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A REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICALCYCLONE ACTIVITY, 1700–1855
MICHAEL CHENOWETH
Independent Scholar, 6816 Ducketts Lane, Elkridge, Maryland 21075, USAE-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The chronological table of Atlantic basin tropical cyclones produced by Andres Poey in
1855 is the foundation stone for present-day knowledge of historical Atlantic tropical cyclone activity.
Subsequent researchers have used his table and built upon it, rejecting some of his entries, modifying
others, and accepting the rest. A re-analysis of the 1700–1855 portion of Poey’s original published
list was made using historical newspaper accounts, weather diaries, and ships’ logbooks. Of the 348
separate entries in Poey’s original list, 149 were rejected and 198 accepted. Due to errors in dating
and location, and the linking of separate entries as parts of the same storm, only 170 of the 198
accepted entries are unique storms. Thirteen undated storms of the remaining 170 are now dated. The
authorities cited by Poey vary in their reliability. Of those cited 10 or more times, there was an average
of one incorrect citation for every 3.1 correct citations. The most and least reliable authorities used
by Poey are identified. An updated corrected chronology from all published sources is presented and
includes 383 unique storms through 1855.
1. Introduction
Hurricanes and tropical storms in the Atlantic Ocean have threatened the inhabitantsof the region for thousands of years. Written records from European witnesses tothese storms date from the voyages of Christopher Columbus. The Spanish, French,English, Dutch, and other Europeans soon discovered the destructiveness of thesestorms and numerous accounts of the misfortunes brought to mariners and colonistswere reported to their home countries.
When the first histories of the Caribbean colonies were written, hurricanes oftenwere mentioned as important events in their history. Du Tertre (1667) mentionedtwelve storms in the Lesser Antilles between 1642 and 1666 and his accounts arethe main source we have for this time period. Other historians and almanac makersproduced local chronologies over the years. Long (1774) apparently used one ormore of these accounts to produce his modest list of hurricanes in the Caribbeanregion. Bryan Edwards’s The history, civil and commercial, of the British Coloniesin the West Indies first published in 1805, listed 18 separate storms. Poey (1855)considered Moreau de Jonnes’s chronology of 1822 to be the first chronological listto attempt to document all of the known hurricanes in the West Indies dating backto 1495. Southey (1827) produced an important list of hurricanes. He also appearsto be the first person to use the newspaper collections of the Reverend Dr. CharlesBurney, purchased by the British Museum in 1818. This collection is the core of the
Climatic Change (2006)
DOI: 10.1007/s10584-005-9005-2 c© Springer 2006
M. CHENOWETH
British Library Newspaper Library collection today. Subsequent lists tended to relyheavily on pre-existing chronologies (Evans, 1848; Schomburgk, 1848; Johnston,1855; Poey, 1855).
By the time Poey produced his 1855 chronology, the scientific investigation oftropical cyclones had been underway for more than three decades. Sir William Reid(1838, 1849), William Redfield (1831, 1854), and Henry Piddington (1848) werethe most important researchers publishing their results at this time. None of themproduced a chronology as such, but Poey drew on their work to supplement his list.He spent time in New York with Redfield copying out all of the notes on stormsthat Redfield possessed (Poey, 1855).
The list of Poey is a famous document for students of tropical meteorology.Since 1855, dozens of authors have used his list to produce their own updatedlists of hurricanes and tropical storms. Tannehill (1938) used Poey’s list (and thosemade since Poey’s time) in his updating of the Atlantic basin hurricane history,omitting all storms in the months of December through May that were includedin Poey’s list. This was done because it was well known by this time that tropicalcyclones in these months are very rare and the number too great in the historicalrecord to be accurate. Subsequent work by Millas (1968) confirmed the datingerrors from English sources prior to 1752 due to the late acceptance of the Gre-gorian calendar in England, relative to that of France and Spain. He also madethe first critical analysis of the sources used by Poey, rejecting some storms, andincluding new storms made by his own research. Ludlum (1963) constructed thebest chronology of landfalling tropical cyclones in the United States; a number ofthese storms can be associated with their earlier history in the Caribbean region.Fernandez-Partagas and Diaz (1995a,b, 1996a,b,c, 1997, 1999) make critical ref-erence to Tannehill’s (and, therefore, Poey for 1851 to 1855) chronology in theirdocumentation of Atlantic tropical cyclones from 1851–1910. Their results areavailable on-line at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/hurdat pub.html. Like-wise, Rappaport and Fernandez-Partagas (1995) also drew on the same secondarysources. These sources are carried into the North Atlantic hurricane database knownas HURDAT (Landsea et al., 2004), and an assessment of their reliability based onnew information was made.
2. The Need to Re-Analyze the Poey Chronology
The importance of the Poey chronology lies in its persistent use for nearly 150 years.The accuracy of the historical record is important for many research communities.Attempts to reconstruct long-term variability in Atlantic basin hurricanes (e.g.,Walsh and Reading, 1991) assume that the available record in populated regionsof the Caribbean is largely complete since about 1650, which is highly unlikely.Boose et al. (2004) use some of these sources in their work on hurricane impactson Puerto Rican tropical rain forest ecology. Paleohurricane studies using proxy
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
data are dependent on accurate historical records for evaluating strike probabilitiesover time (Liu, 2004; Donnelly et al., 2001; Liu and Fearn, 2000). The insuranceindustry also requires accurate information of hurricane occurrences (Malmquist,1998; Elsner and Kara, 1999).
The use of primary source documents is the most accurate way to rediscoverhistorical tropical cyclones. Redfield, Reid and Piddington all used such sources,particularly ships’ logbooks, to track tropical cyclones in different parts of the world.More recently, Ludlum (1963), Fernandez-Partagas and Diaz (1995a,b, 1996a,b,1997, 1999), Rappaport and Fernandez-Partagas (1995), Rappaport and Ruffman(1999), Sandrik and Landsea (2003), Chenoweth (2003), Mock (2004) and Garcia-Herrera et al. (2005) have used a variety of primary source documents to reconstructindividual storms and local time series of tropical storms and hurricanes. During thecourse of investigating Jamaican tropical cyclones, evidence was found that manyof the accepted accounts of historical tropical cyclones were in error (Chenoweth,2003). The high frequency of errors led to a more detailed search for new informa-tion to determine the reliability of the Poey chronology, and subsequent work thathas relied on Poey and/or the sources he consulted.
3. Poey’s Record
The original list of Poey, published in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Societyin 1855, contains 401 separate entries of “cyclonic hurricanes” from 1493 through1855. The dates, localities affected, and the authorities cited are included, along withfootnotes of additional information and analysis. Poey suspected, usually correctly,that some individual entries were probably related to adjacent entries in the sameyear but he made no effort to narrow down his original count. He also notes conflictson dates of storms between different sources. Dozens of authorities are cited; manyprovide information on only one hurricane. Only fifteen sources provide ten or moredifferent entries. Poey did not investigate the degree to which later authors used thesame sources. The result is the apparent large number of citations for individualstorms, which ultimately derive from a single or very small number of sources.The reliability of the most important sources used by Poey will be documented inSection 6.
4. Source Documents
The original source for Atlantic basin hurricanes is still not always discernible.Judging from sources mentioned in Poey, historians most often used secondarysources for the majority of cases in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The ultimatesources are most often newspaper accounts. Different newspapers often used thesame original colonial newspaper account. The exact source may not be known, but
M. CHENOWETH
in such instances when details are given they can be compared with the newspaperaccounts and a source confirmed. Millas (1968) quotes the Annual Register and TheGentleman’s Magazine as two sources that were used by early hurricane chroniclersin the mid and late 18th century. These were indeed used but both tended to providea reduced and edited version that appeared in full in other contemporary Englishnewspapers. Private letters were often published in newspapers giving additionalinformation. Major disasters to naval fleets often received extensive press attentionin the official government accounts of European countries. Ship logbook accountsbecome more frequent in appearance in 19th century newspapers. Mariners oftenbrought accounts of storms encountered at sea to the press in ports throughout theregion. Redfield, Reid and Piddington used such press clippings to gather much oftheir marine data.
The main weakness of newspaper accounts, particularly those carrying ac-counts of storms elsewhere, is the risk of inaccurate information being propagatedany number of ways. Incorrect information passed from the original source, orthrough misunderstanding by the reporter, could introduce an error in fact at thefirst point. Typeset could be incorrectly inserted by a hurried or inattentive type-setter. The newspaper item could be picked up by a neighboring newspaper andgarbled and this could then be picked up by other sources. Some accounts omitdates and locations, or are vague about the exact time and place of a storm. Insome instances, information that is known to be possibly vague is later found tobe in error. This requires a more thorough search of newspapers beyond an ini-tial report. A good example of this is reporting on a 1779 tropical cyclone thatpassed some distance off the South Carolina coast in September of that year.Millas (1968) places the storm near Charles Town, the island of Nevis in theLesser Antilles, when in fact his source is discussing Charles Town [Charleston]in South Carolina. Information in the original accounts is vague, involving thesearch of the British Navy for the French Fleet intent on invading the Americancolonies during the American Revolutionary War. Hence, Millas made a bad as-sumption based only on the port’s name and introduced a major error into hischronology.
Most Caribbean newspapers from the 18th century no longer exist. Accountsmust be drawn from other newspapers that republished their original accounts. An-other primary source document is ships’ logbooks, which remain in great numbersfor the entire 1700–1855 period (Chenoweth, 1996; see also www.nmm.ac.uk foran excellent introduction to ships’ logbooks in the Climate of the World’s Oceans(CLIWOC) section). These records fill in the newspaper gap and are extremelyuseful for verifying the existence of a tropical cyclone. They provide wind andweather data at sub-hourly to daily resolution, which is invaluable in determiningprevailing synoptic weather conditions. Their main limitation can be their failure tomake any mention of land-based storm damage, which newspaper accounts providein greater detail. In fact, both records are excellent sources that add to the other.When a newspaper record is unavailable, the logbook record must be scrutinized
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
more closely to infer the potential damage done from the weather reports includedin the logbook.
While newspapers and logbooks are important sources of information it shouldbe pointed out that many other archive sources remain to be examined. The hugerecord of the British Colonial Office provides accounts from all of the colonies on awide range of topics concerning the important political and economic affairs of thecolonies, including storm damage from hurricanes. Likewise, similar Spanish colo-nial records are beginning to yield invaluable information on Atlantic hurricanes,especially in the Spanish colonies (e.g. Garcia-Herrera et al., 2005). In terms oflength of record, Spanish records have potential to provide the longest local time se-ries. A truly comprehensive record of Atlantic hurricanes will require examinationof all European and former colonial archives.
5. Data and Methods
Newspaper accounts for the period 1700–1855 were consulted from newspaperarchives in the U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, DC, the University ofMaryland, College Park, Maryland, the British Library Newspaper Library, inLondon as well as newspapers included in the records of the Colonial Office inthe UK National Archives, London. Scores of different newspapers were used andare too numerous to enumerate here. A few of the titles read include The BostonNews Letter (1705–1775), The Pennsylvania Gazette (1729–1776, 1783–1792);Lloyd’s List (1740–1855), London Times (1785–1855), Jamaica Royal Gazette(1778–1781; 1811–1838); The Royal Gazette and Bahama Advertiser (1804–1811,1813–1837); Diario de la Marina (Havana) (1844–1855) to name only a fewnewspapers. A total of 5,606 newspaper accounts were used. Due to duplica-tion of original sources in other newspapers, the estimated number of “unique”accounts is 3,447, after adjusting for duplications and probable same sources be-ing used in other press accounts. British Navy ships’ logbooks were used to sup-plement newspaper coverage. These logbooks are available at the U.K. NationalArchives in London. Additional logbook data were obtained from other archivesin the United States archives (US National Archives, Washington, DC; MysticSeaport Museum, Mystic, Connecticut; Old Dartmouth Whaling Museum, NewBedford, Massachusetts; Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts). Fourhundred and fifty-six logbook records were used in the re-analysis of the Poeychronology. Precisely dated logbook entries allow for improved temporal and spa-tial continuity in tracking individual storms and detecting potential associations(or their absence) in the mapping and plotting of individual tropical cyclones. De-tails in press coverage were compared with accounts published in Poey (1855),Ludlum (1963), Millas (1968), Mock (2004) and Garcia-Herrera et al. (2005). Ina number of instances, the same (unattributed) newspaper account that was cited
M. CHENOWETH
in the original source was found in the English press. Such sources are likelythe original record from which all subsequent accounts are originally based. Ta-ble I lists the original Poey entries, with a column indicating whether or not thestorm was accepted or rejected and another column indicating the reason for itsstatus.
The period 1700–1855 was chosen for several reasons. First, the great majorityof the storms listed by Poey occur after 1700. Secondly, English language sourcesare easily available and abundant from 1700 onward; newspapers in England beganto proliferate in number after 1695, following the end of royal licensing with the firstdaily newspaper established in 1703 (Rogers, 2003). Thirdly, newspaper publishingin North America began on a regular basis about the same time. Fourth, logbookrecords are abundant since 1670 from English sources. Using the Poey record, theseprimary sources were used to check the chronology for accuracy in the date andlocation of tropical cyclones.
The Poey record was entered into a database. This record was compared againsta separate record of tropical cyclones from original sources cited above, alongwith daily weather records kept in Jamaica from 1750–1786 (Chenoweth, 2003),St. Eustatia from 1787–1793 (Fahlberg MS Met Obs obtained from the RoyalAcademy of Sweden), Nassau, Bahamas from 1812–1840 (Chenoweth, 1998),and other shorter weather records. Together, they constitute the most compre-hensive collection of daily weather data from the tropical Atlantic for this timeperiod.
Storms included in Poey’s list were considered to be in error for the followingreasons. (1) absence of independent evidence from primary sources; (2) incorrectyears, but correct date; (3) correct dating, but incorrect location; (4) cited sourcefailed to mention weather as a cause of a disaster; (5) correct day of month, butwrong month; (6) date and location are correct, but weather was not associated witha tropical cyclone (e.g., heavy flooding from a thunderstorm).
Storms were accepted even when some errors were evident. These include (1)correct location and month (or just year) without a given day of month which fits,or could plausibly link with independent data; (2) deviations of plus or minus oneday from the actual date of maximum storm impact; (3) incorrectly linked storms,but based on otherwise accurate accounts; (4) dates given in old style Julian form,but correct when converted to the modern Gregorian calendar.
Reasons for rejection of the storms were most frequently due to garbled dates.Very frequently the year was incorrect, often offset by a single year. In some in-stances, the digits in the date were transposed or omitted. Errors in the month, butwith a correct day, were common; a few errors were off by one week. This indi-cates that the original source may have made a reference to the day of the weekof the storm, which was correct, but the day of the month was in error for somereason. In some instances, the date was correct, but the location completely in error(“July 27, 1805 – Jamaica” as cited by Poey from Schomburgk’s work is actuallya storm encountered in the North Atlantic on this date by the fleet sailing from
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
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REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONEST
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arb
ado
s;n
oS
.C.st
orm
17
59
Sep
t.G
ulf
of
Mex
ico
Acc
epte
d4
23
1
17
61
May
4C
har
lest
on
,U
.S.
Rej
ecte
d4
3T
orn
ado
17
61
Jun
e1
Ch
arle
sto
n,U
.S.
Rej
ecte
d4
3N
oev
iden
cein
log
bo
ok
so
rn
ewsp
aper
s
17
62
Dec
.9
Car
tag
ena
Rej
ecte
d4
4In
corr
ect
Yea
r
17
65
July
31
Mar
tin
iqu
e,S
t.E
ust
atiu
s,G
uad
elo
up
eA
ccep
ted
45
32
17
65
Sep
t.M
arti
niq
ue,
Gu
adel
ou
pe,
St.
Ch
rist
op
her
Rej
ecte
d4
5C
on
fuse
dw
ith
July
31
sto
rm
17
65
Nov.
13
,1
4S
t.D
om
ing
oA
ccep
ted
46
33
17
66
Au
g.1
3,
14
Mar
tin
iqu
eA
ccep
ted
47
34
17
66
Au
g.1
6W
est
of
Jam
aica
Acc
epte
d4
73
4
17
66
Sep
t.1
1V
irg
inia
,U
.S.
Acc
epte
d4
83
5
17
66
Sep
t.1
3–
15
St.
Ch
rist
ova
l,M
on
tser
rat
Rej
ecte
d4
93
6In
corr
ect
dat
es
1766
Sep
t.21
St.
Eust
atiu
s,T
ort
uga
Acc
epte
d49
36
Dat
eis
corr
ect
only
for
Tort
uga
17
66
Oct
.6
Do
min
ica,
St.
Eu
stat
ius,
Gu
adel
ou
pe
Acc
epte
d5
03
7
17
66
Oct
.2
2P
ensa
cola
Acc
epte
d5
13
8
17
68
Au
g.1
2G
ren
ada
Rej
ecte
d5
2M
is-d
ated
;h
app
ened
on
10
Au
gu
st
17
68
Oct
.1
5C
ub
aA
ccep
ted
53
39
17
69
Oct
.2
5C
ub
a(H
avan
a)R
ejec
ted
53
Co
nfu
sed
wit
h1
5O
cto
ber
sto
rm
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETHT
AB
LE
I
(Con
tinu
ed)
Can
did
ate
Acc
epte
d
sto
rmst
orm
Yea
rD
ate
Lo
cali
ties
Sta
tus
Nu
mb
erN
um
ber
Rea
son
for
reje
cted
stat
us
17
69
Au
g.3
0W
est
of
Flo
rid
aR
ejec
ted
54
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
ks
17
69
Oct
.2
9E
ast
of
Flo
rid
aR
ejec
ted
55
No
evid
ence
inn
ewsp
aper
s
17
70
Jun
e6
.C
har
lest
on
Acc
epte
d5
64
0
17
71
Au
g.
St.
Eu
stat
ius
Rej
ecte
d5
7N
oev
iden
cein
log
bo
ok
s
17
72
Au
g.4
St.
Do
min
go
Acc
epte
d5
84
1
17
72
Au
g.1
6C
ub
a?
(St.
Jag
o)
Rej
ecte
d5
9In
corr
ect
dat
e
17
72
Au
g.1
7A
nti
gu
aR
ejec
ted
60
Gar
ble
of
corr
ect
27
–2
8A
ug
ust
dat
e
17
72
Au
g.2
8P
ort
oR
ico
,Ja
mai
caR
ejec
ted
60
42
Pu
erto
Ric
ois
Au
g.3
1;
no
sto
rmat
Jam
aica
17
72
Au
g.3
1L
eew
ard
and
Vir
gin
Isla
nd
s,A
nti
gu
aA
ccep
ted
60
42
17
72
Sep
t.1
–4
Do
min
ica,
St.
Do
min
go
Rej
ecte
d6
04
2B
add
ates
;d
etai
lsar
efo
rab
ove
sto
rm
17
72
Nov.
22
St.
Ch
rist
op
her
,S
t.E
ust
atiu
sR
ejec
ted
61
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
ks
or
new
spap
ers
17
73
July
St.
Th
om
as,C
ub
aA
ccep
ted
62
43
No
evid
ence
for
St.
Th
om
as
17
73
Au
g.
Bo
sto
nR
ejec
ted
63
No
evid
ence
inn
ewsp
aper
s
17
74
Sep
t.6
Gu
adel
ou
pe
Rej
ecte
d6
4In
corr
ect
yea
r
17
74
Oct
.2
Jam
aica
Rej
ecte
d6
5N
oev
iden
cein
Th
istl
ewo
od
MS
wea
ther
reco
rd
17
75
July
30
St.
Cro
ix,M
arti
niq
ue
Acc
epte
d6
64
4
17
75
Au
g.2
5M
arti
niq
ue
Acc
epte
d6
74
5
17
75
Au
g.2
7S
t.D
om
ing
oA
ccep
ted
67
45
17
75
Sep
t.1
4C
ub
a,S
t.D
om
ing
oR
ejec
ted
68
Gar
ble
dac
cou
nt
17
75
Oct
.1
6S
t.C
hri
sto
ph
erA
ccep
ted
69
46
17
76
Sep
t.4
An
tig
ua,
Mar
tin
iqu
e,G
uad
elo
up
eA
ccep
ted
64
47
17
76
Sep
t.5
,6
Mar
tin
iqu
e.G
uad
elo
up
e,S
t.K
itts
Acc
epte
d6
44
7
17
78
Oct
.2
8C
ub
aR
ejec
ted
70
Inco
rrec
ty
ear
–o
ccu
rred
on
Oct
.2
8,
17
77
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EI
(Con
tinu
ed)
Can
did
ate
Acc
epte
d
sto
rmst
orm
Yea
rD
ate
Lo
cali
ties
Sta
tus
Nu
mb
erN
um
ber
Rea
son
for
reje
cted
stat
us
17
79
no
dat
eN
ewO
rlea
ns
Acc
epte
d7
14
8
17
80
Au
g.2
4N
ewO
rlea
ns
Acc
epte
d7
24
9
17
80
Au
g.2
5S
t.K
itts
Acc
epte
d7
35
0
17
80
Oct
.3
–1
2Ja
mai
ca,C
ub
a,M
arti
niq
ue,
Bar
bad
os
Acc
epte
d7
45
1C
on
fusi
on
of
3O
ctan
d1
0–
12
Oct
sto
rms
17
80
Oct
.1
0–
18
Bar
bad
os,
Do
min
ica,
An
tig
ua,
To
bag
o,
Gre
nad
a,S
t.V
ince
nt,
St.
Do
min
go
Acc
epte
d7
55
2E
nd
ing
dat
eis
inco
rrec
tfo
rsp
ecifi
edis
lan
ds
17
80
Oct
.1
6C
ub
aA
ccep
ted
76
53
17
80
Oct
.3
1B
arb
ado
sR
ejec
ted
77
Gar
ble
dd
ate
17
81
Mar
.1
5W
est
Ind
ies
Rej
ecte
d7
8N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
17
81
Au
g.1
Jam
aica
Acc
epte
d7
95
4
17
81
Au
g.1
0N
ort
hC
aro
lin
a,U
.S.
Acc
epte
d8
05
5
17
81
Sep
t.5
St.
Do
min
go
Acc
epte
d8
15
6
17
82
Ap
r.1
2N
ort
hA
tlan
tic
Rej
ecte
d8
2N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
17
82
July
.2
5L
at4
33
3N
lon
g.4
22
0W
Rej
ecte
d8
3In
corr
ect
dat
e–
occ
urr
edo
nA
ug
.2
5
17
82
July
.3
1K
ing
sto
n(J
amai
ca)
Rej
ecte
d7
9N
oev
iden
cein
Jam
aica
nn
ewsp
aper
s
17
82
Au
g.1
Jam
aica
Rej
ecte
d7
9N
oev
iden
cein
Jam
aica
nn
ewsp
aper
s
17
82
Sep
t.1
6N
ort
hA
tlan
tic
Acc
epte
d8
45
7
17
84
Mar
ch8
Cu
ba
Rej
ecte
d8
5N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
17
84
July
10
Jam
aica
Rej
ecte
d8
6N
oev
iden
cein
Jam
aica
nn
ewsp
aper
s
17
84
July
30
Jam
aica
,S
t.D
om
ing
oA
ccep
ted
86
58
17
85
July
6W
est
Ind
ies
Rej
ecte
d8
7G
arb
led
refe
ren
ce;
inco
rrec
ty
ear
and
dat
e
17
85
July
25
St.
Cro
ixR
ejec
ted
88
Gar
ble
dd
ate
–is
Au
gu
stst
orm
17
85
Au
g.2
5G
uad
elo
up
eA
ccep
ted
88
59
17
85
Au
g.2
7Ja
mai
caA
ccep
ted
88
59
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETHT
AB
LE
I
(Con
tinu
ed)
Can
did
ate
Acc
epte
d
sto
rmst
orm
Yea
rD
ate
Lo
cali
ties
Sta
tus
Nu
mb
erN
um
ber
Rea
son
for
reje
cted
stat
us
17
85
Au
g.3
1G
uad
elo
up
e,B
arb
ado
s,S
t.D
om
ing
oR
ejec
ted
88
Gar
ble
dd
ate
–is
Au
gu
stst
orm
17
85
Sep
t.2
2–
24
Car
oli
na,
Vir
gin
ia,U
.S.
Acc
epte
d8
96
0
17
85
Sep
t.2
7S
t.D
om
ing
oR
ejec
ted
88
Gar
ble
dd
ate
–is
Au
gu
stst
orm
17
86
Au
g.1
1S
t.D
om
ing
o,S
t.E
ust
atiu
s,B
arb
ado
sR
ejec
ted
90
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
ks
17
86
Au
g.2
9U
nit
edS
tate
sA
ccep
ted
91
61
17
86
Sep
t.2
Bar
bad
os
Acc
epte
d9
26
2
1786
Sep
t.10
Guad
eloupe
Rej
ecte
d93
No
evid
ence
inlo
gbooks;
gar
ble
dre
fere
nce
17
86
Oct
.5
Bar
bad
os,
Gre
nad
aR
ejec
ted
92
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
ks
17
86
Oct
.2
0Ja
mai
caA
ccep
ted
94
63
17
87
Ap
ril
Un
ited
Sta
tes,
Ber
mu
da
Rej
ecte
d9
5N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
17
87
July
30
.U
nit
edS
tate
sR
ejec
ted
96
No
evid
ence
inn
ewsp
aper
s
17
87
July
Gu
adel
ou
pe,
Fre
nch
Isla
nd
sR
ejec
ted
97
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
ks
17
87
Au
g.3
Do
min
ica
Acc
epte
d9
76
4
17
87
Au
g.1
5F
lori
da
Acc
epte
d9
86
5
17
87
Au
g.2
3D
om
inic
aA
ccep
ted
99
66
17
87
Au
g.2
9D
om
inic
aA
ccep
ted
10
06
7
17
87
Sep
t.2
Ho
nd
ura
sA
ccep
ted
10
06
7
17
87
Sep
t.1
9U
nit
edS
tate
sR
ejec
ted
10
1N
oev
iden
cein
new
spap
ers
17
87
Sep
t.2
3B
eliz
eA
ccep
ted
10
26
8
17
87
Dec
.1
Wes
tIn
die
sR
ejec
ted
10
3N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
17
87
Jan
.1
Ho
nd
ura
sR
ejec
ted
10
4N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
17
88
Mar
.&
Ap
r.S
t.C
roix
Rej
ecte
d1
05
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
17
88
July
22
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Acc
epte
d1
06
69
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EI
(Con
tinu
ed)
Can
did
ate
Acc
epte
d
sto
rmst
orm
Yea
rD
ate
Lo
cali
ties
Sta
tus
Nu
mb
erN
um
ber
Rea
son
for
reje
cted
stat
us
17
88
Au
g.1
4M
arti
niq
ue
Acc
epte
d1
07
70
17
88
Au
g.1
6P
ort
oR
ico
,S
t.D
om
ing
oA
ccep
ted
10
77
0
17
88
Au
g.1
9U
nit
edS
tate
sA
ccep
ted
10
87
1
17
88
Au
g.2
9D
om
inic
aR
ejec
ted
10
0In
corr
ect
yea
r
17
88
Sep
t.1
9,
20
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Acc
epte
d1
09
72
17
90
Au
g.
Nev
isR
ejec
ted
11
0R
epo
rtis
actu
ally
for
To
bag
o
17
90
July
31
Jam
aica
Rej
ecte
d1
11
No
evid
ence
inJa
mai
can
new
spap
ers
17
91
Jun
e2
1C
ub
aA
ccep
ted
11
27
3
17
91
Sep
t.2
7C
ub
aA
ccep
ted
11
37
4
17
92
July
15
Wes
tIn
die
sA
ccep
ted
11
47
5
17
92
Au
g.1
An
tig
ua
Acc
epte
d1
15
76
17
92
Au
g.6
Ber
mu
das
,U
.S.
Acc
epte
d1
15
76
17
92
Sep
t.1
0A
nti
gu
aR
ejec
ted
11
6N
oev
iden
cein
log
bo
ok
s
17
92
Oct
.2
9C
ub
aA
ccep
ted
11
77
7
17
93
Au
g.1
2S
t.C
hri
stova
l,S
t.E
ust
atiu
s,S
t.T
ho
mas
Acc
epte
d1
18
78
17
94
Au
g.2
7,
28
Cu
ba
Acc
epte
d1
19
79
17
95
Au
g.1
0Ja
mai
caR
ejec
ted
12
0N
ost
orm
atJa
mai
ca
17
95
Au
g.1
8A
nti
gu
aA
ccep
ted
12
18
0
17
96
Oct
.3
Bah
amas
Acc
epte
d1
22
81
1796
Oct
.24
Cuba
Rej
ecte
d122
Pro
bab
legar
ble
of
“2–4”
Oct
ober
17
96
Nov.
2C
ub
aR
ejec
ted
12
2N
ost
orm
–h
app
ened
2O
ct.
17
99
no
dat
eC
ub
aA
ccep
ted
12
38
2P
rob
able
Jun
est
orm
18
00
Nov.
2C
ub
aA
ccep
ted
12
48
3
18
01
July
22
Nas
sau
Acc
epte
d1
25
84
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETHT
AB
LE
I
(Con
tinu
ed)
Can
did
ate
Acc
epte
d
sto
rmst
orm
Yea
rD
ate
Lo
cali
ties
Sta
tus
Nu
mb
erN
um
ber
Rea
son
for
reje
cted
stat
us
18
02
Feb
.2
1–
23
Ch
arle
sto
nto
Nova
Sco
tia
Rej
ecte
d1
26
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
18
02
Sep
t.1
6C
um
ana
Rej
ecte
d1
27
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
kd
ata
18
03
July
10
Bah
amas
Rej
ecte
d1
28
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
kd
ata
18
04
Au
g.2
9Ja
mai
caR
ejec
ted
12
9N
oev
iden
cefo
un
d
18
04
Sep
t.3
–9
Mar
tin
iqu
e.C
arib
bea
nIs
lan
ds,
U.S
.A
ccep
ted
13
08
5
18
04
Sep
t.3
–9
Win
dw
ard
Isle
sA
ccep
ted
13
08
5
18
04
Sep
t.3
–6
Lee
war
dIs
lan
ds
Acc
epte
d1
30
85
18
04
Sep
t.2
2Ja
mai
ca,L
at2
01
8N
Acc
epte
d1
31
86
18
04
Oct
.4
Sav
ann
a,G
eorg
iaR
ejec
ted
13
0G
arb
led
dat
e–
Sep
tem
ber
sto
rm
18
04
Oct
.9
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Rej
ecte
d1
30
Co
nfu
sed
wit
hS
epte
mb
erst
orm
18
05
July
27
Jam
aica
Rej
ecte
d1
32
No
evid
ence
fou
nd
18
05
July
29
Lat
.2
61
7lo
ng
.5
74
2,
no
rth
of
Bar
bad
os
Acc
epte
d1
33
87
18
06
Au
g.3
0B
aham
as,E
leu
ther
aA
ccep
ted
13
48
8
18
06
Sep
t.9
Do
min
ica
Acc
epte
d1
35
89
18
06
Sep
t.2
4D
om
inic
aR
ejec
ted
13
6N
oev
iden
cein
new
spap
ers
or
log
bo
ok
s
18
06
Sep
t.2
7W
est
Ind
ies
Rej
ecte
d1
37
No
evid
ence
inn
ewsp
aper
so
rlo
gb
oo
ks
18
06
Oct
.5
Bah
amas
Acc
epte
d1
38
90
18
06
Oct
.2
7B
aham
asR
ejec
ted
13
9N
oev
iden
cein
log
bo
ok
s
18
07
July
25
–2
8S
t.C
hri
stova
l,M
on
tser
rat
Rej
ecte
d1
40
July
25
on
ly;
St.
Ch
rist
op
her
,n
ot
St.
Ch
rist
ova
l
18
07
Sep
t.5
Cu
ba
Acc
epte
d1
41
91
18
09
July
27
Do
min
ica,
Gu
adel
ou
pe
Rej
ecte
d1
42
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
ks
18
09
Au
g.1
–3
Do
min
ica.
Gu
adel
ou
pe
Acc
epte
d1
42
92
18
09
Sep
t.2
Gu
adel
ou
pe,
Po
rto
Ric
oR
ejec
ted
14
3N
oev
iden
cein
log
bo
ok
s
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EI
(Con
tinu
ed)
Can
did
ate
Acc
epte
d
sto
rmst
orm
Yea
rD
ate
Lo
cali
ties
Sta
tus
Nu
mb
erN
um
ber
Rea
son
for
reje
cted
stat
us
18
09
Oct
.1
3M
arti
niq
ue
Acc
epte
d1
44
93
18
09
Oct
.1
8T
rin
idad
Rej
ecte
d1
44
Act
ual
lyT
rin
idad
de
Cu
ba
18
10
Au
g.1
2T
rin
idad
,B
arb
ado
sA
ccep
ted
14
59
4
18
10
Au
g.2
8B
arb
ado
sR
ejec
ted
14
6N
oev
iden
cein
Bar
bad
os
new
spap
er
18
10
Sep
t.2
8C
ub
aA
ccep
ted
14
79
5
18
10
Oct
.2
5,
26
Cu
ba
Acc
epte
d1
48
96
18
12
Au
g.1
4Ja
mai
caA
ccep
ted
14
99
7
18
12
Au
g.1
9N
ewO
rlea
ns
Acc
epte
d1
49
97
18
12
Oct
.1
2Ja
mai
caA
ccep
ted
15
09
8
18
12
Oct
.1
4Ja
mai
caA
ccep
ted
15
09
8
18
12
Oct
.1
4T
rin
idad
inC
ub
aA
ccep
ted
15
09
8
1813
July
20
Ber
muda
Rej
ecte
d151
Inco
rrec
tdat
e;gar
ble
dlo
cati
on
18
13
July
26
Bar
bad
os
Acc
epte
d1
51
99
18
13
July
22
,2
3D
om
inic
a,M
arti
niq
ue,
St.
Ch
rist
ova
l
Acc
epte
d1
51
99
18
13
July
26
Ber
mu
da,
Bah
amas
Rej
ecte
d1
51
Inco
rrec
td
ate
for
bo
thlo
cati
on
s
18
13
July
31
Jam
aica
Acc
epte
d1
52
10
0
18
13
Au
g.1
Jam
aica
Acc
epte
d1
52
10
0
18
13
Au
g.5
–9
N.
Atl
anti
c,la
t.4
1A
ccep
ted
15
21
00
18
13
Au
g.2
5D
om
inic
aA
ccep
ted
15
31
01
18
13
Nov.
19
Nova
Sco
tia
Rej
ecte
d1
54
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
18
13
no
dat
eB
eliz
eR
ejec
ted
15
2S
ou
rce
wri
tten
29
yea
rsaf
ter
sup
po
sed
sto
rm
18
15
Au
g.9
Gu
lfS
trea
m,la
t.4
0lo
ng
.6
0A
ccep
ted
15
51
02
18
15
Au
g.3
1to
Sep
t.1
N.
Atl
anti
c,la
t.3
9lo
ng
.5
6,
Bar
tho
lom
ew
Rej
ecte
d156
Inco
rrec
tdat
e;gar
ble
dlo
cati
ons
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETHT
AB
LE
I
(Con
tinu
ed)
Can
did
ate
Acc
epte
d
sto
rmst
orm
Yea
rD
ate
Lo
cali
ties
Sta
tus
Nu
mb
erN
um
ber
Rea
son
for
reje
cted
stat
us
18
15
Sep
t.1
8–
23
St.
