a shay ka nay wun htwat the pa mar 2

ta&SUu ae0ef;xGufonfUyrm

odef;azNrifh

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odef;azNrifh

49

urÇmppfBuD; aygufuJGvmavNyD

uRefawmf þvdk cspfudpö cspfa&,mOfaMum arsmaepOf? þvdk tEkt,Of cspfpmayawG

jyKpkaepOf-

urÇmhtajctaeum; atmufuaeí yGufxaeaom ppfvIdif;jzifh ckH;xtkH<uaeonf/

1300jynfh ta&;awmfykHwkef;uvdk jynfolvlxkwpf&yfvkH; tkH<uvIyf&Sm;jcif; r&Sdaomfvnf;

ocifrsm; acgif;aqmifaom oD;pm;cwdkufyJGrsm;? tvkyform;wdkufyJGrsm;? EdkifiHa&;pnf;&kH;rI

rsm;um; [dkrSmonfrSm ay:aeonf/ ausmif;om;wdkU\ oHrPdwyfrsm; avhusifhaeMuonf/

ocifpdk;u ArmhawmfvSefrI? ocifb[def;u tvkyform;avmu? ocifvSazu urÇmh

EdkifiHa&;ajrykH? ocifEku uRefawmfbkH0g'orm; ponfjzifh a&;aeMuonf/

[pfwvm *smreDu qdkAD,uf &k&Sm;ESifh tjyeftvSef rusL;ausmfa&;pmcsKyf csKyfqdkvkduf

avonf/

udkodef;azu xdkpmcsKyfudk e*g;eD*sme,frSm axmufcHa&;om;vdkuf\/ qdkAD,uf,leD,Honf

t*FvdyfjyifopfwkdUESifh yl;aygif;í vkHNcKHa&;pmcsKyfjzpfatmif vkyfcJU\/ csdefbmvdefwkdUu

uzsuf,zsuf vkyfcJUonf/ qdkAD,uf,leD,Honf b,fwdkif;jynfudkrS usL;ausmfapmfum;

rnfr[kwf/ rnfonfhEdkifiHESifhrqdk tcsif;csif; rusL;ausmfa&;pmcsKyfcsKyfEdkifonf/ [pfwvm

*smreDESifhvnf; rusL;ausmfrapmfum;a&;pmcsKyf csKyfEdkifonf/ xdk ukdodef;az\ aqmif;yg;

udk taMumif;jyKNyD; tpdk;&wkdUu e*g;eD*sme,fudk odrf;vdkufavonf/

]e,fcsJUpepfudk jynfwGif;ppfodkU ajymif;ypf} [laom todjzifh ocifpdk;? ocifEk? ocif

atmifqef;? ocifoef;xGef;? ocifwifarmifBuD;? ocifausmfpdef? ocifjr paom acgif;

aqmifrsm;onf EdkifiHa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaeMuavonf/

1939 ck? pufwifbmv 1&ufaeU/

- 2 -

ta&SUu ae0ef;xGufonfhyrm

[pfwvmonf ydkvefjynftm; ppfaMunmNyD; 0ifa&mufwkdufckdufjcif;tm;jzifh 'kwd,

urÇmppfBuD;udk pvdkufonf/

1939 ck? pufwifbmv 3&ufaeU/

jyifopfESifh t*FvefwkdUu *smreDtm; ppfaMunmvkdufavonf/

tjzpftysufwkdUonf wpfckNyD;wpfck avrkefwkdif;BuD;usovdk aqmifhí aqmifhí wdkufcwf

vmayonf/

ydkvefjynfonf cPtwGif; emZDavrkefwdkif;BuD;a&SUwGif Akef;Akef;vJus NydKvJawmhrnfuJUodkU

&Sdav\/ qdkAD,uf wyfrawmfBuD;onf 1917 ck? awmfvSefa&; NyD;cgpu ydkveftpdk;&tm;

ay;xm;&aom rdrdydkife,frsm;udk 0ifa&mufodrf;,lavonf/

emZD*smreDESifh qdkAD,uf,leD,HwkdU wpfjynfESifhwpfjynf rusL;ausmfa&;pmcsKyf csKyfvdkufaom

tcg uRefawmfwdkUt,f'Dwmu-

]]tif; MuufOta&mif wdrfawmifozG,f rif;a&;<u,fvdkU tqdk&SdwJUtwdkif;yJ w,fNyD; tod

cufwmyJ? wkdU qdkAD,uf,leD,H[m t*Fvdyf? jyifopfwkdUeJU r[mrdwfjzpfvdrfhr,fxifwm?

ckawmh emZDawGeJU r[mrdwfjzpfoGm;NyD}} [k uRefawmfhtm; ajymavonf/

uRefawmfonf e*g;eD*sme,frSmygaom udkodef;az\ aqmif;yg;udk zwfxm;NyD; jzpfojzifh-

]]r[mrdwfzGJUwmrS r[kwfbJq&m&JU? tcsif;csif; rusL;ausmfa&; qdkwmavmuf[myJ?

igh[migaer,f? rif;[mrif;aevdkU qdkwmavmufyJ q&m&JU}}

]]rif;xifoavmuf r&Sif;bl;a[h? txl;ojzifh &k&Sm;[m todcufw,fuG}}

*smreDu ydkvef0ifodrf;NyD; t*FvdyfeJU jyifopfwkdUu ppfaMunmvkdufaomtcg uRefawmfh

t,f'Dwmu uRefawmfhtm; wm0efopfwpfck ay;jyefavonf/ ppfBuD; jzpfyGm;vmaom

aMumifh Armhacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh jynfoljynfom;trsm;wkdUu b,fodkU xifjrif,lqMuonf?

bmawG ajymqdkaeMuonf? b,fvdk *,uf&dkufonfrsm;udk penf;emNyD; owif;aqmif;yg;

