354

http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/

Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool(2017) 41: 354-362© TÜBİTAKdoi:10.3906/zoo-1604-75

A review of the tribe Pimplini Wesmael, 1845 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the Carpathians, with new records for Romania and Ukraine

Oleksandr VARGA*Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

* Correspondence: sancho.varga@gmail.com

Pimplini Wesmael, 1845 is a relatively large cosmopolitan tribe; it includes 723 described species of 15 genera worldwide, 6 genera and 65 species of which are found in the Western Palearctic (Yu et al., 2012). The tribe Pimplini includes some of the most frequently collected pimplins and, as a result, the European fauna is relatively well studied (e.g., Kasparyan, 1974, 1975, 1981; Constantineanu and Pisica, 1977; Fitton et al., 1988; Pisică and Popescu, 2009). Despite that fact, the Carpathian fauna remains poorly known, especially the eastern part, as all Ukrainian records (21 species) belong mainly to the central and eastern parts of the country (Kasparyan, 1974, 1975, 1981). In addition, the Romanian Pimplinae list (29 species) is also questionable, as many specimens in Pisica’s collection were found to be misidentified or absent and Constantineanu’s collection is unavailable for study (and most probably lost). Therefore, the present study provides a revised list of the Carpathian Pimplini including new Romanian and Ukrainian records.

Ichneumonids of the tribe Pimplini are primary endoparasitic idiobionts, a rare phenomenon in the Ichneumonoidea (Gauld, 1988). Pimplini wasps attack many Lepidoptera that form little or no cocoon, hosts unavailable to ectoparasitoids. For example, many species of Itoplectis and some Pimpla attack weakly cocooned pupae in leaf rolls and similar places, while Apechthis species attack exposed butterfly pupae with their specialized ovipositors (Fitton et al., 1988). Some Pimpla species attack more or less naked pupae concealed in moss, grass tussocks, and the soil and some species, e.g., Itoplectis clavicornis (Thomson), may be obligate secondary

parasitoids (Fitton et al., 1988). Large numbers of species in the Theronia genus-group attack cocooned Lepidoptera but actually develop as parasitoids of a primary parasitoid.

This study is mainly based on specimens (1387 ♀, 2904 ♂) collected by sweep netting, using Malaise traps, yellow pan traps, and conical trunk traps for collecting parasites of xylobionts (so-called Tereshkin traps) by the author in various locations of the Ukrainian Carpathians and adjacent territories in 2009–2015 and specimens deposited in the collections of the Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology (SIZK) (Ukraine) and the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi (UAIC) (Romania) (all the collecting sites can be found in Figure 1). Specimens were identified using Kasparyan’s (1974, 1975, 1981) keys. Specimens were compared with the types and identified nontype materials deposited in the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM), Berlin Natural History Museum (BNHM) (Germany), and the Museum of Natural History of Wroclaw University (MNHHWU) (Poland). Morphological terminology used in the study follows that of Gauld (1991). The general species distribution can be found in Yu et al. (2012). The images of specimens were taken with a Leica 205A stereomicroscope with a DFC 500 camera, combined with Zerene (at UAIC).

Apechthis capulifera (Kriechbaumer, 1887)Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from

the other European species by the black hind coxae and apically black hind femora.

Material examined. UKRAINE: ♀, Transcarpathian Region: Tyachiv District, Mala Ugolka, 750 m, beech

Abstract: The tribe Pimplini from the Carpathians is reviewed. Itoplectis insignis Perkins, Pimpla arctica Zetterstedt, P. illecebrator (Villers), and Theronia laevigata (Tschek) are new records for Ukraine. Pimpla murinanae Fahringer is a new record for Ukraine and Romania. The high-altitude zone distribution of the Pimplini in the Ukrainian Carpathians is discussed.

Key words: Parasitoids, Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae, Carpathians, Ukraine, Romania, new records

Received: 04.05.2016 Accepted/Published Online: 09.09.2016 Final Version: 04.04.2017

Short Communication

VARGA / Turk J Zool

355

forest, 13.05.2015; ♀, ibid., Malaise trap, 08.07–06.08.2015; ♀, Malaise trap, 13.06–08.07.2015.

Apechtis compunctor (Linnaeus, 1758)Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from

the other European species by the combination of the following characters: female hind tarsal claw with a tooth-like basal lobe, propodeum with brownish setae, hind tibia uniformly red (sometimes indistinctly subbasally banded in males), male face black centrally.

Material examined. ROMANIA: 31♀♀ and 17♂♂ males from 27 localities: Iasi Country: Iasi, ex. Aporia crataegi L.; Vladeni Vale, Hirlau; Cristești; Scobinți; Ciric; Strunga; Voinești; Suceava Country: Poiana Stampei; Draguseni; ibid., ex. Aporia crataegi L.; Spataresti; Adancata; Vaslui Country: Birlad; Trestiana; Sibiu Country: Country: Botosani; Frumusica; Bacau Country: Poiana Sarata; Mehedinti Country: Dubova; Valea Mraconia, Ogradena. UKRAINE: 15♀♀ and 10♂♂ from 7 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Dibrova, 310 m, oak forest, 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; Pydhyrya; Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, slopes of m. Sheshul, 1400–1500 m, subalpine zone, 6–7 km E of

Kvasy; Tyachiv District, Mala Ugolka, 750 m, beech forest; Svalyava District, Polyana; Lviv Region: Sambir.

Remark: One specimen from Pisica’s collection was misidentified as A. rufata (Gmelin) and one as A. quadridentata (Thomson).

