Moss Lichen Herb Shrub Litter Tree Dead Water Conifer Hardwood DeadMoss 1.000Lichen -0.041 1.000Herb -0.334 -0.197 1.000Shrub -0.296 -0.045 -0.031 1.000Litter 0.102 -0.016 -0.003 -0.049 1.000Tree Regen. -0.174 -0.144 -0.323 -0.275 -0.229 1.000Dead Wood -0.101 -0.135 -0.282 -0.176 -0.149 0.008 1.000Water -0.179 -0.118 0.048 -0.104 0.063 -0.119 0.115 1.000Confier Canopy 0.343 0.011 -0.238 -0.214 -0.108 0.117 0.144 -0.176 1.000Hardwood Canopy -0.043 0.019 0.117 -0.003 0.101 -0.050 -0.099 -0.057 -0.200 1.000Dead Canopy -0.055 -0.045 -0.011 -0.174 0.139 0.004 0.047 0.293 -0.163 -0.023 1.000
Plot 1Mean and Standard Deviation
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
1
cove
rMoss
Lichen
Herb
Shrub
Litter
Tree Regen
CWD
Water
Unknown
Conifer
Hardwood
Snag
Plot 3Mean and Standard Deviation
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
1
cove
r
Moss
Lichen
Herb
Shrub
Litter
Tree Regen
CWD
Water
Unknown
Conifer
Hardwood
Snag
Correlations
n=48
n=192
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Meeting Our Land Cover Mapping NeedsAGRO• corn (class--label fields in-situ)• soybean (class--label fields in-situ)• other (classes--label clusters in-situ & HD imagery)
HARV• hardwood/conifer (relative proportions--from HD imagery)• other (classes--label clusters in-situ & HD imagery)
KONZ• grass (short/tall combined class--labels from plots & HD imagery)• forest (one class--labels from plots & HD imagery)• shrub (percent--from HD imagery calibrated with camera observations, plots)• other (classes--label clusters in-situ & HD imagery)
HD (high definition) imagery: ADAR, IKONOS, AVIRIS mission photos, MQUALS
NOBS• conifer/hardwood/standing dead (relative proportions--from camera observations, HD imagery)• “ground” cover (relative proportions--from camera observations, moss classes from ocular estimate)• other (classes--label clusters in-situ, camera observations, & HD imagery)
“ground” cover classes: moss, lichen, herbaceous, shrub, fine litter, tree regeneration, coarse wood debris, water
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Leaf-off HARV
Capturing seasonalityWith ETM+ is important to both landcover and LAI mapping
Leaf-on
JulyApril September
HARV
KONZ
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
27-May-99 22-Jun-99 27-Jul-99 11-Sep-99
Sample Date
LA
ICorn No Till Corn Conventional Till
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0-1 2-3 4-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-13
LAI
Fra
ctio
n o
f O
bse
rvat
ion
s
Corn Soybeans
27-Jul-99
LAI0 - 1 1 - 2 2 - 3 3 - 4 4 - 5 5 - 6 6 - 7 7 - 8
Fra
ctio
n of
Obs
erva
tions
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
NO TILL CONV. TILL
Range of LAI for the 108 BigFoot Plots
LAI
0 - 1
1 - 2
2 - 3
3 - 4
4 - 5
5 - 6
6 - 7
7 - 8
Fra
ctio
n of
Obs
erva
tions
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
AVG. for 4 BOREAS tower plots = 4.2
27-Jul-99
Preliminary calculations
Preliminary calculations
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Regression
Kriged residualsKriging
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IGPB: Cropland
UMD: Cropland
Biome: Broadleaf Crops
Percent Tree Cover: 0
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MODLand/BigFoot Comparisons
Land cover (e.g.,…)• aspatial: compare frequency distribution of translated site-specific classes with same from MODLand• spatially explicit: summaries of site-specific cover proportions within MODLand- labeled cells
LAI/fPAR (e.g.,…)• mean 1 km cell values vs. MODLand values• distributions of fine-grained values within MODLand cells
NPP (e.g.,…)• integrated 1 km cell values vs. MODLand values• distributions of fine-grained values within MODLand cells• spatially degrade land cover and LAI, repeat modeling, redo above NPP comparisons• informationally degrade land cover, repeat modeling at fine grain, redo comparisons