- 3 -

odef;azNrifh

a&;&ef jzpfavonf/ xkdwm0efopfESifhtwl c&D;p&dwfaiG 2usyfvnf; xkwfay;vdkuf

ao;\/

vltrsm;onf ppfudk rvTJra&Smifomjzpf&rnfh udpöwpf&yftaeESifh vufcHxm;Mu\/

Oa&myrSm jzpfaeaomaMumifh udk,fESifhrqdkifovdkvdkvnf; oabmxm;Muonf/ ]]olwkdU

bmom jzpfjzpfygap? wkdUtyl wpfjym;zkd;rS rygygbl;}} [k qdkolu qdkao;\/ jrefrmjynf

tpdk;&onf t*FvdyfvufatmufcH tpdk;&jzpfí jrefrmjynftpdk;&uvnf; *smreDtpdk;&tm;

ppfaMunmvdrfhrnfjzpfaMumif; uRefawmfowday;aomtcgwGifvnf; ]]jrefrmjynf tpdk;&u

ppfaMunmcsif aMunmyapaygh? olUbmom wdkufvdrfhraygh? usKyfwkdUu Munfhae&kHjyif

bmvkyfp&m&SdovJ}} [k aigholu aighavonf/ EdkifiHa&;Ekd;Mum;rI txdkuftavsmuf&Sdaom

olrsm;url t*Fvdyf 'ku©a&mufNyDjzpfojzifh 0rf;omaeMuonf/ t*Fvdyf &IH;&ef vkdvm;ae

Mu\/ ocifacgif;aqmiftcsKdUuom ppfonf rvdkvm;tyfaomt&mjzpfonf/ avmurSm

ppfqdkaomt&m r&Sdatmifvkyf&rnf pojzifh ajymMuonf/ odkUaomf olwkdUonf onf

ae&mwGif r&yf? urÇmavmuwGif t&if;&Sifpepf wnf&Sdaeao;orQ ppfjzpfaernf[laom

ydkif;jcm;a0zefrIudkvnf; jyKMuonf/ ppfjzpfapaom t&if;&Sifpepfudk zsufqD;ypf&rnf/

e,fcsJUorm;tcsif;csif; ppfcif;aeMupOf udkvdkeDEdkifiHrsm;u jynfwGif;ppf qifEGJ&rnf

ponfjzifhvnf; tvkyfvrf;nTefMuayonf/ uRefawmfa&;&aom owif;aqmif;yg;wGif

xdkuJUokdUaom ocifacgif;aqmiftcsKdU\ xifjrifcsuf? vrf;nTefcsufrsm;udkyg a&;cs&m

t,f'Dwmonf *,fvDy&kawG jrif&aomtcg rsufvkH;rsufqef jyL;oGm;NyD;-

]]at; 'grsKd;awG a&;xnfh&ifawmh wkdUowif;pm ydwf&rSm aocsmwmyJuG? atmifausmfwkdU

udpöwkef;uxuf qkd;r,farmif&ifa&U owdxm;}} [k qkdavonf/ NyD;aemuf 4if;wdkUudk

y,fxkwfvdkufavonf/

uRefawmfonf xdkwm0efopfESifhywfoufNyD; r*dkvrf;(a&TbkHomvrf;) odkUvnf; a&mufoGm;

cJhao;\/ csufcsif; a&Taps; wufoGm;onf/ txnftvdyfESifh EdkifiHjcm;ukefypönf; aps;rsm;

vnf; ckefíwufoGm;\/ EdkifiHjcm;odkU ydkU&efjzpfaom qefpyg;ESifh tjcm; aumufyJoD;ESH

aps;rsm;um; 'va[m usqif;oGm;ayonf/ udk,fESifh bmrQrqdkifbl;xifaom Armtrsm;

tm; xdcdkufavawmhrnf/ r*dkvrf;wpf0dkufwGif penf;emNyD;aemuf rjrrSDxHodkUvnf; 0if

oGm;avonf/ vlcsif;rawGUwm MumNyD/ ukefonfwpfa,muftaeESifh ppfBuD;udk b,fvdk

jrifovJ[kvnf; ar;&OD;rnf/

tcgwdkif;vkdyif azmfa&TNyKH;&Tifaom rjrrSD/

- 4 -


]]a[h b,fuaygufvmovJ? xdkif xdkif? rvmwm Mumygyaumvm;uG}}

uRefawmfonf þpum;rsKd;udk arQmfvifhNyD;om;jzpfojzifh qifajc&SmNyD;om; jzpfonf/

ay;aomukvm;xdkifwGif 0ifxdkif&if;-

]]rtm;vdkUyg rr&,f}}

]]bmrsm; rtm;&jyefwmvJ? wpfcgvmvnf; rtm;? wpfcgvmvnf; rtm;eJU}}

uRefawmfu bmrQjyefrajymbJ NyKH;NyD; rjrrSDtm; aphaphMunfhaepOf rjrrSD\ rsufESmrSm

wnfwHU NidrfoufoGm;onf/

]]ppfBuD;jzpfNyDqdkyJ? armifwifxGef; b,fvkdxifovJ? bmawGrsm; jzpfvmOD;rSmvJuG,f}}

]][if uRefawmf rrqDvmwmu tJ'Dar;cGef;udk ar;r,fvdkUvmwm}}

]]tkd-rrrSm bmA[kokw&SdvkdU armifav;u ar;&rSmvJ}}

]]'Dar;cGef;udk ajzwJUae&mrSm A[kokwr&Sdbl;qdkwJU &dk;&dk;ukefonfwpfa,muf taeeJU rru

ajz&rSmyg/ 'Dvdkygrr? uRefawmf tck owif;pmwdkufrSm vufaxmuft,f'Dwm 0ifvkyf

aew,f? tck ppfjzpfvmw,fqkdawmh}}

]]Munfhprf; b,fwkef;ursm; 0ifvkyfvkdufowkH;? rif;uav;[m rrudkvnf; bmrS

rajymygbJuvm;}}

]]ajym&if zsufaerSmpdk;vdkU? tck ppfjzpfvmw,fqdkawmh ppfjzpfwmeJU ywfoufNyD;

uRefawmfwkdU Armjynfoljynfom;awGu b,fvdk xifjrifw,f? ,lqw,f? b,fvdk

*,uf&dkufw,fqdkwm uRefawmfwkdU&JU owif;pmrSm xnfhoGif;azmfjyzdkU vkdw,f? 'gaMumifh

rrqD wrifvmNyD; ar;wmyg}}

]]aMomf 'Dvdkudk;? ppfBuD;u ydkUvdkufvdkU armifwifxGef; rrqD a&mufvmwmayghaemf?

