a quantitative analysis of some key lte radio performance metrics

8/18/2019 A Quantitative Analysis of Some Key LTE Radio Performance Metrics

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CONTENTS

S. No. Page

No.

1 . Introduction 1

1.1 LTE Design Goals 1

2 . LTE Basic Concepts 2

2.2 Single Carrier Modulation

and Channel

2.2 OFDM 52.2.1 Disadvantages of O DM !

2." O DM# $2.".1 Co%&arison of O DM# 'ith Pa()et*Oriented Proto(ols $

2.".2 O DM# and the LTE Generi( ra%e Stru(ture 1+

2.4 MIMO3 LTE Ph,si(al La,er 12

".1 Do'nlin) 1$

".1.1 Modulation Para%eters 1-

".1.2 Do'nlin) Multi&le ing 2+

".1." Ph,si(al Channels 2+

".1./ Ph,si(al Signals 22

".1.5 Trans&ort Channels 2"

".2.1 Modulation Para%eters 25

4 Simulations 2!

5. CO CL!SIO "2

" #e$erences ""

%ppendi& "/

1


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' Introduction

The "GPP Long Ter% Evolution 0LTE re&resents a %a or advan(e in (ellularte(hnolog,. LTE is designed to %eet (arrier needs for high*s&eed data and%edia trans&ort as 'ell as high*(a&a(it, voi(e su&&ort 'ell into the ne tde(ade. 3t en(o%&asses high*s&eed data4 %ulti%edia uni(ast and %ulti%edia

road(ast servi(es. #lthough te(hni(al s&e(i6(ations are not ,et 6nali7ed4signi6(ant details are e%erging. This &a&er fo(uses on the LTE &h,si(al la,er0P89 .

The LTE P89 is a highl, e:(ient %eans of (onve,ing oth data and (ontrolinfor%ation et'een an enhan(ed ase station 0eNode; and %o ile usere re


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. =&lin)A 1 24 1 1

/. S&e(tru% e:(ien(,

a. Do'nlin)A " to / 8SDP# Bel. !

. =&lin)A 2 to " 8S=P# Bel. !

5. Laten(,

a. C*&laneA 5+ > 1++ %se( to esta lish =*&lane

. =*&laneA 1+ %se( fro% =E to server

!. Mo ilit,

#. O&ti%i7ed for lo' s&eeds 0 15 )% hr

;. 8igh &erfor%an(e at s&eeds u& to 12+ )% hr

C. Maintain lin) at s&eeds u& to "5+ )% hr

. Coverage

a. ull &erfor%an(e u& to 5 )%

. Slight degradation 5 )% > "+ )%

(. O&eration u& to 1++ )% should not e &re(luded , standard

"


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2 LTE Basic Concepts

;efore u%&ing into a detailed des(ri&tion of the LTE P894 itFs 'orth ta)ing aloo) at so%e of the asi( te(hnologies involved. Man, %ethods e%&lo,ed inLTE are relativel, ne' in (ellular a&&li(ations. These in(lude O DM4 O DM#4

M3MO and Single Carrier re


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3S3 3S3 3S3

Signal re(eived , dire(t &ath

3tFs also hel&ful to (onsider the eIe(ts of %ulti&ath distortion in the fre


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The 6nite i%&ulse res&onse transversal 6lter 0see igure 2.1*" is a (o%%one


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0T T . The duration of the CP is deter%ined , the highest anti(i&ateddegree of dela, s&read for the targeted a&&li(ation. hen trans%ittedsignals arrive at the re(eiver , t'o &aths of diIering length4 the, arestaggered in ti%e as sho'n in ig. 2.2*2.

Fi(ure 2.2-2 OFDM Eliminates ISI /ia Lon(er S m0ol 1eriods and a

C clic 1re &

Signal dela, CP

Signals'ithvar,ingdela,s(o% ine

at re(eiverfront end

CP R T T R

/.!$ 5se(

!!.!!se(

;ase and&ro(essorstri&s oI CP4resulting inBECTfun(tionsin ti%edo%ain

ithin the CP4 it is &ossi le to have distortion fro% the &re(eding s,% ol.8o'ever4 'ith a CP of su:(ient duration4 &re(eding s,% ols do not s&illover into the T &eriod there is onl, interferen(e (aused , ti%e*

staggered J(o&iesK of the (urrent s,% ol. On(e the (hannel i%&ulseres&onse is deter%ined 0 , &eriodi( trans%ission of )no'n referen(esignals 4 distortion (an e (orre(ted , a&&l,ing an a%&litude and &haseshift on a su (arrier* ,*su (arrier asis.

Note that all of the infor%ation of relevan(e to the re(eiver is (ontained'ithin the T &eriod. On(e the signal is re(eived and digiti7ed4 there(eiver si%&l, thro's a'a, the CP. The result is a re(tangular &ulsethat4 'ithin ea(h su (arrier4 is of (onstant a%&litude over the T


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&eriod.

The re(tangular &ulses resulting fro% de(i%ation of the CP are (entral to thea ilit, to s&a(e su (arriers ver, (losel, in fre


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fre


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&er(ent. #lthough there are %easures that (an e ta)en to redu(e voltage&ea)s4 P#PB for O DM results in B P# e:(ien(ies that are generall, lo'erthan for single*(arrier (onstant envelo&e s,ste%s.

2.4 OFDM%

O DM# is e%&lo,ed as the %ulti&le ing s(he%e in the LTE do'nlin). Perha&sthe est 'a, to des(ri e O DM# is , (ontrasting it 'ith a &a()et*orientednet'or)ing s(he%e su(h as $+2.11a. 3n $+2.11a4 Carrier*Sense Multi&le#((ess 0CSM# is the %ulti&le ing %ethod. Do'nlin) and u&lin) tra:( fro%the 6 ed a((ess &oint 0#P to %o ile user stations 0ST#s is , %eans of P89la,er &a()ets. #s e &lained elo'4 O DM# %a)es %u(h %ore e:(ient use of net'or) resour(es.

2.3.' Comparison o$ OFDM% it* 1ac et-Oriented 1rotocols

Li)e "GPP LTE4 3EEE $+2.11a uses O DM as the underl,ing %odulation %ethod.8o'ever4 $+2.11a uses CSM# as the %ulti&le ing %ethod. CSM# is essentiall,a listen* efore*tal) s(he%e. or e a%&le4 'hen the #P has


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fro% !/ to 2+/$ ,tes. 3f the &a()et trans%ission is su((essful4 the re(eivingstation trans%its an #CQ. =na()no'ledged &a()ets are assu%ed to edro&&ed. Note that ea(h &a()et is &re(eded , a P89 &rea% le 'hi(h is 2+

se( in duration. The &ur&oses of the P89 &rea% le areA

• Signal dete(tion

• #ntenna diversit, sele(tion

• Setting #GC

• re "+ M &s. So%e of the ine:(ien(ies (an

e %itigated , a andoning the CSM# %ulti&le ing s(he%e and ado&ting as(heduled a&&roa(h to &a()et trans%ission. 3ndeed4 su se


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2.3.2 OFDM% and t*e LTE )eneric Frame Structure

O DM# is an e (ellent (hoi(e of %ulti&le ing s(he%e for the "GPP LTEdo'nlin). #lthough it involves added (o%&le it, in ter%s of resour(es(heduling4 it is vastl, su&erior to &a()et*oriented a&&roa(hes in ter%s of e:(ien(, and laten(,. 3n O DM#4 users are allo(ated a s&e(i6( nu% er of

su (arriers for a &redeter%ined a%ount of ti%e. These are referred to as&h,si(al resour(e lo()s 0PB;s in the LTE s&e(i6(ations. PB;s thus have otha ti%e and fre


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Band3idt* 9M7,: 1.25 2.5 5.+ 1+.+ 15.+ 2+.+

Su0carrier0and3idt* 947,: 15

1*.sical resource0loc4 91#B:

1$+

0and idt* 9 7,:

um0er o$ a/aila0le1#Bs ! 12 25 5+ 5 1++

The total nu% er of availa le su (arriers de&ends on the overalltrans%ission and'idth of the s,ste%. The LTE s&e(i6(ations de6ne&ara%eters for s,ste% and'idths fro% 1.25 M87 to 2+ M87 as sho'n in

Ta le 2.".2*1. # PB; is de6ned as (onsisting of 12 (onse(utive su (arriers forone slot 0+.5 %se( in duration. # PB; is the s%allest ele%ent of resour(eallo(ation assigned , the ase station s(heduler.

Fi(ure 2.3.2-2 Do nlin #esource )rid

1"


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Thetrans%itted do'nlin) signal (onsists of NBW su (arriers for a duration of Nsymb O DM s,% ols. 3t (an e re&resented , a resource grid as de&i(ted in

igure 2.".2*2. Ea(h o 'ithin the grid re&resents a single su (arrier for ones,% ol &eriod and is referred to as a resource elemen . Note that in M3MOa&&li(ations4 there is a resour(e grid for ea(h trans%itting antenna.

3n (ontrast to &a()et*oriented net'or)s4 LTE does not e%&lo, a P89 &rea% leto fa(ilitate (arrier oIset esti%ate4 (hannel esti%ation4 ti%ing s,n(hroni7ationet(. 3nstead4 s&e(ial referen(e signals are e% edded in the PB;s as sho'n in

igure 2.".2*". Beferen(e signals are trans%itted during the 6rst and 6fthO DM s,% ols of ea(h slot 'hen the short CP is used and during the 6rst andfourth O DM s,% ols 'hen the long CP is used.

Note that referen(e s,% ols are trans%itted ever, si th su (arrier. urther4referen(e s,% ols are staggered in oth ti%e and fre


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used to enhan(e lin) relia ilit, in (hallenging &ro&agating (onditions 'hensignal strength is lo' and %ulti&ath (onditions are (hallenging. M3MO is arelated te(hni


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#side fro% the i%&rove%ent in SNB due to (o% ining4 MBC re(eivers arero ust in the &resen(e of fre


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on the other hand4 does in(rease s,ste% data rates.This is a(hieved , using%ulti&le antennas on oth the trans%itting and re(eiving ends.

1


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3n order to su((essfull, re(eive a M3MO trans%ission4 the re(eiver %ustdeter%ine the (hannel i%&ulse res&onse fro% ea(h trans%itting antenna. 3nLTE4 (hannel i%&ulse res&onses are deter%ined , se


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1-


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1. 0distri uted as sho'n in igure 2.5*2. The (urrent 'or)ing assu%&tionin LTE is that lo(ali7ed su (arrier %a&&ing 'ill e used. The trades

et'een lo(ali7ed and distri uted su (arrier %a&&ing are dis(ussedfurther elo'.

2. -point IDFT A Converts %a&&ed su (arriers a() into ti%e do%ain fortrans%ission

". C clic pre & and pulse s*apin( A C,(li( &re6 is &re*&ended to the(o%&osite SC* DM# s,% ol to &rovide%ulti&ath i%%unit, in the sa%e%anner as des(ri ed for O DM. #s in the (ase of O DM4 &ulse sha&ingis e%&lo,ed to &revent s&e(tral regro'th.

2+


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/. #FE< Converts digital signal to analog and u&(onvert to B fortrans%ission

3n the re(eive side (hain4 the &ro(ess is essentiall, reversed. #s in the (ase of O DM4 SC* DM# trans%issions (an e thought of as linear su%%ations of dis(rete su (arriers. Multi&ath distortion is handled in the sa%e %anner as in

O DMs,ste%s 0re%oval of CP4 (onversion to the fre


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3 LTE 1* sical La er

The (a&a ilities of the eNode; and =E are o viousl,


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3.' Do nlin

The LTE P89 s&e(i6(ation is designed to a((o%%odate and'idths fro% 1.25M87 to 2+ M87. O DM 'as sele(ted as the asi( %odulation s(he%e

e(ause of its ro ustness in the &resen(e of severe %ulti&ath fading.Do'nlin) %ulti&le ing is a((o%&lished via O DM#.

The DL su&&orts &h,si(al (hannels4 'hi(h (onve, infor%ation fro% higherla,ers in the LTE sta()4 and &h,si(al signals 'hi(h are for the e (lusive useof the P89 la,er. Ph,si(al (hannels %a& to trans&ort (hannels4 'hi(h areservi(e a((ess &oints 0S#Ps for the L2 L" la,ers. De&ending on the assignedtas)4 &h,si(al (hannels and signals use diIerent %odulation and (oding&ara%eters.

3.'.' Modulation 1arameters

O DM is the %odulation s(he%e for the DL. The asi( su (arrier s&a(ing is15 )874 'ith a redu(ed su (arrier s&a(ing of .5 )87 availa le for so%e M;*S N s(enarios. Ta le ".1.1*1 su%%ari7es O DM %odulation &ara%eters.

Ta0le 3.'.'-' Do nlin OFDM Modulation 1arameters

TransmissionB= 1.25 M87 2.5 M87 5 M87 1+ M87 15 M87 2+ M87

Su0-$rameduration +.5 %s

Su0-carrierspacin( 15 )87

Samplin($re+uenc 1-2 M87 ".$/ M87

E.!$ M8702

15."!M87

2".+/ M870! "+.E2 M87

01 2 ".$/

".$/M87 0/ ".$/

".$/M87 0$ ".$/

M87 M87 M87

FFT si,e 12$ 25! 512 1+2/ 15"! 2+/$

OFDM s mper slot !9s*ort;lon(C1:

C1 S*o 0/.!- - 0/.!- 1$ 0/.!- "! 0/.!- 2 0/.!- 1+$ 0/.!- 1//2"


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len(t* rt !4 !4 !4 !4 !4

9usec;05.21 1+

105.21 2+

105.21 /+

105.21 $+

105.21 12+

1!405.21 1!+

samples: 1

Lon(

01!.! "2

01!.! !/

01!.! 12$

01!.! 25!

01!.! "$/

01!.!E 512

De&ending on the (hannel dela, s&read4 either short or long CP is used.hen short CP is used4 the 6rst O DM s,% ol in a slot has slightl, longer

CP than the re%aining si s,% ols4 as sho'n in Ta le ".1.1*2. This isdone to &reserve slot ti%ing 0+.5 %se( .

Ta0le 3.'.'-2 C clic 1re & Duration

Con (uration

C clic 1re &Len(t*

Ts $ se(

Nor%al CP Yf R 15 )87 1!+ for l R +5.21 for l R +

1//

for l R 142V5

/.!-

for l R 142V5

E tended CP Yf R 15 )87512 1!.!

Yf R 15 )871+2/ "".""

Note that the CP duration is des(ri ed in a solute ter%s 0e.g. 1!.! se( forlong CP and in ter%s of standard ti%e units4 Ts. Ts is used throughout the LTE

s&e(i6(ation do(u%ents. 3t is de6ned as Ts R 1 015+++ 2+/$ se(onds4'hi(h (orres&onds to the "+. 2 M87 sa%&le (lo() for the 2+/$ &oint T used'ith the 2+ M87 s,ste% and'idth.

3.'.2 Do nlin Multiple&in(

O DM# is the asi( %ulti&le ing s(he%e e%&lo,ed in the LTE do'nlin).O DM# is a ne'*to*(ellular te(hnolog, and is des(ri ed in detail in Se(tion2.".2 a ove. #s des(ri ed in Se(tion 2.".24 grou&s of 12 ad a(ent su (arriers

2/


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are grou&ed together on a slot* ,*slot asis to for% &h,si(al resour(e lo()s0PB;s . # PB; is the s%allest unit of and'idth assigned , the ase stations(heduler.

Beferring to igure 2.".2*24 a t'o di%ensional 0ti%e and fre


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%a i%u% of onl, t'o s&atial %ulti&le ing data strea%s.

or a 1 1 or a 2 2 s,ste%4 there is a si%&le 1A1 relationshi& et'eenla,ers and trans%itting antenna &orts. 8o'ever4 for a " 2 and / 2s,ste%4 there are still onl, t'o s&atial %ulti&le ing (hannels. Therefore4there is redundan(, on one or oth data strea%s. La,er %a&&ing s&e(i6es

e a(tl, ho' the e tra trans%itter antennas are e%&lo,ed.

Pre(oding is also used in (on un(tion 'ith s&atial %ulti&le ing. Be(all thatM3MO e &loits %ulti&ath to resolve inde&endent s&atial data strea%s. 3nother 'ords4 M3MO s,ste%s re


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Common Control 1* sical C*annel

The CCPC8 (arries (ell*'ide (ontrol infor%ation. Li)e the PDCC84 ro ustnessrather than %a i%u% data rate is the (hief (onsideration. PSQ is thereforethe onl, availa le %odulation for%at. 3n addition4 the CCPC8 is trans%itted

as (lose to the (enter fre


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around the DC su (arrier during the + th and 1+ th slots of a fra%e 0re(allthere are 2+ slots 'ithin ea(h fra%e .

3.'.5 Transport C*annels

Trans&ort (hannels are in(luded in the LTE P89 and a(t as servi(e a((ess

&oints 0S#Ps for higher la,ers. Do'nlin) Trans&ort (hannels areA

Broadcast C*annel 9BC7:

• i ed for%at

• Must e road(ast over entire (overage area of (ell

Do nlin S*ared C*annel 9DL-SC7:

• Su&&orts 8, rid #B 08#B

• Su&&orts d,na%i( lin) ada&tion , var,ing %odulation4 (oding andtrans%it &o'er

• Suita le for trans%ission over entire (ell (overage area

• Suita le for use 'ith ea%for%ing

• Su&&ort for d,na%i( and se%i*stati( resour(e allo(ation

• Su&&ort for dis(ontinuous re(eive 0DBW for &o'er save

1a(in( C*annel 91C7:

• Su&&ort for =E DBW

• Be


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3.'."Do nlin C*annel Codin(

DiIerent (oding algorith%s are e%&lo,ed for the DL &h,si(al (hannels. orthe (o%%on (ontrol (hannel 0CCPC8 4 %odulation is restri(ted to PSQ. ThePDSC8 uses u& to !/ #M %odulation. or (ontrol (hannels4 (overage is the&ara%ount re


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(o%&ara le O DM signal.

3.2.2 Multiple&in(

=&lin) PB;s are assigned to =E , the ase station s(heduler via thedo'nlin) CCPC8. =&lin) PB;s (onsist of a grou& of 12 (ontiguous

su (arriers for a duration of one slot ti%e.

3.2.3 !plin 1* sical C*annels

=&lin) &h,si(al (hannels are used to trans%it infor%ation originating inla,ers a ove the P89. De6ned =L &h,si(al (hannels areA

1* sical !plin S*ared C*annel 91!SC7:

Besour(es for the P=SC8 are allo(ated on a su *fra%e asis , the =Ls(heduler. Su (arriers are allo(ated in %ulti&les of 12 0PB;s and %a, eho&&ed fro% su *fra%e to su *fra%e. The P=SC8 %a, e%&lo, PSQ4 1! #Mor !/ #M %odulation.

/ Si%ulations

S,ste% level si%ulation fo(us %ore on net'or)*related issues4 su(h asresour(e allo(ation and s(heduling ?2@4 %ulti*user handling4 %o ilit,%anage%ent4 ad%ission (ontrol 4 interferen(e %anage%ent4 and net'or)&lanning o&ti%i7ation ?2@.

"+


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igure 1S(he%ati( lo() diagra% of the LTE s,ste% level si%ulator

On to& of that4 in a %ulti*user oriented s,ste%4 su(h as LTE4 it is not dire(tl,(lear 'hi(h 6gures of %erit should e used to assess the &erfor%an(e of the

s,ste%. The (lassi(al %easures of 0un (oded ;it Error Batio 0;EB 4 0un (oded;lo() Error Batio 0;LEB 4 and through&ut are not (overing %ulti*user s(enario&ro&erties. More (o%&rehensive %easures of the LTE &erfor%an(e are fore a%&le fairness4 %ulti*user diversit,4 or Do ?"+@. 8o'ever4 these theoreti(al(on(e&ts have to e %a&&ed to &erfor%an(e values that (an e evaluated ,%eans of si%ulations.

T#;LE 3A S3M=L#T3ON P#B#METEBS

1aram 1arameters eters %ssum%ssumptions

ptionsCarrier fre


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=Es &osition =Es lo(ated in targetse(torOnl,4 2+ =Es se(tor

;S antenna gain 15 d;iS(heduler BB s(hedulerMini%u% (ou&ling loss + d;

T %ode 1nT nB antennas 1 1

eNode; T &o'er /"d;%

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 2510

-3

10-2

10-1

100

SNR [dB]

B L E R

LTE BLER for CQIs 1 t o 15

CQI 1CQI 2CQI 3CQI 4CQI 5CQI 6CQI 7CQI 8CQI 9CQI 10CQI 11CQI 12CQI 13CQI 14CQI 15

ig. 2 LTE ;LEB for C 3s 1 to 15

or the 6rst s(enario si%ulated it 'as sele(ted 1.$ G87 as (arrier fre


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ig. "LTE Net'or) 'ith Enode;s and 2+ users (ell

redundan(, (he() 0CBC of 'hi(h is 'rong. # +[ ;LEB is not al'a,sne(essar, or &ra(ti(al4due to the e tra ti%e it ta)es to resend lo()s 'ith errors. 3n LTE4 ada&tive%odulation and (oding has to ensure a ;LEB value s%aller than 1+ [ ?1+@. #s&er ig. 24 if ;LEB value is li%ited at 1+*1 01+[ of the %a . at least a SNB of a out / d; is re