Apechtis rufata (Gmelin, 1870)Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from the

other European species by the combination of the following characters: female hind tarsal claw with a tooth-like basal lobe, propodeum with whitish setae, hind tibia red with a whitish subbasal band, mesoscutum with two yellow stripes, male face entirely yellow, male metasomal tergite VI coarsely punctured (anteriorly punctures separated by much less than their diameters, posteriorly by about their diameters).

Material examined. ROMANIA: 28♀♀ and 54♂♂ from 21 localities: Iasi Country: Iasi; ibid., ex. Tortrix viridana L.; ibid., ex. Archips rosana L.; Barnova; Sinesti; Breazu; Repedea; Suceava Country: Suceava; Poiana Stampei; Adancata; Satu Mare Country: Satu Mare, ex. Tortrix viridana L.; ibid., ex. Malacosoma neustria L.; Bacau Country: Bacau; Zeletin; Botosani Country: Botosani; Covasna Country: Baraolt, ex. Tortrix viridana

Figure 1. The Carpathian Pimplini distribution map.

VARGA / Turk J Zool

356

L.; Maramures Country: Somcuta Mare, ex. Tortrix viridana L.; Cluj Country: Baciu, ex. Archips xylosteana L.; Galați County: Poiana Fundeanu-Motes, Grivita, oak, ex. T. viridana L.; Odaia Manolache. UKRAINE: 18♀♀ and 121♂♂ from 11 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Dibrova, 310 m, oak forest, 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; Zhbyr, 400 m, mixed forest, 7–8 km SW of Bogorodchany; Gorgany, 1200 m, coniferous forest, 5 km SW of Stara Guta; Gorgany, 8–9 km SW of Stara Guta, coniferous forest; Nadvirna District, Gorgany, Elmy, 800–900 m, coniferous forest, 15 km SW of Yaremche; Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, Svydovets, 850–900 m, beech forest, 2–3 km NW of Kvasy; Apshynets; Tyachiv District, Mala Ugolka, 750 m, beech forest; Beregovo District, Zmyivka; Lviv Region: Sambir.

Remark: Thirty-one specimens from Pisica’s collection were misidentified as A. quadridentata (Thomson) and four as A. compunctor L.

Apechtis quadridentata (Thomson, 1877)Diagnosis: This species is similar to A. rufata but

is characterized by the female hind tarsal claw lacking a tooth-like basal lobe, black mesoscutum, and more sparsely punctate male 6th metasomal tergite (punctures posteriorly separated by at least twice their diameters).

Material examined. ROMANIA: 57♀♀ and 31♂♂ from 28 localities: Iasi Country: Iasi; ibid., ex. Tortrix viridana L.; Valea David; Repedea; Breazu; Ciurea; Ciric; Suceava Country: Suceava; Poiana Stampei; Frumoasa; Adancata; Vaslui Country: Birlad; Satu Mare Country: Satu Mare, ex. Tortrix viridana L.; ibid., ex. Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.; Constanța Country: Histria; Bacau Country: Bacau; Zeletin; Mehedinti Country: Ada Kaleh, Orsova; Valea Mraconia, Ogradena; Mures Country: Luduș; Teleorman Country: Merisani; Ialomița Country: Fetești; Covasna Country: Baraolt, ex. Tortrix viridana L.; Maramures Country: Somcuta Mare, ex. Tortrix viridana L.; Cluj Country: Baciu, ex. Archips xylosteana L.; Neamț Country: Pangarați; Valea Toaca, Ceahlau; Durnitoarea, Сeahlau; Galați County: Poiana Fundeanu-Motes, Grivita, oak, ex. T. viridana L. UKRAINE: 24♀♀ and 106♂♂ from 19 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Tysmenytsya District, Vovchynets; Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Dibrova, 310 m, oak forest, 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; Zhbyr, 400 m, mixed forest, 7–8 km SW of Bogorodchany; Gorgany, 1250–1300 m, coniferous forest, 11–12 km SW of Stara Guta; Gorgany, 1200 m, coniferous forest, 5 km SW of Stara Guta; Gorgany, 1600 m, subalpine zone, 8 km SW of Stara Guta; Nadvirna District, Gorgany, Elmy, 800–900 m, coniferous forest, 15 km SW of Yaremche; Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, slopes of m. Sheshul, 1400–1500 m, subalpine zone, 6–7 km E of Kvasy;

Svydovets, 850–900 m, beech forest, 2–3 km NW of Kvasy; Chornogora, Bilyi, 1100–1200 m; Marmarosy, Kvasnyi; Marmarosy, m. Mika-Mare, subalpine zone; Marmarosy, m. Pip Ivan, subalpine zone; Rakhiv, beech forest; Tyachiv District, Mala Ugolka, 750 m, beech forest; Vynogradiv District, Chorna Gora; Beregovo District, Zmyivka; Lviv Region: Sambir.

Remark: Six specimens from Pisica’s collection were misidentified as A. rufata (Gmelin), two as A. compunctor L., and one as Itoplectis curticauda (Kriechbaumer).

Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst, 1829)Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from

the other European species by the combination of the following characters: female fore tarsal claw with a large tooth-like basal lobe, hind tibia tricolor: red, black, and whitish, upper hind corner of pronotum, scape and pedicel ventrally, male fore and middle trochanters and trochantelli yellow, mesopleuron sparsely punctate, female trochanters and trochantelli red.

