A

PROJECT REPORT

ON

“Consumer Preference Towards

Social Networking Apps in Bareilly”

Submitted For the Partial Fulfillment of the Degree OF Bachelor of

Business Administration

TO

INVERTIS UNIVERSITY, BAREILLY (UP)

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Ms. Shalini Anand Vibhor Agarwal

Assistant professor BBA 5TH B

Roll no. 1310101156

2

Certificate

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Mr. Vibhor Agarwal student of BBA-V Sem. in our institute has

successfully completed his project work entitled “CONSUMER PREFERENCE

TOWARDS SOCIAL NETWORKING APPS IN BAREILLY” for the partial fulfillment

of the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration for the session 2014-15.

Dr. Rachna Saxena Ms. Shalini Anand

(HOD, BBA &BCOM Programme ) Assistant Professor

(Project Guide)

3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am neither a research expert nor a trend spotter. I am a management student with

foundations of management principles and theories, who is curious about various sectors and

its latest happenings.

I am highly obliged to Mr. Shalini Anand for her invaluable support; guidance and

knowledge that he shared with me thereby aiding me in making this project a successful

research.

Definitely, I can’t ignore the technology, with internet as the backbone and those search

engines which helped me in building up this research project.

Lastly, I would like to thank the ALMIGHTY and my parents for their moral and financial

support and my colleagues with whom I shared my day-to-day experience and received lots

off suggestions that improved my work quality.

Vibhor Agarwal

BBA 5TH SEM

4

PREFACE

As an essential and obligatory part of my course i undertook a research project on

“ Consumer preference towards social networking apps in bareilly”

The research has helped me to get a practical knowledge about to ananlyse environment

stimulus, changes, and current requirements as an important suffix to the theortical

knowledge into the business environment.

One cannot merely depend on the theortical knowledge,classroom lectures make the

fundamental concepts but the research facilities the help in learning of the practical situation.

It is in the sense that the research has significant role to play in the subject of business

management. To develop healthy managerial and administrative skills in potenial knowledge

of real environment.

Vibhor Agarwal

BBA 5TH SEM

5

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No. CONTENT PG No.

1. OBJECTIVES 6

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7-8

3. INTRODUCTION 9-14

4. HISTORY 15-30

5. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 31-33

5. DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS 34-44

6. FINDINGS 45

7. SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 46

8. CONCLUSION 47

9. LIMITATIONS 48

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY 49

11. QUESTIONNAIRE 50-51

6

OBJECTIVES

1. To study the increased usage of social networking apps.

2. The effects of social networking apps on users.

3. Preference of apps among users.

7

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Definition of Research

Research is a process in which the researcher wishes to find out the end result for a given

problem and thus the solution helps in future course of action.

The research has been defined as “A careful investigation or enquiry especially through

search for new fact in any branch of knowledge”.

Research Methodology

The procedure using, which researchers go about their work of describing, explaining and

predicting phenomena, is called Methodology. Methods compromise the procedures used for

generating, collecting, and evaluating data. Methods are the ways of obtaining information

useful for assessing explanation.

Research Design

Research design is the specification of the method and procedure for acquiring the

information needed to solve the problem.

Degree of Research Question

Exploratory study is done for the study of consumer buying behavior.

Research Instrument

Questionnaire is the research instrument used here.

8

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

The data has been collected in two ways.

1. PRIMARY DATA

Primary data are those, which are collected for the first time, and they are original in

character. A suitable combination of Questionnaire techniques, &discussion with the

respondents was used to collect the required primary data. Primary data gives higher accuracy

and facts, which is very helpful for any research and its findings.The researcher has collected

primary data from questionnaire (i.e.) personal interview.

2. SECONDARY DATA

The secondary data are those, which are already collected by someone for some purpose and

are available for the present study. Secondary data was collected from the magazines,

websites, and other such sources.

SAMPLING PLAN

Sample Size : 70

Sampling Unit : Customers

Sample Procedure : Simple Random Sampling

Sampling Method : Questionnaire

Type of Data : Primary

Survey Area : Bareilly

9

INTRODUCTION

Social Networking Apps is social networking where individuals with similar interests

converse and connect with one another through their mobile phone or tablet. Much like web-

based social networking, mobile social networking occurs in virtual Communities.

A current trend for social networking websites, such as Facebook is to create mobile apps to

give their users instant and real-time access from their device. In turn, native social

networking apps have been created like Whatsapp, Instagram etc and communities which are

built around mobile functionality.

More and more, the line between mobile and web is being blurred as mobile apps use existing

social networks to create native communities and promote discovery, and web-based social

networks take advantage of mobile features and accessibility.

10

Introduction

Social media are computer-mediated tools that allow people to create, share or exchange

information, career interests, ideas, and pictures/videos in virtual communities and networks.

Social media is defined as "a group of Internet-based applications that build on the

ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0 and that allow the creation and

exchange of user-generated content.

“Furthermore, social media depends on mobile and web-based technologies to create highly

interactive platforms through which individuals and communities share, co-create, discuss,

and modify user-generated content. They introduce substantial and pervasive changes to

communication between businesses, organizations, communities, and individuals. These

changes are the focus of the emerging field of techno self studies. Social media differ from

traditional or industrial media in many ways, including quality, reach, frequency, usability,

immediacy and permanence. Social media operates in a dialogic transmission system, (many

sources to many receivers). This is in contrast to traditional media that operates under a

monologist transmission model (one source to many receivers).