Bar
tho
lom
ewA
ccep
ted
15
71
03
18
15
Sep
t.2
0T
urk
’sIs
lan
dA
ccep
ted
15
81
03
18
15
Sep
t.2
9B
arb
ado
sR
ejec
ted
15
8N
oev
iden
cein
Bar
bad
os
new
spap
er
18
15
Oct
.1
8Ja
mai
caA
ccep
ted
15
91
04
18
16
Sep
t.1
5B
arb
ado
s,M
arti
niq
ue,
Do
min
ica
Acc
epte
d1
60
10
5
18
16
Oct
.1
6D
om
inic
a,M
arti
niq
ue
Rej
ecte
d1
60
Co
nfu
sed
wit
hS
epte
mb
erst
orm
18
17
Sep
t.1
5D
om
inic
aR
ejec
ted
16
0Y
ear
inco
rrec
t;sh
ou
ldb
e1
81
6
18
17
Oct
.2
1S
mal
lis
lan
ds,
St.
Vin
cen
tA
ccep
ted
16
11
06
18
17
Oct
.2
3B
arb
ado
s,S
t.L
uci
a,M
arti
niq
ue
Rej
ecte
d1
61
Dat
ein
corr
ect
18
18
Au
g.2
8B
erm
ud
aR
ejec
ted
16
2In
corr
ect
dat
e
18
18
Sep
t.1
0–
12
Cay
man
Isle
s,C
amp
ech
eA
ccep
ted
16
31
07
18
18
Sep
t.1
9S
t.D
om
ing
oR
ejec
ted
16
4In
corr
ect
dat
eo
fS
ept.
26
sto
rm
18
18
Sep
t.2
1B
arb
ado
s,D
om
inic
aA
ccep
ted
16
41
08
18
18
Sep
t.2
2–
25
An
tig
ua
Acc
epte
d1
64
10
8
18
18
Sep
t.2
7–
30
Bar
bad
os
Rej
ecte
d1
64
No
evid
ence
inB
arb
ado
sn
ewsp
aper
18
18
Oct
.7
Po
rtR
oy
al(J
amai
ca)
Rej
ecte
d1
65
No
evid
ence
inJa
mai
can
new
spap
ers
18
18
Oct
.2
1S
t.L
uci
aR
ejec
ted
16
1N
oev
iden
cein
new
spap
ers
18
18
Nov.
17
–2
0Ja
mai
ca(C
orn
wal
lC
ou
nty
)A
ccep
ted
16
61
09
18
19
Au
g.2
5D
om
inic
aR
ejec
ted
16
7N
oev
iden
cein
new
spap
ers
18
19
Sep
t.2
1,
22
St.
Lu
cia,
Bar
bad
os,
Vir
gin
Isla
nd
s,P
ort
oR
ico
Acc
epte
d1
68
11
0
18
19
Oct
.1
3–
15
Bar
bad
os,
St.
Lu
cia
Acc
epte
d1
69
11
1
18
19
no
dat
eC
ub
aA
ccep
ted
17
01
12
18
21
Sep
t.1
Gu
adel
ou
pe
Acc
epte
d1
71
11
3
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EI
(Con
tinu
ed)
Can
did
ate
Acc
epte
d
sto
rmst
orm
Yea
rD
ate
Lo
cali
ties
Sta
tus
Nu
mb
erN
um
ber
Rea
son
for
reje
cted
stat
us
18
21
Sep
t.1
Tu
rk’s
Isla
nd
toL
on
gIs
lan
d,U
.S.
Acc
epte
d1
71
11
4
18
21
Sep
t.9
An
tig
ua,
St.
Bar
tho
lom
ewA
ccep
ted
17
21
15
18
21
Sep
t.2
3N
ewH
aven
,U
.S.
Rej
ecte
d1
57
Co
nfu
sed
wit
h1
81
5st
orm
18
21
no
dat
eC
ub
aA
ccep
ted
17
21
15
18
22
Mar
.1
1Ja
mai
caR
ejec
ted
17
3N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
22
July
11
Mo
bil
e,U
.S.
Rej
ecte
d1
74
Inco
rrec
td
ate
18
22
Dec
.1
8B
arb
ado
sA
ccep
ted
17
51
16
18
24
July
26
Wes
tIn
die
sR
ejec
ted
17
6In
corr
ect
yea
r
18
24
Sep
t.7
,8
Gu
adel
ou
pe
Acc
epte
d1
77
11
7
18
25
July
25
Do
min
ica,
Mar
tin
iqu
e,G
uad
elo
up
eA
ccep
ted
17
61
18
18
25
Oct
.1
Cu
ba
Acc
epte
d1
78
11
9
18
26
Au
g.1
8A
nti
lles
Rej
ecte
d1
79
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
ks
or
new
spap
ers
18
26
Nov.
6–
9A
tlan
tic,
Ten
erif
eR
ejec
ted
18
0N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
26
no
dat
eC
ub
aA
ccep
ted
18
11
20
18
27
July
30
No
rth
Car
oli
na
Rej
ecte
d1
82
No
evid
ence
inn
ewsp
aper
s
18
27
Au
g.1
7–
28
Win
dw
ard
Isla
nd
sto
the
Po
rpo
ise
Ban
k,U
.S.
Acc
epte
d1
83
12
1
18
27
Au
g.2
8S
t.T
ho
mas
,V
irg
inIs
lan
ds
Acc
epte
d1
84
12
2
18
27
Sep
t.7
,8
N.
Atl
anti
cA
ccep
ted
18
51
23
18
27
Oct
.1
1B
aham
asR
ejec
ted
18
6N
oev
iden
cein
Bah
amas
new
spap
ers
18
27
no
dat
eB
eliz
eR
ejec
ted
18
7N
oev
iden
cefo
un
d
18
28
Mar
.1
5G
ulf
of
Mex
ico
Rej
ecte
d1
88
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
18
28
Sep
t.1
9N
.A
tlan
tic,
NW
of
Ber
mu
da
Acc
epte
d1
89
12
4
18
29
July
24
Bo
sto
n,U
.S.
Rej
ecte
d1
90
No
evid
ence
inn
ewsp
aper
s
18
30
Ap
r.2
4,
25
Ver
aC
ruz
Rej
ecte
d1
91
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EI
(Con
tinu
ed)
Can
did
ate
Acc
epte
d
sto
rmst
orm
Yea
rD
ate
Lo
cali
ties
Sta
tus
Nu
mb
erN
um
ber
Rea
son
for
reje
cted
stat
us
18
30
Au
g.7
Jam
aica
Acc
epte
d1
92
12
5
18
30
Au
g.1
1–
18
Do
min
ica,
St.
Th
om
as,B
arb
ado
sA
ccep
ted
19
31
26
18
30
Au
g.1
9–
24
Mar
tin
iqu
e,U
.S.
Acc
epte
d1
94
12
7
18
30
Au
g.2
2–
26
Tu
rk’s
Isla
nd
,N
.o
fth
eB
aham
asA
ccep
ted
19
41
27
18
30
Sep
t.2
9C
arib
bea
nis
lan
ds,
N.
sid
eA
ccep
ted
19
51
28
18
30
Dec
.5
,6
Am
eric
anC
oas
tfr
om
the
lat.
of
30
NR
ejec
ted
19
6N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
31
Ap
ril
27
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Rej
ecte
d1
97
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
18
31
no
dat
eB
eliz
eA
ccep
ted
19
81
29
18
31
Jan
.1
3–
15
Flo
rid
aS
trea
mR
ejec
ted
19
9N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
31
Jun
e1
0F
lori
da
Acc
epte
d2
00
13
0
18
31
Jun
e2
3–
27
Tri
nid
ad,T
ob
ago
,A
nti
gu
a,G
ren
ada
Acc
epte
d1
98
12
9
18
31
Au
g.1
0–
17
Bar
bad
os,
Cu
ba
Acc
epte
d2
01
13
1
18
32
Jun
e3
–6
Cu
ba,
Bah
amas
,B
erm
ud
aA
ccep
ted
20
21
32
18
32
Au
g.7
Jam
aica
Rej
ecte
d1
92
Inco
rrec
ty
ear
18
33
Au
g.1
4G
uad
elo
up
e,A
nti
gu
a,B
erm
ud
aA
ccep
ted
20
31
33
18
33
Sep
t.2
0D
om
inic
aR
ejec
ted
20
4In
corr
ect
yea
r
18
33
Oct
.1
6–
19
Cu
ba,
Gu
lfo
fM
exic
oA
ccep
ted
20
51
34
Ap
par
entl
yn
on
-tro
pic
alin
Gu
lfo
fM
exic
o
18
34
Sep
t.2
0D
om
inic
aA
ccep
ted
20
61
35
18
34
Oct
.2
0,
21
Mar
tin
iqu
eR
ejec
ted
20
6In
corr
ect
mo
nth
18
35
Ap
ril
28
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Co
ast
Rej
ecte
d2
06
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
18
35
July
26
Bar
bad
os
Rej
ecte
d2
07
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
ks
18
35
Au
g.1
2–
18
An
tig
ua,
Cu
ba,
Gal
ves
ton
Bay
Acc
epte
d2
08
13
6
18
35
Sep
t.3
Bar
bad
os
Acc
epte
d2
09
13
7
18
35
Sep
t.1
3M
atam
oro
s,G
ulf
of
Mex
ico
Rej
ecte
d2
08
Inco
rrec
tm
on
th
18
35
Nov.
10
Red
fiel
d’s
Ch
art
XI
Rej
ecte
d2
10
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em (Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EI
(Con
tinu
ed)
Can
did
ate
Acc
epte
d
sto
rmst
orm
Yea
rD
ate
Lo
cali
ties
Sta
tus
Nu
mb
erN
um
ber
Rea
son
for
reje
cted
stat
us
18
36
Nov.
30
toD
ec.2
1U
nit
edS
tate
s,N
ova
Sco
tia
Rej
ecte
d2
11
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
18
37
July
9B
arb
ado
s,S
t.L
uci
aA
ccep
ted
21
21
38
18
37
July
26
Bar
bad
os,
Cu
ba,
Mar
tin
iqu
eA
ccep
ted
21
31
39
18
37
July
31
An
tig
ua,
St.
Th
om
asR
ejec
ted
21
4In
corr
ect
dat
es
18
37
Au
g.2
–4
An
tig
ua,
St.
Th
om
as,B
arbu
da
Acc
epte
d2
14
14
0
18
37
Au
g.6
Lit
tle
An
till
esR
ejec
ted
21
2In
corr
ect
dat
es
18
37
Au
g.1
2N
Eo
fth
eC
arib
bea
nIs
lan
ds
Acc
epte
d2
15
14
1
18
37
Au
g.1
8–
21
Lat
30
45
Nlo
ng
77
27
WA
ccep
ted
21
51
41
18
37
Au
g.1
2–
23
Tu
rk’s
Isla
nd
Acc
epte
d2
15
14
1
18
37
Au
g.3
1S
t.M
ark
Acc
epte
d2
16
14
2
18
37
Au
g.3
1to
Sep
t.3
Ap
alac
hic
ola
,U
.S.
Acc
epte
d2
16
14
2
18
37
Sep
t.2
7to
Oct
.1
0G
ulf
of
Mex
ico
Acc
epte
d2
17
14
3
18
37
Oct
.1
–3
Yu
cata
nC
han
nel
into
the
Sea
of
Mex
ico
Acc
epte
d2
17
14
3
18
37
Oct
.2
6C
ub
aA
ccep
ted
21
81
44
18
38
Sep
t.1
0B
aham
asA
ccep
ted
21
91
45
18
38
Nov.
1V
era
Cru
zR
ejec
ted
22
0N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
38
Nov.
26
Ver
aC
ruz
Rej
ecte
d2
21
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
18
38
Nov.
26
–2
8A
tlan
tic,
Eu
rop
ean
sid
eR
ejec
ted
22
2N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
39
Jun
e9
An
tig
ua
Rej
ecte
d2
23
Lo
cal
Th
un
der
sto
rm
18
39
Sep
t.8
–1
4B
erm
ud
aA
ccep
ted
22
41
46
18
39
Nov.
5G
alves
ton
,n
ear
St.
Lo
uis
Isla
nd
,R
ejec
ted
22
5N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
Gu
lfo
fM
exic
o
18
39
Dec
.1
3–
17
Un
ited
Sta
tes,
No
rth
Atl
anti
cR
ejec
ted
22
6N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
40
May
23
Mad
eira
Rej
ecte
d2
27
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EI
(Con
tinu
ed)
Can
did
ate
Acc
epte
d
sto
rmst
orm
Yea
rD
ate
Lo
cali
ties
Sta
tus
Nu
mb
erN
um
ber
Rea
son
for
reje
cted
stat
us
18
40
Sep
t.1
6P
ort
oR
ico
Rej
ecte
d2
28
Inco
rrec
td
ate
–Ju
lyst
orm
18
41
Oct
.3
–6
Nan
tuck
et,
U.S
.A
ccep
ted
22
91
47
18
41
Oct
.6
Bar
bad
os,
St.
Lu
cia
Acc
epte
d2
30
14
8
18
41
Oct
.2
1–
28
Ber
mu
da
Rej
ecte
d2
31
Sto
rmli
mit
edto
21
Oct
ob
er
18
41
Nov.
28
Cu
ba
Rej
ecte
d2
32
Sto
rmw
asO
cto
ber
28
18
42
July
12
Acr
aco
ke,
Cap
eH
atte
ras,
U.S
.A
ccep
ted
23
31
49
18
42
Au
g.3
0to
Sep
t.9
Atl
anti
cto
the
sho
res
of
Mex
ico
Acc
epte
d2
34
15
0R
edfi
eld
’sT
rack
XII
18
42
Sep
t.4
Cu
ba
Acc
epte
d2
34
15
0
18
42
Oct
.2
–1
0B
erm
ud
aA
ccep
ted
23
51
51
18
42
Oct
.2
4–
29
Mad
eira
Acc
epte
d2
36
15
2
18
42
Nov.
3L
at3
64
0lo
ng
61
Rej
ecte
d2
37
Ex
trat
rop
ical
18
43
Oct
.1
3F
lori
da
Rej
ecte
d2
38
No
evid
ence
inn
ewsp
aper
s
18
44
Feb
.2
2M
arti
niq
ue
Rej
ecte
d2
39
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
18
44
May
12
Lat
37
47
Nlo
ng
65
22
WR
ejec
ted
24
0N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
44
Oct
.3
–6
Cu
ba
Acc
epte
d2
41
15
3
18
45
Oct
.1
2F
lori
da
Ch
ann
elR
ejec
ted
24
2N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
45
Oct
.2
2B
erm
ud
aR
ejec
ted
24
3N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
45
Oct
.2
7B
erm
ud
a,E
.si
de
Acc
epte
d2
44
15
4
18
45
Nov.
9B
erm
ud
aR
ejec
ted
24
5N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
46
Sep
t.1
1–
21
Bar
bad
os,
Gu
adel
ou
pe,
An
tig
ua
Acc
epte
d2
46
15
5
18
46
Oct
.6
–1
8C
ub
a,U
nit
edS
tate
sA
ccep
ted
24
71
56
18
46
Dec
.9
Rej
ecte
d2
48
No
loca
tio
ng
iven
18
47
Feb
.2
1A
tlan
tic
Rej
ecte
d2
49
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
18
47
Oct
.1
0T
ob
ago
,T
rin
idad
Acc
epte
d2
50
15
7
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONEST
AB
LE
I
(Con
tinu
ed)
Can
did
ate
Acc
epte
d
sto
rmst
orm
Yea
rD
ate
Lo
cali
ties
Sta
tus
Nu
mb
erN
um
ber
Rea
son
for
reje
cted
stat
us
18
48
Au
g.2
2to
Sep
t.3
An
tig
ua
Acc
epte
d2
51
15
8R
efer
ence
sR
edfi
eld
’sT
rack
XX
I
18
48
Sep
t.1
9B
arb
ado
s,S
t.C
hri
sto
ph
erA
ccep
ted
25
21
59
18
48
Dec
.1
6A
tlan
tic
Rej
ecte
d2
53
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
18
49
Mar
ch2
7L
at.
48
Nlo
ng
.2
0W
Rej
ecte
d2
54
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
18
50
Mar
ch3
0N
assa
uR
ejec
ted
25
5N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
50
July
14
–1
6S
ou
thw
ard
and
Wes
twar
dIs
les
Rej
ecte
d2
56
Lo
cati
on
un
cert
ain
18
50
Au
g.2
1C
ub
aA
ccep
ted
25
71
60
18
50
Sep
t.2
St.
Nic
ho
las,
Cap
eV
erd
eIs
lan
ds
Acc
epte
d2
58
16
1
18
50
Oct
.1
4L
at.
24
59
N,lo
ng
.4
71
0W
Acc
epte
d2
59
16
2P
rob
ably
sam
eas
bel
ow.
18
50
Oct
.1
8L
at.
25
58
N,lo
ng
.4
11
9W
Acc
epte
d2
59
16
2P
rob
ably
sam
eas
above.
18
51
Au
g.1
6–
22
St.
Mar
k,F
lori
da,
St.
Ch
rist
op
her
,A
ccep
ted
26
01
63
St.
Th
om
as,C
ub
a
18
51
July
10
Bar
bad
os,
St.
Do
min
go
,S
t.C
hri
sto
ph
erR
ejec
ted
25
6N
oev
iden
cein
new
spap
ers
18
52
Jan
.1
2V
era
Cru
zR
ejec
ted
26
1N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
52
Sep
t.2
2–
26
St.
Ch
rist
op
her
,S
t.E
ust
atiu
s,P
ort
oR
ico
Acc
epte
d2
62
16
4
18
52
Oct
.9
St.
Mar
k,F
lori
da
Acc
epte
d2
63
16
5
18
53
Au
g.3
0,
Sep
t.1
1C
ape
Ver
de,
Hat
tera
s,U
.S.
