a repot on gsm i2c based gsm controlled utomatic irrigation system

7/27/2019 a repot on gsm i2c based gsm controlled utomatic irrigation system

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MAXIMS I2C PROTOCAL BASED

R T C & GSM CONTROLLED DEVICE

FOR T IM E D I RR IG AT ION


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/

I


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Table Of Contents10 Bascom AVR Software 31

10.1 Introduction 3111 Conclusion 3212 Future Scope 3313 Advantages 3414 Disadvantages 35

Appendix A


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S.No.

Fig.No.

Table Of Figures

Figure TitlePg.No.

1 1.1 Project Image 32 2.1 7805 IC 43 2.2 7805 Circuit 1 54 2.3 7805 Circuit 2 65 3.1 Atmega 16 76 3.2 Pin Diagram of Atmega 16 87 3.3 PCB Layout of Microcontroller 118 3.4 Architecture of atmega 16 129 4.1 Real Time Clock Block Diagram 14

10 4.2 Real Time Clock Image 15

11 4.3 : PCB Layout of Microcontroller 1612 5.1 ULN2003A Logic diagram 1813 5.2 ULN2003A Circuit Description 1914 6.1 LCD 2015 6.2 LCD Layers 2116 7.1 Relay 2417 7.2 Relay Working 2618 8.1 Upper View of PCB in DIPTRACE 2819 8.2 Bottom View of PCB in DIPTRACE 2921 9.1 Schematic Diagram in Proteus 3022 10.1 Bascom 31


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List Of Tab le

S. No. Table No. Table TiTle Page No.

1 3.1 Pin Description 9


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INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT

Chapter 1

As we all know that agriculture is the widest field in our country. Here around 75 percent

of population depends on this field. We live in a world where everything can be

controlled and operated automatically, but there are still a few important sectors in our

country where automation has not been adopted or not been put to a full fledged use,

perhaps because of several reasons, one such reason is cost. One such field is that of

agriculture. Agriculture has been one of the primary occupations of man since earlycivilization and even today manual interventions in farming are invertible. Automation

is the control process of industrial machinery and processes, thereby replacing human

operators.

1.1 CURRENT SCNEARIO :

Though the technology has grown many fields in our country still many in our country

used the same age old method of farming and irrigation. Farmers still go early in theextreme weather condition to irrigate their fields. Even the electricity is uncertain in our

country, power cut off is very common in India and therefore it become impossible for

farmers to deliver water in the right amount at right time.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT :

1. It is found that power cut off everyday hampers the growth of agriculture sector.

Farmers have to go the fields according to the power supply.


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2. Farmers need to wake up very early in morning to start the motor to irrigate the field.

Is there any automated system which could start the motor according to the time adjusted

in the system, farmers need not go early in the monitor to their fields.

1.3 PROPOSED MODEL:

The proposed system in which a real time clock is set & a GSM Module is used. The

time at which the person wants to irrigate the fields is set and the time to switch off the

power is also set.

As the time of power on is matched to the current time the motor for irrigating the field

will automatically starts up and water supply to the field takes place.

And when the current time matched to off time of rtc the motor will automatically turn

off.We can control this system by sending SMS too.

1.4 PORJECT WORKING :

1. Firstly we will set the on time and off time in microcontroller.2. Every minutes microcontroller checks the on time ( as we have already set ) and

current time.

3. As the on time matches the current time, the microcontroller will enter into a loop

which gives a positive signal to ULN 2003A (relay driving ic).

4. The ULN 2003A triggers the relay normally open (NO) to normally closed and loop

is closed between the power supply and motor, which starts motor.

5. Now microcontroller is checking for offtime.

6. As the off time matches the current time, the microcontroller willautomatically

triggers back the relay from normally closed (NC) to normally open (NO) and the

conducting path ( closed loop) breaks.

7. Hence, the motor will automaticallystopped.8. If due to some drastic condition of weather field is flooded we can stop the system bysending a SMS.


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3


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7805 REGULATED CIRCUITS

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter-2

The 78xx (sometimes LM78xx) is a family of self-contained fixed voltage regulated

integrated circuit. The 78xx family is commonly used in electronic circuits requiring a

regulated power supply due to their ease-of-use and low cost.