Social media has been broadly defined to refer to the many relatively inexpensive and

widely accessible electronic tools that enable anyone to publish and access information,

collaborate on a common effort, or build relationship.

11

WHAT IS MOBILE APPLICATION?

Mobile applications (apps) have been gaining rising popularity due to the advances in mobile

technologies and the large increase in the number of mobile users. Consequently, several app

distribution platforms, which provide a new way for developing, downloading, and updating

software applications in modern mobile devices, have recently emerged.

A mobile application is a software application designed to run on Smartphone, tablet

computers and other mobile devices. They are usually available through application

distribution platforms, which are typically operated by the owner of the mobile operating

system, such as the Apple App Store, Google Play, Windows Phone Store, and BlackBerry

App World.

Some apps are free, while others must be bought by usually, they are downloaded from the

platform to a target device, such as an iPhone, BlackBerry, Android phone or Windows

Phone

12

Different Social Networking Apps

1. WhatsApp:

WhatsApp Messenger is a proprietary cross-platform instant

messaging client for Smartphone that operates under a subscription business

model. It uses the Internet to send text messages, images, video, user

location and audio media messages to other users using

standard cellular mobile numbers.

As of September 2015, WhatsApp had a user base of up to 900 million, making it the most

globally popular messaging application.

WhatsApp Inc., based in Mountain View, California, was acquired by Facebook Inc. on

February 19, 2014, for approximately US$16 billion.

2. Facebook:

Facebook Messenger is an instant messaging service and software application

which provides text and voice communication. Integrated with Facebook’s

web-based Chat feature and built on the open MQTT protocol, Messenger lets

Facebook users chat with friends both on mobile and on the main website.

Facebook reported in March 2015 that Facebook Messenger has reached 600

million users. David A. Marcusheads Facebook Messenger and had joined Facebook on

invitation of Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook.

3. Twitter:

Twitter is an online social networking and micro-blogging service that

enables users to send and read "tweets", which are text messages limited to

140 characters. Registered users can read and post tweets but unregistered

users can only read them. Users access Twitter through the website interface,

SMS, or mobile device app. Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco and has offices in

New York City, Boston, and San Antonio.

:

13

4. Skype:

Skype is an application that specializes in providing video chat and voice

calls. Users can also exchange text and video messages, files and images, as

well as create conference calls. Skype is available on Microsoft

Windows, Mac, or Linux, as well as Android, Blackberry, IOS, and Windows

Phone Smartphone and Tablets.

5. LinkedIn:

LinkedIn is a business-oriented social networking service. Founded in

December 2002 and launched on May 5, 2003, it is mainly used for professional networking.

As of 2015, most of the site's revenue comes from selling access to information about its

users to recruiters.

In 2006, LinkedIn increased to 20 million members. As of October 2015, LinkedIn reports

more than 400 million acquired users in more than 200 countries and territories.

6. Instagram:

Instagram is an online mobile photo-sharing, video-sharing and social

networking service that enables its users to take pictures and videos, and share them on a

variety of social networking platforms.

Instagram was created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, and launched in October 2010

as a free mobile app.

14

7. Google Plus:

Google+ (pronounced and sometimes written as Google Plus) is an interest-

based social network that is owned and operated by Google Inc.

The service, Google's fourth foray into social networking, experienced strong growth in its

initial years, although usage statistics have varied, depending on how the service is defined.

Three Google executives have overseen the product, which has undergone substantial

changes leading to a redesign in November 2015.

8. Hike Messenger:

Hike Messenger (stylized as hike messenger) is a cross-platform instant

messaging service for Smartphone that uses the internet for communication. In addition to

text messaging, users can send each other graphical stickers, emoticons, images, videos,

audios, files, voice messages, contacts and user location.

Hike was launched on 12 December 2012 and raised its first round of funding of $7 million

from Bharti SoftBank in April 2013. Hike is a joint venture between Bharti Enterprises

and Softbank.

15

HISTORY

The evolution of social networking on mobile networks started in 1999 with basic chatting and

texting services. With the introduction of various technologies in mobile networks, social

networking has reached to an advance level over four generations.

First Generation

First generation began in 1999 or early 2000. Technologies used in this generation are

application based, pre-installed on mobile handsets. Features such as text only chat via chat

rooms. People involved who used these services are anonymous. The services of this

generation mobile social networks can be used by pay as you go or subscription to service.

Second Generation

Second generation began in 2004 through 2006. Introduction of 3G and camera phones added

many features such as uploading photos, mobile search for person based on profile, contact /

flirt with person anonymously etc. Regional distributions of these features include Japan,

Korea, Australia, Western Europe and US. The applications are mostly useful for dating

purpose. The services of this generation mobile social networks can be used by pay as you go

or subscription to service.

Third Generation

The experiments for this generation mobile social networks started in 2006. It was adopted

widely in 2008/2009. This generation brought tremendous changes and made mobile social

networks as a part of daily life. The features include richer user experience, automatic

publishing to web profile and status updates, some web 2.0 features, search by group / join by

interests, alerts, location based services content sharing especially music etc. Technologies

for WAP 2.0, Java on the server, MMS, voice capture etc. Applications introduced were

customized with general interests such as music, mobile specific content distribution.

