a regional perspective from latin america
TRANSCRIPT
A Regional Perspective A Regional Perspective from Latin Americafrom Latin America
Sergio SanchezThe Clean Air Institute
Washington DCFebruary 15, 2008
The Latin American The Latin American and Caribbean Regionand Caribbean Region
• 556 million inhabitants – 175 million in 1950
• 1.3% growth rate in 2006.• Most urbanized region of developing
world• Outlook 2030:• 175 million people in addition
living in urban areas.• 9 /10 of population living in cities• Triple vehicle fleet• Double energy use (most growth
linked to transport sector
Transport Sector: Largest Transport Sector: Largest air pollution source in LACair pollution source in LAC
• Transport is a major source of air pollution in most LAC cities.
• Air pollution is a serious problem in an increasing number of Latin American Cities.
• Ozone and Respirable Particles are major air pollution issues
Fuente: SMA, Gobierno del Distrito Federal, 2004b
Impacts of air pollut ionImpacts of air pollut ion• 110 premature deaths/hour globally• PM10 premature deaths could double to 2030.• Premature deaths caused by ozone would
quadruple worldwide by 2030.• Developing countries most affected.• In LAC, >100 M inhabitants are exposed to air
pollution levels exceeding WHO standards.• Air pollution costs in LAC: 1-2% of GDP (WB
2007).
The transport sector is the The transport sector is the fastest growing GHG fastest growing GHG source source
• 1970-2004, GHG from the transport sector increased by 120% globally
• 1990-2002, CO2 emissions doubled in China, Indonesia and South Korea.
• By 2020, soaring increases expected in China (143%), Indonesia (122%), India (91%) and Mexico (71%).
Motorization: a global Motorization: a global threatthreat
• In 2007, 71.9 million new automobiles sold worldwide.
• Markets in South-America and Asia are growing strongly.
Source: "2008 Global Market Data Book", Automotive News, p. 5
Public transport share is Public transport share is diminishingdiminishing
CityEarlier year
Public transport as a percentage of motorzied trips Last year
Public transport as a percentage of motorzied trips
Bangkok 1970 53 1990 39
Buenos Aires 1993 49 1999 33
Kuala Lumpur 1985 34 1997 19
Mexico City 1984 80 1994 72
Moscow 1990 87 1997 83
Sao Paulo 1977 46 1997 33
Seoul 1970 67 1992 61
Tokyo 1970 65 1990 48
Shanghai 1986 24 1995 15
Warsaw 1987 80 1998 53Source: Fulton & Wright
Traffic congestion:Traffic congestion:Among the worst in the Among the worst in the
worldworldSao Paulo
37 percent increase on registered vehicles since 2003. Record gridlock of 266 km on May 9 2006. Daily average trip: 1 hour, 40 minutes Congestion economic cost: 4.1 billion reais/year.
Source: Sao Paulo Traffic Jams Mean Lost Business, Stress, Helicopters, Bloomberg, July 14, 2008
Mexico City
Roughly 4 million vehicles. Vehicle fleet has doubled in the last 15 years regardless economic
fluctuations. More than 300 thousand vehicles added to circulation each year, only
10% retires. Average speed at peak hour: less than 10 km/hr. Average time trip: 1 - 1.5 hrs.
Car accidents are growing Car accidents are growing upup
• 1999, 23 - 34 million people were injured in road crashes worldwide (underestimated).
• Road crashes may be costing closer to 2 per cent of GNP per annum.
• Global cost in 1998: ~ US$520billion.
• Cost in the LMC regions: ~ US$65 billion.
• People killed in road crashes in the developing world continues to increase.
The World Bank, DFID (UK) and TRL.
Regional GEF Sustainable Regional GEF Sustainable Transport and Air Quality ProgramTransport and Air Quality Program
• Purpose – Reduce GHG and improve air quality by supporting
policy development and barriers removal for SUT.
• Four Projects– A) Argentina, b) Brazil, c) Mexico and c) Regional.
• Financiamiento– Up to $79.3 million USD
• Includes $20.8 million USD 4-year funding from the GEF.• $2.9 million USD for the Regional Project
Regional GEF Sustainable Transport Regional GEF Sustainable Transport and Air Quality Programand Air Quality Program
Regional ProjectRegional Project
Assessment of Transport Interventions, Technical Assistance and Training, Policy development, Supporting Monitoring and Evaluation
Mexico Mexico ProjectProject
Integrated Integrated Land Use Land Use Transport Transport PlanningPlanning
Freight Freight ManagemeManageme
ntnt
Public Public Transport Transport
ImprovemeImprovementnt
Non-Non-Motorized Motorized TransportTransport
Demand Demand ManagemeManageme
ntnt
Brazil Brazil ProjectProject
Argentina Argentina ProjectProject
Municipalit ies, national governments, Municipalit ies, national governments, private sector businesses, private sector businesses, international development international development
organizations, universit ies, organizations, universit ies, professional associat ions, social professional associat ions, social
community organizations, communit ies community organizations, communit ies and individualsand individuals
Working together to improve air quality, mitigate climate change
and enhance quality of life