Material examined. ROMANIA: 50♀♀ and 26♂♂ from 37 localities: Bucharest: Baneasa, ex. Grapholita molesta (Busck); Arges Country: Stefanesti, ex. Eupoecilia ambiguella Hb.; Cluj Country: Fagetul Clujului; Dambovita Country: Tirgoviste; Dolj Country: Calafat, ex. Grapholita molesta (Busck); Iasi Country: Iasi; ibid., ex. Hedya nubiferana (Haworth); Breazu; Repedea; Cristesti; Pascani, ex. Tortrix viridana L.; Dumesti; Valea David; Voinesti; Satu Mare Country: Noroieni, ex. Tortrix viridana L.; Vaslui Country: Birlad; Neamț Country: Roman; Suceava Country: Suceava; Patrauti; Scheia; Spataresti; Adancata; Sibiu Country: Cisnadioara; Rasinari; Bacau Country: Bacau, ex. Tortrix viridana L.; Tulcea Country: Tulcea, Danube Delta, ibid., ex. Yponomeuta rorrella Hb.; Murighiol; Mehedinti Country: Valea Mraconia, Ogradena. UKRAINE: 61♀♀ and 82♂♂ from 22 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Tysmenytsya District, Vovchynets; Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Dibrova, 310 m, oak forest, 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; Zhbyr, 400 m, mixed forest, 7–8 km SW of Bogorodchany; Gorgany, 1250–1300 m, coniferous forest, 11–12 km SW of Stara Guta; Gorgany, 1200 m, coniferous forest, 5 km SW of Stara Guta; Gorgany, coniferous forest, 8–9 km SW of Stara Guta; Nadvirna District, Gorgany, Elmy, 800–900 m, coniferous forest, 15 km SW of Yaremche; Chornogora, slopes of m. Goverla, 1700 m, subalpine zone; Chornogora, near Nesamovyte, 1750 m, subalpine zone; Kosiv District, Verbovets, mixed forest; Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, slopes of m. Sheshul, 1400–1500 m, subalpine zone, 6–7 km E of Kvasy; Svydovets, 850–900 m, beech forest, 2–3 km NW of Kvasy; Rakhiv, beech forest; Chornogora, Bilyi, 1100–1200 m; Kuzyi, beech forest; Tyachiv District, Mala Ugolka, 750 m, beech forest;

VARGA / Turk J Zool

357

Tyachiv; Uzhgorod District, Kamyanytsya; Uzhgorod; Svalyava District, Polyana; Lviv Region: Sambir.

Remark: Several misidentifications were found in Pisica’s collection: one female as Pimpla spuria Gravenhorst, five males and four females as I. maculator (Fabricius), two females as P. turionellae L., one female as P. contemplator (Muller), one female as I. curticauda (Kriechbaumer), two females and one male as I. tunetana (Schmiedeknecht), one female as Gregopimpla inquisitor (Scopoli), and two males as Scambus vesicarius (Ratzeburg).

Itoplectis aterrima Jussila, 1965Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from the

other European species by the combination of the following characters: female fore tarsal claw with a large tooth-like basal lobe, hind tibia red with whitish band, upper hind corner of pronotum, scape and pedicel ventrally, coxae black, trochanters and trochantelli red, male metasomal tergite VI strongly but indistinctly punctate.

Material examined. UKRAINE: 1♀ and 8♂♂ from 4 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District, Gorgany, slopes of m. Cyvulya, subalpine zone, 12–13 km SW of Stara Guta; Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, Chornogora, 1500 m; Marmarosy, subalpine zone, 12 km E of Dilove; Tyachyv District, Dubove.

Itoplectis clavicornis (Thomson, 1889)Diagnosis: This species is similar to I. alternans

(Gravenhorst) but is characterized by the female’s shorter ovipositor (as long as the first metasomal tergite), apically widened antenna (subapical segments transverse), whitish, only basally and apically fuscous, male hind tibia.

Material examined. ROMANIA: 1♀ and 8♂♂ from 3 localities: Mehedinti Country: Orsova; Valea mraconia; Cazane mici.

Remark: The female specimen was misidentified as Pimpla contemplator (Muller).

Itoplectis enslini (Ulbricht, 1911)Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from

other European species by the combination of the following characters: female fore tarsal claw with a small and narrow (sometimes reduced) tooth-like basal lobe, antenna blackish basally, hind tibia red with whitish band, upper hind corner of pronotum yellow, scape and pedicel ventrally, hind coxa, trochanter black, male metasomal tergite VI punctate, smooth between punctures.

Material examined. ROMANIA: ♀, Tulcea Country: Murighiol; ♂, Danube Delta, ex. Yponomeuta rorrella Hb.

Remark: The male specimen was misidentified as I. alternans (Gravenhorst).

Itoplectis insignis Perkins, 1957Diagnosis: This species is similar to I. enslini

(Ulbricht) but is characterized by the hind trochanter and trochantellus black with yellow marks and male 6th metasomal tergite granulate between punctures.

Material examined. UKRAINE: 2♀♀ and 10♂♂ from 4 localities: Gorgany, 1600 m, subalpine zone, 8 km SW of Stara Guta; Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, Chornogora, 1500 m, coniferous forest; Chornogora, Kvasnyi, 900–1500 m, beech forest; Rakhiv, beech forest.

Itoplectis maculator (Fabricius, 1775)Diagnosis: This species is similar to I. alternans

(Gravenhorst) but is characterized by the densely punctate mesopleuron and hind trochanter and trochantellus black with yellow marks.