Regional distributions of this generation of mobile social networks include Japan, Korea,

Western Europe, and North America. Advertising and ad supported content become

increasingly important. The services in this generation can be used by plans such as pay as

you go; subscription based still popular networks gain scale to become content distribution

platform.

16

Fourth Generation

Fourth generation began in 2008 and reached in 2010.All the features in third generation are

advanced in this generation of social mobile networks. The features of this generation include

the features of third generation, ability to hide/ mask presence, asynchronous video

conversation, multi point audio chat conversation with one button, multiplayer mobile

gaming etc. Technologies which made these features possible are web 2.0 widgets, Flash lite,

open social, open handset alliance. The business model of previous generation continued

along with virtual currency –purchase and trade of virtual goods.

17

History of different Social Networking Apps

1. WhatsApp

History

WhatsApp Inc. was founded in 2009 by Brian Acton and Jan Koum, both former employees

of Yahoo! After Koum and Acton left Yahoo! in September 2007, the duo travelled to South

America as a break from work. At one point they applied for a job at Facebook but were

rejected. For the rest of the following years Koum relied on his $400,000 savings from

Yahoo!. In January 2009, after purchasing an iPhone and realizing that the seven-month-

old App Store was about to spawn a whole new industry of apps, he started visiting his

friend, Alex Fishman in West San Jose where the three would discuss "...having statuses next

to individual names of the people," but this was not possible without an iPhone developer, so

Fishman introduced Koum to Igor Solomennikov, a developer in Russia that he had found on

RentACoder.com. Koum almost immediately chose the name "WhatsApp" because it

sounded like "what's up", and a week later on his birthday, on February 24, 2009, he

incorporated WhatsApp Inc. in California. However, early WhatsApp kept crashing or getting

stuck and at a particular point, Koum felt like giving up and looking for a new job, upon

which Acton encouraged him to wait for a "few more months".

In June 2009, Apple launched push notifications, letting developers ping users when they

were not using an app. Koum updated WhatsApp so that each time the user changed their

statuses, it would ping everyone in the user's network. WhatsApp 2.0 was released with a

messaging component and the active users suddenly swelled to 250,000. Koum visited Acton,

who was still unemployed while managing another unsuccessful startup and decided to join

the company. In October Acton persuaded five ex-Yahoo! friends to invest $250,000 in seed

funding, and as a result was granted co-founder status and a stake. He officially joined on

November 1.After months at beta stage, the application eventually launched in November

2009 exclusively on the App Store for the iPhone. Koum then hired an old friend who lived

in Los Angeles, Chris Peiffer, to make the BlackBerry version, which arrived two months

later.

18

WhatsApp was switched from a free to paid service to avoid growing too fast, mainly

because the primary cost was sending verification texts to users. In December 2009

WhatsApp for the iPhone was updated to send photos. By early 2011, WhatsApp was in the

top 20 of all apps in Apple's U.S. App Store.

In April 2011, the founders agreed to take $7 million from Sequoia Capital on top of their

$250,000 seed funding, after months of negotiation with Sequoia partner Jim Goetz

.According to Goetz, the venture capital firm originally discovered WhatsApp through an

App store tracking system they developed called 'early bird', at a time when the app was

much more popular in other countries than in the US. However, it took months for the VC

firm to track down Koum and Acton, given that the company didn't have a publicly available

address nor signage at the time. All Goetz knew was that they were located in Mountain

View, and Sequoia partners "literally walked the streets of Mountain View to see if [they]

could intersect with [Koum and Acton]."

By February 2013, WhatsApp's user base had swollen to about 200 million active users and

its staff to 50. Sequoia invested another $50 million, valuing WhatsApp at $1.5 billion.

In a December 2013 blog post, WhatsApp claimed that 400 million active users use the

service each month. As of April 22, 2014, WhatsApp had over 500 million monthly active

users, 700 million photos and 100 million videos are shared each day, and the messaging

system handles more than 10 billion messages each day.On August 24, 2014, Koum

announced on his Twitter account that WhatsApp had over 600 million active users

worldwide. WhatsApp added about 25 million new users every month or 833,000 active users

per day. With 65 million active users, about 10% of the total worldwide users, India is the

largest single country in terms of number of users.

In January 2015, WhatsApp was the most globally popular messaging app with more than

600 million active users. In April 2015, WhatsApp reached 800 million active users .By

September 2015; the user base had grown up to 900 million.

19

2. Facebook

History

Facemash, the Facebook’s predecessor, opened on October 28, 2003 Initially, the website

was invented by a Harvard student, Mark Zuckerberg, and three of his classmates – Andrew

McCollum, Chris Hughes and Dustin Moskovitz. Zuckerberg wrote the software for the

Facemash website when he was in his second year of college. The website was set up as a

type of “hot or not” game for Harvard students. The website allowed visitors to compare two

student pictures side-by-side and let them choose who was “hot” and who was “not”.....

According to The Harvard Crimson, Facemash "used photos compiled from the online

facebooks of nine Houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose

the 'hotter' person". To accomplish this, Mark Zuckerberg hacked the "facebooks" Harvard

maintained to help students identify each other and used the images to populate his Facemash

website. That the initial site mirrored people’s physical community with their real identities

represented the key aspects of what later became Facebook.

