a project on manjistha page
DESCRIPTION
contains information about manjistha plant and somme products market products whhich contaTRANSCRIPT
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Submitted by :
VIKRAM SINGH
VINOD Kr. SINGH
VISHWAJEET CHAURASIA
B.Pharm VI Semester
PROJECT ON PLANT MAJITH
(Rubia cordifolia)
Submitted to:
Mrs SHUBHINI A. SARAF
Director, Pharmacy
Under Supervision of:
Mrs MANAVI
Lecturer, Pharmacognosy
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INTRODUCTION
Rubia cordifolia, often known as Common Madder or Indian Madder, is a species of
flowering plant in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It has been cultivated for a red pigment
derived from roots.
Manjistha is considered to be one of the most valuable herbs in Ayurvedic medicine and has
been largely used by physicians since ancient times. Charaka has categorized it as varnya
(improving the complexion), jvarahara (febrifuge), visaghna (detoxifier) and purisa sangra
haniya (gives from to the feaces). Sushruta has mentioned it as pittasamsamana – pacifies
the pitta doshas. It is also a well known rasayana – a rejuvenative
The roots contain resinous and extractive matter, gum, sugar, coloring matter, - the salt of
the pigment being a red crystalline principle purpurine. The yellow glucoside manjistin and a
xanthine are also present, besides garancin and orange red alizarin. Anthroquinones
pentacyclic triterpenes, quinines, cyclic hexapeptides and diethylesters are also reported.
Other compounds isolated are xantho-purpurin, glucose, sucrose and ruberythric acid.
Alizarin, purpurin, purpurin carbohydrate, quinizarine and christofin isolated from roots.
Antitumor cyclic hexapeptides – RA-V and RA-VII – isolated from roots.
Common names of this plant include Manjistha in Sanskrit, Marathi, Kannada and Bengali,
Majith in Hindi and Gujarati, Tamaralli in Telugu, Manditti in Tamil.
DESCRIPTION
It can grow to 1.5 m in height. The evergreen leaves are 5–10 cm long and 2–3 cm
broad, produced in whorls of 4-7 starlike around the central stem. It climbs with tiny
hooks at the leaves and stems. The flowers are small (3–5 mm across), with five pale
yellow petals, in dense racemes, and appear from June to August, followed by small (4–
6 mm diameter) red to black berries. The roots can be over 1 m long, up to 12 mm thick.
It prefers loamy soils with a constant level of moisture. Madders are used as food plants
for the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Hummingbird hawk moth
The plant grows throughout India, in hilly districts upto 3500 meters height. It is a perennial,
herbaceous climber. The stems are often long, rough and grooved, with woody base. The
leaves often in whorls of four. They are 5-10 cm long, variable, cordate – ovate to cordate-
lanceolate, rough above and smooth beneath. The flowers, 0.3-2.5 cm long, blackish or
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greenish black, in terminal panicled glabrous cymes. The fruits are globose, fleshy, smooth,
purplish black when ripe and shining. The roots are 4-8 cm long, reddish, cylindrical,
flexuous, with a thin red bark.
PROPERTIES
Manjistha is bitter, astringent and sweet in taste, pungent in the post digestive effect and
has hot potency. It alleviates all the three doshas. It possesses dry and heavy (to digest
attributes. It is a potent blood purifier and anti diarrhoeal.
USES
Rubia cordifolia was an economically important source of a red pigment in many regions of
Asia, Europe and Africa. It was extensively cultivated from antiquity until the mid nineteenth
century. The plant's roots contain a organic compound called Alizarin, that gives its red
colour to a textile dye known as Rose madder
Figure 1 Alizarin
It was also used as a colourant , especially for paint, that is referred to as Madder lake. The
substance was also derived other species; Rubia tinctorum, also widely cultivated, and the
Asiatic species Rubia argyi (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) H. Hara ex Lauener (synonym = Rubia akane
Nakai[1]
, based on the Japanese Aka (アカ or あか) = red, and ne (ネ or ね) = root). The
invention of a synthesized duplicate, an anthracene compound called alizarin, greatly
reduced demand for the natural derivative.[2]
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The roots of Rubia cordifolia are also the source of a medicine used in Ayurveda, this is commonly
known in Ayurvedic Sanskrit as Manjistha (or Manjista or Manjishta) and the commercial product in
Hindi as Manjith
ABSTRACTS
1. Rubia cordifolia Linn. (Manjistha) – Controversial Identity
S.K. Mitra and R. Kannan, R&D Center, The Himalaya Drug Company,Bangalore-562123.
India.
Abstract
In indigenous systems of medicine, Rubia cordifolia Linn. is the accepted source for
Manjistha. A recent research found that market samples of R. cordifolia from south India
were derived from R. tinctorium. However, R. tinctorium is not a south Indian plant. A plant,
which is not found in south India, might not be a source of the adulterant. Polymorphism
and geographical variations were reported in R. cordifolia. We concluded that the south
Indian sources of R. cordifolia might be derived from a different subspecies or geographical
type or plants with different polymorphism and never be from R. tinctorium.
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2. Comparative Studies of Rubia cordifolia L. and its Commercial Samples
S. Pathania, R. Daman, S. Bhandari, B. Singh and Brij Lal*,Institute of Himalayan Bioresource
Technology (CSIR),Palampur-176 061(H.P.), India
Abstract
Rubia cordifolia L. (Family - Rubiaceae), is a common medicinal plant used in the
preparation of different formulations in Ayurveda. The root of the plant is commonly
known as Manjistha and its dried samples are sold in the market under the name
Manjith. The present study was carried out to compare the authentic sample from
its commercial samples keeping in mind the pharmacopoeial standards of Ayurveda.