Acc
epte
d2
64
16
6
18
53
Sep
t.2
7to
Oct
.1
0L
at3
51
9,
lon
g.5
63
6A
ccep
ted
26
51
67
18
53
Sep
t.2
8L
at1
5N
lon
g.3
45
0W
Acc
epte
d2
66
16
8
18
54
Oct
.2
1B
erm
ud
aA
ccep
ted
26
71
69
18
55
Jan
.2
0B
alti
mo
reto
Hal
ifax
,U
.S.
Rej
ecte
d2
68
No
n-t
rop
ical
syst
em
18
55
Feb
.1
0B
erm
ud
aR
ejec
ted
26
9N
on
-tro
pic
alsy
stem
18
55
May
24
Tre
law
ny
(sic
)R
ejec
ted
27
0N
oin
form
atio
nfo
un
din
cite
dre
fere
nce
18
55
Au
g.2
5,
26
Mar
tin
iqu
e,S
t.D
om
ing
oA
ccep
ted
27
11
70
M. CHENOWETH
Jamaica). Some entries are rejected because precisely dated primary sources showno evidence for a storm at the cited location.
A number of storm entries in Poey refer to the same storm. The newly gatheredreports allowed a number of entries to be linked, thereby reducing the total numberof storms that were ultimately accepted. Likewise, the number of rejected entriesis actually larger than the actual number of rejected storms, because the year wasincorrect and could be connected with a storm the year before or after on the samedate at the same location as well as multiple misdated, but otherwise identical,storm reports. A good example of this latter error can be found in the listings for1785 (Table I).
Determination of the nature of storms and gales require knowledge of modernsynoptic meteorology. A discussion of these challenges is provided by Rappaportand Fernandez-Partagas (1995) available at the web site http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadly2.shtml. Methods for locating the approximate center of a tropical cy-clone such as that described in Landsea et al. (2004) were used. Criteria for in-clusion in the new final compilation included evidence consistent with a tropicalstorm or hurricane (tropical depressions are not included in this list). The evi-dence for each storm which can be consistently applied throughout the 1700–1855period includes one or more of the following: evidence of a closed surface lowpressure center; gradual wind shifts consistent with the apparent motion of thestorm; sustained gale force or greater winds; description of sea states and coastalstorm surges; barometric pressure (when available and reliable); descriptive ac-counts which are consistent with the features of tropical cyclones (e.g., strong windsqualls interspersed with periods of much lighter winds that are not associatedwith local thunderstorm activity); the taking of action by the crew of a ship in thefurling and reefing of sails, use of anchors, and other protective measures that areconsistent with gale force winds; damage reports on land to natural and man-madestructures that are caused by wind damage and not solely by the action of floodwaters or heavy rains; protective measures taken on land in preparation for whatis believed to be an oncoming tropical cyclone. The last point is to emphasize thedirect eyewitness reactions to the weather that we can only reconstruct from writ-ten records, even if the eyewitnesses were fortunate enough to be by-passed by ananticipated storm. Candidate storms from all months of the year were examined.Most storms in the months of December through May were rejected because theywere determined to be extra-tropical in nature, although powerful and producinghurricane force winds in some instances. A good example of such a rejected stormis the storm of 20 January 1855, which was actually a major winter snowstorm thataffected the eastern coast of the United States. An example of an accepted out-of-season storm is that of December 19–20, 1822, which is copiously documented innewspaper accounts of the Lesser Antilles, and probably originated as an extra-tropical low that moved southward into the region and transformed into a tropicalcyclone.
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TABLE II
Reliability of sources used by Poey to construct his chronology (1700–1855 only)
Ratio of rejected
Authority cited by Poey Rejected Accepted Total to accepted storms
Edwards (1805) 1 17 18 1:17
Southey (1827) 5 30 35 1:6
Warden 3 18 21 1:6
Morreau de Jonnes (1822) 5 29 34 1:5.8
Annual Register (London) 2 11 13 1:5.5
Johnson (1855) 12 54 66 1:4.5
Schomburgk (1848) 20 86 106 1:4.3
Thomson 2 8 10 1:4
Herrera (1847) 6 23 29 1:3.8
Evans (1848) 23 64 87 1:2.8
Cotte (1787) 4 9 13 1:2.3
Redfield (1831–1843) 29 51 80 1:1.7
Tegg’s Chronology (1824) 14 23 37 1:1.7
Perrey 8 14 22 1:1.7
Phillip’s Barbados Almanac 11 7 18 1:0.6
Totals 145 444 589 1:3.1
Only sources providing ten or more reports are included. The most reliable source is at top,
the least reliable at bottom. Later chroniclers frequently used earlier records when building
their chronologies which allows for the propagation of errors forward through time. Poey’s
bibliography entries for Warden, Perrey, Tegg’s Chronology, published in London in 1824 and
Phillip’s Barbados Almanac for 1839 are absent or incomplete and could not be located.
6. Reliability of Early Hurricane Compilers
Table II lists the sources cited by Poey in his compilation and the number ofstorms they included in their accounts that were accepted and rejected based on thenew chronology produced by the author. A ratio of rejected to accepted storms isincluded. Of the 15 sources that provided ten or more separate storms, an averageratio of rejected to accepted storms was 1:3.1. The most prolific source (and user ofprevious accounts) Schomburgk (1848) had 106 entries, 20 of which were rejected,and 86 accepted. His ratio of 1:4.3 is better than average. Edwards (1805) is themost accurate source, with a 1:17 ratio, while four sources (Redfield, Perrey, Tegg,and the Barbados Almanac) have ratios of 1:2 or worse.
That Redfield should be among the least reliable sources is a surprise. Whenconsideration is made for his research purposes, which involved gathering largeamounts of data for all types of storms, both tropical and non-tropical, then the errorrate is understandable. Redfield was trying to determine the nature of storms, andbeing the father of this type of research considerable allowance must be accounted
M. CHENOWETH
for. In addition, Poey chose from the records he was provided by Redfield, whichmay also skew the numbers.
The records produced by Bryan (1805), Warden (1819), Morreau de Jonnes(1822) and Southey (1827) are the most reliable. Apparently, other compilers con-sulted them. They include Schomburgk (1848), Evans (1848) and Johnston (1855).Johnston apparently borrowed from Schomburgk, as the original edition of his phys-ical atlas included 50 hurricanes through 1837, but the 1855 edition included 127hurricanes (Poey, 1855), the exact same number included in Schomburgk’s 1848book. In many instances, the authors do not mention the works they consulted, soit is difficult to determine the source document(s) consulted by the original author.
7. Results
7.1. POEY RECORD
Of the 348 individual entries for the years 1700–1855 in the original Poey record(Table I), 198 were accepted and 149 were rejected. Of the 198 entries, a total of170 unique tropical cyclones were derived, since some entries were for locationsaffected by the same storm. Of the 149 rejected entries, 131 were unique rejectedentries, the excess being due to garbled dating of years, and multiple entries ofbad data for the supposed same storm. So, the original Poey list of 348 storms(1700–1855) actually consisted of only 271 separate storm/non-storm events.
Of the 170 accepted tropical cyclones, 13 were undated in Poey and are nowdated. The entire 156-year period has an average of just over one tropical cycloneper year, or about 10% of the probable average for the period (assuming modernAtlantic basin seasonal totals of 10 tropical cyclones (Pasch et al., 2004) was alsotrue at this time).
7.2. MILL ¬AS RECORD
Until the work of Millas (1968), the sources used by Poey were not criticallyexamined. So, for more than a century many of these errors continued to be carriedforward by historians of the region and meteorologists without much investigationto its accuracy. The original list of Poey was culled of its obvious non-tropical originstorms and several of the storms correctly assumed to be part of the same system byTannehill and his predecessors. As mentioned earlier, the Tannehill (1938) recordcontinues to be used as a reference in most hurricane compilations to this day.Millas makes frequent reference to Tannehill.
Millas (1968) modified the Poey record, even though he also uncritically con-sidered Tannehill, Poey and other compilers as equal authorities. The strength ofMillas’s work was his re-reading of as many of the secondary sources listed in Poey
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
(1855) as he could find, including those in non-English languages. He also em-phasized the calendar differences in the sources he consulted and corrected manylong-standing dates. His reliance on these secondary sources was also a majorlimitation to his efforts as the analysis of primary documents now reveals.
Since Millas made adjustments to the pre-1801 portion of the Poey record, it isof importance to document his adjustments for the years 1700–1800. Twelve stormsaccepted by Millas (1968), and not included in Poey (1855) were confirmed fromindependent sources but a number are undated or misdated. Other storms acceptedby Millas were rejected outright or the date so garbled (even though the source wasvalid) as to be useless. Some of these dating and location errors for 1750–1786 aredocumented in Chenoweth (2003). Table III lists the accepted and rejected Millasstorms. The new assessment of his record is that 85 storms from 1700–1800 areaccepted with 12 not previously known. Ten of the 85 storms were undated ormisdated, limiting their usefulness for climatologists. Between Poey and Millas, atotal of 100 unique storms were recorded, with 16 undated prior to this study andonly one now remaining undated.
7.3. OTHER WORKS AND A A¡ COMPREHENSIVE” CHRONOLOGY
Many storms that pass through the Caribbean eventually make landfall somewherewithin the borders of the United States. Tropical systems documented by Ludlum(1963) were also linked with the new chronology of Caribbean storms and appearin a separate column in Table IV. A number of Ludlum’s storms are undated butnew evidence helps to date the storms exactly, or to narrow the date range down toa narrow range of likely dates.
Since 1982, a number of researchers have gathered new information on pre-viously unknown tropical cyclones. Teachout (1982) identified six new stormsaffecting Bermuda in the 1710s and 1720s. Rappaport and Fernandez-Partagas(1995) identified a number of new storms in both primary and secondary litera-ture. Fernandez-Partagas and Diaz (1995a) cover the final years of the Poey listand added previously unidentified tropical cyclones. Table IV includes only thosestorms included in HURDAT that were known prior to the work of Fernandez-Partagas. For this reason, readers interested in a complete list of Atlantic tropicalcyclones need to consult the HURDAT record as will as Table IV. One new storm inJamaica and the merging of two HURDAT systems are listed in Table IV and havenot yet been added to HURDAT. Other researchers have also added to the record ofU.S. land-falling tropical cyclones (e.g. Sandrik and Landsea, 2003; Mock, 2004).
Two additional columns in Table IV include the work by Mock (2004) on SouthCarolina tropical cyclones. His work is based on extensive archival work on sourcesfrom South Carolina not previously studied. Garcia-Herrera et al. (2005) havepublished a list of tropical cyclones from Spanish archive records and includeimportant new details on both new and previously documented storms.
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EII
I
Ch
ron
olo
gic
alli
sto
fM
illa
s(1
96
8)
for
the
yea
rs1
70
0–
18
00
and
cro
ss-r
efer
ence
dw
ith
Po
ey’s
chro
no
log
yfr
om
Tab
leI.
Mil
las
assi
gn
eda
case
nu
mb
er
for
each
sto
rmre
po
rt,
for
each
cen
tury
,h
ence
the
“Mil
las
assi
gn
edca
sen
um
ber
”fo
r1
70
0is
the
last
case
assi
gn
edb
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imfo
r1
7th
cen
tury
sto
rms.
Ther
ear
egap
sin
the
sequen
ceof
num
ber
sbet
wee
nP
oey
and
Mil
las
bec
ause
Mil
las
stu
die
do
nly
sto
rms
of
the
Car
ibb
ean
reg
ion
wh
erea
sP
oey
incl
ud
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sto
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fro
mth
rou
gh
ou
tth
eA
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tic
bas
in
Mil
las
Mil
las
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eyP
oey
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gn
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ted
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ate
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pte
d
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rm
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oca
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17
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65
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17
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no
dat
eB
arb
ado
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ted
12
32
17
05
no
dat
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avan
a,C
ub
aA
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ted
23
17
07
no
dat
eA
nti
gu
a,N
evis
Acc
epte
d3
45
3
17
08
Oct
or
Nov
Ex
trem
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uth
ern
...
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ibb
ean
...
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ecte
d4
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ther
no
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ted
inso
urc
e.
17
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lyJa
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ted
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agu
ere
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nce
;n
osu
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ort
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m
log
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ok
dat
a
17
12
Sep
t.8
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aica
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epte
d6
56
4
17
12
Sep
t.1
0W
este
rnp
art
of
Cu
ba
...
Acc
epte
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56
4S
ame
asab
ove
17
13
Sep
t.5
–6
Gu
adel
ou
pe,
Pu
erto
Ric
oA
ccep
ted
86
85
17
13
Oct
.9
–1
0N
ort
her
n..
.L
eew
ard
[s],
Vir
gin
Isla
nd
s...
Acc
epte
d8
7
17
14
Au
g.1
3–
14
Gu
adel
ou
pe
Acc
epte
d1
08
96
17
14
Sep
t.9
Jam
aica
Acc
epte
d1
19
10
7
17
14
Sep
t.1
1C
ub
aA
ccep
ted
12
91
07
17
15
July
30
So
uth
ern
Bah
amas
,
Str
aits
of
Flo
rid
a
Acc
epte
d1
31
0
17
15
no
dat
eS
anto
Do
min
go
Acc
epte
d1
41
0
17
18
Sep
t.7
No
rth
east
ern
Pu
erto
Ric
oA
ccep
ted
15
11
17
18
Ab
ou
tS
ept.
26
Nev
isA
ccep
ted
16
11
12
8S
ame
asab
ove
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EII
I
(Con
tinu
ed)
Mil
las
Mil
las
Po
eyP
oey
assi
gn
edac
cep
ted
can
did
ate
acce
pte
d
case
sto
rmst
orm
sto
rm
Yea
rD
ate(
s)L
oca
tio
nS
tatu
sn
um
ber
nu
mb
ern
um
ber
nu
mb
erR
easo
nfo
rre
ject
edst
atu
s
17
18
no
dat
eM
arti
niq
ue
Acc
epte
d1
71
2
17
20
no
dat
eB
arb
ado
sR
ejec
ted
18
13
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
ks
or
new
spap
ers
17
20
no
dat
eS
eas
no
rth
of
Pu
erto
Ric
o,
Bah
amas
...
Acc
epte
d1
91
3
17
22
Au
g.3
1A
nti
lles
Rej
ecte
d2
0R
ejec
ted
by
Mil
las
also
17
22
Sep
t.8
–9
Jam
aica
,G
ran
dC
aym
anA
ccep
ted
21
14
14
9
17
25
no
dat
eM
arti
niq
ue
Acc
epte
d2
21
51
51
0
17
25
no
dat
eT
rin
idad
Rej
ecte
d2
3N
oev
iden
ceo
fst
orm
yw
eath
erci
ted
17
26
Nov.
2Ja
mai
caA
ccep
ted
24
16
16
11
17
28
Au
g.3
0A
nti
gu
aA
ccep
ted
25
17
17
12
17
28
Sep
t.2
1N
ort
ho
fA
nti
gu
a,S
t.K
itts
,
Nev
is
Acc
epte
d2
61
8
17
30
Au
g.3
0P
uer
toR
ico
Acc
epte
d2
71
9
17
30
Sep
t.1
Jam
aica
Acc
epte
d2
81
9S
ame
asab
ove
17
30
Sep
t.1
Vib
ora
Key
,so
uth
of
Jam
aica
Acc
epte
d2
91
9S
ame
asab
ove
17
30
Sep
t.2
–3
Bet
wee
nH
avan
aan
d
Mat
anza
s,C
ub
a
Acc
epte
d3
02
01
91
4S
eeal
soM
illa
s(1
96
8)
p.
18
4p
ost
scri
pt
17
31
no
dat
eB
arb
ado
sA
ccep
ted
31
21
20
15
Sto
rmn
owd
ated
fro
mlo
gb
oo
ks
and
new
spap
ers
17
31
no
dat
eW
ind
war
dP
assa
ge,
bet
wee
n
Cu
ba
&H
aiti
Acc
epte
d3
22
1S
ame
asab
ove
17
33
July
10
–1
1M
arie
Gal
ante
,
Gu
adel
ou
pe.
..S
aba
Acc
epte
d3
32
22
11
6
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EII
I
(Con
tinu
ed)
Mil
las
Mil
las
Po
eyP
oey
assi
gn
edac
cep
ted
can
did
ate
acce
pte
d
case
sto
rmst
orm
sto
rm
Yea
rD
ate(
s)L
oca
tio
nS
tatu
sn
um
ber
nu
mb
ern
um
ber
nu
mb
erR
easo
nfo
rre
ject
edst
atu
s
17
33
July
15
So
uth
ern
Bah
amas
,F
lori
da
Str
aits
...
Acc
epte
d3
42
22
11
6S
ame
asab
ove
17
33
July
16
Pin
ard
elR
ino
Pro
vin
ce,
wes
tern
...
Cu
ba
Rej
ecte
d3
5N
ewsp
aper
san
dlo
gb
oo
ks
dis
pro
ve
loca
tio
n
17
34
Sep
t.1
2Ja
mai
caA
ccep
ted
36
23
22
17
17
37
Sep
t.8
–9
Mo
nts
erra
t...
,S
t.K
itts
,
San
toD
om
ing
o
Acc
epte
d3
72
42
31
8
17
38
Au
g.3
0–
31
Pu
erto
Ric
o,so
uth
ern
His
pan
oli
a
Acc
epte
d3
82
52
41
9
17
38
Sep
t.1
0–
13
Gu
adel
ou
pe,
St.
Th
om
as,
Pu
erto
Ric
o..
.
Rej
ecte
d3
92
5D
etai
lsar
efo
rab
ove
sto
rm
17
38
no
dat
eA
nea
gad
a,V
irg
inIs
lan
ds
Acc
epte
d4
02
5S
ame
asA
ug
.3
0–
31
sto
rm
17
39
Sep
t.9
An
till
esR
ejec
ted
41
Rej
ecte
db
yM
illa
sal
so
17
40
Au
g.1
–4
Mar
tin
iqu
e,D
om
inic
a...