"Perhaps Harvard will squelch it for legal reasons without realizing its value as a venture that

could possibly be expanded to other schools (maybe even ones with good-looking people...),"

Zuckerberg wrote in his personal blog. "But one thing is certain, and it’s that I’m a jerk for

making this site. Oh well. Someone had to do it eventually... The site was quickly forwarded

to several campus group list-servers. However, the website was shut down by Harvard

executives a few days after it opened. Mark Zuckerberg faced charges of violating

copyrights, breach of security, and violating individual privacy for stealing the student

pictures that he used to populate the website. He later faced expulsion from Harvard

University for his actions. However, all the charges were eventually dropped.

Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead

of an art history final. He uploaded 500 Augustan images to a website, with one image per

page along with a comment section. He opened the site up to his classmates and people

started sharing their notes. "The professor said it had the best grades of any final he’d ever

given. This was my first social hack. With Facebook, I wanted to make something that would

make Harvard more open," Zuckerberg said in a TechCrunch Interview.

On October 25, 2010, entrepreneur and banker Rahul Jain auctioned off FaceMash.com to an

unknown buyer for $30,201

20

On October 1, 2005, Facebook expanded to twenty-one universities in the United Kingdom

and others around the world. Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005,

which Zuckerberg called the next logical step.At that time, high school networks required an

invitation to join. Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several

companies, including Apple Inc. and Microsoft. On December 11, 2005, universities in

Australia and New Zealand were added to the Facebook network, bringing its size to 2,000+

colleges and 25,000 + high schools throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, the United

Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland. Facebook was then opened on September 26,

2006 to everyone aged 13 and older with a valid e-mail address.

Late in 2007, Facebook had 100,000 business pages, allowing companies to attract potential

customers and tell about themselves. These started as group pages, but a new concept called

company pages was planned.

In October 2008, Facebook announced that it would set up its international headquarters

in Dublin, Ireland.

In 2010, Facebook began to invite users to become beta testers after passing a question-and-

answer-based selection process, and a set of Facebook Engineering Puzzles where users

would solve computational problems which gave them an opportunity to be hired by

Facebook.

As of February 2011, Facebook had become the largest online photo host, being cited by

Facebook application and online photo aggregator Pixable as expecting to have 100 billion

photos by summer 2011.As of October 2011, over 350 million users accessed Facebook

through their mobile phones, accounting for 33% of all Facebook traffic.

On March 12, 2012, Yahoo! filed suit in a U.S. federal court against Facebook weeks before

the scheduled Facebook initial public offering. In its court filing, Yahoo said that Facebook

had infringed on ten of its patents covering advertising, privacy controls and social

networking. Yahoo had threatened to sue Facebook a month before the filing, insisting that

the social network license its patents. A spokesperson for Facebook issued a statement saying

"We're disappointed that Yahoo, a longtime business partner of Facebook and a company that

has substantially benefited from its association with Facebook, has decided to resort to

litigation". The lawsuit claims that Yahoo's patents cover basic social networking ideas such

as customizing website users' experiences to their needs, adding that the patents cover ways

of targeting ads to individual users.

In 2012, Facebook App Center, an online mobile store, was rolled out. The store initially had

500 Facebook apps which were mostly games

On April 24, 2014, Facebook and Storyful announced a new feature called FB Newswire.

21

3. Instagram

History

Instagram began development in San Francisco, United States, when Systrom and Brazilian

Krieger chose to focus their multi-featured HTML5check-in project, Burbn, on mobile

photography. The name "Instagram" is a portmanteau of "instant camera" and "telegram".

In January 2011, Instagram added hashtags to help users discover both photographs and each

other. Instagram encourages users to make tags both specific and relevant, rather than tagging

generic words like "photo", to make photographs stand out and to attract like-minded

Instagram users. In September, version 2.0 went live in the App Store (iOS) and included

new and live filters, instant tilt–shift, high resolution photographs, optional borders, one click

rotation, and an updated icon.

On April 3, 2012, Instagram was released for Android phones running the 2.2 Froyo version

of the OS, and it was downloaded more than one million times in less than one day. That

same week, Instagram raised US$50 million from venture capitalists for a share of the

company; the process valued Instagram at US$500 million. Over the next three months,

Instagram was rated more than one million times on Google Play and was the fifth app to

ever reach one million ratings on Google Play—as of April 2013; it had been rated nearly

four million times.

Facebook made an offer to purchase Instagram, along with its 13 employees, for

approximately US$1 billion in cash and stock in April 2012, with a plan to keep the company

independently managed. Britain's Office of Fair Trading approved the deal on August 14,

2012, and on August 22, 2012, the Federal Trade Commission in the U.S. closed its

investigation, allowing the deal to proceed. On September 6, 2012, the deal between

Instagram and Facebook was officially closed.

On April 12, 2012, Facebook acquired Instagram for approximately US$1 billion in cash and

stock. The deal, which was made just prior to Facebook's scheduled IPO, cost about a quarter

of Facebook's cash-on-hand, according to figures documented at the end of 2011. The deal

was for a company characterized as having "lots of buzz but no business model", and the

price was contrasted with the US$35 million Yahoo! paid for Flickr in 2005, a website that

has since become among the 50 most popular in the world.

22

Mark Zuckerberg noted that Facebook was "committed to building and growing Instagram

independently", in contrast to its past practice. According to multiple reports, the deal netted

Systrom US$400 million based on his ownership stake in the business. The exact purchase

price was US$300 million in cash and 23 million shares of stock.