Fixed voltage Positive and Negative regulator ICs are used in circuits to give

precise regulated voltage. 78 XX series regulator IC can handle maximum 1 ampere

current. The Regulator ICs require minimum 1.5 higher input voltage than their voltage

rating. For example 7805 IC requires minimum 6.5 volts to give 5 volt output. Here are

some circuit designs of IC 7805 to monitor the outputvoltage.

Fig. : 2.1- 7805 IC


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2.2. 7805 Circuit 1

This circuit can tell whether the IC 7805 is giving output or not. IC 7805 requires

minimum 6.5 volt input to give 5 volt regulated output. When the input voltage is above

6.5 volts, Zener conducts and LED turns on indicating sufficient input voltage. Diffuse

type Red LED requires 1.8 volts and Zener 4.7 volts .So to activate both these, input

voltage should be minimum 6.5 volts. If the input voltage drops below 6.5 volts, Zener

cutoff and LED turns off. This indicates the zero output from the regulatorIC.

.

2.3. 7805 Circuit 2

Fig. : 2.2- 7805 circuit 1

This is a simple LED monitor to tell the output voltage from 7805. If the inputvoltage is above 6.5 volts, LED shows full brightness. When the input voltage reduces

below 6.5 volts, brightness of LED decreases


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Fig. : 2.3- 7805 circuit 2

2.4 Silent features

Some 78xx series ICs

regulated source of pow

do not require additional components to provide a constant,

r, making them easy to use, as well as economical and efficiente


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uses of space. Other voltage regulators may require additional components to set the

output voltage level, or to assist in the regulation process other designs may need

substantial engineering expertise to implement.

78xx series ICs have built-in protection against a circuit drawing too much power.

They have protection ag inst overheating and short-circuits, making them quite robust inmost applications. In some cases, the current-limiting features of the 8xx devices can

provide protection not only for the 78xx itself, but also for other parts of the circuit.

78xx ICs are easy to use and handle but these cannot give an altering voltage

required so LM317 series of ICs are available to obtain a voltage output from 1.25 volts

to 37 volts.

a

7


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MICROCONTROLLER ATMEGA 16

3.1. Introduction to ATmega 16 Microcontroller:

Fig. : 3.1- Atmega 16

Chapter- 3

ATm

ega

16 is

basic

ally

from

atmel

's

microcont

roller

famil

y

with

8 kb

flash

mem

ory.

This

micr

ocont

roller

work

s at

16MI

PS.

Easy

to

confi

gure

as


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well as program. Advantages of this microcontroller are there

are so many applications of this microcontroller in practical work

3.2 Featur

es Includes High Throughput Atmel ATMega16 Microcontrollerwith 8kb Internal Flash

Progra

m Memory

OperatingSpeed at8MHz Direct In-Circuit Programming NoAdditional Programmer Required Up to 28 I/O points with easy toconnect standard headers RS232Connection withMAX232

Int

ernal EEPROM

8

Channel 10-bit A/D Convertor


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One 16-bit Timer with Two 8-bit Timers

Power, Programming and Test LED Reset Button

The ATmega16 microcontroller used in this lab is a 40-pin wide DIP (Dual In

Line) package chip. This chip was selected because it is robust, and the DIP package

interfaces with prototyping supplies like solderless bread boards and solder-type perf-

boards. This same microcontroller is available in a surface mount package, about the size

of a dime. Surface mount devices are more useful for circuit boards built for mass

production. Figure below shows the pin-out diagram of the ATmega16. This diagram is

very useful, because it tells you where power and ground should be connected, which

pins tie to which functional hardware, etc.

Fig.3.2 : Pin diagram of atmega 16


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Table No. 3.1:- Pin Discription:

PinNo. Pin name Description Alternate Function

1 (XCK/T0) PB0 I/O PORTB,Pin 0T0: Timer0 External Counter Input.XCK : USART External Clock I/O

2 (T1) PB1 I/O PORTB,Pin 1 T1:Timer1 External Counter Input

3 (INT2/AIN0) PB2 I/O PORTB,Pin 2AIN0: Analog Comparator Positive I/PINT2: External Interrupt 2 Input

4 (OC0/AIN1) PB3I/O PORTB,Pin 3

AIN1: Analog Comparator Negative I/P

OC0 : Timer0 Output Compare MatchOutput

5 (SS) PB4 I/O PORTB,Pin 4

In System Programmer (ISP)Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)

6 (MOSI) PB5 I/O PORTB,Pin 5

7 (MISO) PB6 I/O PORTB,Pin 6

8 (SCK) PB7 I/O PORTB,Pin 7

9 RESETReset Pin,Active LowReset

10 Vcc Vcc = +5V

11 GND GROUND

12 XTAL2 Output to Inverting Oscillator Amplifier

13 XTAL1 Input to Inverting Oscillator Amplifier

14 (RXD) PD0 I/O PORTD,

Pin 0 USART Serial Communication Interface15 (TXD) PD1 I/O PORTD,Pin 1

16 (INT0) PD2 I/O PORTD,Pin 2 External Interrupt INT0

9


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38 PA2 (ADC2) I/O PORTA,Pin 2

ADC Channel 2

39 PA1 (ADC1) I/O PORTA,Pin 1

ADC Channel 1

40 PA0 (ADC0) I/O PORTA,

Pin 0ADC Channel 0

Layout of Microcontroller PCB in DIPTRACE:

Fig. 3.3 : PCB Layout of Microcontroller


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3.3. Architecture of ATmega16:

The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working

registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),

allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in

one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving

throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers Figure bellow

shows overall block diagram and architecture of ATmega16 microcontroller.

Fig. : 3.4- Architecture of atmega 16


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Architecture of ATmega16 consist of several blocks in which some blocks are

important such as, ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), EEPROM, General purpose register,

Program counter, Flash Memory, Instruction Register and Decoder, Input Module,

Interrupt Unit, Comparator, Status and Control.


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RTC DS 1307

Chapter 4

4.1 Introd

uction:

A real-

time

clock

(RTC )

is a

compute

r clock

(most

often inthe form

of an

integrate


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d circuit) that keeps track of the current time.

Although the term often refers to the devices in

personal computers, servers and embedded systems,

RTCs are present in almost any electronic device

which needs to keep accurate time.

Fig4.1. - Real Time ClockBlock Diagram

4.2 Termi

nology

The

term is

used to

avoid

confusio

n with

ordinary

hardwar

e clocks

whichare only

signals

that

govern

digital

electroni

cs, and

do not

count

time in

human

units.

RTC

should

not beconfuse

d with

real-


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time computing, which shares its three-letter acronym,

but does not directly relate to time of day.


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4.3 Purpose

Although keeping time can be done without an RTC, using one has benefits:

Low power consumption (important when running from alternate power) Frees the main system for time-critical tasks

Sometimes more accurate than other methods

Fig.4.2 Real Time Clock Image


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Layout of RTC PCB in DIPTRACE:

Fig.4.3 : PCB Layout of Microcontroller

4.4 Power Source

RTCs often have an alternate source of power, so they can continue to keep time while

the primary source of power is off or unavailable. This alternate source of power is

normally a lithium battery in older systems, but some newer systems use a

supercapacitor,because they are rechargeable and can be soldered. The alternate power

source can also supply power to battery backed RAM.


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4.5 Timing

Most RTCs use a crystal oscillator, but some use the power line frequency. In many cases

the oscillator's frequency is 32.768 kHz. This is the same frequency used in quartz clocks

and watches, and for the same reasons, namely that the frequency is exactly 2 cycles per

second, which is a convenient rate to use with simple binary counter circuits.


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ULN 2003A

Chapter 5

5.1 Introduction:

The

ULN20

03A are

high-

voltage,

high-

current

Darlingt

on

transisto

r arrays.

Each

consists

of seven

npn

Darlingt


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on pairs that feature high-voltage outputs with

common-cathode clamp diodes for switching

inductive loads. The collector-current rating

of a single Darlington pair is 500 mA. The

Darlington pairs can be paralleled for higher

current capability. Applications include relay

drivers, hammer drivers, lamp drivers,

display

drivers (LED andgas discharge), linedrivers, andlogicbuffers.

Fig 5.1. ULN2003ALogic diagram


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The ULN2001A is a general-purpose array and can be used with TTL and CMOS

technologies. The ULN2002Ais designed specifically for use with 14-V to 25-V PMOS

devices. Each input of this device has a Zener diodeand resistor in series to control the

input current to a safe limit. The ULN2003A has a 2.7- k

series base resistor for eachDarlington pair for operation directly with TTL or 5-V CMOS devices.

5.2 FEATURES:

TTL, DTL, PMOS, or CMOS-Compatible Inputs

Output Current to 500 mA

Output Voltage to 95 V

Transient-Protected Outputs

Dual In-Line Plastic Package or Small-Outline IC Package

Fig.5.2 ULN2003A Circuit Description


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CHAPTER 6

LIQUID CRYSLAL DISPLAY

6.1 INTRODUCTION

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, or

video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals

do not emit light directly.

Fig. 6.1 LCD.

LCDs are available to display arbitrary images (as in a general-purpose computer

display) or fixed images which can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits,

and 7-segment displays as in a digital clock. They use the same basic technology, except

that arbitrary images are made up of a large number of small pixels, while other displays

have larger elements.

LCDs are used in a wide range of applications including computer monitors,

televisions, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, and signage. They are common

in consumer devices such as video players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators,


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and telephones, and have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most applications.

They are available in a wider range of screen sizes than CRT and plasma displays, and

since they do not use phosphors, they do not suffer image burn-in. LCDs are, however,

susceptible to image persistence.

The LCD is more energy efficient and can be disposed of more safely than a CRT.

Its low electrical power consumption enables it to be used in battery-powered electronic

equipment. It is an electronically modulated optical device made up of any number of

segments filled with liquid crystals and arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or

reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. Liquid crystals were first developed

in 1888. By 2008, worldwide sales of televisions with LCD screens

sales of CRT units; the CRT became obsolete for most purposes.

exceeded annual


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Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between

two transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of transmission of which

are (in most of the cases) perpendicular to each other. With actual liquid crystal between

the polarizing filters, light passing through the first filter would be blocked by the second

(crossed) polarizer.

Fig. 6.2 LCD Layers


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A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display , electronic visual display,

orvideo display,that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals

do not emit light directly.LCDs are available to display arbitrary images (as in a general-

purpose computer display) or fixed images which can be displayed or hidden, such as

preset words, digits, and 7-segment displays as in a digital clock. They use the same basic

technology, except that arbitrary images are made up of a large number of smallpixels,

while other displays have larger elements.LCDs are used in a wide range of applications

including computer monitors, televisions, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays,

and signage. They are common in consumer devices such as video players, gaming

devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones, and have replaced cathode raytube (CRT) displays in most applications.

6.2 Silent Feature: Very compact and light.

Low power consumption. On average, 50-70% less energy is consumed than CRT

monitors

No geometric distortion.

The possible ability to have little or no flicker depending on backlight technology.

Usually no refresh-rate flicker, as the LCD panel itself is usually refreshed at 200 Hz

or more, regardless of the source refresh rate.

Is very thin compared to a CRT monitor, which allows the monitor to be placed farther

back from the user, reducing close-focusing related eye-strain.

Razor sharp image with no bleeding/smearing when used at native resolution.

Emits less electromagnetic radiation than a CRT monitor.

Not affected by screen burn-in, though an identical but less severe phenomenon

known as image persistence is possible.

Can be made in almost any size or shape.


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RELAY

Chapter 7

7.1INTR ODUCTION

Relays

are one

of the

oldest,

simplest

, and

yet,

easiest

and

most

useful

devices.

Before

the

advent

of the

mass

produce

dtransisto

r,

compute

rs were

made

from

either

relays


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or

vacuum tubes, or both.

Fig.

7.1 RELAY

A relay, quite simply, is a small machine

consisting of an electromagnet (coil), a switch,

and a spring. The spring holds the switch in one

position, until a current is passed through the

coil. The coil generates a magnetic field which

moves the switch. It's that simple. You can use a

very small amount of current to activate a relay,

and the

switch

can

often

handle a

lot of

current.