ppfBuD;udkyJ aus;Zl;wif&OD;rvkd jzpfaeNyD}}

- 5 -

odef;azNrifh

uRefawmfu onfvkdtajymcH&wm oabmusovdkvdk &Sdaomfvnf; rl&mrm,mvkyfNyD;

EIwfcrf; plvkdufonf/

]]tdk rruvnf; 'Dvdkraighprf;ygeJU? uRefawmfrBudKufbl;? qlwm qJwm Budrf;wm cHcsifao;

w,f? &dkufwm cHcsifao;w,f}}

a&SUrqufbJ plíomaevkdufonf/ rru twefMum NyKH;aeNyD;aemuf-

]]rr aemufb,fawmhrS raighygbl;? rsufESmBuD; plrxm;prf;ygeJU? plaewJU rsufESmBuD;udk

rruvnf; rMunhfcsifygbl;? uJ uJ rpleJUawmhaemf? wpf-ESpf-okH; NyKH;vkduf NyKH;vkduf a[m

a[m [kwfNyD}}

uRefawmfonf rplratmifhEdkifawmhonfru NyKH;&kHrQjzifh rauseyfEdkifawmhbJ w[J[J &,fae

rdavawmhonf/

]]uJ ajymprf;ygOD;? ppfBuD;jzpfvm&NyDqkdawmh wkdUqDrSm bmawGrsm; jzpfukefOD;rSmvJ}}

]]uRefawmf r*dkvrf;wpf0dkuf pkHprf;&oavmufawmh Oa&myrSm ppfBuD;vnf; jzpfw,fqkda&m

EdkifiHjcm;u ukefypönf;awG aps;wufNyD; uRefawmfwdkUjynfxGuf EdkifiHjcm;ydkUzkdUukefawG aps;us

ukefw,f}}

]]tif; 'gawmh trSefyJ/ tjyifvlawGodwmu 0dkifom;awG? ydk;wGefUawG? puúLawGu

aps;wufoGm;wmavmufom odMuwm? rrwkdU ukefonftcsif;csif; bmblawGqDu

od&wmu 'gawGwufwmu odyfta&;rBuD;bl;/ 'Du ukefonfawGu aps;jrSifhMuwm/

oHxnf? oGyfxnf? bdvyfajr? aq;0g;aps;awG wufwmu [dkuudk aMu;eef;eJU csufcsif;

taMumif;Mum;NyD; wufwm/ rrrSm qefeJUyJ EdkifiHjcm;ydkUp&m &Sdaew,f? owfrSwfxm;wJU

&uf oabFma&mufr,f r[kwfbl;wJU? [dka&mufatmifydkUEdkif&if aps;aumif;&zdkU odyfrcuf

ygbl;/ ck ydkUzkdU oabFmvnf;cufa&m aps;awGuvnf; usukefa&m}}

rjrrSDu xkdodkU&Sif;jyajymqdkaepOf uRefawmfonf rjrrSD\BuD;rm;aom tvkyftudkif

taMumif;udk pOf;pm;rdonf/ rjrrSD\ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;rSm jynfwGif;rSmomru jynfy

rSmvnf; &Sdonf/ ArmxJwGif jynfyESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fEdkifol &Sm;vS\/ cifyGef;onfrSm

tdrfwGif oGufcsmyg'jzifhvJaeol jzpfaomfvnf; rjrrSDum; tm;ravQmhbJ pdwfrysufbJ

- 6 -


þtvkyfudk Edkifeif;pGm vkyfaeayonf/ pum;jzwfí b,fvdkEdkifeif;atmif vkyfovJ[k

ar;csifonf/ okdUaomf pum;jzwfcGifhr&/ rjrrSDu qufajymonf/

]]uG,f 'gawGu rrtzdkUawmh ta&;rBuD;ygbl;? EdkifiHjcm;eJU ul;oef;a&mif;0,fvdkU r&bl;

qdkvnf; jynfwGif;ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; wpfckwnf; vkyfaerSmygyJ/ jynfwGif; ul;oef;

a&mif;0,fa&; vkyfr&&ifvnf; &Sdwmuav; xdkifpm;ae&kHygyJ? ta&;BuD;wmu ppfBuD;[m

Oa&mywGifraebJ wkdU ta&SUbuful;vm&if cufrSmyJ? ukvm;Armt"du&kPf; twdkuf

tcdkufrSmawmif vlawG 'Davmuf 'ku©a&mufMu&if ppfBuD;rsm; 'Dudkul;vm&if b,favmuf

qdk;rvJ}}

rjrrSDonf xdktawG;jzifh tawmf&ifav;oGm;[efwlonf/ pdwfwGifru vlyg armvm[ef

&Sdonf/ oufjyif;csNyD; &yfem;ae\/ uRefawmfvnf; rjrrSDuJUodkUyif ppfBuD;rsm; ul;vm&if

[laom tawG;jzifh &ifav;ae\/ xkdpOfu Oa&myppfBuD; ul;pufjyefUyGm;vmrnfudk

BudKwifpdwfarmol tawmf&Sm;\/ xdk&Sm;olrsm;txJwGif tazmfjzpfaeMuaom rjrrSDESifh

uRefawmfwkdUonf wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf udk,fcsif;pmemp&m? av;pm;p&m trsm;tjym;

awGUaeMuavonf/ ESpfudk,fhwpfpdwf jzpfaeMuayonf/

]]uJuGm &ifav;p&m pdwfrat;p&mawG arhxm;vdkufMuygOD;pdkU&JU/ armifwifxGef;u

b,fhES,fvkyfNyD; owif;pmt,f'Dwm jzpfoGm;&wmwkH;/ olrsm;awGrSm bDatatmifw,f

qkd&if NrdKUtkyf? 0efaxmuf ponfjzifh vkyfMuw,f}}

]]NrdKUtkyf? 0efaxmufqkdwm uReftBuD;pm;awGyJ rr&JU? uRefawmfu tpdk;&vcpm; uRef

rvkyfcsifbl;? vGwfvGwfvyfvyf}}

]]at;ayghav? rif;wdkUu ocifawGqdkawmh [kwfwmaygh/ EdkUaeygOD; vcaum b,favmuf

&ovJ}}

]]wpfv ajcmufq,fhig;usyf}}

]]tkd bmrSr&ygbJvm;uG? rif;wpf0rf;wpfcg;rS avmuf&JUvm;uG,f}}

tu,fpifppf uRefawmfonf þvcudk rauseyfyg/ odkUaomf udk,fhtvkyfudk rSdwfí

umuG,f&\/

- 7 -

odef;azNrifh

]]avmufygw,f}}

]]rif; wpf0rf;wpfcg;twGuf avmufw,fxm;OD;? rif;rdbudk b,frSmaxmufyHUEdkifyghrvJ/

udk,fu ynmwwfNyD; tvkyftudkif&w,fqdk&if rdbudk aus;Zl;qyf&w,f/ aqGrsKd;om;csif;

udk axmufyHU&w,f}}

]]'gawmh rwwfEdkifbl; rr&JU? uRefawmfu EdkifiHa&;wm0efcHcsufawGvnf; &Sdao;awmh}}

uRefawmfu a&SUqufrajymawmhbJ cyfawGawG cyfai;ai; aevdkufonf/ EdkifiHa&;orm;

vnf; vkyfcsif? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;tvkyfvnf; vkyfcsifaom uRefawmfhtcuftcJrsm;udk

xyfrHwifjy&vQif "mwfpuf tyfaMumif;xyfovdk &Sdayawmhrnf/ rjrrSDu cyfai;ai;

cyfawGawG vkyfaeom uRefawmfhtm; tuJcwfíom Munhfaeonf/

tjyifbufrS tkwftkwfusufusuf toHrsm;udk Mum;&ojzifh aemufvSnfhMunfhvkdufonf/

rjrrSDvnf; uRefawmfESifhtwl tjyifbufodkU vSr;fMunfhavonf/ aeyl&mrS rkd;zGm;rsm;

&kwfw&uf usvmaomaMumifh vltrsm; &kwf&kwf&uf&ufjzpfoGm;jcif; jzpfavonf/ bmbl

ukvm;rsm;um; 'dkwDpudk rudkifvsuf rdk;ckd&ef eD;&mqdkifodkU ajy;uyfMuonf/ vrf;ay:rS

tpm;taomufqdkifuav;rsm;udk tajy;tvTm; &kyfodrf;olu &kyfodrf;aeonf/ Arm

toGm;tvm &Sm;vSaomvrf;/

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vGwfvyfwmaygh? rif; t,f'DwmtvkyfurS wdkufydkif&Sif&JU uRefjzpfaeao;wmrdkU rif;

ajymoavmuf vGwfvyfr,fr[kwfygbl;}}

rjrrSDajymorQudk uRefawmfacszsuf&ef cJ,Of;onf/

]]rr ajymwm [kwfawmh[kwfwmyJ? 'gayrJU}}

- 8 -


]]'gayrJU bmjzpfovJ}}

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rwwfEdkifbl;}}

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wpfa,muftzkdU bmrScufcJp&mr&Sdbl;/ rif;uom ukefonfvkyfzdkU pdwfygr,f? 0goem

arG;jrLr,f? BudK;pm;r,fqdk&if jzpfEdkifwmyJ/ wkdUArmxJrSm ukefonfBuD;awG b,favmuf

enf;ovJ/ 'Dr*dkvrf;yJ avQmufMunfh/ za&Zm(taemf&xm)vrf;? 'gv[dkZD (r[mAE¨Kv)

vrf;? w&kwfwef;? ukefonfvrf; avQmufMunfh? ukvm;w&kwf t*Fvdyf ukefonfBuD;

awGom BuD;pdk;aewm/ BuD;pdk;rSmaygh? rif;wkdUvdk acwfynmwwfuav;awGu ukefonf

vkyf&rSm pdwfrSrygbJ/ &SufaeMuw,f xifyg&JU/ ArmxJu qmOD;oGifvkd ukefonfBuD;awG

b,favmuf&Sm;ovJ? r&SdoavmufbJ r[kwfvm;/ qmOD;oGifwkdUuawmh acwfynmwwf

xJu xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ukefonfavmuxJ0ifvmvdkU BuD;yGm;wm/ qmOD;oGif[m ukefonf

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awG atmifMuwmyJ? 'gayrJU aps;a&mif;yJcdkif;wmyJ/ acwfynmwwfolu aps;a&mif;awmh

EdkifiHjcm;eJU &ifaygifwef;vdkufEdkifwmaygh/ rrwdkUrSm acwfynmrwwfbJ vkyfae&awmh

EdkifiHjcm;om;awGeJU eifvm;igvm; rNydKifEdkifbl;/ raygufa&mufbl;/ olwdkUeJUyJ aygif;NyD;

arS;vkyfae&w,f/ 'Dawmh wu,fhapwemeJU rif;udk rru tBuHay;csifw,f? ukefonf

vkyfzkdU pOf;pm;prf;yg}}

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rjzpfapeJU}}

uRefawmfu NyKH;&kHom NyKH;vkdufawmhonf/ ausmif;om;tjzpfESifh ta&;awmfykHwGif; a&mufcJU

&onf/ ta&;awmfykHwGif;rSm ocifwkdUESifh eD;pyfcJU&onf/ ocifwpfydkif; jzpfcJU&onf/

- 9 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 10 -


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- 11 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 12 -


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- 13 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 14 -


aoQmifxkH;ESifh vlBuD;u 0ifpGufonf/

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Muonf/

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r[kwfvm; tnGefU}}

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aumifrav;u bmrQrajym? ikHUíomaeonf/

- 15 -

odef;azNrifh

vli,fwpfa,mufu olUbmomol oDcsif;nnf;ovdkvdkESifh-

]]ykpGefqdwfuav;b,fvdki,f yifv,ful;awmh oefao;w,f}}

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vrf;v,faumif ykvdyfvufjywdkif ausmufxD;&dyfwGif t&l;rESifh ukvm;'ge&SifwdkUudk rawGU

&awmhay/

- 16 -


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avonf/

- 17 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 18 -


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- 19 -

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- 20 -


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- 25 -

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- 26 -


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- 27 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 28 -


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- 29 -

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- 30 -


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- 31 -

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- 32 -


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- 33 -

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- 34 -


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- 35 -

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- 36 -


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- 37 -

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- 38 -


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- 39 -

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- 40 -


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- 41 -

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- 43 -

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- 44 -


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- 45 -

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- 46 -


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- 47 -

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- 48 -


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- 49 -

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- 50 -


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- 52 -


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- 53 -

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- 54 -


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- 55 -

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- 56 -


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- 57 -

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csKH;yGJcsí idk&Smaom rjrrSD? rdef;rom;jzpfygvsuf uRefawmfhtay: [efraqmifEdkif&Smaom

- 58 -


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- 59 -

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- 60 -


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avownf;/ /

- 61 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 62 -


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vSonf/ &xm;oHudk Mum;rSMum;ygavp atmufarh&onf/

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- 63 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 64 -


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- 65 -

odef;azNrifh

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owd&\/

- 66 -


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- 67 -

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- 68 -


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- 69 -

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ao;/

- 70 -


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wHcg;yGifhoGm;ojzifh rIef&Dat;jraom eHeufcif;vif;a&mifonf tcef;xJ0ifvmonf/ rjrrSD

um; uwÅDyg&ifzkH;tusÐudk 0wfxm;\/ bmta&mif[kum; oJuJGpGmrjrif&/

aumif;uifum; Munfvifvsuf&Sd\/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh Mu,frsm;rSm Nidrf;ukefMuNyD/

tcsKdUom ta&mift0guif;rJUpGmjzifh rSdwfwkwfrSdwfwkwf vkyfae&pfcJUMu\/ ta&SUbufodkU

Munfhvdkufaomf rkd;ukyfpuf0dkif;onf ndKrnf;aeonf/ awmifBuD;NrdKUwnf&m jrifhrm;aom

awmifwef;BuD;rsm; jzpf[ef&Sd\/ ndKrnf;aom rkd;ukyfpuf0dkif;ay:wGif eDa&mifpdkUwef;rsm;

jzmxGufae\/ ajrmufbufrSmum; rIdif;ndKUndKU ukef;rdkUawmifurl awmifedrfhrsm;?

awmifbufrSmrl ESif;aiGU&Da0aom anmifa&TawmifMum; ajrjyefUESifh tif;av;/

blwm&kH taemufbufwGif &SefwdefvkyfNyD; uavmbufjyefxGuf&ef toifhapmifhaeaom

rD;&xm;/

uRefawmfwkdUonf ta&SUbuf ndKrnf;aom rkd;ukyfpuf0dkif;ESifh a&mifeDpdkUwef;rsm;odkU

rsufESmrlí avQmufvmMu\/ uRefawmfh b,fbufvufESifh rjrrSD\ nmvufrsm;rSm

,SOfwGJaeMuonf/ onfvkd ESpfa,mufom; avQmuf&mrSmjzpfap? xdkif&mrSmjzpfap? tdyf&mrSm

jzpfap ,SOfwGJrdwdkif; uRefawmfu rjrrSDxuf udk,fum,tm;jzifhvnf; BuD;xGm;onf/

- 71 -

odef;azNrifh

rdef;r[lonf tm;EGJUaomtrsKd;[laom oabmuvnf; &Sdjyefonfjzpf&um; touf

jcm;em;rIonf aysmufaysmufaewwfay\/ rjrrSDuvnf; i,f&G,folvdk jyKrlwwfay\/

]]armifav; ajcvSrf;BuD;u odyfusJwmyJ? rr vdkufrrDawmhbll;}}

uRefawmfum; ajcvSrf;pdyfvkdufNyD; jznf;jznf;uav;avQmuf&if; cpfceJ &,foGrf;aoG;

vsuf-

]]udkudkU ajcvSrf;BuD;uvnf; odyfusJwmyJvdkU ajymygvm;rr&,f? wpfcgwpfcg ckvdk

vGwfvyfwkef; udkudkvdkUac:wm odyfMum;csifw,f}}

rjrrSDonf uRefawmfhvufarmif;tdk;udk olUyg;ESifhuyfrdonfhwdkifatmif acgif;udk iJUxm;um-

]]udkudkU ajcvSrf;BuD;u odyfusJwmyJ? jr vdkufvdkUawmif rrDawmhbl;}}

uRefawmfu rjrrSD\cg;udk zufvkdufonf/ rjrrSDuvnf; uRefawmfhcg;udk jyefzufvkduf\/

xdktwGif; a&SUu csKHykwfuav;xJrS iSufwpfaumifonf 0&D;ceJ xdk;ysHxGufoGm;avonf/

rjrrSDrSm wu,fyif vefUzsyfoGm;NyD; uRefawmfhtm; wif;usyfpGmzufvsuf &yfaeonf/

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vefUp&mr[kwfwm rruvnf;}}

cgwGefoHudk em;axmifNyD; rjrrSDonf tvefUajyoGm;onf/ a&SUqufavQmufaomtcg

bkwfoHudk Mum;&avonf/

]]tJ'g bmoHvJ? odyfom,mwmyJaemf}}

]]bkwfoHav? &efukefrSmawmh tif;vsm;wpf0dkufeJU ukuúdKif;bufrSmom Mum;&w,f/

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xjrnfwwfw,f}}

- 72 -


ta&SUbuf ndKrnf;aom rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;onf ndK&kHom ndKawmhonf/ ndKaom

rkd;ukyfpuf0dkif;ay:rS a&mifeDpdkUwef;rsm;onfvnf; yef;a&mifpdkUwef;rsm; jzpfvmonf/

&xm;vrf;tqkH;odkU a&mufvmonf/ ausmufp&pfcJrsm;rSm BuD;vmonf/ vrf;uav;rSm

jrufxlvmonf/

]]&efukefeJU rwlbl;? odyfom,mwmyJaemf armifav;}}

]]rruvnf; udkudkvdkU ac:yg qdkaewm}}

]]oluawmh rrvdkU ac:aeNyD;awmh olUudkawmh udkudkvdkU ac:&r,fwJU}}

]]jrav; vm [dkay:rSm cPxdkif&atmif}}

ajrmufbufem;rSm BuD;rm;aom ausmufwkH;BuD;wpfck xD;xD;BuD; wnfaeonf/

aowÅmBuD;ESifh wlao;awmhonf/ ab;rSmvnf; trIdufo&dkufopfyif uif;pifaom ajrom;

omvQif &Sdaeavonf/

ausmufaowÅmBuD;ay:rSm ta&SUodkUrsufESmrlí xdkifaeMuavonf/ ta&SUbuf rdk;ukyf

puf0dkif;ndKay:rS aumif;uifonf ye;fa&mifpdkUwef;rsm;aysmufNyD; eDwpfuefU? 0gwpfoefU?

ndKwpfvTm? jymwpfxyf? jzLwpfqifhjzifh a&mifrsdK;pkH vTifhaeavonf/

iSufaygif;pkH usL;&ifhoHrsm;udkvnf; Mum;&avNyD/

rjrrSDonf olUnmvufudk uRefawmfhausmukH;ay:rSm jzwfNyD; uRefawmfh nmbufyckH;udk

zufudkifxm;onf/ olUb,fvufjzifh uRefawmfhb,fbufvufarmif;udk udkifvkdufNyD;-

]]armifav;}}

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]]udkudk}}

- 73 -

odef;azNrifh

]]jrav;}}

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vdkUawmh rac:ygeJUuG,f}}

]]bmvkdUvJ jrav;&JU}}

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jrav;qdkawmh rru q,fESpfausmfausmfBuD;aewmudk wrifowday;aeovdk jzpfoGm;w,f

armifav;&,f}}

rjrrSD\toHrSm wu,fyif aMuuJGae\/

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uRefawmfhpdwfrSmjzifh vkH;0aysmufaewm trSefygyJ/ odkUayr,fh jrav;qdkwmu wrif

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armifav;vkdUvnf; rac:eJU}}

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]]tdk armifav;auseyfatmif udkudkvdkU ac:yghr,f qdkaewmyJ}}

]]udkudkvdkUac:awmhvnf; toufjcm;em;rIudk wrifowday;aeovdk jzpfrSmpdk;&wmyJ? 'Dawmh

armifvkdUyJac:yg}}

rjrrSDonf tawmfoabmusoGm;[ef&Sdonf/ uRefawmfhyg;udk wpfcsuferf;vkdufonf/

]]jr}}

]]armif}}

- 74 -


]]jr&,f a[m'Dvdkom,mwJU eHeufcif;&JU obm0tvSudk tNrJMunhfaecsifw,f? Munfvif

at;jrwJU iSufaygif;pkHwkdU&JU usL;&ifhoHudk tNrJMum;aecsifw,f? armifcspfwJU jreJU a[m'Dvdk

,SOfwGJNyD; tNrJwrf;aecsifw,f? jra& &efukefudk rjyefcsifawmhbl;}}

rjrrSDonf uRefawmfhrsufESmudk aphaphMunhfNyD; ai;armaeonf/ twefMumawmh rsufESmrSm

EGrf;vsvmonf/ aemufawmh ndKrJoGm;onf/ aemufqkH;wGif uRefawmfh b,fbuf

vufarmif;udk qkyfudkifxm;aom olUb,fvufudk ajzvkdufNyD; uRefawmfh nmbuf

vufarmif;udk zufudkifum uRefawmfh&ifbwfay:wGif olUrsufESmudk uyfxm;vdkufonf/

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rjrrSDonf w&Iyf&IyfidkaeavNyD/ uRefawmfum; b,fvkdvkyf acsmh&rSef;rod/ uRefawmf

udk,fwkdifu xdkpum;awGudk b,f&nf&G,fcsufESifh ajymvdkufrdrSef;rod/ wu,fqdkawmh

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taumif;qkH;t&G,frSm uAsmOmPfuGefUjrL;NyD; pum;awG usL;vkdufjcif;om jzpf[efwlav

onf/ odkUr[kwfygu rjrrSDidkvQif &ifzdkvmNyD; tzsif;qkH; rsuf&nfawmh pdkUzkdUaumif;onf/

uRefawmfum; &ifrzdk? rsuf&nfrpdkU? rjrrSD bmaMumifhidkonfudkom odvdkaeonf/

]]tdk jr bmjzpfvdkU idkaewmvJ}}

]]jrawmh wu,fom aocsifawmhwmyJ armif&,f}}

]]tdk r[kwfwm? bmjzpfvkdU aocsif&rSmvJ}}

rjrrSDonf vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ &IdufBuD;wiif idkjyefavonf/ uRefawmfonf b,fvdk