The quantitative phytochemical studies of the drug samples were carried out by
studying the percentage of ash, extractive values and qualitative screening was
carried out by Thin Layer Chromatography and different biochemical tests. Thus, the
present work aims in forming certain parameters for identification of drug with the
help of various phytochemical observations.
3. Modulatory role of alizarin from Rubia cordifolia L. against genotoxicity
of mutagens
Prabhjit Kaur, Madhu Chandel, Subodh Kumar, Neeraj Kumar, Bikram Singh, Satwinderjeet
Kaur,Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar,
Punjab 143005, India.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial
Biological Research Association.
Abstract
Rubia cordifolia L. (Rubiaceae) is an important medicinal plant used in the Ayurvedic
medicinal system. Its use as a traditional therapeutic has been related to the treatment of
skin disorders and cancer. Besides its medicinal value, anthraquinones from this plant are
used as natural food colourants and as natural hair dyes. Dyes derived from natural sources
have emerged as important alternatives to synthetic dyes. Alizarin (1,2-
dihydroxyanthraquinone) was isolated and characterized from R. cordifolia L. and evaluated
for its antigenotoxic potential against a battery of mutagens viz. 4-nitro-o-
phenylenediamine (NPD) and 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) in Ames assay using TA98 tester strain
of Salmonella typhimurium; hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide
(4NQO) in SOS chromotest using PQ37 strain of Escherichia coli and in Comet assay using
human blood lymphocytes. Our results showed that alizarin possessed significant
modulatory role against the genotoxicity of mutagen
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4. Potent antitumor activity of Rubia cordifolia
Parag R. Patel1*, Bhuvan P. Raval2, Hamsraj A. Karanth1, Vishal R. Patel3
International Journal of Phytomedicine
Abstract
Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death. Rubia cordifolia is a traditional ayurvedic
medicine being used as a remedy for various ailments.
Results: Dichloromethane fraction of Rubia cordifolia extract exhibited potent inhibition of
human leukaemia cell line and human histolytic lymphoma cell line while was found to be
lesser active against normal human kidney cells displaying safety for normal cells.
Conclusion: Rubia cordifolia can be a source of potent pharmacophore for treatment of
disease like cancer.
5. A Comprehensive Review of Rubia cordifolia Linn.
Nilambari Deshkar *, Shrikant Tilloo, Vipinchandra Pande
Gurunanak College of Pharmacy, Khasra No.81/1, Mauza Nari, Behind C.P. Foundry, Near
Dixit Nagar, Kamptee
Road, Nagpur 440026 Maharashtra
, Pharmacognosy Reviews
Vol 2, Issue 3, Jan-Jun, 2008
Abstract
Rubia cordifolia Linn. (manjishtha) is popularly known as ‘Indian Madder’. Roots are
traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, astringent, tonic, antiseptic, deobstruent,
antidysenteric, blood purifier. It is an important ingredient of many ayurvedic preparations.
The roots are natural red dye and are very effective in purifying blood. Various chemical
constituents like anthraquinones, iridoid glycoside, naphthoic acid esters, bicyclic
hexapeptides, and triterpenes have been isolated and identified from Rubia cordifolia Linn.
The present review article is focused on phytochemical, pharmacological and other
important aspects of manjishtha
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MARKETED PREPERATIONS
Vicco Herbal Tooth Paste is used in hardening of gums and teeth , cleansing and healing of wounds ,
tooth caries and inflammation of gums . It is also used on toothache and in the treatment of
disorders of gums and teeth
Kamadhenu , ABlood purifier
Anti-Stress Massage Oil relieves stress
and fatigue, relaxes the body.
Improves skin texture and keeps it
healthy.
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Saryadyasava is a Blood Purifier
Name of the Product: Ayurvita Manjistha tablets
Description:
Manjistha roots are beneficial in skin conditions. They show anti-inflammatory, anodyne,
antiseptic and diuretic effect. It is a potent blood purifier. It is also known to be useful in the
conditions of obstruction of lymph channels
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Ubton provides a natural radiant glow
Herbal soothing body lotion (for dry skin)
An antibacterial, anti-inflammatory , which maintains a good complexion.
Rishi Stress Relief Cooling Oil helps relieve stress and also rejuvenates the
skin.
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Rumalaya tablet possesses analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. By regulating the
mediators of inflammation, Rumalaya tablet exerts a significant anti-inflammatory activity.
. Nefrotec Disintegrates urinary calculi and prevents recurrence
Inhibits precipitation of calcium biphosphate and oxalate crystals and prevents super-saturation of
urine
Phal grihtam is indicated in Vaginal diseases , uterine diseases , stimulates the
generative function in women and man, (useful in infertility), pregnancy and other after delivery
complications.
Antagonizes the effect of inflammatory mediators
Checks inflammatory process
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formulation for extra dry skin
This oil is good for joints and swelling. It help relieve arthritis, gout,
rheumatic diseases, inflammation, and heat. It is an excellent oil for Pitta doshas
REFERENCES
• www.himalayahealthcare.com
• www.herbalcureindia.com
• Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology(CSIR)
• en.wikipedia.org
• www.phcogrev.com
• www.vedantikaherbals.com
• www.ayurvitaindia.com
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• www.healthbyayurveda.in
• International Journal of Phytomedicine
• www.britannica.com
• www.arjournals.org
• www.iitk.ac.in
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
• www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline