a quick overview of best practices in pavement for local … overview of best... · 2018-04-09 ·...
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A Quick Overview of Best Practices in Pavement for Local Government
University of California Pavement Research CenterCity and County Pavement Improvement Center
6 April 2018Meeting with:
City of BerkeleyCity of Davis
City of Martinez
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Framework for Decision Support
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Measuring Sustainability• Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)
– Economic• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
– Range of environmental impacts, quantitative• Sustainability Rating Systems (e.g., INVEST)
– Environmental and social impacts, qualitative
Reasons to MeasureDecision support
Establish baselines for process improvementReporting for public, industry and government
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So what can be done to make pavements more sustainable?• FHWA Sustainable
Pavements Task Group– More sustainable
pavement reference document (2015)
– Covers everything about pavement and sustainability
– Tech briefs and webinars
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/sustainability/ref_doc.cfm
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What Should be Done for Sustainability?
• Many alternatives to improve sustainability• How to prioritize?• Cost from Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)• Environment from Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
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Where can LCCA be implemented?
• PMS decision tree optimization– Condition trigger levels for treatment (timing)– Treatment selection
• Pavement type selection• Policy evaluation
– Materials changes– Construction quality specifications– Design methods
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Where can LCCA be implemented?
• Accurate estimation of timing and costs is important for accurate LCCA
• Where multiple alternatives with similar benefits are being considered over identical analysis periods- USE Net Present Value(NPV)
• Alternatives with similar benefits over different analysis periods- USE Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost(EUAC)
Source: FHWA reference document (2015)
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Maintaining competition in pavementCalifornia Relative Asphalt and Concrete Costs1978-2017
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1978 1988 1998 2008
AC/P
CC c
ost r
atio
Year
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Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Basics
Ride QualityStructuralCapacity
Years
Unacceptable
Field MaintenancePavement Preservation
Rehab
Needs attention
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Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Basics
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Pavement management:Use of PCI vs measured cracking, rutting
• PCI is amalgamation of different distresses• Can have same PCI for very different
conditions• Engineering meaning in the condition
survey is lost
• Recommend• Use PCI as communication
tool for management/public• Manage asphalt pavement considering:
• Cracking type (traffic related wheelpath cracks, aging/shrinkage related out of wheelpath cracks)
• Other distresses (rutting, raveling)
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Same PCI, different pavement conditionCASE 1: TRAFFIC LOADING RELATED, PCI = 34
DISTRESS SEVERITY QUANTITY DV
Alligator Cracks High 1x6 18
Alligator Cracks Medium 1x4 1x5 1x7 17Potholes Medium 3 48
Potholes Low 3 30
Rutting Low 2x5 2x8 10
CASE 2: AGE, CONSTRUCTION, UTILITIES, OTHER FACTORS, PCI = 32
Long/Trans Crack High 15 20 8 6 12 18 6x7
43
Long/Trans Crack Medium 25x2 18 13 9 10 20
Patching/Utility High 25x4 25x2 40
Patching/Utility Medium 12x6 4x7 20
Block Cracks High 4x6 6x5 13
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Pavement management Rehab with no preservation
$ (AgencyCosts)
Years
Initial R R R
Analysis Period Salvage Value
• Net present value = sum of costs to year 0, discounted in future years
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Pavement managementRehab with preservation
$ (AgencyCosts)
Years
Initial P P R P P
Analysis Period Salvage Value
• Net present value = sum of costs to year 0, discounted in future years
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LCCA resultsUrban alternatives
• 50 year analysis, 2% discount rate
• Remove and replace scenario 14% more cost
• Preservation scenario 12% less cost; 8% less GHG
Activity $/sy YearHMA 2 inch mill and fill 38 0
HMA 2 inch mill and fill 38 20HMA 2 inch mill and fill 38 40
Activity $/sy Year
HMA 2 inch mill and fill 38 0
Slurry seal 7 12Slurry seal 7 19Slurry seal 7 26HMA 2 inch mill and fill 38 33Slurry seal 7 45
Activity $/sy YearHMA 2 inch mill and fill 52 0
Remove, replace 6 inches HMA 52 25
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What you need to do
•Pavement management• Do engineering work based on truck traffic
level, cracking and surface defects data, not PCI
• Use your costs and LCCA to develop best treatment practice and preservation timing
• Need performance models• Requires condition survey, traffic and as-built data
• Learn to use LCCA to discuss preservation spending with council/board
• CCPIC has created simple LCCA spreadsheet tool, currently being piloted
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Building pavement knowledge and getting it into practice
• CCPIC is developing a Pavement Engineering professional development certificate
• Aimed for local government staff and their consultants• Through ITS Berkeley Tech Transfer
• Are you selecting pavement consultants based on pavement knowledge?
• What questions are you asking in the interview?
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LCCA calculations
EUAC = 𝐹𝐹.𝑖𝑖.(1+𝑖𝑖)𝑛𝑛
(1+𝑖𝑖)𝑛𝑛−1
NPV = Net Present Value, EUAC = Equivalent Uniform Annual CostF = Future value, I = Interest Rate, n = Year of work
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LCCA calculations
$ (AgencyCosts)
$ (UserCosts)
Years
Initial M R R
Analysis Period Salvage Value
• Net present value = add up the costs over the analysis period, including discount rate
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LCCA Excel tool • Excel tool to calculate Net Present Value, Salvage Value and Equivalent Uniform Annual
Cost• Can compare 3 scenarios side by side• Can choose and edit the list and sequence of treatments
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LCCA Excel tool InputsOutputs1. Treatment type
2. Year of work3. Discount rate4. Analysis period
1. Total NPV2. Total SV3. EUAC
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LCCA Excel tool Editable:• Functional Unit• Treatment List: Cost, Life of Treatment
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LCCA Excel tool
Rural prevention and maintenance strategies:• Rehab-Prevention• Rehab-Prevention-Prevention-Prevention• Rehab-Rehab-Rehab
Urban prevention and maintenance strategies:• Rehab-Prevention• Rehab-Prevention-Prevention-Prevention• Rehab-Rehab-Rehab• Rehab-Reconstruction
Can be used to compare different treatments, and preventive andmaintenance strategies. A study was conducted to understand thesensitivity of different maintenance strategies to interval changes.
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LCCA Excel tool: RURAL analysis
$300,000.00
$320,000.00
$340,000.00
$360,000.00
$380,000.00
$400,000.00
$420,000.00
$440,000.00
$460,000.00
$480,000.00
$500,000.00
0 5 10 15 20 25
Net
Pre
sent
Val
ue
Chip seal treatment price increase(percent)
Rehab3
Rehab-Prevention
Rehab-Prevention3
$300,000.00
$350,000.00
$400,000.00
$450,000.00
$500,000.00
$550,000.00
$600,000.00
0 1 2 3 4
Net
Pre
sent
Val
ue
Chip seal treatment interval reduction(years)
Rehab3
Rehab-Prevention
Rehab-Prevention3
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LCCA Excel tool: URBAN analysis
$300,000.00
$350,000.00
$400,000.00
$450,000.00
$500,000.00
$550,000.00
$600,000.00
$650,000.00
0 5 10 15 20 25
Net
Pre
sent
Val
ue
Asphalt mill and fill price increase(percent)
Rehab3
Rehab-Prevention
Rehab-Prevention3Rehab-Recon
$300,000.00
$350,000.00
$400,000.00
$450,000.00
$500,000.00
$550,000.00
$600,000.00
$650,000.00
$700,000.00
0 1 2 3 4
Net
Pre
sent
Val
ue
Slurry seal treatment interval reduction(years)
Rehab3
Rehab-PreventionRehab-Prevention3