Material examined. ROMANIA: 266♀♀ and 150♂♂ from 54 localities: Alba Country: Teius; Arges Country: Merisani, Dornnesti; Botosani Country: Rediu; Sendriceni; Tataraseni; Ipotești; Bucharest: Grivita; Constanta Country: Baneasa, Canaraua Fetii; Agigea; Darabani, ex. Tortrix viridana L.; Tatlageac; Tulcea County: Danube Delta, Tulcea, ex. Yponomeuta rorrella Hb.; Județul Cluj: Baciu, ex Archips xylosteana L.; Covasna Country: Baraolt, ex. T. viridana L.; Dolj Country: Dabuleni; Ialomita Country: Fetesti; Iasi Country: Iasi; ibid., ex. T. viridana L.; Dumesti; Breazu; Biric; Ciric; Scobinti; Harghita Country: Suhardul Mic; Lacu Roșu; Galati County: Garboavele, oak; Mehedinti Country; Dubova; Valea Mraconia, Ogradena; Mures Country: Baragan; Neamt Country: Valea Toaca, Сeahlau; Potoci, Bicaz; Izvorul, Pangarati; Roman; Stejaru; Ruginești; Durau; Ocolas Mare; Satu Mare Country: Noroieni; Sibiu Country: Cisnadioara; Rasinari; Suceava Country: Adancata; Ponoare; Frumoasa; Falticeni; Obcina; Bunesti; Itcani; Suceava; Ipotesti; Mihoveni; Poiana Stampei; Teleorman Country: Dobrotesti; Tulcea Country: Murighiol; Vaslui Country: Husi; Timis Country: Tomnatic. UKRAINE: 40♀♀ and 9♂♂ from 15 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Dibrova, 310 m, oak forest, 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; Gorgany, 1200 m, coniferous forest, 5 km SW of Stara Guta; Gorgany, 1375 m, upper limit of coniferous forest, 7 km SW of Stara Guta; Gorgany, 1600 m, subalpine zone, 8 km SW of Stara Guta; Chornogora, subalpine zone; Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, Svydovets, 850–900 m, beech forest, 2–3 km NW of Kvasy; Chornogora, Bylyi, 1100–1200 m; Marmarosy, subalpine zone, 12 km E of Dilove; Vynogradiv District, Chorna Gora; Nove Selo; Irshava District, Bronky; Svalyava District, Polyana; Uzhgorod District, Uzhgorod.

Remark: Several misidentifications were found in Pisica’s collection: seven females and 21 males as I. alternans (Gravenhorst), one female as Gregopimpla inquisitor (Scopoli), and one male as I. tunetana (Schmiedeknecht).

Itoplectis melanocephala (Gravenhorst, 1829)Diagnosis: This species is characterized by the entirely

red hind tibiae and metasoma.Material examined. ROMANIA: Romania: ♀,

Constanta Country: Agigea, 13.08.1964; ♂, Timis County:

VARGA / Turk J Zool

358

Satchinez, 01.07.1983; ♀, Tulcea Country: Murighiol, 15.06.1980; ♀, ibid., 25.07.1980; ♂, 2♀♀, ibid., 09.09.1982; ♀, ibid., 12.09.1983; ♀, ibid., 08.10.1983. UKRAINE: ♀, Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany, Malaise trap, 30.06–21.07.2015.

Remark: Several misidentifications were found in Pisica’s collection: one male as Scambus rufator (Aubert), one male as Endromopoda arundinator (Fabricius), and one female mounted with Fredegunda diluta (Ratzeburg) metasoma and identified as E. arundinator (Fabricius).

Itoplectis tunetana (Schmiedeknecht, 1914)Diagnosis: This species is similar to I. enslini (Ulbricht)

and I. insignis Perkins but is characterized by the reddish basally antenna, red hind trochanter and trochantellus, and sparsely but distinctly punctate male 6th metasomal tergite.

Material examined. ROMANIA: without locality and date, ex. Yponomeuta rorrella Hb.; Bucharest, ex. Lepidoptera sp.; Iasi Country: Biric; Suceava Country: Ponoare; Tulcea, Danube Delta, ex. Y. rorrella Hb. UKRAINE: ♀, Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Zhbyr, 400 m, mixed forest, 7–8 km SW of Bogorodchany, 13.09.2011.

Remark: Four females were misidentified as I. alternans (Gravenhorst) and one female as I. aterrima Jusilla.

Itoplectis viduata (Gravenhorst, 1829)Diagnosis: This species is characterized by the entirely

black coxae and metasoma, and red hind tibiae.Material examined. ROMANIA: 11♀♀ and 15♂♂

from 12 localities: Iasi Country: Iasi, Repedea; Dumesti; Satu Mare Country: Satu Mare; Suceava Country: Spataresti; ibid., ex. Orgya sp.; Vaslui Country: Birlad; Ialomita Country: Fetesti; Tuzla; Neamt Country: Potoci, Bicaz; Bacau Country: Slanic Moldova; Tulcea Country: Murighiol. UKRAINE: ♂, Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany, 31.08.2009; ♂, Zhbyr, 400 m, mixed forest, 7–8 km SW of Bogorodchany, ex. Lepidoptera cocon, 04.2011; ♂, Transcarpathian Region: Beregovo District, Kidesh, 15.06.1963.

Remark: Several misidentifications were found in Pisica’s collection: three females as Pimpla rufipes (Muller), one male as P. sodalis Ruthe, and one male as Gregopimpla inquisitor (Scopoli).

Pimpla aethiops Curtis, 1828Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from

other European species by the combination of the following characters: hind leg entirely black, fore and middle legs at least partly black, female metasomal tergites densely punctate to the apex, mesopleuron strongly punctate, tegulae brownish, male scutellum black and antennal segments 6–9 with tyloids.