On December 17, 2012, Instagram updated its Terms of Service, granting itself the right—

starting on January 16, 2013—to sell users' photos to third parties without notification or

compensation. The criticism from privacy advocates, consumers, the National Geographic

Society, and celebrities like Kim Kardashian prompted Instagram to issue a statement

retracting the controversial terms; regardless, the issue resulted in the loss of a portion of

Instagram's user-base, as former users switched to other photo-sharing services, which

reported an increase in usage.

On March 11, 2014, Instagram released an updated Android app with performance

improvements and a flatter interface. The update was primarily intended to reduce the app's

file size and resource usage, and it was optimized for and tested on low-end smartphones sold

in emerging markets, such as the Samsung Galaxy Y, which was popular in Brazil the time.

The company's Global Head of Business and Brand Development—a new position for

Instagram—was announced in mid-August 2014. Facebook's former Regional Director James

Quarles was assigned the role, which manages Instagram’s revenue strategy, in addition to

both the marketing and sales teams. Quarles will report directly to Systrom during a tenure in

which he will develop new “monetization products”, as explained by a company

representative to the media.

Since the app's launch it had used the Foursquare API to provide named location tagging. In

early 2014, after being purchased by Facebook, the company was switched to using Facebook

Places.

On October 22, 2015, Instagram launched Boomerang, an app where you shoot a one-second

burst of five photos that are turned into a silent video that plays forwards and then reverses in

a loop.

23

4. Google +

History

Creation

Google+ is the company's fourth foray into social networking, following Google

Buzz (launched 2010, retired in 2011), Google Friend Connect(launched 2008, retired by

March 1, 2012), and Orkut (launched in 2004, as of 2013 operated entirely by subsidiary

Google Brazil – retired in September 2014).

Google+ launched in June 2011. Features included the ability to post photos and status

updates to the stream or interest based communities, group different types of relationships

(rather than simply "friends") into Circles, a multi-person instant messaging, text and video

chat called Hangouts, events, location tagging, and the ability to edit and upload photos to

private cloud-based albums.

24

5. Twitter

History

Creation and initial reaction

Twitter's origins lie in a "daylong brainstorming session" held by board members of

the podcasting company Odeo. Jack Dorsey, then an undergraduate student at New York

University, introduced the idea of an individual using an SMS service to communicate with a

small group. The original project code name for the service was twttr, an idea that Williams

later ascribed to Noah Glass inspired by Flickr and the five-character length of American

SMS short codes. The decision was also partly due to the fact that domain twitter.com was

already in use, and it was six months after the launch of twttr that the crew purchased the

domain and changed the name of the service to Twitter. The developers initially considered

"10958" as a short code, but later changed it to "40404" for "ease of use and memorability".

Work on the project started on March 21, 2006, when Dorsey published the first Twitter

message at 9:50 PM Pacific Standard Time (PST): "just setting up my twttr". Dorsey has

explained the origin of the "Twitter" title:

...we came across the word 'twitter', and it was just perfect. The definition was 'a short burst

of inconsequential information,' and 'chirps from birds'. And that's exactly what the product

was.

The first Twitter prototype, developed by Dorsey and contractor Florian Weber, was used as

an internal service for Odeo employees and the full version was introduced publicly on July

15, 2006.

In October 2006, Biz Stone, Evan Williams, Dorsey, and other members of Odeo, formed

Obvious Corporation and acquired Odeo, together with its assets—including Odeo.com and

Twitter.com—from the investors and shareholders. Williams fired Glass, who was silent

about his part in Twitter's startup until 2011.Twitter spun off into its own company in April

2007. Williams provided insight into the ambiguity that defined this early period in a 2013

interview:

With Twitter, it wasn't clear what it was. They called it a social network, they called it

microblogging, but it was hard to define, because it didn't replace anything. There was this

path of discovery with something like that, where over time you figure out what it is. Twitter

actually changed from what we thought it was in the beginning, which we described as status

updates and a social utility. It is that, in part, but the insight we eventually came to was

Twitter was really more of an information network than it is a social network.

The tipping point for Twitter's popularity was the 2007 South by Southwest

Interactive (SXSWi) conference. During the event, Twitter usage increased from

25

20,000 tweets per day to 60,000. "The Twitter people cleverly placed two 60-inch plasma

screens in the conference hallways, exclusively streaming Twitter messages,"

remarked Newsweek's Steven Levy. "Hundreds of conference-goers kept tabs on each other

via constant twitters. Panelists and speakers mentioned the service, and the bloggers in

attendance touted it."

Reaction at the conference was highly positive. Blogger Scott Beale said that Twitter was

"absolutely ruling" SXSWi. Social software researcher danah boyd said Twitter was

"owning" the conference. Twitter staff received the festival's Web Award prize with the

remark "we'd like to thank you in 140 characters or less. And we just did!"

The first unassisted off-Earth Twitter message was posted from the International Space

Station by NASA astronaut T. J. Creamer on January 22, 2010. By late November 2010,

averages of a dozen updates per day were posted on the astronauts' communal account,

@NASA Astronauts. NASA has also hosted over 25 "tweetups", events that provide guests

with VIP access to NASA facilities and speakers with the goal of leveraging participants'

social networks to further the outreach goals of NASA.

In August 2010, the company appointed Adam Bain from News Corp's Fox Audience

Network as president of revenue.