,
San
toD
om
ing
o
Rej
ecte
d4
2N
oev
iden
cein
log
bo
ok
so
rn
ewsp
aper
s
17
40
Sep
t.1
1–
12
Pu
erto
Ric
oA
ccep
ted
43
26
27
20
17
42
Oct
.2
7–
28
Vir
gin
Isla
nd
s,P
uer
toR
ico
Acc
epte
d4
42
72
82
1
17
43
Sep
t.C
arib
bea
nS
eaA
ccep
ted
45
28
Lo
cati
on
isver
ysu
spec
t
17
44
Oct
.3
1–
Nov.
1Ja
mai
caA
ccep
ted
46
29
29
22
17
44
Nov.
Cu
ba
Acc
epte
d4
72
92
92
2S
ame
asab
ove
17
45
no
dat
eL
esse
rA
nti
lles
,b
etw
een
Cu
ba
and
Hai
ti
Acc
epte
d4
83
03
02
3
17
47
Oct
.2
Lee
war
dIs
lan
ds
Acc
epte
d4
93
13
22
4
17
47
Nov.
4L
eew
ard
Isla
nd
sA
ccep
ted
50
32
33
25
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONEST
AB
LE
III
(Con
tinu
ed)
Mil
las
Mil
las
Po
eyP
oey
assi
gn
edac
cep
ted
can
did
ate
acce
pte
d
case
sto
rmst
orm
sto
rm
Yea
rD
ate(
s)L
oca
tio
nS
tatu
sn
um
ber
nu
mb
ern
um
ber
nu
mb
erR
easo
nfo
rre
ject
edst
atu
s
17
51
July
6H
aiti
Rej
ecte
d5
13
4R
ejec
ted
by
Mil
las
(19
68
)
17
51
Au
g.2
1Ja
mai
caR
ejec
ted
52
34
Rej
ecte
db
yM
illa
s(1
96
8)
17
51
Sep
t.1
3Ja
mai
caR
ejec
ted
53
34
Rej
ecte
db
yM
illa
s(1
96
8)
17
51
Sep
t.1
5S
anto
Do
min
go
Rej
ecte
d5
43
4In
corr
ect
dat
e
17
51
Au
g.1
8P
uer
toR
ico
Rej
ecte
d5
5N
oev
iden
cein
log
bo
ok
so
rn
ewsp
aper
s
17
51
Sep
t.2
1–
22
Sea
sso
uth
of.
..Ja
mai
caA
ccep
ted
56
33
17
51
late
Oct
.S
anto
Do
min
go
,H
aiti
,
Jam
aica
Rej
ecte
d5
73
5
17
54
Sep
t.1
3–
15
?L
eew
ard
Isla
nd
s,S
anto
Do
min
go
Acc
epte
d5
83
43
72
7
17
55
Nov.
1C
ub
a(S
anti
ago
de
Cu
ba)
Rej
ecte
d5
9R
ejec
ted
by
Mil
las
also
17
56
Au
g.2
3B
arb
ado
sR
ejec
ted
60
37
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
ks;
mis
dat
ed
17
58
sto
rm
17
56
Sep
t.1
2M
arti
niq
ue
Acc
epte
d6
13
53
92
8
17
56
Oct
.1
Cay
man
Isla
nd
sA
ccep
ted
62
36
17
56
Oct
.2
–3
Ash
ort
dis
tan
ceea
sto
f
Hav
ana,
Cu
ba
Acc
epte
d6
33
6S
ame
asab
ove
17
57
Au
g.2
9B
arb
ado
sR
ejec
ted
64
40
Rej
ecte
db
yM
illa
sal
so
17
58
Au
g.2
3–
24
Sea
sn
ort
ho
fB
arb
ado
s...
Acc
epte
d6
53
73
83
0
17
59
Sep
t.C
entr
alp
art
of
Cu
ba
Acc
epte
d6
63
84
23
1
17
60
Oct
.2
5B
arbu
da
Rej
ecte
d6
7N
oev
iden
cein
log
bo
ok
17
62
Dec
.9
Car
tag
ena,
Co
lom
bia
Rej
ecte
d6
84
4In
corr
ect
yea
r
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETHT
AB
LE
III
(Con
tinu
ed)
Mil
las
Mil
las
Po
eyP
oey
assi
gn
edac
cep
ted
can
did
ate
acce
pte
d
case
sto
rmst
orm
sto
rm
Yea
rD
ate(
s)L
oca
tio
nS
tatu
sn
um
ber
nu
mb
ern
um
ber
nu
mb
erR
easo
nfo
rre
ject
edst
atu
s
17
64
no
dat
eM
arti
niq
ue,
Car
tag
ena,
Car
ibb
eeIs
lan
ds
Rej
ecte
d6
9R
ejec
ted
by
Mil
las
also
17
65
July
31
Mar
tin
iqu
e,G
uad
elo
up
eA
ccep
ted
70
39
45
32
17
65
Sep
t.M
arti
niq
ue.
..S
ain
t
Ch
rist
op
her
Rej
ecte
d7
14
5C
on
fuse
dw
ith
July
sto
rm
17
65
Nov.
13
–1
4S
anto
Do
min
go
Acc
epte
d7
24
04
63
3
17
66
Jun
e1
1C
ub
aR
ejec
ted
73
Rej
ecte
db
yM
illa
sal
so
17
66
Au
g.1
3N
ort
her
np
art
of
Mar
tin
iqu
eA
ccep
ted
74
41
47
34
17
66
Au
g.1
6W
est
of
Jam
aica
Acc
epte
d7
54
14
73
4
17
66
Sep
t.1
3–
15
Mo
nts
erra
t,R
edo
nd
a,N
evis
,
St.
Kit
ts
Rej
ecte
d7
64
24
9M
isd
ated
17
66
Sep
t.1
9E
aste
rnp
art
of
Pu
erto
Ric
oA
ccep
ted
77
42
49
17
66
Sep
t.2
1S
ain
tE
ust
atiu
san
dT
ort
ugas
Acc
epte
d7
84
24
93
6S
ame
sto
rmas
above
17
66
Oct
.6
–8
Do
min
ica,
Gu
adel
ou
pe,
...
Pu
erto
Ric
o
Acc
epte
d7
94
35
03
7
17
66
Oct
.3
1W
este
rnC
arib
bea
nse
a...
Acc
epte
d8
04
4S
eeG
arci
a-H
erre
raet
al.
(20
05
)
17
67
Au
g.7
Pu
erto
Ric
oA
ccep
ted
81
45
17
68
Au
g.1
2G
ren
ada,
Win
dw
ard
Isla
nd
sR
ejec
ted
82
52
Sto
rmw
aso
nA
ug
.1
0
17
68
no
dat
eA
nti
gu
aR
ejec
ted
83
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
ks
or
new
spap
ers
17
68
Oct
.1
5W
este
rnp
art
of
Cu
ba,
Hav
ana
Acc
epte
d8
44
65
33
9
17
68
Oct
.2
5C
ub
a,H
avan
aR
ejec
ted
85
Rej
ecte
db
yM
illa
sal
so
17
71
Au
g.
St.
Eu
stat
ius
Rej
ecte
d8
65
7R
ejec
ted
by
Mil
las
also
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONEST
AB
LE
III
(Con
tinu
ed)
Mil
las
Mil
las
Po
eyP
oey
assi
gn
edac
cep
ted
can
did
ate
acce
pte
d
case
sto
rmst
orm
sto
rm
Yea
rD
ate(
s)L
oca
tio
nS
tatu
sn
um
ber
nu
mb
ern
um
ber
nu
mb
erR
easo
nfo
rre
ject
edst
atu
s
17
72
July
16
Sea
sn
ort
ho
fP
uer
toR
ico
Rej
ecte
d8
7d
eC
ord
ova
un
reli
able
sou
rce
17
72
Au
g.4
–5
San
toD
om
ing
oA
ccep
ted
88
47
58
41
17
72
Au
g.1
6S
anti
ago
de
Cu
ba,
Cu
ba
Rej
ecte
d8
96
0In
corr
ect
dat
e
17
72
Au
g.1
7S
ou
ther
np
art
of
An
tig
ua
Rej
ecte
d9
06
0G
arb
leo
fco
rrec
t2
7–
28
Au
gu
std
ate
17
72
Au
g.2
8–
Sep
.3
No
rth
ern
Lee
war
d[s
]...
Gu
lfo
fH
on
du
ras
Acc
epte
d9
14
86
04
2L
atte
rp
art
of
trac
kin
corr
ect
17
72
Au
g.3
0–
Sep
t.1
Les
ser
An
till
es..
.P
uer
to
Ric
o
Acc
epte
d9
24
96
04
2
17
72
Sep
t.1
–4
Do
min
ica,
San
toD
om
ing
oA
ccep
ted
93
60
42
Rej
ecte
db
yM
illa
s
17
72
Oct
.1
8L
eew
ard
Isla
nd
sR
ejec
ted
94
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
ks
or
new
spap
ers
17
72
Nov.
22
St.
Kit
ts,S
t.E
ust
atiu
sR
ejec
ted
95
61
No
evid
ence
inlo
gb
oo
ks
or
new
spap
ers
17
73
July
18
–2
2..
.n
ear
Vir
gin
Isla
nd
s...
;
wes
tern
Bah
amas
Acc
epte
d9
65
06
24
3
17
73
Au
g.(s
eco
nd
hal
f)
To
bag
oR
ejec
ted
97
No
sto
rman
yti
me
inA
ug
ust
or
Sep
tem
ber
17
74
no
dat
eC
ub
aR
ejec
ted
98
See
also
Mil
las
(19
68
)p
.24
1p
ost
scri
pt
17
74
Sep
t.6
Gu
adel
ou
pe
Rej
ecte
d9
96
4In
corr
ect
yea
r;se
e1
77
6en
try
17
74
Oct
.2
or
20
Jam
aica
Rej
ecte
d1
00
65
No
evid
ence
(Ch
enow
eth
,2
00
3)
17
75
July
30
–A
ug
.1
Mar
tin
iqu
e,A
ves
,...
San
toD
om
ing
o
Acc
epte
d1
01
51
66
44
17
75
Au
g.2
5M
arti
niq
ue
Acc
epte
d1
02
52
67
45
17
75
Au
g.2
7S
anto
Do
min
go
Acc
epte
d1
03
52
67
45
Sam
eas
above (C
onti
nued
onne
xtpa
ge)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EII
I
(Con
tinu
ed)
Mil
las
Mil
las
Po
eyP
oey
assi
gn
edac
cep
ted
can
did
ate
acce
pte
d
case
sto
rmst
orm
sto
rm
Yea
rD
ate(
s)L
oca
tio
nS
tatu
sn
um
ber
nu
mb
ern
um
ber
nu
mb
erR
easo
nfo
rre
ject
edst
atu
s
17
75
Sep
t.1
4–
15
San
toD
om
ing
o,H
aiti..
.
Gre
atIn
agu
aIs
lan
d
Rej
ecte
d1
04
68
Gar
ble
dac
cou
nt
17
75
Oct
.1
6S
t.K
itts
Acc
epte
d1
05
53
69
46
17
76
Sep
t.5
–7
Les
ser
An
till
es..
.d
ista
nt
fro
mP
uer
toR
ico
Acc
epte
d1
06
–1
08
54
64
47
17
78
no
dat
eH
avan
a,C
ub
aR
ejec
ted
10
97
0R
ejec
ted
by
Mil
las
also
17
78
Oct
.2
8–
31
Pro
vin
ceo
fO
rien
te,C
ub
aR
ejec
ted
11
07
0In
corr
ect
yea
r–
occ
urr
edo
nO
ct.
28
,
17
77
17
79
Au
g.2
8M
arti
niq
ue
Acc
epte
d1
11
55
17
79
Sep
t.4
–5
No
rth
ern
par
to
fA
nti
gu
a;
Nev
is
Rej
ecte
d1
12
Ch
arle
sto
n,S
Cac
cou
nt,
no
tN
evis
17
79
Oct
.3
Win
dw
ard
Isla
nd
san
d
Jam
aica
Rej
ecte
d1
13
Rej
ecte
db
yM
illa
sal
so
17
80
Jun
e1
2–
14
St.
Lu
cia,
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17
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Oct
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tern
Jam
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cen
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d1
17
57
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80
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Bar
bad
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Acc
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75
52
17
80
Oct
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Sea
sn
ort
ho
f..
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ub
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Gu
lfo
fM
exic
o
Acc
epte
d1
19
59
76
53
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EII
I
(Con
tinu
ed)
Mil
las
Mil
las
Po
eyP
oey
assi
gn
edac
cep
ted
can
did
ate
acce
pte
d
case
sto
rmst
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sto
rm
Yea
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s)L
oca
tio
nS
tatu
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um
ber
nu
mb
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um
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nu
mb
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rre
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s
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80
Oct
.3
1B
arb
ado
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ted
12
0R
ejec
ted
by
Mil
las
also
17
81
Au
g.1
Jam
aica
Acc
epte
d1
21
60
79
54
17
81
Sep
t.5
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toD
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12
26
18
15
6
17
82
pro
bab
lyJu
ly2
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inic
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ted
12
3N
oev
iden
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log
bo
ok
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rn
ewsp
aper
s
17
82
July
31
–A
ug
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Jam
aica
Rej
ecte
d1
24
79
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evid
ence
inlo
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ks
or
new
spap
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17
84
July
10
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ted
12
58
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iden
cein
log
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ok
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rn
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aper
s
17
84
July
30
Jam
aica
Acc
epte
d1
26
62
86
58
17
84
Au
g.1
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San
toD
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ted
12
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me
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ove
sto
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17
84
no
dat
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ura
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Acc
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28
63
17
85
July
6W
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Ind
ies
Rej
ecte
d1
29
64
87
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ble
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Au
gu
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17
85
July
25
St.
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ted
13
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48
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17
85
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gu
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17
85
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Rej
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d1
34
64
88
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ble
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Au
gu
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17
85
Sep
t.2
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t.D
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13
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48
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ks
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new
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17
86
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bad
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Acc
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37
65
92
62
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86
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93
17
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bad
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13
99
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rn
ewsp
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s
17
86
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mai
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14
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69
46
3
17
87
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6G
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ada,
Win
dw
ard
Isla
nd
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ted
14
1N
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iden
cein
log
bo
ok
so
rn
ewsp
aper
s
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETHT
AB
LE
III
(Con
tinu
ed)
Mil
las
Mil
las
Po
eyP
oey
assi
gn
edac
cep
ted
can
did
ate
acce
pte
d
case
sto
rmst
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sto
rm
Yea
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17
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ada,
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ted
15
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ake
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90
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31
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for
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17
91
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15
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15
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15
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14
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tsan
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.is
lan
ds
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75
11
47
5
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONEST
AB
LE
III
(Con
tinu
ed)
Mil
las
Mil
las
Po
eyP
oey
assi
gn
edac
cep
ted
can
did
ate
acce
pte
d
case
sto
rmst
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sto
rm
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rD
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.;
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mu
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59
76
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17
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ob
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17
96
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16
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22
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17
99
no
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17
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and
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72
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18
00
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ub
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17
38
51
24
83
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EIV
Ch
ron
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gic
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sto
fth
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ost
imp
ort
ant
chro
no
log
ies
and
dat
aso
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tlan
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bas
intr
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cycl
on
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18
50
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18
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ion
of
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edto
mai
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ity
wit
hth
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oss
-ref
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inT
able
s1
and
2bu
tth
eH
UR
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Tre
cord
(Lan
dse
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20
04
)sh
ou
ldal
sob
e
con
sult
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ra
mo
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list
of
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Th
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rary
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-ref
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wit
h
Tab
les
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and
also
wit
hL
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(19
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ock
(20
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dG
arci
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raet
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en
um
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of
log
bo
ok
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din
div
idu
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ewsp
aper
acco
un
ts
use
din
the
re-a
nal
ysi
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eli
sted
and
do
no
tre
pre
sen
tth
en
um
ber
of
sou
rces
use
db
yea
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rco
mp
iler
s.“T
his
wo
rk”
refe
rsto
sou
rces
use
db
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re-a
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and
corr
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eou
sin
form
atio
nin
pre
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us
chro
no
log
ies
(e.g
.,in
corr
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nk
ing
of
un
iqu
est
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s).I
nm
any
inst
ance
s,th
ed
ates
and
loca
tio
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are
exp
and
edb
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the
wo
rkd
on
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rese
arch
ers
bas
edo
no
rig
inal
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rce
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cum
ents
coll
ecte
db
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tho
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on
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is
pu
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ated
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ntfo
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nce
its
com
pil
atio
n,r
emov
ing
and
add
ing
asm
all
nu
mb
ero
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orm
sin
the
Jam
aica
area
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
This
wo
rkre
-an
aly
sis
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
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dat
esar
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inal
acce
pte
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cepte
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cepte
dac
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dN
um
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of
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mb
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stim
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om
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ren
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63
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9–11
Sep
tem
ber
Nev
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1712
6–10
Sep
tem
ber
Bar
bad
os-
Jam
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-
Cuba
94
55
2H
U
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONEST
AB
LE
IV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
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Mil
las
Ludlu
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004)
etal
.(2
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inal
acce
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cepte
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dN
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stim
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om
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tem
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1713
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tem
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12
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1713
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13
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14
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(19
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15
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1714
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16
79
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19
61
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20
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Ber
mu
da
20
02
HU
Tea
cho
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(19
82
)
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13–22
Oct
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Jam
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to
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U
1718
6–7
Sep
tem
ber
Anti
gua,
Pu
erto
Ric
o
22
12
31
0H
U
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
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mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
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storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1718
19–21
Sep
tem
ber
Mar
tin
ique
23
13
10
HU
1720
No
dat
eN
ort
ho
fP
uer
to
Ric
oto
Flo
rida
Str
aits
24
914
20
HU
1722
6–12
Sep
tem
ber
Jam
aica
to
Lo
uis
ian
a
25
85
6H
U
1722
18–23
Sep
tem
ber
Char
lest
on,S
outh
Car
oli
na
26
93
33
TS
1723
4–9
Au
gust
Nort
ho
fA
nti
gua
to
New
Yo
rkC
ity
27
10
47
HU
1724
22–30
Au
gust
Les
ser
An
till
esto
South
Car
oli
na
toP
ennsy
lvan
ia
28
11
46
5H
U
1725
23–24
Sep
tem
ber
Mar
tin
ique
29
10
15
10
HU
1726
11–19
Sep
tem
ber
No
rth
of
An
tigua
to
Ber
mu
da
30
41
HU
Tea
cho
ut
(19
82
)
1726
No
dat
eB
erm
uda
31
00
HU
Tea
cho
ut
(19
82
)
1726
1–2
Novem
ber
Jam
aica
32
11
16
15
HU
1727
24–27
Sep
tem
ber
3837N
6715W
;
Eas
tern
New
En
gla
nd
33
12
12
HU
1728
13–14
Au
gust
Char
lest
on,S
outh
Car
oli
na
34
13
13
50
2H
U
1728
28
Aug.–
2S
ept.