Material examined. ROMANIA: 2♀♀ and 4♂♂ from 5 localities: Botosani Country: Sendriceni; Brasov Country: Dobrogea, Brasov; Tulcea Country: Tulcea, Danube Delta; Murighiol; Babadag.

Pimpla arctica Zetterstedt, 1838Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from

the other European species by the combination of the following characters: face and mesosoma with brownish setae, mesopleuron densely punctate, hind coxa black with red marks, hind tibia uniformly red, male antenna without tyloids.

Material examined. ROMANIA: ♂, Neamt Country: Durau, 16.07.1965. UKRAINE: ♂, Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District; Gorgany, 1375 m, upper limit of coniferous forest, 7 km SW of Stara Guta, Malaise trap, 20.07–08.08.2014; ♂, Transcarpathian Region, Rakhiv District, slopes of m. Sheshul, 1400–1500 m, subalpine zone, 6–7 km E of Kvasy, 15.06.2013; ♀, ibid., 06.06.2014; ♀, ibid., Malaise trap, 29.06–18.07.2014.

Pimpla contemplator (Muller, 1776)Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from

the other European species by the combination of the following characters: face and mesosoma with whitish setae, mesosoma sparsely punctate, hind tibia red with yellowish band, laterotergites II–IV wide, female hind coxa red, and tarsomere IV of fore tarsus strongly concave; male hind coxa black, metasomal tergite VI basally indistinctly punctate.

Material examined. ROMANIA: 129♀♀ and 363♂♂ from 35 localities: Arges Country: Arefu; Capatanenii Ungureni; Brasov Country: Magura; Cluj Country: Baciu; Fagetul Clujului; Constanta Country: Baneasa; Negureni; Adamclisi; Ialomita Country: Fetesti; Iasi Country: Breazu; Repedea; Valea David; Voinesti; Dobrovat; Barnova; Galati County: Garboavele; Mehedinti Country: Cazane Mici; Dubova; Orsova; Valea Mraconia, Ogradena; Eselnita; Neamt Country: Bicaz; Poiana Teiului; Sibiu Country: Cisnadioara; Rasinari; Prislop; Suceava Country: Suceava; Ponoare; Adancata; Frumoasa; Poiana Stampei; Scheia; Malini; Teleorman Country: Merisani; Tulcea Country: Uzlina; Vrancea Country: Odobesti. UKRAINE: 34♀♀ and 90♂♂ from 16 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Dibrova, 310 m, oak forest, 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; Zhbyr, 400 m, mixed forest, 7–8 km SW of Bogorodchany; Zhuraky, 450–500 m, mixed forest, 8 km S of Bogorodchany; Kosiv District, Verbovets, mixed forest; Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, Svydovets, 850–900 m, beech forest, 2–3 km NW of Kvasy; Kuzyi, beech forest; Tyachiv District, Mala Ugolka, 750 m, beech forest; Vonigovo, apple orchard, Malaise trap; Dubove; Irshava District, Bronky; Beregovo District, Zmyivka; Beregovo; Svalyava District, Polyana; Uklin; Uzhgorod District, Kamyanytsya, Skalka.

VARGA / Turk J Zool

359

Remark: Several misidentifications were found in Pisica’s collection: one female and four males as P. spuria Gravenhorst, one female as P. arctica Zetterstedt, four females as P. flavicoxis Thomson, one female and 40 males as P. turionellae L., one male as P. artemonis Kasparyan, and one female as P. melanacrias Perkins.

Pimpla flavicoxis Thomson, 1877Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from

other European species by the combination of the following characters: face and mesosoma with whitish setae, mesopleuron sparsely punctate, hind tibia red with yellowish band, laterotergites II–IV narrow, female hind coxa red, antenna basally yellowish; male hind coxa at least partly red and antenna without tyloids.

Material examined. ROMANIA: ♂, Sibiu Country: Cisnadioara; Rasinari, 14.06.1958. UKRAINE: 4♀♀ and 21♂♂ from 9 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Dibrova, 310 m, oak forest, 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; Zhuraky, 450–500 m, mixed forest, 8 km S of Bogorodchany; Gorgany, 1250–1300 m, coniferous forest, 11–12 km SW of Stara Guta; Gorgany, 1375 m, upper limit of coniferous forest, 7 km SW of Stara Guta; Nadvirna District, Gorgany, Elmy, 800–900 m, coniferous forest, 15 km SW of Yaremche; Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, slopes of m. Sheshul, 1400–1500 m, subalpine zone, 6–7 km E of Kvasy; Marmarosy, Kvasnyi; Rakhiv, beech forest.

Pimpla illecebrator (Villers, 1789)Diagnosis: This species is similar to P. arctica

Zetterstedt but is characterized by the black hind coxae and tibiae, longer than hind tibia, ovipositor, and some male antennal segments with tyloids.

Material examined. UKRAINE: ♂, Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, slopes of m. Sheshul, 16–18.06.2012.

Pimpla insignatoria (Gravenhorst, 1807)Diagnosis: This species is similar to P. flavicoxis

Thomson but is characterized by the female uniformly red antenna and male 6th–10th antennal segments with tyloids.

Material examined. ROMANIA: 13♀♀ and 10♂♂ from 9 localities: Cluj Country: Baciu; Iasi Country: Breazu; Voinesti; Mehedinti Country: Orsova; Neamt Country: Ceahlau; Suceava Country: Suceava; Adancata; Frumoasa; Vaslui Country: Birlad. UKRAINE: 62♀♀ and 71♂♂ from 18 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Dibrova, 310 m, oak forest, 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; Zhbyr, 400 m, mixed forest, 7–8 km SW of Bogorodchany; Gorgany, 1250–1300 m, coniferous forest, 11–12 km SW of Stara Guta; Gorgany, 1200 m, coniferous forest, 5 km SW of Stara Guta; Gorgany, 1375 m, upper limit of coniferous forest, 7 km SW of Stara

Guta; Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, slopes of m. Sheshul, 1400–1500 m, subalpine zone, 6–7 km E of Kvasy; Svydovets, 850–900 m, beech forest, 2–3 km NW of Kvasy; Chornogora, slopes of m. Goverla, 1500 m, subalpine zone; Chornogora, Bilyi, 1100–1200 m; Kuzyi, beech forest; Kosivska Polyana, Kudryavyi; Rakhiv, beech forest; Dilove, beech forest; Tyachiv District, Mala Ugolka, beech forest; Irshava District, Bronky; Beregovo District, Zmyivka; Uzhgorod District, Kamyanutsya.

Remark: Several misidentifications were found in Pisica’s collection: one male as P. artemonis Kasparyan, one female and two males as P. contemlator (Muller), two females as P. turionellae L., two females as P. flavicoxis Thomson, and one female as P. spuria Gravenhorst.

Pimpla melanacrias Perkins, 1941Diagnosis: This species is similar to P. contemplator

(Muller) but is characterized by the apically black hind femur, weakly concave female 4th tarsomere of fore tarsus, narrow male 2nd–4th laterotergites.

Material examined. ROMANIA: 24♀♀ and 114♂♂ from 18 localities: Bacau Country: Magura; Ialomita Country: Fetesti; Iasi Country: Dumesti; Voinesti; Neamt Country: Durau; Potoci, Bicaz; Pangarati; Sibiu Country: Cisnadioara; Rasinari; Prislop; Suceava Country: Suceava; Ponoare; Obcina; Adancata; Frumoasa; Poiana Stampei; Slatioara, Cirlibaba. UKRAINE: 7♀♀ and 25♂♂ from 11 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Dibrova, 310 m, oak forest, 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; Pydhyrya; Nadvirna District, Chornogora, Kukul, coniferous forest; Chornogora, pol. Pozhezhevska, coniferous forest; Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, Chornogora, 8–9 km E of Yasinya; Chornogora, Bilyi; Rakhiv, beech forest; Hust District, Hust; Uzhgorod District, Nevutske; Svalyava District, Polyana.

Remark: Several misidentifications were found in Pisica’s collection: nine females and 39 males as P. turionellae L., two males as P. spuria Gravenhorst, and one female as P. contemplator (Muller). Generally almost all specimens were misidentified and the rest were found in unsorted materials.

Pimpla murinanae Fahringer, 1943Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from

the other European species by the combination of the following characters: face and mesosoma with whitish setae, mesopleuron densely punctate, upper hind corner of pronotum black, hind leg black, except femur varying from red to black, fore and middle legs red (as shown in Figure 2), metasomal tergites 4–5 densely but indistinctly punctate, weakly granulate between punctures.

Material examined. ROMANIA: ♂, Suceava Country: Slatioara, 18.09.1962. UKRAINE: ♀, Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, Yablunytsya Pass, 11.07. 2010.

VARGA / Turk J Zool

360

Pimpla rufipes (Miller, 1759)Diagnosis: This species is similar to P. illecebrator

(Villers) but is characterized by the red hind femur and shorter ovipositor.

Material examined. ROMANIA: 126♀♀ and 133♂♂ from 35 localities: Bihor Country: Oradea; Botosani Country: Stefanesti; Liveni Maloneasa; Constanta Country: Baneasa; Agigea; Tulcea County: Babadag, ex. Malacosoma neustria L.; Cluj Country: Fagetul Clujului; Dolj Country: Dabuleni; Iasi Country: Iasi; ibid., ex. Leucoma salicis L.; ibid., Agricultural Lyceum, ex. Hyphantria cunea (Drury); Barnova; Breazu; Deleni; Repedea; Voinesti; Mehedinti Country; Dubova; Valea Mraconia; Neamt Country: Сeahlau; Potoci; Satu Mare Country: Satu Mare; Salaj Country: Zalau; Sibiu Country: Cisnadioara; Rasinari; Suceava Country: Ponoare; Vladleni Vale, Frumoasa; Bunesti; Slatioara; Suceava; Poiana Stampei; Teleorman Country: Draganesti, ex. Malacosoma neustria L.; Merisani; Tulcea Country: Murighiol; Vaslui Country: Birlad; Trestiana; Vrancea Country: Adjudu Vechi. UKRAINE: 22♀♀ and 39♂♂ from 11 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Tysmenytsya District, Vovchynets; Bogorodchany District, Bogorodchany; Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Dibrova, 310 m, oak forest, 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; Zhbyr, 400 m, mixed forest, 7–8 km SW of Bogorodchany; Solotvyn; Transcarpathian Region, Rakhiv District, slopes of m. Sheshul, 1400–1500 m, subalpine zone, 6–7 km E of Kvasy; Svydovets, 850–900 m, beech forest, 2–3 km NW of Kvasy; Svydovets, m. Blyznytsya, subalpine zone, 8 km NW of Kvasy; Rakhiv; Tyachiv District: Mala Ugolka, 750 m, beech forest; Beregovo District, Zmyivka.

Remark: Small specimens of P. arctica Zetterstedt, P. illecebrator (Villers), and P. rufipes (Muller) have sparsely and indistinctly punctate mesopleuron, so the coloration

of facial setae is the only reliable character for this species in this case.