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A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to

operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also

used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal

(with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where

several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long

distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming in from one circuit and re-

transmitting it to another. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early

computers to perform logical operations.

A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an

electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits

with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relayswith calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used

to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems

these functions are performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays".

7.2 Use of Relay :

The main operation of a relay comes in places where only a low-power signal can be used

to control a circuit. It is also used in places where only one signal can be used to control alot of circuits. The application of relays started during the invention of telephones. They

played an important role in switching calls in telephone exchanges. They were also used

in long distance telegraphy. They were used to switch the signal coming from one source

to another destination


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7.3 Relay Working :

Fig. 7.2 Relay Working

In this figure, you can see that a relay consists of two separate and completely

independent circuits . The first is at the bottom and drives the electromagnet. In this

circuit, a switch is controlling power to the electromagnet. When the switch is on, the

electromagnet is on, and it attracts the armature (blue). The armature is acting as a

switch in the second circuit. When the electromagnet is energized, the armature

completes the second circuit and the light is on. When the electromagnet is notenergized, the spring pulls the armature away and the circuit is not complete. In that

case, the light is dark.


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When you purchase relays, you generally have control over several variables:

The voltage and current that is needed to activate the armature

The maximum voltage and current that can run through the armature

The number of armatures (generally one or two) The number of contacts for the armature (generally one or two -- the relay

shown here has two, one of which is unused)

Whether the contact (if only one contact is provided) is normally open ( NO )

or normally closed ( NC )

7.4 Silent Features:

Relays can switch AC and DC, transistors can only switch DC.

Relays can switch higher voltages than standard transistors.

Relays are often a better choice for switching large currents (> 5A).

Relays can switch many contacts at once.


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DIPTRACE SOFTWARE

Chapter 8

8.1Introduction :

Dip

Trace is

EDA

software for

creating

schematic

diagrams

and printed

circuit

boards. The

first version

of DipTrace

was

released in

August,

2004. The

latest

version as

of

September

2011 isDipTrace

version 2.2.

The

interface

and

tutorials are

multi-

lingual


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(currently English, Czech, Russian and Turkish). [2] In

January of 2011, Parallax switched

from Eagle to DipTrace for developing its printed circuitboards.

Fig.8.1 : Upper View of PCB inDIPTRACE


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Fig.8.2 : Bottom View of PCB in DIPTRACE

DipTrace is a complete PCB Design system. It includes four programs:

1. PCB Layout - PCB design with easy to use manual routing tools and autorouter.

2. Schematic - creates schematic and exports netlist to PCB.

3. Pattern Editor - allows to make package footprints (patterns).

4. Component Editor - allows to draw parts and attach patterns


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Chapter: 9

PROTEUS SOFTWARE

9.1 INTRODUCTION

Proteus is software for microprocessor simulation, schematic capture, and printed circuit

board (PCB) design. It is developed by Labcenter Electronics. The XGameStation Micro

Edition was designed using Labcenter's Proteus schematic entry and PCB layout tools. It

is a software technology that allows creating clinical executable decision support

guidelines with little effort.

Proteus is one of the most famous simulators. It can be uses to simulate almost

every circuit on electrical fields. It is easy to use because of the GUI interface that is very

similar to the real Prototype board. Moreover, it can be used to design Print Circuit Board

(PCB).

Fig.9.1 : Schematic Diagram in Proteus


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BASCOM AVR SOFTWARE

Chapter 10

10.1 INTR ODUCTION :

Bascom is a PC ap


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plication thatwill allow youto:

Write progr

ams in Basi

c Translate these programs on the PC to

machinecode (a format the AVR controller can

execute)

Simulate

the compiled code

Useexternalprogramstoflash('program')the

compiledcodeintoanAtmelAVR

microcontr


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oller.

The nice thing about Bascom is that you can get

started with a free Bascom version whose only limit

is the 4k generated code size (this was 2k until

2005). The obvious choice of AVR microcontroller

would then be one of the (2k flash) ATTiny models or

the much-used (but now obsolete) AT90S2313 which

will let you get acquainted with Bascom and AVR

microcontrollers.

Fig. 10.1

B


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Chapter 11

CONCLUSION

In India agriculture plays a vital role in helping millions to earn their livelihood. So it is

necessary to improve and maintain crops to fulfill their needs. The main challenge in

front of farmers is the variation in climatic conditions. Also the farmer needs to visit the

farm daily this may not be possible for those who own many acres of land. Lack of

proper irrigation and unscientific use of fertilizers led to destruction of crops.

Our project MAXIMS I2C PROTOCAL BASED RTC CONTROLLED

DEVICE FOR TIMED IRRIGATION USING MICROCONTROLLER

ATMEGA 16A can solve these problems. We place sensors on fields there by

making monitoring easy. This system automatically turns the motors ON and OFF based

on the level of the water present in the fields. Thereby decreases the effort of the farmer.


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Chapter - 12

FUTURE SCOPE

In our India 70% people doing farming. This project helps the farmer to overcome the

drawbacks of traditional irrigation system. From this project we provide the new

technology for farmer to improve the quality of their irrigation system. This project helps

those farmers which do not have sufficient water for their farming. Also this project is

very cheap it can be bought by poor farmers too.


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Chapter 13

ADVANTAGES

Saves water

This project helps us to save water

Improves growth

Definate amount of water and fixed period irrigation improves growth of the

farm.

Saves time

It saves precious time of farmer .

Adaptable

This device is easily adaptable for any type of motor.

Save Electricity

This project is Electrically Efficient and saves Electricity.


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Reliability

DISADVANTAGESChapter 14

S

ometimes

failures

will occur

often

these

failures

are

because

of human

error in

setting

and

maintaini

ng the

systems.

A reusesystem is

good

insurance

to collect

any

excess run

off when

failures

occur.

Weather

T

he

electronic


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system

may

affect

badly in

extreme

weather

condition,

like

rainfall

and

thunderstor

m etc.


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APPENDIX A

LM340/LM78XX Series

3-Terminal Positive RegulatorsGeneral DescriptionThe LM140/LM340A/LM340/LM78XXC monolithic3-terminal positive voltage regulators employ internalcurrent-limiting, thermal shutdown and safe-area compensa-tion, making them essentially indestructible. If adequate heatsinking is provided, they can deliver over 1.0A output cur-rent. They are intended as fixed voltage regulators in a widerange of applications including local (on-card) regulation forelimination of noise and distribution problems associated

with single-point regulation. In addition to use as fixed volt-age regulators, these devices can be used with externalcomponents to obtain adjustable output voltages and cur-

rents.Considerable effort was expended to make the entire seriesof regulators easy to use and minimize the number of exter-nal components. It is not necessary to bypass the output,

The 5V, 12V, and 15V regulator options are available inthe steel TO-3 power package. TheLM340A/LM340/LM78XXC series is available in the TO-220plastic power package, and the LM340-5.0 is available inthe SOT-223 package, as well as the LM340-5.0 andLM340-12 in the surface-mount TO-263 package.

Featuresn Complete specifications at 1Aload

n Output voltage tolerances of

2% at T j = 25C and

4%over the temperature range (LM340A)

n Line regulation of 0.01% of VOUT /V of VIN at 1A load(LM340A)

n Load regulation of 0.3% of V OUT/A (LM340A)n Internal thermal overload protectionn Internal short-circuit current limit

although this does improve transient response. Input by-n Output transistor safe area pro tectio n

passing is needed only if the regulator is located far from the

filter capacitor of the power supply.n P + Product Enhancement tested

Typical Applications

Fixed Output Regulator Adjustable Output Regulator

00778101

*Required if the regulator is located far from the power supply filter.

**Although no output capacitor is needed for stability, it does help transientV

OUT

= 5V + (5V/R1 + IQ

) R2 5V/R1 > 3 IQ

,

00778102

response. (If needed, use 0.1 F, ceramic disc). load regulation (Lr) [(R1 + R2)/R1] (L

rof LM340-5).

Current Regulator

Comparison between SOT-223 and D-Pak (TO-252)Packages


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00778103

Scale 1:100778138

IQ

= 1.3 mA over line and load changes.

37


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Ordering InformationPackage Temperature

RangePart Number Packaging Marking Transport Media NSC

Drawing

3-Lead TO-3 -55C to +125C LM140K-5.0 LM140K 5.0P+ 50 Per Tray K02A

LM140K-12 LM140K 12P+ 50 Per Tray

LM140K-15 LM140K 15P+ 50 Per Tray

0C

to +125C LM340K-5.0 LM340K 5.0 7805P+ 50 Per Tray

LM340K-12 LM340K 12 7812P+ 50 Per TrayLM340K-15 LM340K 15 7815P+ 50 Per Tray

3-lead TO-220 0C

to +125C LM340AT-5.0 LM340AT 5.0 P+ 45 Units/Rail T03B

LM340T-5.0 LM340T5 7805 P+ 45 Units/Rail

LM340T-12 LM340T12 7812 P+ 45 Units/Rail

LM340T-15 LM340T15 7815 P+ 45 Units/Rail

LM7808CT LM7808CT 45 Units/Rail

3-Lead TO-263 0C to +125C LM340S-5.0LM340S-5.0 P+

45 Units/Rail TS3B

LM340SX-5.0 500 Units Tape and Reel

LM340S-12LM340S-12 P+

45 Units/Rail

LM340SX-12 500 Units Tape and Reel

LM340AS-5.0LM340AS-5.0 P+

45 Units/Rail

LM340ASX-5.0 500 Units Tape and Reel4-LeadSOT-223

0C to +125C LM340MP-5.0N00A

1k Units Tape and Reel MP04A

LM340MPX-5.0 2k Units Tape and ReelUnpackagedDie

55C to 125C LM140KG-5 MD8 Waffle Pack or Gel Pack DL069089

LM140KG-12 MD8 Waffle Pack or Gel Pack DL059093LM140KG-15 MD8 Waffle Pack or Gel Pack DL059093

0C

to +125C LM340-5.0 MDA Waffle Pack or Gel Pack DI074056

LM7808C MDC Waffle Pack or Gel Pack DI074056

Connection DiagramsTO-3 Metal Can Package (K) TO-220 Power Package (T)

00778111 00778112

Bottom ViewTop View

See Package Number K02ASee Package Number T03B

TO-263 Surface-Mount Package (S) 3-Lead SOT-223

0077812000778143

Top ViewTop View

See Package Number TS3BSee Package Number MP04A

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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) TO-220 Package (T), TO-263If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

Package (S) 230C

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ ESD Susceptibility (Note 3) 2 kVDistributors for availability and specifications.

(Note 5) Operating Conditions (Note 1)DC Input Voltage 35V

Internal Power Dissipation (Note 2) Internally LimitedTemperature Range (T A) (Note 2)

Maximum Junction Temperature 150CLM140 55C to

+125C Storage Temperature Range 65C to +150C LM340A, LM340 0C to+125C

Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.)LM7808C 0C to

+125C

TO-3 Package (K) 300C

Symbol

Output Voltage 5V 12V 15V

UnitsInput Voltage (unless otherwise noted) 10V 19V 23V

Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max

VO

Output Voltage TJ

= 25C 4.9 5 5.1 11.75 12 12.25 14.7 15 15.3 V

P D 15W, 5 mA IO 1A

V

V

V

4.8 5.2

(7.5 VIN 20)

11.5 12.5

(14.8 VIN 27)

14.4 15.6

(17.9 VIN 30)

V

V

VO Line Regulation IO = 500 mA V

IN

10(7.5 VIN 20)

18(14.8 VIN 27)

22(17.9 VIN 30)

mVV

TJ = 25C

VIN

3 10

(7.5 VIN 20)

4 18

(14.5 VIN 27)

4 22

(17.5 VIN 30)

mVV

TJ = 25C

Over Temperature V

IN

4

12

(8 VIN 12)

9

30

(16 VIN 22)

10

30

(20 VIN 26)

mVmVV

VO

Load Regulation TJ

= 25C 5 mA IO 1.5A

250 mA IO 750mA

10 25

15

12 32

19

12 35

21

mV

mV

Over Temperature,

5 mA IO 1A

25 60 75 mV

IQ QuiescentCurrent

TJ = 25C

Over Temperature

6

6.5

6

6.5

6

6.5

mA

mA I

QQuiescentCurrentChange

5 mA IO 1A 0.5 0.5 0.5 mA

TJ = 25C, I O = 1A

V

V

V

0.8

(7.5 VIN 20)

0.8

(14.8 VIN 27)

0.8

(17.9 VIN 30)

mAV

IO = 500 mA

V

V

V

0.8

(8 VIN 25)

0.8

(15 VIN 30)

0.8

(17.9 VIN 30)

mA

V

VN

Output NoiseVoltage

TA

= 25C, 10 Hz f 100 kHz 40 75 90 V

Ripple Rejection TJ = 25C, f = 120 Hz, I O = 1A

or f = 120 Hz, IO

= 500 mA,

Over Temperature,

VM IN

VIN

VMAX

68 80

68

(8 VIN 18)

61 72

61

(15 VIN 25)

60 70

60

(18.5 VIN

28.5)

dB

dB

V

RO

Dropout VoltageOutputResistance

Short-CircuitCurrent

TJ = 25C, I O = 1A

f = 1 kHz

TJ = 25C

2.08

2.1

2.018

1.5

2.019

1.2

Vm

A

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LM340A Electrical Characteristics (Continued)IO U T

= 1A, 0C TJ + 125C (LM340A) unless otherwise specified (Note 4)

Symbol


UnitsInput Voltage (unless otherwise noted) 10V 19V 23V


Peak OutputCurrentAverage TC of

VO

TJ = 25C

Min, TJ = 0C, I O = 5 mA

2.4

0.6

2.4

1.5

2.4

1.8

A

mV/C

VIN

Input VoltageRequired toMaintain

Line Regulation

TJ = 25C7.5 14.5 17.5 V

LM140 Electrical Characteristics (Note 4)55C TJ +150C unless otherwise specified

Symbol


nitsInput Voltage (unless otherwise noted) 10V 19V 23V


VO

Output Voltage TJ

= 25C, 5 mA IO

1A 4.8 5 5.2 11.5 12 12.5 14.4 15 15.6 V

P D 15W, 5 mA IO 1A

VM IN

VIN

VMAX

4.75 5.25

(8 VIN 20)

11.4 12.6

(15.5 VIN 27)

4.25 15.75

(18.5 VIN

30)

V

V

VO

Line Regulation IO = 500 mA T J = 25C V

IN

3 50

(7 VIN 25)

4 120

(14.5 VIN 30)

4 150

(17.5 VIN

30)

mVV

55C TJ +150C V

IN

50

(8 VIN 20)

120

(15 VIN 27)

150

(18.5 VIN

30)

mV

V

IO 1A TJ = 25C V

IN

50

(7.5 VIN 20)

120

(14.6 VIN 27)

150

(17.7 VIN

30)

mV

V

55C TJ +150C

VIN

25

(8 VIN 12)

60

(16 VIN 22)

75

(20 VIN 26)

mV

V V

OLoad Regulation TJ = 25C 5 mA IO 1.5A

250 mA IP 750mA

10 5025

12 12060

12 15075

mVmV

55C TJ +150C,

5 mA I 1A

50 120 150 mV

IQ

Quiescent Current IO 1A TJ = 25C

55C TJ +150C

6

7

6

7

6

7

mA

mA I

QQuiescent CurrentChange

5 mA IO 1A 0.5 0.5 0.5 mA

TJ

= 25C, IO 1A

VM IN VIN VMAX

0.8

(8 VIN 20)

0.8

(15 VIN 27)

0.8

(18.5 VIN 30)

mA

V

IO

= 500 mA, 55C TJ +150C

VM IN

VIN

VMAX

0.8

(8 VIN 25)

0.8

(15 VIN 30)

0.8

(18.5 VIN

30)

mA

V

VN

Output NoiseVoltage

TA = 25C, 10 Hz f 100 kHz 40 75 90 V

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0C TJ +125C 8.5 8.5 8.5 mA

IQ

Quiescent Current 5 mA IO 1A 0.5 0.5 0.5 mA

Change TJ = 25C, I O 1A 1.0 1.0 1.0 Ma

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