26

6. Skype

History

Skype was founded in 2003 by Niklas Zennström, from Sweden, and Janus Friis, from

Denmark. The Skype software was created by Estonians Ahti Heinla, Priit Kasesalu, and Jaan

Tallinn the first public beta version was released on 29 August 2003.

In June 2005, Skype entered into an agreement with the Polish web portal Onet.pl. On 12

September 2005, eBay Inc. agreed to acquire Luxembourg-based Skype Technologies SA for

approximately US$2.5 billion in up-front cash and eBay stock, plus potential performance-

based consideration.

On 1 September 2009, it was announced that eBay was selling 65% of Skype to Silver Lake,

Andreessen Horowitz, and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board for US$1.9 billion,

valuing Skype at US$2.75 billion.

Microsoft acquisition

On 10 May 2011, Microsoft Corporation acquired Skype Communication, for US$8.5

billion. The company was incorporated as a division of Microsoft, and Microsoft acquired all

of the company's technologies with the purchase. This was completed on 13 October 2011.

Shortly after its acquisition, Microsoft began integrating the Skype service with its own

products:

Along with taking over development of existing Skype desktop programs and mobile

apps, the company developed a dedicated client app, called Skype for Modern Windows,

for its newly released, touch-focused Windows 8 and Windows RT operating systems.

This app became downloadable from the Windows Store when the new OS launched on

October 26, 2012. The following year, Skype for Modern Windows became the default

messaging app for Windows 8.1, replacing the Windows 8 Messaging app at the time,

and became pre-installed software on every device that came with or upgraded to 8.1.

When the company introduced Office 2013 on February 27, 2013, it was announced that

60 Skype world minutes per month would be included in Office 365consumer plans

(Home and Personal, and University).

In a month-long transition period from April 8 to 30, 2013, it phased out its long-

standing Windows Live Messenger instant messaging service in favour of Skype,

although Messenger continued in mainland China.

27

7. Hike

History

Launched on 12 December 2012, Hike attained 15 million users in February 2014 and raised

$14 million for its development. Over the next few months, the application introduced free

text messaging anywhere in India, chat themes, updated stickers, hidden chats and revamped

user interface. In August 2014, Hike hit 35 million users and raised another big round of

funding - $65 million - led by Tiger Global.

Hike Messenger made its first acquisition, buying free voice-calling company Zip Phones,

which allowed it to launch free app based calling services that are emerging as a key draw for

users

In 2015, Hike launched the "Great Indian Sticker Challenge" to invite designers to design

new stickers. As per the communication statistics on Hike, 30% of the traffic comes from

stickers.

On Oct 2015, the CEO of hike announced that the userbase of hike reached up to 70 million

and more than 20 billion messages are shared each month.

Feature

Apart from basic social messaging means like photos, videos and audio files, Hike allows

users to "nudge", a feature used to ping the receiver. In addition to that, the application

supports chat themes, graphical stickers, PDF files and Office Files. It also allows users to

hide individual and group chats providing extended privacy. The messenger now provides

free voice-calling over 2G, 3G and Wi-Fi across the globe in over 200 countries.

In January 2015, hike introduced a voice calling feature for their users.

During the ICC Cricket World Cup 2015, Hike partnered with CricBuzz to keep their

Android users updated about the world cup scores.

In Sep 2015, hike launched free group calls with up to 100 people in a conference call.

Hike Direct, a feature that allow users to share messages and files without any kind of data

charges within a radius of 100 metres through Wi-Fi Direct, was made available on Oct 2015

28

Privacy

Hike uses a 128-bit SSL encrypted, firewalled server for the exchange of media and text

messages only on wifi. Messages are stored locally in the user's device and the data is not

backed-up to Hike's server. Hike is also accused of spamming contacts of the Hike users by

sending unsolicited SMSes purporting to be from the Hike user to the non-users in their

contacts, thereby validating the fact that they back-up the contact numbers without explicit

permission from the non-users.

29

8. LinkedIn

History

Founding to 2010

The company was founded by Reid Hoffman and founding team members from PayPal and

Socialnet.com (Allen Blue, Eric Ly, Jean-Luc Vaillant, Lee Hower, Konstantin Guericke,

Stephen Beitzel, David Eves, Ian McNish, Yan Pujante). In late 2003, Sequoia Capital led the

Series A investment in the company. In June 2008, Sequoia Capital, Greylock Partners, and

other venture capital firms purchased a 5% stake in the company for $53 million, giving the

company a post-money valuation of approximately $1 billion.

In 2010, LinkedIn opened an International Headquarters in Dublin, Ireland, received a $20

million investment from Tiger Global Management LLC at a valuation of approximately

$2 billion,[and announced its first acquisition, Mspoke, and improved its 1% premium

subscription ratio. In October of that year Silicon Valley Insider ranked the company No. 10

on its Top 100 List of most valuable start ups. By December, the company was valued at

$1.575 billion in private markets.

2011 to present

LinkedIn filed for an initial public offering in January 2011. The company traded its first

shares on May 19, 2011, under the NYSE symbol "LNKD", at $45 per share. Shares of

LinkedIn rose as much as 171 percent in their first day of trade on the New York Stock

Exchange and closed at $94.25, more than 109 percent above IPO price. Shortly after the

IPO, the site's underlying infrastructure was revised to allow accelerated revision-release

cycles.

In 2011, LinkedIn earned $154.6 million in advertising revenue alone, surpassing Twitter,

which earned $139.5 million. LinkedIn’s fourth-quarter 2011 earnings soared due to the

company's increase in success in the social media world.