Pimpla spuria Gravenhorst, 1829Diagnosis: This species is similar to P. contemplator

(Muller) but is characterized by the weakly concave female 4th tarsomere of fore tarsus, uniformly red hind tibia, and distinctly punctate basally 6th male metasomal tergite.

Material examined. ROMANIA: 206♀♀ and 571♂♂ from 67 localities: Arges Country: Pitesti; Cаpаțаnenii Ungureni; Bacau Country: Slanic Moldova, Ciresoaia; Bacau; Stejaru; Bihor Country: Oradea; Botosani Country: Bucecea; Trusesti; Stefаnesti; Buzau Country: Dedulesti; Dedulesti; Brasov Country: Magura; Constanta Country: Baneasa, Canaraua Fetii; Agigea; Negureni; Histria; Adamclisi; Dolj Country: Calafat; Iasi Country: Iasi; ibid., Agricultural Lyceum, ex. Hyphantria cunea (Drury); Barnova; Valea David; Dumesti; Repedea; Mircesti; Galati County: Garboavele, oak; Mehedinti Country: Cazane Mici; Dubova; Valea Mraconia, Ogradena; Planisevita; Eselnita; Neamt Country: Valea Toaca, Сeahlau; Potoci, Bicaz; Izvorul, Pangarati; Poiana Сirnu, Bicaz; Tarcаu, Poiana Teiului; Duruitoarea, Сeahalu; Ruginesti; Vaduri; Tarcаu; Ardeluța; Oantu; Sibiu Country: Cisnadioara; Rasinari; Prislop; Valea Girbova, Miercurea Sibiului; Suceava Country: Ponoare; Frasin; Obcini; Frumoasa; Cаmpulung Moldovenesc; Calimani National Park; Hura Humorului; Teleorman Country: Dobrotesti; Tulcea Country: Murighiol; Uzlina; Vaslui Country: Husi; Birlad; Trestiana; Zorleni; Vrancea Country: Adjudu Vechi, Rarau; Focsani. UKRAINE: 22♀♀ and 76♂♂ from 17 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Dibrova, 310 m, oak forest, 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; Transcarpathian Region: Rakhiv District, Svydovets, 850–900 m, beech forest, 2–3 km NW of Kvasy; Svydovets, m. Blyznytsya, subalpine zone, 8 km NW of Kvasy; Kuzyi, beech forest; Marmarosy, subalpine zone, 12 km E of Dilove; Rakhiv; Vinogradiv District, Chorna Gora; Nove Selo; Irshava District, Kamyanka; Bronky; Hust District, Hust; Svalyava District, Polyana; Uklin; Uzhgorod District, Uzhgorod; Tyachiv District, Ust Chorna; Mala Ugolka, beech forest.

Pimpla turionellae (Linnaeus, 1758)Diagnosis: This species is similar to P. murinanae

Fahringer but is characterized by the yellow upper hind corner of pronotum, red hind femur and yellow banded hind tibia, densely and distinctly punctate, smooth between punctures, 4th–5th metasomal tergites.

Material examined. ROMANIA: 52♀♀ and 39♂♂ from 25 localities: Buzau Country: Cislau; Cluj Country: Cheia; Covasna Country: Lemnia; Constanta Country: Baneasa; ibid., ex. Grapholita molesta (Busck); Dolj Country: Calafat; ibid., ex. G. molesta (Busck);

Figure 2. Pimpla murinanae Fahringer, 1943: lateral view of habitus.

VARGA / Turk J Zool

361

Iasi Country: Iasi; Breazu; Biric; Dumesti, ex. Hedya nubiferana (Haworth); ibid., ex. Yponomeuta malinella Zeller; Mehedinti Country: Dubova; Valea Girbovat; Neamț Country: Roman, ex. Pandemis heparana ([Denis & Schiffermüller]); Prahova Country: Magurele; Sibiu Country: Bazna; Suceava Country: Suceava; ibid., ex Cydia pomonella L.; Poiana Stampei; Slatioara; Horodnic de Jos; Hura Humorului; Spataresti; Județul Teleorman: Draganești-Vlasca, ex. Malacosoma neustria L.; Tulcea Country: Tulcea, Danube Delta, ex. Yponomeuta rorrella Hb.; Vaslui Country: Birlad; Trestiana. UKRAINE: 13♀♀ from 7 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Tysmenytsya District, Vovchynets; Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Dibrova, 310 m, oak forest, 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; Zhbyr, 400 m, mixed forest, 7–8 km SW of Bogorodchany;

Gorgany, slopes of m. Cyvulya, subalpine zone, 12–13 km SW of Stara Guta; Gorgany, 1375 m, upper limit of coniferous forest, 7 km SW of Stara Guta; Nadvirna District, Gorgany, Elmy, 800–900 m, coniferous forest, 15 km SW of Yaremche.

Remark: Several misidentifications were found in Pisica’s collection: one female as P. rufipes (Muller), one female as I. maculator (Fabricius), two females as P. comtemplator, three females and three males as P. spuria Gravenhorst, and one male as I. alternans (Gravenhorst).

Theronia atalantae (Poda, 1761)Diagnosis: This species is characterized by the yellow

body with black marks.Material examined. ROMANIA: 124♀♀ and 265♂♂

from 22 localities: Botosani Country: Vladeni-Deal, ex. Aporia crataegi L.; Satu Mare Country: Satu Mare, ex.

Table. The Pimplini high-altitude zone distribution in the Ukrainian Carpathians.