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e(ause of its higher &o'er re


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through&ut. To su% it u&4 an aggregate S3NB level of d; is re


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;ut S3NB if lifted to d; 'ill result into slightl, higher =E average through&utof 2." M &s. The aggregate S3NB level (an e veri6ed fro% the E%&iri(alCu%ulative Distri ution un(tion 0ECD vs S3NB &lot of igure !. Ta le 33sho's average through&ut and s&e(tral e:(ien(, results var,ing(onse(utivel, nu% er of =Es (ell fro% 1+ to "+. ro% here a s&e(trale:(ien(, of ". " it (u4 /.++ it (u4 ". - it (u4 ". / it (u and ".-/ it (u 'erealso attained for 1+=Es *"+ =Es res&e(tivel,.

igure

E 'ith slo' 01.25 % s and fast 025 % s s&eed 'ere ta)en into (onsiderationinvolving oth near and far 6eld region for (o%&arison of the trans%ission%odes. The &erfor%an(e %easure in ter%s of through&ut is sho'n in ig. 0afor slo' =E and ig. 0 for faster =E s&eed 2+ ti%es higher than the earlierone.

"!


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or lo' s&eed*1.25 % s (ase4 OLSM and CLSM has (o%&arativel, etterthrough&ut in near 6eld region. ;ut for far 6eld region T D has etterthrough&ut (o%&ared to OLSM 'hile CLSM still do%inates the overall(o%&arison. or higher s&eeds*25 % s (ase4 OLSM to&s the (hart in nearfield region 'hile CLSM has the se(ond highest through&ut. hilethrough&ut for T D is


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LTE net'or) %ight a&&ear as hand, for future LTE*#dvan(ed net'or) through(o%&arative studies and o&ti%i7ation

B E E B E N C E S

?1@ " GPPA Mo ile ;road and Standard 'e site. ?Online@. #vaila leAhtt&A '''."g&&.org ?2@ 8. 8ol%a4 #. Tos)ala4 LTE for =MTS * O DM# and SC*

DM# ;ased Badio #((ess4 \ohn ile, ] Sons Ltd4 2++-.?"@ S. Sesia4 3. Tou6)4 M. ;a)er4 LTE * The =MTS Long Ter% EvolutionA ro%

Theor, to Pra(ti(e4 \ohn ile, ] Sons Ltd4 2++-. ?/@ M. T. Qa'ser4 N. 3. ;. 8a%id4 M. N. 8asan4 M. S. #la%4 and M. M. Bah%an4^Do'nlin) SNB to C 3 Ma&&ing for DiIerent Multi&le #ntenna Te(hni


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LTE4^ 3nternational \ournal of 3nfor%ation and Ele(troni(s Engineering4 vol. 24no. 54 &&. 5 !+4 Se&. 2+12. ?5@ M. T. Qa'ser4 N. 3. ;. 8a%id4 M. N. 8asan4 M.S. #la%4 and M. M. Bah%an4 ^Li%iting 8#B Betrans%issions in Do'nlin) forPoor Badio Lin) in LTE4^ 3nternational \ournal of 3nfor%ation and Ele(troni(sEngineering4 vol. 24 no. 54 &&. + * +-4 Se&. 2+12.?!@ N. 3. ;. 8a%id4 M. T. Qa'ser4 M. #. 8o


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#&&endi

1! #M 1! &oint


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DL*SC8 Do'nlin)*shared (hannel

DBW Dis(ontinuous re(eive

eNode; Enhan(ed Node ;0enhan(ed ase

station

DD re


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M;MS Multi%edia road(ast%ulti(ast servi(e

M;*S N Multi(ast road(ast > singlefre


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P=SC8 Ph,si(al u&lin) shared(hannel

#M uadrature a%&litude%odulation

PSQ uadrature &hase shift)e,ing

B#C8 Bando% a((ess (hannel

B E Badio front end

B P# Badio fre


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a quantitative analysis of some key lte radio performance metrics

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