A Psychoanalytic would A Psychoanalytic would say…say…

• Interpretation Interpretation – Mention repression or suppression of an event.Mention repression or suppression of an event.– The unconscious mind is somehow linked to the The unconscious mind is somehow linked to the

trauma.trauma.– Other terms that are associated with Other terms that are associated with

psychoanalytic approach (id, ego, superego, psychoanalytic approach (id, ego, superego, preconscious).preconscious).

• TreatmentTreatment– Free association, Dream analysis, Hypnosis, Free association, Dream analysis, Hypnosis,

Insight therapy, Interpretation of resistance, Insight therapy, Interpretation of resistance, psychoanalysis (the talking cure). psychoanalysis (the talking cure).

A Behaviorist would say…A Behaviorist would say…

• Interpretation:Interpretation:– Classical conditioning, operant conditioning or Classical conditioning, operant conditioning or

social learning lead to the behaviors.social learning lead to the behaviors.– Jill’s environment (school, home) taught her Jill’s environment (school, home) taught her

how to react to situations (stimulus-response how to react to situations (stimulus-response relationships).relationships).

• Treatment:Treatment:– Systematic desensitization, extinction, Systematic desensitization, extinction,

modeling, counter conditioning, aversion modeling, counter conditioning, aversion therapy, Biofeedback training, stress therapy, Biofeedback training, stress inoculationinoculation

A Humanist would say…A Humanist would say…

• Interpretation:Interpretation:– Jill is unable to direct her future and her needs Jill is unable to direct her future and her needs

are not being met.are not being met.– Poor self-concept because of life-experiencesPoor self-concept because of life-experiences– While Jill is making bad (maladaptive While Jill is making bad (maladaptive

decisions), she as an individual is a good decisions), she as an individual is a good person. person.

• Treatment:Treatment:– Person-centered or Client centered therapy, Person-centered or Client centered therapy,

Gestalt therapy, holistic health, group therapy, Gestalt therapy, holistic health, group therapy, family therapy, self-help groupsfamily therapy, self-help groups

A psychiatrist (biological A psychiatrist (biological approach) would say…approach) would say…

• InterpretationInterpretation::– Jill has a chemical imbalance (brain chemical, Jill has a chemical imbalance (brain chemical,

hormone or neurotranmitter) that influences hormone or neurotranmitter) that influences her nervous system.her nervous system.

– Bi-polar disorder can be genetically passed on.Bi-polar disorder can be genetically passed on.– Evolutionary predispositionEvolutionary predisposition– Jill might have a brain tumor.Jill might have a brain tumor.

• TreatmentTreatment::– Drugs therapy (anti-depressants), exercise, Drugs therapy (anti-depressants), exercise,

change of dietchange of diet

A cognitive therapist would A cognitive therapist would say…say…

• InterpretationInterpretation::– Jill does not think or interpret information like Jill does not think or interpret information like

everyone else. everyone else. – She has preexisting schema’s (mental set – a way She has preexisting schema’s (mental set – a way

to behave or react) that is impairing her ability to to behave or react) that is impairing her ability to interpret her world correctly.interpret her world correctly.

– Negative thoughts, irrational thoughts, faulty or Negative thoughts, irrational thoughts, faulty or distorted thoughts, self-defeating thoughts, or distorted thoughts, self-defeating thoughts, or unrealistic thoughts are other terms that a unrealistic thoughts are other terms that a cognitive therapist would use to interpret the case cognitive therapist would use to interpret the case study.study.

• TreatmentTreatment: : – Rational-Emotive therapy, Becks Cognitive Rational-Emotive therapy, Becks Cognitive

therapy, learning more adaptive ways of thinking, therapy, learning more adaptive ways of thinking, replacing self-defeating dialogs.replacing self-defeating dialogs.

The Sociocultural approach would The Sociocultural approach would say…say…

• Interpretation:Interpretation:• Jill is a direct product of her environmental Jill is a direct product of her environmental scriptscript..• Her environment was suffocating and stifling Her environment was suffocating and stifling

during her childhood and adolescence – this led during her childhood and adolescence – this led her to break the her to break the social normssocial norms that her parent’s that her parent’s had placed upon her. had placed upon her.

• Power of the situation – depending on how it is Power of the situation – depending on how it is structured, the situation can make people conform, structured, the situation can make people conform, obey, act aggressively, develop prejudices, and obey, act aggressively, develop prejudices, and even commit terrorist acts.even commit terrorist acts.

• Treatment:Treatment:• There has to be changes made in Jill’s There has to be changes made in Jill’s

environment. The social norms established by her environment. The social norms established by her parents are not working and a compromise must parents are not working and a compromise must be foundbe found

Other Approaches/ViewsOther Approaches/Views• Evolutionary/Evolutionary/

SociobiologySociobiology– Behavior has developed Behavior has developed

and adapted over time.and adapted over time.– Behavior is determined Behavior is determined

by natural selectionby natural selection– How do behavior and How do behavior and

individual differences individual differences develop and change?develop and change?

• TraitTrait– Individual differences Individual differences

result from result from differences in our differences in our underlying patterns underlying patterns of stable of stable characteristics characteristics (traits).(traits).

– Behavior results from Behavior results from each person’s unique each person’s unique combination of traits.combination of traits.

– How many How many fundamental traits fundamental traits are there?are there?

– How can we use trait How can we use trait patters to predict patters to predict behavior?behavior?