Species

High-altitude zone

foothill oak forest zone beech forest zone coniferous boreal forest zone subalpine zone

Apechthis capulifera

A. compunctor

A. rufata

A. quadridentata

Itoplectis alternans

I. aterrima

I. insignis

I. maculator

I. melanocephala

I. tunetana

I. viduata

Pimpla arctica

P. contemplator

P. flavicoxis

P. illecebrator

P. insignatoria

P. melanacrias

P. murinanae

P. rufipes

P. spuria

P. turionellae

Theronia atalantae

T. laevigata

VARGA / Turk J Zool

362

Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.; ibid., ex. Malacosoma neustria L.; Noroieni; ibid., ex. E. chrysorrhoea L.; Iasi Country: Iasi, ex. Aporia sp.; ibid., Copou Park; Radeni, ex. Aporia sp.; Voinesti; Deleni, ex. Aporia sp.; Ciric; Vaslui Country: Birlad; Trestiana; Arges Country: Costesti, ex. Malacosoma neustria L.; Maramures Country: Valea Usturoiului, Baia Mare; Neamt Country: Pangarati; Galati County: Poiana Fundeanu-Motes, Grivita, oak, ex. Tortrix viridana L. UKRAINE: 12♀♀ and 7♂♂ from 5 localities: Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Bogorodchany District, Mochary, 300–350 m, mixed forest, 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; Zhbyr, 400 m, mixed forest, 7–8 km SW of Bogorodchany; Transcarpathian Region: Beregovo District, Kidesh; Tyachiv District, Mala Ugolka, 750 m, beech forest; Uzhgorod District, Uzhgorod.

Theronia laevigata (Tschek, 1869)Diagnosis: This species is characterized by the black

body and partly red legs.Material examined. ROMANIA: ♀, Iasi Country:

Barnova, 03.11.1974. UKRAINE: 8♀♀ and 12♂♂ from 2 localities: Transcarpathian Region: Svydovets, 850–900 m, beech forest, 2–3 km NW of Kvasy; Tyachiv District, Mala Ugolka, 750 m, beech forest.

During the investigations carried out in various locations of the Ukrainian Carpathians between 2009 and 2015, 23 species of the tribe Pimplini, belonging to four genera, were recorded. Five species was recorded for the first time from Ukraine. The most abundant Pimplini species in 2009–2015 was Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst) (14% of the total number of specimens).

The Pimplini species have been recorded in various high-altitude zones of the Ukrainian Carpathians, as shown in the Table. Sixteen of them were collected in the foothill oak forest zone, reaching up to 150–400 m a.s.l. in Precarpathia and Transcarpathian lowland with mixed forests, where the main tree species are Quercus robur L., Q. rubra L., Caprinus spp., Fraxinus spp., Picea abies L., Abies alba Mill., and Pinus sylvestris L. The same number of species, 16, was found in monocultural stands of Fagus sylvatica L. in the beech forest zone (400–1300 m a.s.l.) in Transcarpathia. Pimplini parasitoids were not so abundant in the coniferous boreal forest zone, situated at 900–1600 m a.s.l. in the mountainous part of the Carpathians, represented only by 11 species, and P. murinanae Fahringer was collected only in this zone. Fourteen species were found in the subalpine zone, at 1400–2061 m a.s.l., known as polonynys, which are high-altitude open grasslands, partly taken over by bush, mainly by Pinus mugo Turra, Dushekia viridis Opiz, Juniperus sibirica Burgsdorf., and only single Picea abies L. trees. Two of them, P. arctica Zetterstedt and P. illecebrator (Villers), were found only in this zone.

AcknowledgmentsThe author would like to acknowledge the following curators: Ovidiu Popovici (UAIC), Stefan Schmidt (ZSM), Frank Koch (MNHU), and Marek Wanat (MNHHWU) for access to collections; and Ovidiu Popovici and Lucian Fusu (UAIC) for access to the photolaboratory. This study was funded by the Erasmus Mundus Scholarship, the Rufford Foundation, and the Ernst Mayr Grant.

References

Constantineanu MI, Pisica C (1977). Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae. Subfamilie Ephialtinae, Lycorininae, Xoridinae si Acaenitinae. Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania 9: 1-305 (in Romanian).

Fitton MG, Shaw MR, Gauld, ID (1988). Pimplinae Ichneumon-Flies: Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae (Pimplinae). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol. 7. St Albans, UK: Royal Entomological Society.

Gauld I, Bolton B (1988). The Hymenoptera. British Museum (Natural History). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Gauld ID (1991). The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, 1. Mem Amer Entomol Ins 47: 1-589.

Kasparyan DR (1973). A review of the Palearctic Ichneumonids of the tribe Pimplini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). The genera Itoplectis Forest and Apechthis Foerst. Entomol Review 52: 665-681 (in Russian).

Kasparyan DR (1974). Review of the Palearctic species of the tribe Pimplini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). The genus Pimpla Fabricius. Entomol Review 53: 382-403 (in Russian).

Kasparyan DR (1981). Subfamily Pimplinae. In: Medvedev GS, editor. Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR. Vol. III. Hymenoptera. Part 3. Leningrad, USSR: Nauka, pp. 41-97 (in Russian).

Pisică C, Popescu IE (2009). Le catalogue des ichneumonides (Hymenoptera: Ichneumoniade) de Roumanie. Iaşi, Romania: PIM (in Romanian).

Yu DS, van Achterberg C, Horstmann K (2012). Home of Ichneumonoidea. Ottawa, Canada. Available online at www.taxapad.com.