In spring 2012, LinkedIn leased 57,120 square feet on three floors of the One Montgomery

Tower building in the Financial District of San Francisco, which was expanded to 135,000

square feet by 2014.In May 2012, LinkedIn announced its 2012 Q1 revenues were up to

$188.5 million compared to $93.9 million in Q1 2011. Net income increased 140% over Q1

2011 to $5 million. Revenue for Q2 was estimated to be between $210 to $215 million.

30

In November 2012, LinkedIn released their third quarter earnings, reporting earnings-per-

share of $0.22 on revenue of $252 million. As a result of these numbers, LinkedIn's stock

increased in value, trading at roughly $112 a share.

In April 2014 it was announced that LinkedIn had leased 222 Second Street, a 26-story

building under construction in San Francisco's SoMa district, to accommodate up to 2,500 of

its employees.

31

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Facebook and WhatsApp top social networking

apps in India: Report

Facebook remains the most popular social networking site in India with 51% of users

logging on daily, while WhatsApp tops the list of instant messaging (IM) apps,

according to report by global research consultancy firm TNS.

As per the findings of ‘Connected Life’ -- a global study of the digital attitudes and

behaviors of 60,500 internet users across 50 countries, 55% are on instant messaging

every day.

In India, Facebook continues its dominance for social networking platforms with 51%

of the users while WhatsApp is the most popular for instant messaging app with 56%

of users, TNS said in a statement.

Commenting on the findings, TNS India Executive Director Parijat Chakraborty said:

“The social networking market of India is Facebook centric, which is fuelling the

adoption of Facebook Messenger also as the IM platform for private messaging.

However, WhatsApp is by far the most popular IM platform in India.”

As per the study, Facebook has maintained its position as the world’s favourite social

platform with almost one third of global internet users (30%) saying they use it every

day and with usage in Asia Pacific (APAC) region much higher.

India’s Facebook usage of 51%, however, is far lower compared to some countries in

APAC markets like Thailand (78%), Taiwan (75%), Hong Kong (72%).

Interestingly, India is the second largest base with over 125 million users for

Facebook that has 1.49 billion users globally. The US has the highest number of

Facebook users.

On the popularity instant messaging in India, Chakraborty said the country had

always been a text heavy market. This legacy, coupled with the attraction of

connecting with like-minded people privately, is making instant messaging platforms

a perfect tool.

“This new-found excitement of largely new mobile- internet users has made India one

of the highest globally in average daily number of messages exchanged,” Chakraborty

said.

In APAC, over three out of five internet users or 61% are now using instant

messaging every day, while 82% are using it on a weekly basis, the report said.

Overall, “the popularity of IM has soared over the past year, with a 12% uplift in daily

usage globally as more people opt for closed messaging platforms such as WhatsApp,

Facebook Messenger and WeChat”, it added.

32

IM has achieved high numbers of daily users across much of APAC, with 77% of

those in Malaysia, 73% in Hong Kong, 69% in China and 38% in India, using an IM

platform daily.

By contrast, some Western markets are lagging behind, including the UK (39%) and

the US (35%), it said.

TNS said While IM popularity is rising; traditional social media platforms are still

holding strong, allowing content to go viral more quickly. The challenge for brands is

to create content that consumers actually want to share.

33

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Negative Side Effects of Social Networking Sites and Apps on Teenager

Student’s Life..!!

The popularity of the social networking sites increased rapidly in the last decade. This

is probably due to the reason that college and university students as well as teens used

it extensively to get global access.

These social networking sites such as WhatsApp, Wechat, Twitter and Facebook have

become a raging craze for everyone nowadays.

The negative effects of these social networking sites overweigh the positive ones.

These sites have caused some potential harm to society.

The students become victims of social networks more often than anyone else. This is

because of the reason that when they are studying or searching their course material

online.

They get attracted to these sites and social apps to kill the boredom in their study time

through surfing late night on their cell phones or computers which diverting their

attention from their work.

Reduced learning and research capabilities:

Students have started relying more on the information accessible easily on these social

networking sites and the web. This reduces their learning and research capabilities.

34

DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS

1. Do you have Smartphone?

A) Yes 66 94%

B) No 04 6%

Interpretation:

94% people have Smartphone.

94%

6%

35

2. Do you use social networking apps?

A) Yes 64 97%

B) No 02 3%

Interpretation:

97% people use social networking apps.

97%

3%

36

3. If yes than answer the following questions, which social networking apps do you use?

A) Face book 52

B) Whatsapp 65

C) LinkedIn 07

D) Instagram 22

E) Skype 20

F) Google + 21

G) Twitter 12

H) Other 04

Interpretation:

Mostly people use whatsapp and than facebook

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Facebook Whatsapp linkdin Instagram Skype Google + Twitter Other's

52

65

7

2220 21

12

4

66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66

Respondent Total

37

4. What is the frequency of using the social networking apps?

A) Everyday 60 91%

B) Once a week 2 3%

C) Once a month 1 1%

D) Occasionally

3

5%

Interpretation:

91% people use social networking apps daily.

91%

3%

1%

5%

38

5. What is the time you spend on social networking apps per day?

A) Up to 2 hours 35 53%

B) 2 to 4 hours 16 24%

C) 5 to 6 hours 06 9%

D) More than 6 hours 09 14%

Interpretation:

53% of the people spend time up to two hours daily on social networking apps.