An
tigua
toS
t.
Th
om
asto
His
pan
oli
a
35
12
17
65
HU
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONEST
AB
LE
IV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
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storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1728
31
Aug.–
8S
ep.
No
rth
of
Lee
war
ds
toB
erm
uda
to
42N
53W
36
21
HU
Tea
cho
ut
(19
82
)
1728
21–30
Sep
tem
ber
An
tigua
to3
3N
71W
37
18
20
HU
1729
14–19
Au
gust
No
rth
ern
Lee
war
d
Isla
nds
toS
outh
Car
oli
na
38
47
3H
UG
arci
a-H
erre
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al.(2
00
5)
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p:/
/ww
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pic
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ata.
htm
hav
e
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dat
edP
uer
toR
ico
sto
rm.
1730
26
Aug.–
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ep.
Bar
bad
os
toS
outh
Car
oli
na
39
19
14
67
8H
UU
nd
ated
inM
ock
(20
04
)
1730
15–20
Oct
.Ja
mai
ca,C
uba
40
14
20
53
0H
U
1731
24
Aug.–
5S
ep.
Bar
bad
os
to
Win
dw
ard
Pas
sage
tooff
South
Car
oli
na
to4
1N
51W
41
15
21
67
8H
U
1733
10–16
July
Cen
tral
Les
ser
Anti
lles
to
Flo
rid
aS
trai
ts
42
16
22
72
17
HU
1733
Pro
bab
lyA
ugust
Flo
rid
aK
eys
to
Ala
bam
a
43
15
01
HU
1734
9–12
Sep
tem
ber
Bar
bad
os
to
Jam
aica
44
17
23
35
HU
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
This
wo
rkre
-an
aly
sis
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
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cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
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mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
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storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1736
16–??
Sep
tem
ber
Wes
to
fG
rand
Cay
man
to
Pen
saco
la,
Flo
rid
a
45
16
12
HU
1737
7–10
Sep
tem
ber
An
tigua
to
His
pan
oli
a
46
18
24
37
HU
1738
28–31
Au
gust
Anti
gua
toP
uer
to
Ric
o
47
19
25
52
1H
U
1740
8–22
Sep
tem
ber
An
tigua
toN
assa
u
toD
ryT
ort
ugas
toL
ouis
iana
48
20
26
17
89
17
HU
Mis
dat
edas
July
sto
rmb
y
Gar
cia-
Her
rera
etal
.(2
00
5)
and
htt
p:/
/ww
w.u
cm.
es/i
nfo
/tro
pic
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ata.
htm
1740
29
Sep
tem
ber
Mo
bil
e,A
labam
a49
18
00
HU
1742
25–31
Oct
ober
Vir
gin
Isla
nds
to
Pu
erto
Ric
oto
His
pan
oli
a
50
21
27
70
TS
1743
10
Sep
tem
ber
Jam
aica
Fle
etan
d
So
uth
Car
oli
na
coas
t
51
28
70
0H
UM
ock
(20
04
)d
ate
conv
erte
d
fro
mJu
lian
cale
nd
ar.
1743
28
Oct
.–4
Nov.
Jam
aica
tooff
coas
t
of
U.S
.
52
19
33
TS
1744
31
Oct
.–1
Nov.
Jam
aica
,C
uba
53
22
29
91
1H
U
1745
16–19
Oct
ober
Win
dw
ard
Pas
sage
54
23
30
40
TS
1746
10–14
Sep
tem
ber
Bar
bad
os
toF
lori
da
Key
sto
centr
al
U.S
.G
ulf
Coas
t
55
20
03
HU
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
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cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
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stim
ated
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storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
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m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1747
26–27
Sep
tem
ber
3847N
5423W
to
4014N
5254W
56
02
HU
Rap
pap
ort
and
Fer
nan
dez
-Par
tag
as
(19
95
);T
his
wo
rk
1747
29
Sep
.–6
Oct
.L
esse
rA
nti
lles
to
4306N
5530W
57
24
31
59
HU
1747
13–18
Oct
ober
Jam
aica
toN
assa
u
toB
erm
uda
58
80
3H
U
1747
3–6
Novem
ber
St.
Kit
ts59
25
32
25
HU
1749
16–21
Sep
tem
ber
Do
min
ica
toR
atta
n
(Bay
of
Hondura
s)
60
05
HU
Mis
dat
edin
R&
F-P
(19
95
);T
his
wo
rk
1749
14–21
Oct
ober
Jam
aica
to
Del
awar
e
61
21
11
5H
U
1750
28–30
Au
gust
28–29N
off
Flo
rida
toV
irgin
iaC
apes
62
10
26
HU
Mis
dat
edin
R&
F-P
(19
95
);U
nd
ated
in
Gar
cia-
Het
al.(2
00
5)
and
htt
p:/
/ww
w.u
cm.e
s/
info
/tro
pic
al/d
ata.
htm
1751
24
July
Hav
ana
63
01
HU
Rap
pap
ort
and
Fer
nan
dez
-Par
tag
as
(19
95
)
1751
18–28
Sep
tem
ber
An
tigua
toJa
mai
ca
toF
lori
da
64
33
11
52
0H
US
eeal
soC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1751
6–7
Oct
ober
Jam
aica
65
00
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1752
8–16
Sep
tem
ber
St.
Kit
tsto
South
Car
oli
na
66
26
22
93
12
HU
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed) G
arci
a-
Mock
Her
rera
This
wo
rkre
-an
aly
sis
Moder
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
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cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
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storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
ran
ge
Lo
cali
ties
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1752
26
Sep
t.–
2O
ct.
Hav
ana
toN
ova
Sco
tia
67
23
12
32
2H
US
eeal
soR
&F
-P(1
99
5)
and
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1752
28
Oct
.–3
Nov.
Hav
ana
to
Pen
saco
la
68
24
08
HU
See
also
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
);
mis
-dat
edin
R&
F-P
(19
95
)
1753
24–25
Au
gust
Cu
mb
erla
nd
Is.,
Geo
rgia
69
00
TS
San
dri
kan
dL
and
sea
(20
03
)se
e
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
om
l.n
oaa
.gov
/hrd
1754
12–26
Sep
tem
ber
Les
ser
Anti
lles
to
off
Nort
h
Car
oli
na
70
27
34
52
0H
U
1755
8O
cto
ber
Jam
aica
71
00
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1756
12–17
Sep
tem
ber
Lee
war
ds
Isla
nds
to
Jam
aica
71
28
35
16
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1756
1–3
Oct
ober
Cay
man
Isla
nds,
Cuba
72
36
01
HU
1757
22–25
Sep
tem
ber
Eas
tern
New
Engla
nd,N
ova
Sco
tia
73
29
25
16
HU
1758
22–24
Au
gust
Les
ser
Anti
lles
74
30
37
21
5H
U
1758
17–24
Oct
ober
Wes
tof
Jam
aica
to
Flo
rid
ato
New
Jers
eyco
ast
75
26
03
HU
See
also
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1759
12–15
Sep
tem
ber
Nea
rJa
mai
cato
So
uth
wes
t
Flo
rid
a
76
31
38
27
10
HU
See
also
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1760
6Ju
lyC
har
lest
on,S
outh
Car
oli
na
77
10
00
TS
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONEST
AB
LE
IV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1760
12
August
Pen
saco
la,F
lori
da
78
28
00
HU
1760
7–8
Sep
tem
ber
Ver
aC
ruz,
Mex
ico
79
13
00
HU
See
also
htt
p:/
/ww
w.u
cm.e
s/
info
/tro
pic
al/d
ata.
htm
1760
1–6
Oct
ober
Jam
aica
toS
outh
Car
oli
na
to36N
72W
80
11
03
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1761
22–23
Sep
tem
ber
Wes
to
fJa
mai
ca81
00
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1761
19–25
Oct
ober
No
rth
wes
tof
Jam
aica
to
His
pan
oli
ato
Queb
ec
82
29
04
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
);n
ow
asse
ssed
tob
eth
esa
me
sto
rm
1761
9–10
Novem
ber
Car
tagen
a,
Co
lom
bia
83
10
HU
Th
isw
ork
1762
4–5
Oct
ober
South
wes
to
f
Jam
aica
84
00
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1763
16
June
Wes
to
fJa
mai
ca85
00
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1763
5–6
Novem
ber
So
uth
of
Jam
aica
86
00
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1764
2–3
Oct
ober
Nea
rw
este
rn
Jam
aica
87
00
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1764
16–20
Novem
ber
Apal
achee
Bay
,
Flo
rid
aan
d
wes
tern
Car
oli
nas
88
30
30
HU
1765
30–31
July
Les
ser
Anti
lles
89
32
39
11
8H
U
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
This
wo
rkre
-an
aly
sis
Moder
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1765
7–16
Au
gust
Les
ser
An
till
es-
His
pan
oli
a-off
New
Engla
nd
coas
t
90
31
1H
UT
his
wo
rk
1765
17
Oct
ober
South
Car
oli
na
91
12
00
TS
1765
13–14
Novem
ber
Car
ibbea
nto
St.
Do
min
go
92
33
40
20
TS
1766
13–16
Au
gust
Mar
tiniq
ue
toso
uth
of
Jam
aica
93
34
41
12
0H
US
eeal
soC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1766
1–4
Sep
tem
ber
Gulf
of
Mex
ico
to
Tex
as
94
31
04
HU
See
also
Rap
pap
ort
and
Fer
nan
dez
-Par
tag
as
(19
95
)
1766
8–13
Sep
tem
ber
Atl
anti
cto
Off
Vir
gin
iato
wes
t
of
New
York
Cit
y
95
35
32
14
11
TS
1766
17–24
Sep
tem
ber
Les
ser
An
till
esto
2345N
6403W
to
33N
57W
to
Azo
res
96
36
42
15
01
6H
U
1766
5–13
Oct
ober
Les
ser
An
till
esto
Pu
erto
Ric
oto
off
So
uth
Car
oli
na
97
37
43
16
54
5H
U
1766
15–24
Oct
ober
So
uth
of
Hai
tian
d
Jam
aica
to
Pen
saco
la,
Flo
rid
a
98
38
35
HU
See
also
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONEST
AB
LE
IV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
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s
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dar
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esar
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of
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ated
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Loca
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esnum
ber
num
ber
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ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
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nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1766
29
Oct
.–1
Nov.
Hav
ana
toea
stof
Flo
rid
a
99
44
17
02
HU
1767
6–10
Au
gust
Les
ser
An
till
esto
3148N
bet
wee
n
SC
and
Ber
muda
100
45
12
6H
U
1767
21–24
Sep
tem
ber
Off
Nort
hC
aroli
na
toso
uth
east
Mas
sach
use
tts
101
04
TS
Rap
pap
ort
and
Fer
nan
dez
-Par
tag
as
(19
95
);T
his
wo
rk
1767
13–18
Oct
ober
Gu
lfof
Mex
ico
to
SE
US
coas
tal
wat
ers
to35N
73W
102
33
13
31
5H
U
1768
8–10
Au
gust
Bar
bad
os
to
Gre
nad
a
103
23
HU
Th
isw
ork
1768
15
Oct
ober
Wes
tern
Cuba
104
39
46
18
14
HU
1769
7–9
Au
gust
South
of
Jam
aica
105
01
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1769
4–9
Sep
tem
ber
23N
64W
toN
ew
En
gla
nd
106
34
14
34
6H
U
1769
28–29
Sep
tem
ber
So
uth
Car
oli
na
107
15
06
TS
1770
6Ju
ne
Ch
arle
ston,S
outh
Car
oli
na
108
40
16
33
TS
1770
19–20
Oct
ober
3530N
7330W
to
New
En
gla
nd
109
35
11
3H
U
1771
23–24
May
Wes
tof
Jam
aica
to
Cu
ba
110
11
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Moder
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
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esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
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cepte
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cepte
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cepte
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dN
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of
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ated
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lted
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sfr
om
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Yea
rD
ate
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Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
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nsi
tyO
ther
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ren
ces
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no
tes
1771
30
Sep
t.–
4O
ct.
Flo
rid
aK
eys
tooff
So
uth
Car
oli
na
coas
t
111
17
23
HU
Th
isw
ork
1772
2–6
Au
gust
An
tigua
tonort
hof
Jam
aica
to
Bay
amo,C
uba
112
41
47
19
31
1H
US
eeal
soC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1772
30
August
to3
Sep
t.3330N
7455W
to
off
Cap
e
Hen
lopen
113
37
27
HU
1772
28
August
to3
Sep
t.H
avan
ato
Louis
iana
114
36
20
01
HU
See
also
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1772
27–29
Au
gust
Nort
ho
fA
nti
gua
115
48
29
HU
1772
29
August
to5
Sep
t.A
nti
gua
tow
este
rn
Cuba
116
42
49
22
3H
US
eeal
soC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1773
21
June
Tobag
oto
Gre
nad
a117
12
TS
Th
isw
ork
1773
20–21
July
Bah
amas
toC
uba
118
43
50
01
HU
1773
26
August
No
rth
Car
oli
na
to
Vir
gin
ia
119
38
02
HU
No
rth
Car
oli
na
po
rtio
n
mis
dat
ed0
1S
epte
mb
er
1773
10–19
Sep
tem
ber
To
bag
oto
Ven
ezuel
ato
south
wes
tof
Wes
tern
Cuba
120
21
84
HU
See
also
htt
p:/
/ww
w.u
cm.e
s/
info
/tro
pic
al/d
ata.
htm
1774
1–3
Novem
ber
Cu
ba
ton
ort
hof
Bah
amas
to30N
67W
121
22
04
HU
Th
isw
ork
1775
30
July
–1
Au
gust
Mar
tiniq
ue
to
Pu
erto
Ric
o
122
44
51
13
TS
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
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mb
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ated
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storm
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consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
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m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Lo
cali
ties
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1775
24
August
–3
Sep
t.B
arbad
os
to
Mar
yla
nd
123
45
52
39
23
65
HU
1775
5–12
Sep
tem
ber
Lee
war
dIs
lands
to
New
foundla
nd
124
61
4H
UR
app
apo
rtan
dR
uff
man
(19
99
)
1775
12–14
Sep
tem
ber
An
tigua
toC
uba
125
11
TS
Th
isw
ork
1775
16–19
Oct
ober
No
rth
and
Cen
tral
Lee
war
dIs
lands
126
46
53
38
TS
1776
5–12
Sep
tem
ber
Guad
eloupe
to
Louis
ian
a
127
47
54
31
5H
U
1777
23–31
Oct
ober
Eas
tern
Car
ibbea
n
toC
uba
128
24
42
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1777
22–23
Novem
ber
So
uth
east
of
Jam
aica
and
acro
ssw
este
rn
Hai
ti
129
40
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1778
5Ju
ne
Jam
aica
130
10
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1778
7–13
Au
gust
Bah
ama
Ban
ks
to
New
En
gla
nd
131
40
18
38
HU
1778
16–17
Sep
tem
ber
Jam
aica
132
10
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1778
29
Sep
t.–
10
Oct
.T
obag
oto
Pen
saco
la,
Flo
rid
a
133
41
25
40
HU
See
also
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1779
25–26
May
Wes
to
fJa
mai
ca134
00
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1779
18
August
New
Orl
ean
s135
48
42
26
01
HU
1779
28
Aug.–
3S
ept.
Mar
tin
ique
tonea
r
So
uth
Car
oli
na
136
55
31
0T
S
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETHT
AB
LE
IV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
This
wo
rkre
-an
aly
sis
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
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dF
inal
acce
pte
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cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
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storm
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storm
storm
storm
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lted
item
sfr
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max
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m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1780
24
August
Louis
ian
a137
49
43
27
10
HU
1780
25–26
Au
gust
St.
Kit
ts138
50
56
61
TS
1780
2–8
Oct
ober
Wes
tern
Jam
aica
to
37N
6745W
139
51
57
44
28
31
2H
US
eeal
soC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1780
10–20
Oct
ober
Bar
bad
os
to
Ber
mu
da
to43N
50W
140
52
58
45
15
19
HU
1780
15–26
Oct
ober
Nea
rJa
mai
cato
Gulf
of
Mex
ico
to4
450N
4228W
141
53
59
46
29
21
HU
See
also
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1781
1–2
Au
gust
Jam
aica
142
54
60
21
2H
US
eeal
soC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1781
9–11
Au
gust
South
Car
oli
na
and
Nort
hC
aroli
na
143
55
47
19
01
HU
1781
16–23
Au
gust
Wes
tof
Jam
aica
to
New
Orl
eans
144
00
HU
Tan
neh
ill
(19
38
);
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1781
3–7
Sep
tem
ber
St.