acsmh&rSef;vnf; rodawmh/ acsmhzdkU oifhroifhrS rpOf;pm;wwf/ xdkUaMumifh rjrrSDtm; ayGUzuf

xm;NyD; tm;&atmif idkypf&ef cGifhjyKxm;vkduf&awmhonf/

ajrmufbufu avjynfuav;u aqmfaoG;vmonf/ avjynfrSm arsmygvmaom awm&eHU

uav;u oif;onf/

awmifxdyfzsm;rsm;ay:wGif 0gvJUvJUaea&mifjcnfrsm; wufvmonfudk jrif&NyD/

- 75 -

odef;azNrifh

rjrrSDum; idkíawmfawmftm;&oGm;NyD[k xifonf/ uRefawmfh&ifcGifudk rsufESmuyfNyD; Nidrfae

avonf/ uRefawmfum; rjrrSD bmvdkUidkonf[k pOf;pm;wdkif; rdef;rawG[m tod&

w,fcufwmyJ[k awG;awmrdavonf/

]]bmvkdUidk&wmvJ jr&JU}}

rjrrSDu jyif;xefpGm &IdufvdkufNyD; twefMumrS-

]]jr aoomaocsifw,f armif}}

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tcspf[m &mZ0ifrSm xif&Sm;usef&pfcJUr,f}}

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rjrrSDonf uRefawmfhtm; zufxm;onfudk qwfceJ vTwfvdkufNyD; rwfrwfxdkifvkdufonf/

pdwftm;xufoefaom rsufESmjzifh uRefawmfhudk MunfhNyD;-

]]wu,faoMupdkUvm;}}

uRefawmfu r[kwfw&kwf ajymaeaom uav;i,ftm; &,fvdkufovdk &,fvkdufNyD;-

]]jruvnf; bmawGavQmufajymaewmvJ? x oGm;MupdkU? aeawmifxGufvmNyD}}

ajymajymqdkqdk uRefawmfu rwfwwfxvdkufonf/ rjrrSDvnf; pdwfryghwygjzifh rwfwwf

&yf\/ uRefawmfu a&SUuavQmuf? rjrrSDu aemufuvdkuf jzpfae\/

]]jru tcspftwGuf wu,fao&Jwm? armifuawmh ao&JrSm r[kwfygbl;}}

uRefawmfhrSm ydkítHUMooGm;avonf/ rjrrSDtm; apmifhac:vsuf twl,SOfwGJavQmufapNyD;-

- 76 -


]]bmjzpfvkdU r[kwfr[wf aopum;awG ajymaewmvJ? aysmfaysmfyg;yg; avQmufvnf

p&mawG trsm;BuD;usefao;w,f? tm;&atmifcspfzdkU tcsdefawG trsm;BuD;&Sdao;w,f}}

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rSm rMunfvifvS? EGrf;vsíomaeonf/ aocsifw,fqkdaom pum;udk ayghayghuav;

ajymvkdufonfr[kwfaMumif; xif&Sm;\/ pdwfajymif;atmif uRefawmfu pum;ajymif;vkduf

&onf/

]]anmifa&TuvlawG um;eJUvmBudKrSmvm;}}

]]um;eJUjzpfrSmaygh}}

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]]ra0;bl;wJU}}

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tif;av;xJ tvnfoGm;Mur,faemf? tif;av;AdkvfwJrSm uRefawmfwkdUcsnf; wnf;&atmif

aemf}}

]]aumif;om;yJ}}

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&SdavNyD/

wnf;ckdcef;xJodkU a&mufaomtcg odef;odef;ESifh rcsKdwkdUonf tdyf&mrS xaeESifhMuavNyD/

rcsKdum; tdyf&mESifh ypönf;rsm;udk odrf;qnf;xkyfydk; aeavonf/

odef;odef;um; rsufESmopfxm;aomfvnf; aygif'gr&dkuf? oeyfcg;rvdrf;xm; jzpfavonf/

acgif;udkvnf; NzD;rxm;? rjrrSDonf odef;odef;\ cRwf,Gif;csufudk tvpfray;/

]]odef;odef;uvnf;uG,f? rsufESmajymifwvif;BuD;eJU? rsufESmopfNyD;w,fqdk&if aygif'g

uav; jzpfjzpfawmh &dkufxm;rSaygh? qHyifvnf; NzD;vdkufa&maygh}}

- 77 -

odef;azNrifh

odef;odef;onf bmrQ ckcHrajymbJ rjrrSDtBudKufvkdufNyD; rsufESmESifhqHyifwkdUudk o aeav

awmhonf/

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avonf/

OD;eE´um; &Srf;trsKd;om; yGJpm;BuD;jzpf\/ touf 50ausmf jzpfrnf[k cefUrSef;&\/ 0NyD;

cHUnm;onf/ EIwfcrf;arG;u acwfqefonf/ rD;ckd;a&mif ouúvwf &Srf;abmif;bDyGESifh

rD;ckdk;a&mif ouúvwf wdkufykHtusÐudk 0wfxm;onf/ ydk;y0gudk &Srf;[efjzifh aygif;xm;

onf/ pD;xm;aom &SL;zdeyfum; 0if;vufae\/

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nOD;BudKvdkU rjzpfbl;vdkU ajymjy&w,f}}

rjrrSDu azmfa&G&if;ESdD;aom trlt&mudk tpGrf;ukefjyvsuf-

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oGm;MupdkUvm;}}

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OD;eE´-

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tdrfuawmh yJG&kHvnf;zGifhxm;w,f? eef;yef&yfu tdrfrSmawmh vlaewJUtcg aew,f?

raewJUtcg ydwfxm;&w,f}}

rjrrSD-

]]eef;yeftdrfu vl&Sif;rSmaygh}}

- 78 -


]][kwfw,f olaX;uawmf}}

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jrSm;wdkifwGif anmifa&TodkU &Srfrdkif[k a&;xm;avonf/