53%

24%

9%

14%

39

6. What do you use these apps for

A) Keep in touch with friends 50

B) Making new friends 15

C) Time pass 23

D) Gathering information 32

E) To share your experience 16

F) To make Professional and business contract 13

Interpretation:

Mostly people use these apps for keep in touch with friends.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

A B C D E F

50

15

23

32

1613

40

7. How do online networking apps affect your social life?

A) Does not have an effect on face to face communication 21 32%

B) Has somewhat effect on face to face communication 32 48%

C) Replaces most face to face communication

13

20%

Interpretation:

48% people has somewhat effect on face to face communication due to social networking

apps on their social life.

32%

48%

20%

41

8. Do you think social networking apps are important?

A) Strongly agree 17 26%

B) Agree 42 64%

C) Fair 07 10%

D) Disagree 00 0

Interpretation:

64%people agree that social networking apps are important.

26%

64%

10% 0%

42

9. How do you feel about advertising on social networking apps?

A) Very annoying 11 17%

B) Somewhat annoying 16 24%

C) Indifferent 04 6%

D) Somewhat useful 22 33%

E) Very useful 13 20%

Interpretation:

33%people think that advertisement on social networking apps are somewhat useful and

24%people think that advertisement on social networking apps are somewhat annoying.

17%

24%

6%

33%

20%

43

10. Have you ever been a victim of on-line bullying (offensive comments or emails)?

A) Yes 20 30%

B) No 46 70%

Interpretation:

70%people have been victims of on-line bullying on these social networking apps.

30%

70%

44

11. Do you think privacy policies are effective in social networking apps?

A) Strongly agree 27 41%

B) Agree 35 53%

C) Disagree 04 6%

D) Strongly disagree 00 0%

Interpretation:

53%people agree that privacy policies are effective in social networking apps.

41%

53%

6%

0%

45

FINDINGS

1. From the survey I come to know that mostly people use whatsapp and then facebook.

2. 53% People spend 2 hours on these social networking apps per day.

3. 91% people use social networking apps per day.

4. According to survey 64% people agree with the importance of social networking apps

in today’s lifestyle.

5. People are agreeing with the effectiveness of privacy policies of these apps while

some are not.

6. 33% user’s feels advertisements are somewhat useful while according to 24% user’s

advertisements are somewhat annoying on these apps.

7. Most of the people use social networking apps to keep in touch with friends.

46

SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Privacy is seriously a concern on social media platform so the companies should put

sincere and concrete efforts in strengthening it as identity theft is a serious threat these

days and users would never want to put themselves at risk through unsafe medium of

apps.

2. Advertisements on social media should not put in a manner which creates disturbance

or unnecessary interruptions while its usage and they should be properly managed.

3. Apps should be more user friendly and free from complexity.

47

CONCLUSION

Social media fosters communication. An internet research company, Pew Research Center,

claims that “more than half of internet users (52%) use two or more of the social media sites

measured (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Whatsapp) to communicate with their family or

friends

For children, using social media sites can help promote creativity, interaction, and learning. It

can also help them with homework and class work. Moreover, social media enable them to

stay connected with their peers, and help them to interact with each other.

Some can get involved with developing fundraising campaigns and political events.

However, it can impact social skills due to the absence of face-to-face contact. Social media

can affect mental health of teens. Teens that use Facebook, whatsapp, etc frequently and

especially who are susceptible may become more narcissistic, antisocial, and aggressive.

Teens become strongly influenced by advertising, and it influences buying habits for in the

future. Since the creation of Facebook in 2004, it has become a distraction and a way to waste

time for many users.

48

LIMITATIONS

1. Study was confined only to the people of Bareilly city. So, the study may not be justified

for all.

2. There is a chance of marking wrong answers or making incorrect choices in the

questionnaire as some of the respondents may have misread the questions.

3. Time boundation is also the one of the limitation.

49

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Wikipedia

50

QUESTIONNAIRE

I am doing a brief survey on social networking apps.

I would be grateful if you could spare few minutes to participate in the survey.

Name Age

Gender Occupation

1. Do you have Smartphone?

Yes

No

2. Do you use social networking apps?

Yes

No

3. If yes than answer the following questions, which social networking apps do you use?

Face book Skype

Whatsapp Google +

LinkedIn Twitter

Instagram Other

specify__________________

4. What is the frequency of using the social networking apps?

Everyday

Once a week

Once a month

Occasionally

5. What is the time you spend on social networking apps per day?

Up to 2 hours

2 to 4 hours

5 to 6 hours

More than 6 hours

51

6. Why do you use these apps for

Keep in touch with friends

Making new friends

Time pass

Gathering information

To share your experience

To make Professional and business contract

7. How do online networking apps affect your social life?

Does not have an effect on face to face communication

Has Somewhat effect on face to face communication

Replaces most face to face communication

8. Do you think social networking apps are important?

Strongly agree

Agree

Fair

Disagree

9. How do you feel about advertising on social networking apps?

Very annoying

Somewhat annoying

Indifferent

Somewhat useful

Very useful

10. Have you ever been a victim of on-line bullying (offensive comments or emails)?

Yes

No

11. Do you think privacy policies are effective in social networking apps?

Strongly agree

Agree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

12. Any suggestion regarding social networking apps please welcome