Luci
ato
south
wes
tof
Jam
aica
145
56
61
66
TS
See
also
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1781
2–3
Novem
ber
Wes
tof
Jam
aica
146
00
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1782
30
June
So
uth
wes
to
f
wes
tern
Jam
aica
147
00
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1782
15
August
Flo
rid
aS
trai
ts148
04
HU
Rap
pap
ort
and
Fer
nan
dez
-Par
tag
as
(19
95
);T
his
wo
rk
1782
16
Sep
tem
ber
No
rth
Atl
anti
c149
57
08
HU
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
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cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
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stim
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storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1783
15–20
Sep
tem
ber
Off
U.S
.co
ast
150
07
HU
Rap
pap
ort
and
Fer
nan
dez
-
Par
tagas
(19
95
)
1783
5–9
Oct
ober
Wes
tof
Jam
aica
to
New
En
gla
nd
151
48
20
31
5H
US
eeal
soC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1784
10–17
July
Gre
nad
ato
Cura
cao
toH
ondura
s
152
63
33
HU
Un
dat
edin
all
pre
vio
us
chro
no
log
ies
1784
27
July
–5
Au
g.
Dom
inic
ato
Jam
aica
to
Pen
saco
la,
Flo
rid
a
153
58
62
22
1H
US
eeal
soC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1785
23–31
Au
g.
No
rth
ern
Lee
war
ds
toJa
mai
cato
Bel
ize
154
59
64
30
54
8T
SS
eeal
soC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1785
10
Sep
tem
ber
Ch
arle
ston,S
outh
Car
oli
na
155
21
00
TS
1785
16–25
Sep
tem
ber
Lee
war
dIs
lands
to
Bah
amas
toN
C
toC
anad
a
156
60
49
32
9H
U
1786
5Ju
ne
Wes
tern
Jam
aica
157
01
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1786
29
August
Off
US
coas
t158
61
50
04
HU
1786
2–10
Sep
tem
ber
Bar
bad
os
toN
assa
u
too
ffS
outh
Car
oli
na
159
62
65
22
01
5H
U
1786
28
Sep
tem
ber
Ch
arle
ston,S
outh
Car
oli
na
160
23
00
TS
1786
19–23
Oct
.Ja
mai
cato
Hav
ana
toB
aham
as
161
63
66
11
5H
US
eeal
soC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
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cepte
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um
ber
of
Nu
mb
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fE
stim
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storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Lo
cali
ties
num
ber
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num
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num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
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tyO
ther
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ren
ces
and
no
tes
1787
2–7
Au
gust
Dom
inic
ato
Gra
nd
Cai
cos
to40N
64W
162
64
67
21
1T
S
1787
6–11
Au
gust
Gre
nad
ato
Jam
aica
toB
aham
as
Ban
k
163
32
TS
Th
isw
ork
1787
15–16
Au
gust
So
uth
tip
of
Flo
rida
164
65
44
HU
1787
23–28
Au
gust
Cen
tral
Lee
war
ds
toB
aham
asto
So
uth
Car
oli
na
165
66
68
24
33
3H
U
1787
29
August
–2
Sep
t.D
om
inic
ato
Bel
ize
166
67
69
31
2H
U
1787
16
Sep
tem
ber
So
uth
Car
oli
na
167
25
00
TS
Lu
dlu
m(1
96
3)
qu
ote
sa
Red
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Sg
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td
ate
of
19
Sep
tem
ber
1787
19–23
Sep
tem
ber
Eas
tern
Cuba
and
Jam
aica
to
Bel
ize
168
68
70
11
HU
1788
4Ju
ne
Nea
rw
este
rn
Jam
aica
169
01
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1788
19–24
July
Ber
mu
da
toU
S170
69
51
33
2H
U
1788
14–16
Au
gust
Cen
tral
Lee
war
ds
toH
aiti
171
70
71
33
5H
U
1788
17–19
Au
gust
SE
Pen
nsy
lvan
iato
wes
tern
New
Engla
nd
172
52
01
1T
S
1788
8–9
Sep
tem
ber
Jam
aica
173
01
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONEST
AB
LE
IV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Moder
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Lo
cali
ties
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1788
19–23
Sep
tem
ber
US
Co
ast
to
New
foundla
nd
174
71
26
14
TS
1788
29
Sep
t.–
6O
ctober
South
of
Jam
aica
to
east
ern
Cay
man
s
toS
outh
Car
oli
na
175
27
32
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1789
17–18
Au
gust
New
Orl
eans
176
31
00
HU
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also
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p:/
/ww
w.u
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s/
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/tro
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1790
10–12
Au
gust
To
bag
oto
Cura
cao
177
72
32
11
2H
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1790
29
Aug.–
2S
ept.
Bar
bad
os
to
Jam
aica
178
11
7H
UT
his
wo
rk
1791
18–23
June
Wes
tern
Cuba
to
Flo
rid
a
Pan
han
dle
179
73
73
04
HU
1791
27
Sep
t.–
4O
ct.
Jam
aica
to
Bah
amas
to37N
62W
180
74
74
01
0H
U
1792
14
July
St.
Eu
stat
ia,S
t.
Kit
ts
181
75
75
03
TS
1792
1–12
Au
gust
Lee
war
dIs
lands
to
nea
rC
aico
sIs
.
To
37N
57W
182
76
76
05
3H
U
1792
29–31
Oct
ober
Wes
tern
Cuba
to
So
uth
Car
oli
na
183
77
77
53
28
33
09
HU
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
This
wo
rkre
-an
aly
sis
Moder
nca
len
dar
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las
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004)
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.(2
005)
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esar
euse
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inal
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pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
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um
ber
of
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mb
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fE
stim
ated
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lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
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cali
ties
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1793
12–18
Au
gust
No
rth
ern
Lee
war
ds
toB
aham
asto
Louis
ian
a
184
78
78
54
34
13
3H
U
1793
21–23
Oct
ober
Wes
tern
Jam
aica
to
Ber
muda
185
01
4H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1794
28
May
.W
est
of
Jam
aica
186
01
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1794
10–11
Au
gust
New
Orl
ean
s187
35
00
HU
1794
25
Aug.–
1S
ept.
Cuba
toL
ouis
iana
188
79
79
55
36
01
2H
U
1795
20
July
.N
ear
Mouth
of
Mis
siss
ippi
Riv
er
189
37
00
HU
See
also
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p:/
/ww
w.u
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1795
27
July
–3
August
Cen
tral
Lee
war
ds
to
Nort
hC
aroli
na
190
56
11
6H
US
eeal
soR
app
apo
rtan
d
Fer
nan
dez
-Par
tag
as
(19
95
)
1795
2–13
Au
gust
No
rth
of
Pu
erto
Ric
oto
nort
hof
His
pan
oli
ato
Vir
gin
ia
191
57
13
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1795
18–21
Au
gust
No
rth
ern
Lee
war
ds
toC
aico
sIs
lands
192
80
80
14
HU
1795
10
Oct
ober
So
uth
Car
oli
na
193
29
00
TS
1796
25–27
Au
gust
Flo
rid
aS
trai
tsto
Louis
ian
a
194
38
18
HU
See
also
htt
p:/
/ww
w.u
cm.e
s/in
fo/
tro
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al/d
ata.
htm
1796
2–4
Oct
ober
Jam
aica
to
Bah
amas
195
81
81
31
0H
U
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONEST
AB
LE
IV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
This
wo
rkre
-an
aly
sis
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
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storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1797
17–21
Oct
ober
Bah
amas
toS
outh
Car
oli
na
196
58
30
11
1H
U
1799
2–9
June
Cen
tral
Cuba
tooff
U.S
.C
oas
t
197
82
82
31
39
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1799
25
Sep
tem
ber
Ch
arle
ston,S
outh
Car
oli
na
198
32
00
TS
1800
10–18
Au
gust
Lee
war
dIs
lands
to
Louis
ian
a
199
83
24
HU
1800
27–28
Au
gust
Exum
a,G
rand
Bah
amas
200
84
02
HU
1800
2–5
Oct
ober
South
Car
oli
na
201
59
33
02
HU
1800
31
Oct
.–5
Nov.
Jam
aica
toE
aste
rn
Cuba
toC
rooked
Isla
nd
to
Ber
muda
202
83
85
27
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1801
22–25
July
Nas
sau
toG
ulf
of
Mex
ico
203
84
12
HU
1801
15–16
Au
gust
Mobil
e,A
labam
a204
39
00
HU
See
also
htt
p:/
/ww
w.u
cm.e
s/in
fo/
tro
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al/d
ata.
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1802
6–10
Oct
ober
Wes
tof
Jam
aica
205
02
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1803
31
Aug.–
1S
ept.
Nort
hC
aroli
na
206
60
01
2H
U
1803
2–3
Oct
ober
Norf
olk
,V
irgin
ia207
61
13
HU
1804
18–19
Au
gust
Jam
aica
208
01
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
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rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1804
3–12
Sep
tem
ber
Bar
bad
os
toN
ew
En
gla
nd
209
85
62
34
88
4H
U
1804
22–24
Sep
tem
ber
Cu
ba
toS
outh
Car
oli
na
210
86
35
05
TS
1804
4–10
Oct
ober
No
rth
of
Pu
erto
Ric
oto
south
east
New
En
gla
nd
211
63
01
5H
U
1805
27
July
–1
August
27N
58W
to36N
62W
212
87
09
HU
1805
30
Sep
t.–
3O
ct.
Mat
anza
s,C
uba
to
Mai
ne
213
64
09
HU
1806
17–24
Au
gust
17N
57W
to
Car
oli
nas
to
4139N
59W
214
65
36
51
5H
U
1806
26
Aug.–
3S
ept.
Mona
Pas
sage
to
35N
72W
215
88
66
13
6H
U
1806
8–18
Sep
t.D
om
inic
ato
Mis
siss
ippi
216
89
67
40
33
8H
U
1806
27–29
Sep
t.S
outh
Car
oli
na,
Nort
hC
aroli
na
and
Vir
gin
ia
217
68
37
01
0H
U
1806
2–9
Oct
ober
Jam
aica
toS
outh
Car
oli
na
218
90
69
38
28
TS
1807
25
July
Lee
war
dIs
lands
219
91
37
TS
1807
1–5
Sep
tem
ber
Lee
war
dIs
lands
to
Tri
nid
adde
Cuba
220
92
30
TS
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1807
16–20
Oct
ober
Tobag
o-C
ura
cao-
nea
ran
dw
est
of
Jam
aica
221
05
HU
Th
isw
ork
;se
eal
so
Rap
pap
ort
and
Fer
nan
dez
-
Par
tagas
(19
95
)
1809
1–3
Au
gust
Dom
inic
a,
Guad
eloupe
222
93
30
TS
1809
9–13
Oct
ober
Nort
her
nL
eew
ard
Isla
nds
223
94
67
TS
1810
30–31
July
Jam
aica
224
63
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1810
12–15
Au
gust
Tri
nid
adto
nea
r
Jam
aica
225
95
09
HU
Rap
pap
ort
and
Fer
nan
dez
-Par
tag
as
(19
95
)
1810
11–13
Sep
tem
ber
So
uth
Car
oli
na
226
70
39
26
TS
1810
28
Sep
tem
ber
Eas
tern
Cuba
227
96
01
HU
1810
20–27
Oct
ober
So
uth
of
Cu
ba
to
South
wes
t
Atl
anti
c
228
97
21
7H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1811
8–12
Sep
tem
ber
Key
Sal
,C
uba
to
Ch
arle
ston,
South
Car
oli
na
229
71
40
26
HU
1811
11
Oct
ober
Pen
saco
lato
Fort
Sto
ddar
t,
Ala
bam
a
230
41
01
HU
See
also
htt
p:/
/ww
w.u
cm.e
s/in
fo/
tro
pic
al/d
ata.
htm
1811
20–25
Oct
ober
Wes
to
fJa
mai
cato
Cu
ba
231
35
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1812
5–11
June
No
rth
wes
t
Car
ibbea
nS
ea
232
03
TS
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Lo
cali
ties
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1812
8A
ugust
South
Car
oli
na
233
41
00
TS
1812
14–20
Au
gust
Eas
tof
Jam
aica
to
Louis
ian
a
234
98
72
17
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1812
12–17
Oct
ober
Jam
aica
to37N
51W
235
99
01
8H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1813
22–29
July
Bar
bad
os
to3830N
6500W
236
100
74
1H
U
1813
29
July
–3
August
Lee
war
dIs
lands
to
Bel
ize
237
101
11
0H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1813
3–7
Au
gust
2923N
6347W
to
4127N
5619W
238
73
11
2H
U
1813
24–29
Au
gust
Cai
cos
Isla
nds
to
So
uth
Car
oli
na
toV
irg
inia
&
Mar
yla
nd
239
42
22
5H
UT
ann
ehil
l(1
93
8)
1813
25–28
Au
gust
Dom
inic
ato
south
of
Jam
aica
240
102
13
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1814
23–24
July
Do
min
ica
toP
uer
to
Ric
o
241
31
TS
Tan
neh
ill
(19
38
)
1815
27
July
–10
Au
gust
17N
53W
toG
rand
Ban
ks
of
New
foundla
nd
242
103
03
2H
U
1815
26
Aug.–
5S
ept.
16N
51W
tooff
the
U.S
.C
oas
t
243
74
43
42
73
6H
U
1815
16–23
Sep
tem
ber
Mar
tiniq
ue
toN
ew
Engla
nd
244
104
75
43
1H
U
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1815
18–22
Oct
ober
Jam
aica
toC
aico
s
Isla
nds
245
105
51
7H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1816
1–12
June
Wes
to
fJa
mai
cato
South
Flo
rida
to
3128N
6823W
246
61
6H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3);
Th
is
wo
rk
1816
3–11
Sep
tem
ber
Mar
tin
ique
to
east
ern
Cuba
to
South
Car
oli
na
247
44
31
0H
UT
his
wo
rk
1816
15–25
Sep
tem
ber
Do
min
ica
to38N
70W
248
106
45
33
6H
U
1817
1–9
Au
gust
To
bag
oto
Pen
nsy
lvan
ia
249
76
46
12
6H
U
1817
20–26
Oct
ober
Bar
bad
os
to
Nic
arag
ua
250
107
16
3H
U
1818
26
Aug.–
5S
ept.
26N
50W
to5002N
2648W
251
04
6H
UT
ann
ehil
l(1
93
8)
1818
10–16
Sep
tem
ber
Yu
cata
nto
Tex
asto
Mis
siss
ippi
252
108
77
00
HU
1818
21–28
Sep
tem
ber
Lee
war
dIs
lands
to
Nort
hA
tlan
tic
253
109
05
8H
U
1818
12–14
Oct
ober
No
rth
east
of
Jam
aica
to
cen
tral
Bah
amas
254
01
5H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1818
6–13
Nov.
So
uth
wes
t
Car
ibbea
nto
Jam
aica
toC
uba
255
110
12
4H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETHT
AB
LE
IV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
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fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
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storm
consu
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item
sfr
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max
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m
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Loca
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esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1819
24–30
July
Bah
amas
to
Mis
siss
ippi
256
78
01
2H
U
1819
19–26
Sep
tem
ber
1530N
56W
to
3026N
6755W
257
111
06
6H
UT
ann
ehil
l(1
93
8)
1819
13–15
Oct
ober
Lee
war
dIs
lands
258
112
02
2H
U
1819
27–28
Oct
ober
Cuba
toB
aham
as259
113
02
TS
Tan
neh
ill
(19
38
)
1820
8–10
Sep
tem
ber
Flo
rid
ato
Nort
h
Car
oli
na
260
79
47
01
9H
U
1820
26
Sep
t.–
1O
ct.
Do
min
ica
toH
aiti
toS
outh
Car
oli
na
261
48
13
1H
UT
his
wo
rk
1821
1–9
Sep
tem
ber
Guad
eloupe
to
wes
tern
Cuba
262
114
01
9T
ST
his
wo
rk
1821
1–3
Sep
tem
ber
Off
US
Coas
tto
New
Yo
rkC
ity
263
115
80
03
3H
UP
rev
iou
sly
lin
ked
wit
h
above
1821
9–17
Sep
tem
ber
An
tigua
toU
.S.
Gulf
Coas
t
264
116
81
15
1H
U
1822
7–9
July
Cen
tral
U.S
.G
ulf
Co
ast
265
82
16
HU
1822
25–28
Sep
tem
ber
Bah
amas
toN
ort
h
Car
oli
na
266
83
49
02
6H
U
1822
13–22
Dec
ember
Eas
tern
Car
ibbea
n
Sea
to
Mar
tiniq
ue
to
Ven
ezuel
a
267
117
12
3H
U
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1823
8–10
July
Cura
cao
tonea
r
Jam
aica
268
03
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1823
2–3
Au
gust
Sea
sso
uth
of
Jam
aica
269
01
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1823
11–14
Sep
tem
ber
2324N
9504W
to
Cen
tral
U.S
.
Gulf
Coas
t
270
84
19
HU
1824
7–15
Sep
tem
ber
Guad
eloupe
to
Geo
rgia
and
South
Car
oli
na
271
118
50
05
7H
U
1824
26–27
Sep
tem
ber
1630N
south
of
Jam
aica
272
02
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1825
28
May
–5
June
So
uth
east
of
Jam
aica
to
Flo
rid
ato
37N
74W
273
85
51
03
5H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1825
25
July
–2
August
Lee
war
dIs
lands
to
38N
6650W
274
119
86
17
1H
U
1825
28
Sep
t.–
3O
ct.
Hai
tito
nort
hea
st
coas
tof
Flo
rida
275
120
02
0H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1826
31
Aug.–
10
Sep
t.D
om
inic
ato
nea
r
Jam
aica
to
Gra
nd
Ban
ks
276
121
15
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
);B
oo
se
etal
.(2
00
4)
1827
17–23
Au
gust
An
tigua
toJa
mai
ca
toV
era
Cru
z,
Mex
ico
277
07
5H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
and
this
wo
rk
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETHT
AB
LE
IV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1827
20–27
Au
gust
No
rth
ern
Lee
war
ds
toN
ewE
ngla
nd
278
122
87
52
07
3H
U
1827
27
Aug.–
5S
ept.
No
rth
ern
Lee
war
ds
toN
ort
hw
est
Flo
rid
a
279
123
02
0H
U
1827
29
Aug.–
8S
ep.
No
rth
of
Lee
war
ds
to3
650N
6650W
280
124
01
5T
S
1828
15–20
Sep
tem
ber
18N
60W
to44N
5218W
281
125
02
6H
U
1829
9–13
July
Gulf
of
Mex
ico
282
88
02
TS
1829
23–30
Au
gust
So
uth
Car
oli
na
to
3830N
6609W
283
53
01
8H
UT
his
wo
rk
1830
3–9
Au
gust
Tri
nid
adto
Wes
tern
Cu
ba
284
126
02
5H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1830
11–19
Au
gust
Lee
war
dIs
lands
to
South
Car
oli
na
to4
3N
58W
285
127
89
54
07
3H
U
1830
19–26
Au
gust
No
rth
of
Lee
war
d
Isla
nds
to37N
69W
286
128
90
02
8H
U
1830
29
Sep
t.–
1O
ct.
2246N
65W
to
4025N
5824W
287
129
01
6H
U
1830
6O
cto
ber
So
uth
Car
oli
na
288
55
00
TS
1831
10
June
No
rth
east
coas
tof
Flo
rid
a
289
130
91
03
TS
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Moder
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1831
22–28
June
So
uth
of
Bar
bad
os
to
Yu
cata
n
290
131
02
7H
U
1831
10–17
Au
gust
Bar
bad
os
to
Louis
ian
a
291
132
08
0H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1831
27–30
Au
gust
Wes
tern
Louis
iana
292
92
05
HU
1832
5–8
June
Nas
sau
toB
erm
uda
293
133
03
0H
U
1832
12–18
Au
gust
Key
Wes
tto
NW
Flo
rid
ato
South
Car
oli
na
294
56
09
HU
1832
21
August
1251N
3926W
295
01
TS
Red
fiel
d(1
85
4)
1832
23–27
Au
gust
Cen
tral
Lee
war
d
Isla
nds
toea
stof
Jam
aica
296
134
01
8H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1832
14
Oct
ober
South
Car
oli
na
297
57
00
TS
1833
10
August
So
uth
Car
oli
na
298
58
00
TS
1833
14–20
Au
gust
St.
Kit
tsto
23N
66W
299
01
0T
ST
ann
ehil
l(1
93
8)
1833
4–5
Sep
tem
ber
Wes
tern
Louis
iana
300
93
03
TS
1833
14
Sep
tem
ber
So
uth
Car
oli
na
301
59
00
TS
Mo
ck(2
00
4)
1833
16–19
Oct
ober
Cu
ba,
Gu
lfof
Mex
ico
302
135
00
TS
1834
3–6
Sep
tem
ber
Off
Geo
rgia
coas
tto
39N
67W
303
94
60
01
5H
U
1834
5–7
Sep
tem
ber
Gu
lfof
Mex
ico
to
Wes
tern
Louis
iana
304
95
04
TS
1834
20–30
Sep
tem
ber
Cen
tral
Lee
war
d
Isla
nds
toW
este
rn
Louis
ian
a
305
136
96
02
5H
U
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETHT
AB
LE
IV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1835
12–18
Au
gust
1655N
5345W
to
Rio
Gra
nde,
Tex
as
306
137
97
04
4H
U
1835
2–13
Sep
tem
ber
Bar
bad
os
toN
ort
h
Car
oli
na
307
138
98
01
8H
UR
eid
(18
49
)
1835
15–19
Sep
tem
ber
Key
Wes
tto
3109N
78W
toS
outh
Car
oli
na
308
99
61
01
5H
U
1835
22–29
Oct
ober
Tu
rks
Isla
nd
to
South
Car
oli
na
309
62
01
6H
UT
his
wo
rk
1836
2–3
Sep
tem
ber
Cay
man
Isla
nds
310
03
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1836
9–11
Oct
ober
So
uth
Car
oli
na
to
Nort
hC
aroli
na
311
100
63
08
HU
1837
9–12
July
Bar
bad
os
to
His
pan
oli
a
312
139
01
6T
S
1837
26
July
–5
August
Bar
bad
os
to
Geo
rgia
313
140
101
03
4H
U
1837
1–7
Au
gust
Lee
war
dIs
lands
to
Nort
hw
est
Flo
rid
a
314
141
102
64
07
6H
U
1837
13–23
Au
gust
18N
60W
toS
E
U.S
.co
ast
to
39N
58W
315
142
103
65
05
8H
U
1837
23–25
Au
gust
28N
61W
to3537N
5742W
316
04
HU
Rei
d(1
83
8)
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONEST
AB
LE
IV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Lo
cali
ties
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1837
30
Aug.–
2S
ept.
No
rth
wes
tF
lori
da
toN
ort
h
Car
oli
na
317
143
104
66
01
3H
U
1837
11–16
Sep
tem
ber
Nas
sau
to31N
71W
318
105
01
8H
U
1837
22
Sep
t.–
10
Oct
.B
arbad
os
to33N
76W
319
144
106
67
02
5H
U
1837
18–26
Oct
ober
20N
75W
toC
uba
320
145
01
2H
U
1838
20–21
May
Wes
to
fJa
mai
ca321
02
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1838
3Ju
ne
So
uth
Car
oli
na
322
68
00
TS
1838
15–21
June
Flo
rid
aS
trai
tsto
So
uth
Car
oli
na
to4
011N
44W
323
69
02
2H
UT
his
wo
rk
1838
29
July
–12
Au
gust
Nort
hea
st
Car
ibbea
nto
Tex
as
324
07
HU
Tan
neh
ill
(19
38
)
1838
2–4
Sep
tem
ber
2948N
6806W
to
37N
66W
325
01
4H
UR
eid
(18
49
),T
ann
ehil
l
(19
38
)
1838
30
Aug.–
13
Sep
t.B
arb
ados
tooff
U.S
.C
oas
t
326
146
70
08
6H
U
1838
28–30
Sep
tem
ber
South
Car
oli
na
to
off
SE
U.S
.
Coas
t
327
71
08
TS
Tan
neh
ill
(19
38
);T
his
wo
rk
1839
23
Aug.–
1S
ept.
17N
62W
toN
ort
h
Car
oli
na
to
Gra
nd
Ban
ks
328
107
72
02
7H
U
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETHT
AB
LE
IV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mo
ckH
erre
raT
his
wo
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sis
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nca
len
dar
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lum
(20
04
)et
al.(2
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dat
esar
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sed
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of
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sto
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nu
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33
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18
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33
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33
41
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33
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18
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33
61
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18
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11
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18
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33
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18
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Jack
sonv
ille
33
90
0T
SS
and
rik
and
Lan
dse
a(2
00
3);
Th
isw
ork
18
42
24
Au
g.–
8S
ept.
Lee
war
dIs
lan
ds
to
Rio
Gra
nd
e,T
exas
34
01
50
11
40
66
HU
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Moder
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbook
sn
ewsp
aper
sin
ten
sity
Oth
erre
fere
nce
san
dn
ote
s
1842
9–30
Sep
tem
ber
Tobag
oto
Gulf
of
Mex
ico
to
New
foundla
nd
341
115
01
8H
U
1842
30
Sep
t.–
9O
ct.
St.
Th
om
asto
Louis
ian
ato
Flo
rida
toB
erm
uda
342
151
116
74
05
0H
U
1842
24–27
Oct
ober
South
wes
to
fM
adei
ra
ton
ort
hea
stof
Mad
eira
343
152
01
HU
1842
24
Oct
.–1
Nov.
Off
Flo
rid
ato
Ber
muda
344
75
01
4T
ST
ann
ehil
l(1
93
8);
Th
isw
ork
1843
11–14
July
Jam
aica
toF
lori
da
Key
s
345
02
TS
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
)
1843
15–20
August
Nort
ho
fL
eew
ard
Isla
nds
toN
ova
Sco
tia
346
01
7H
UT
ann
ehil
l(1
93
8)
1843
13–15
Sep
tem
ber
Cen
tral
Flo
rida
to
Mar
yla
nd
347
117
76
07
HU
1844
4–5
Au
gust
Mat
amo
ros,
Mex
ico
348
118
03
HU
1844
8-1
6S
epte
mb
erC
entr
alF
lori
da
to
So
uth
Car
oli
na
to
No
rth
Atl
anti
c
349
119
77
02
5H
UT
his
wo
rk
1844
25
Sep
t.–
2O
ct.
South
ern
Lee
war
ds
to
Jam
aica
toK
eyW
est
350
01
4T
SR
eid
(18
49
),C
hen
owet
h
(20
03
)
1844
30
Sep
t.–
7O
ct.
Bar
bad
os
toC
uba
351
153
120
01
28
HU
Ch
enow
eth
(20
03
);se
con
d
of
two
sto
rms
1845
27–29
Oct
ober
Ber
mu
da
to37N
53W
352
154
03
HU
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETH
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
This
wo
rkre
-an
aly
sis
Moder
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
ran
ge
Lo
cali
ties
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1846
5–11
Sep
tem
ber
Nort
hea
sto
fC
rooked
Isla
nd
to35N
7330W
353
121
04
2H
U
1846
10–24
Sep
tem
ber
Lee
war
dIs
lands
to
5130N
2730W
354
155
01
18
HU
1846
14
Sep
tem
ber
So
uth
Car
oli
na
355
78
00
TS
1846
5–13
Oct
ober
14N
72W
toA
tlan
tic
Co
ast
356
156
122
79
08
7H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3)
1847
10–13
Oct
ober
12N
54W
toV
enez
uel
a357
157
02
5H
U
1848
19
Aug.–
2S
ept.
Eas
tof
Bar
bad
os
to
42N
43W
358
158
07
5H
U
1848
23–28
Sep
tem
ber
25N
90W
toG
rand
Ban
ks
of
New
foundla
nd
359
123
06
2H
U
1848
17–24
Sep
tem
ber
Nort
hea
sto
fL
eew
ard
Isla
nds
to4824N
5001W
360
159
04
9H
U
1848
28–29
Sep
tem
ber
Wes
tof
Cap
eV
erde
361
00
TS
Pid
din
gto
n(1
86
0)
1848
5–15
Oct
ober
Cuba
ton
ear
South
Car
oli
na
to3900N
4930W
362
124
80
05
8H
U
1849
4–15
Sep
tem
ber
26N
60W
toS
outh
Tex
as
363
125
01
6H
U
1849
10–22
Sep
tem
ber
26N
6620W
toN
assa
u
toN
ort
hC
aroli
na
to
Ber
mu
da
364
81
04
8H
U
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
TA
BL
EIV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1850
10–19
July
Lee
war
dIs
lands
to
New
Engla
nd
365
126
07
5H
U
1850
16–25
Au
gust
Bar
bad
os
to36N
75W
366
160
127
82
06
7H
U
1850
2–9
Sep
tem
ber
Cap
eV
erd
eto
42N
28W
367
161
07
HU
CL
IWO
Cd
ata
ind
icat
eso
ne
sto
rm,n
ot
two
as
reco
rded
inP
oey
1850
4–10
Sep
tem
ber
3158N
75W
to
No
rth
Atl
anti
c
368
128
03
6H
U
1850
14–18
Oct
ober
2459N
4710W
to
2558N
4119W
369
162
03
HU
1851
16–28
Au
gust
13.4
N4
8.0
Wto
48.5
N5
4.2
W
370
163
83
01
27
HU
Sto
rmN
o.4
of
18
51
in
HU
RD
AT
1851
7–8
Novem
ber
Wes
tern
Jam
aica
371
01
8H
UC
hen
owet
h(2
00
3);
No
t
pre
sen
tly
incl
ud
edin
HU
RD
AT
1852
19–30
Au
gust
20.5
N6
7.1
Wto
41.0
N6
8.0
W
372
129
84
02
8H
US
torm
No
.1
of
18
52
in
HU
RD
AT
1852
3–13
Sep
tem
ber
An
tigua
toF
lori
da
Key
sto
Tam
pa
to3
5N
6545W
373
130
85
03
5H
UM
erg
ero
fS
torm
sN
o.2
and
3in
HU
RD
AT
1852
21
Sep
t.–
3O
ct.
16.1
N5
8.5
Wto
3650N
3230W
374
164
07
5H
US
torm
No
.4
of
18
52
in
HU
RD
AT
1852
5–11
Oct
ober
Wes
tern
Jam
aica
to
3923N
6840W
375
165
86
02
3H
US
torm
No
.5
of
18
52
in
HU
RD
AT
;R
app
apo
rt
and
Fer
nan
dez
-Par
tagas
(19
95
)
(Con
tinu
edon
next
page
)
M. CHENOWETHT
AB
LE
IV
(Con
tinu
ed)
Gar
cia-
Mock
Her
rera
Th
isw
ork
re-a
nal
ysi
s
Mo
der
nca
len
dar
Poey
Mil
las
Ludlu
m(2
004)
etal
.(2
005)
dat
esar
euse
dF
inal
acce
pte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dac
cepte
dN
um
ber
of
Nu
mb
ero
fE
stim
ated
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
storm
consu
lted
item
sfr
om
max
imu
m
Yea
rD
ate
range
Loca
liti
esnum
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
num
ber
logbooks
new
spap
ers
inte
nsi
tyO
ther
refe
ren
ces
and
no
tes
1853
30
Aug.–
10
Sep
t.1
2.1
N2
3.2
W–
4710N
2530W
376
166
131
06
6H
US
torm
No
.3
of
18
53
in
HU
RD
AT
1853
26–28
Sep
tem
ber
25.8
N6
2.0
Wto
3510N
5320W
377
167
05
HU
Sto
rmN
o.6
of
18
53
in
HU
RD
AT
1853
28–29
Sep
tem
ber
15N
3710W
378
168
01
TS
Sto
rmN
o.7
of
18
53
in
HU
RD
AT
1853
19–25
Oct
ober
2730N
7830W
to
Nova
Sco
tia
379
87
02
6H
US
torm
No
.8
of
18
53
in
HU
RD
AT
1854
3–12
Sep
tem
ber
Nas
sau
to3
8N
4530W
380
132
88
08
0H
US
torm
No
.3
of
18
54
in
HU
RD
AT
1854
9–21
Sep
tem
ber
Lee
war
dIs
lands
to
Tex
as
381
133
01
5H
US
torm
No
.4
of
18
54
in
HU
RD
AT
;C
hen
owet
h
(20
03
)
1854
18–22
Oct
ober
No
rth
of
St.
Th
om
asto
nort
hea
stof
Ber
mu
da
382
169
02
6H
US
torm
No
.5
of
18
54
in
HU
RD
AT
1855
24–31
Au
gust
12.0
N5
5.9
Wto
Lo
uis
ian
a
383
170
04
5H
US
torm
No
.5
of
18
55
in
HU
RD
AT
;C
hen
owet
h
(20
03
)
456
56
06
REASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES
The records of Poey (1855), Millas (1968), Ludlum (1963), Mock (2004) andGarcia-Herrera et al. (2005) in Table IV, along with previous and new work by thisauthor, provides a “comprehensive” chronology of Atlantic basin storms through1850 and a partial list for 1851–1855 which should be used in combination with thecurrent HURDAT lists for 1851–2004 (Landsea et al., 2004). This final “comprehen-sive” chronology lists all of the published information available as of 2005 and con-sists of 383 published, independently-confirmed tropical cyclones for 1700–1855.It should replace all previous hurricane chronologies prior to 1851. The most com-plete list of post-1850 Atlantic tropical cyclones is found in HURDAT but Table IVadds to and corrects HURDAT. The “comprehensive” chronology in Table IV shouldnow finally replace Poey’s list, and succeeding chronologies published since thattime for years prior to 1851. Tables I, III and IV are also included on the author’sweb site hosted at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/chenowethcc05.pdf.
8. Conclusions and Summary
A new analysis of Atlantic basin tropical cyclones for the period 1700–1855 wascompared against the previously published chronology of Poey (1855). Thirty-sevenpercent of the entries were found to be in error and rejected. Since the Poey recordhas been used in lists of Atlantic basin tropical cyclones for nearly 150 years, thiserror rate makes these lists of little use for serious climatological research. Otherhistorical records of tropical cyclones by Millas (1968) and Ludlum (1963) werealso compared with the new chronology. Millas was found to have continued topropagate errors from Poey’s list, corrected others, and added both new stormsand new errors. Ludlum was more successful in correctly dating and identifyingtropical cyclones based largely on his use of primary sources, and searching formultiple independent sources before accepting them. Millas, in turn, largely read thesecondary literature, which is often flawed. Mock (2004) and Garcia-Herrera et al.(2005) have also made important contributions to the chronology from originaldocuments in archives in South Carolina and Spain.
The new chronology, including 383 unique storms from 1700 through 1855,should now replace all previous compilations of pre-1851 Atlantic basin tropi-cal cyclones, as it is based on the most exhaustive search of primary documentsever done for the basin as a whole. Other research projects, such as that of theClimate of the World’s Oceans (CLIWOC) (www.nmm.ac.uk and the CLIWOChomepage at http://www.ucm.es/info(reclido/en/home-en.htm), provide additionalinformation on ships’ logbooks and climate reconstruction, that is of interest fortropical cyclone reconstruction. Readers interested in post-1850 records shouldconsult the HURDAT data set (Landsea et al., 2004), Chenoweth (2003) and Mock(2004) as well as Table IV of this work. The inclusion of this data into HURDAT isplanned.
M. CHENOWETH
Acknowledgments
Professor Cary Mock, Department of Geography, University of South Carolina atColumbia generously provided his newly-compiled list of South Carolina historicaltropical cyclones for use in this work. The author also acknowledges the threereferees who provided valuable suggestions and critical commentary.
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(Received 6 August 2004; in revised form 19 July 2005)