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ajzmifhjzL;onf/

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tajrmuftjrm; &Sdaomfvnf; a&pD;aeonf[kyif rxif&acs/ aemufawmh xdk acsmif;BuD;

onf tif;BuD;vdk jzpfvmavonf/ MumjzL MumeD vIdifvSay\/ rsufpdwpfqkH;

v,fuGif;rsm;udk jrif&avonf/ bk&m;wefaqmif; ausmif;uefrsm;vnf; aygvS\/

bkef;BuD;ausmif;rsm;rSm bkHtqifhqifh jymom'ftaqmifaqmif &Sd&kHrQru cJ&mcJqpf

tqef;wMu,f xkxGif;xm;aom yef;ykvuf&mrsm;jzifh rGrf;rHxm;avonf/

um;a&SUwef; uRefawmfhab;rS vkdufygvmaom OD;eE´u aemufodkUvSnfhNyD; ]]a&SUu[m[m

anmifa&TygyJ olaX;uawmf}} [k ajymjyvdkufavonf/

a&SUrSm pdrf;ndKUndKUjrifuGif;wGif bkHtqifhtqifh jymom'ftaqmifaqmifESifh apwDykxdk;rsm;

onf xdk;xGif;aeavonf/

rjrrSDu-

]]yGJpm;BuD;&,f? uRefrudk olaX;uawmfvdkU rac:prf;ygeJU? Mum;&wm awmifhvGef;vkdUyg}}

- 79 -

odef;azNrifh

]]'gjzifh uRefawmfwkdU &Srf;jynfxkH;pHtwdkif; ausmif;trjzpfjzpf? bk&m;trjzpfjzpf? Z&yftr

jzpfjzpf ac:&vdrfhr,fAs}}

OD;eE´\ 0JaomtoHrSm em;axmifíaumif;onf/

]]rjrrSDvdkUyJ ac:yg&Sif}}

OD;eE´u &,faevkdufonf/ NyD;aemuf-

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bk&m;udk awmfbk&m;udk,fwdkif anmifa&Tudk yifhvmvdrhfr,f}}

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vdkufjyyg&Sif}}

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]]yJGpm;BuD;&,f? 'Dtavmif;tpm; A[kokkwrsKd;udkawmh uRefawmf rvkdcsifygbl;? tavmif;

tpm; tm;BuD;vdkU &Srf;jynfol jynfom;awGrSm epfrGef;ae&w,f r[kwfvm;Asm}}

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xkH;pH"avhjzpfaeawmh y,fzsufvdkU raumif;bl;/ 'gaMumifh awmfbk&m;BuD;wkdUuvnf;

tm;ay;aewmyJ/ jrefrmjynfrSmqdk&if EdkifiHjcm;xkH;pHjzpfwJU jrif;yJG? uvyfyJGwkdU bmwdkUudk

tpdk;&u zGifhay;NyD; trsKd;om;xkH;pH"avhjzpfwJU 4aumif? tefpm? a<uypf? *sifvSnfhawGudk

ydwfxm;w,f/ &Srf;jynfrSmawmh e,f&Sify,f&Sif apmfbGm;BuD;rsm;u trsKd;om;xkH;pH"avhudk

umuG,fay;aew,f}}

- 80 -


]]cifAsm;apmfbGm;awGu trsKd;om;xkH;pH"avhudk umuG,fwmvm;? tavmif;upm; tcGef

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ta[mif;om;ESifh uRefawmfhtm; pdkufMunfhaeavonf/ rjrrSDu Mum;0ifí awmfawmh\/

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om;uJUodkU usifh&r,fqkdwJU pum;ykH &Sdw,fr[kwfvm;/ &Srf;jynfa&muf&if &Srf;"avh

xkH;pHudk &dkao&r,f/ udk,fwdkifrvkyfEdkifOD; rqefUusif&bl;/ armifwifxGef; rBudKuf&if

rvkyfeJU? a[m'Du odef;odef;wpfa,mufvkH;&Sdw,f? odef;odef;u 36aumif uHprf;vdrfhr,f?

[kwfw,fr[kwfvm; odef;odef;}}

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]]36aumif xkd;r,f? [D;[D; vkyfzl;w,f&Sdatmif tukef vdkufupm;OD;r,f}}

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yg;pyfudk MunhfNyD; vkduf&,fao;onf/

NrdKUxJodkU 0ifcJUMuavNyD/ vrf;rsm;usOf;í &IyfaxG;vm\/ wkdufBuD;wmBuD;rsm; r&Sd? tdrfBuD;

rsm;om &Sdonf/ refusnf;yifrsm;u pnfum;vSonf/ aps;rSm awmNrdKUaps;uav;omom

&Sd\/ aps;tjyif&Sd qdkifBuD;rsm;rSm ukvm;w&kwfqdkifrsm;om jzpf\/

OD;eE´\ zdkU'fADGtdyfum;BuD;onf tdrfBuD;wpftdrfa&SUrSm &yfvdkufavonf/ awmolaX;

tdrfBuD;ESifhyHkpHwlonf/ tcef;wpfckxJwGif rNrrSDESifh odef;odef;wdkUtwGuf ckwifrsm;

ay;xm;NyD; uRefawmfhtwGuf xdktcef;tjyifbufwGif ckwifwpfvkH; cif;ay;onf/ tdrfOD;&Sd

bk&m;pifBuD;um; us,f0ef;vSyvSayonf/

OD;eE´wkdUudk,fwdkifum; þtdrfrSmraeMu/ uHom&yf&Sd yGJ&kHrSm taersm;onf[k od&

avonf/ uRefawmfwkdUtm; {nfh0wfausyGefpGm apmifha&Smuf&efqkdNyD; rdef;rBuD;wpfa,muf

ESifh a,musfm;ysKdwpfa,muftm; ydkUxm;onf/ rdef;rBuD;rSm cHUcHUnm;nm; oyfoyf&yf&yf

jzpfaomaMumifh jrifvQifjrifcsif; tapcHr[kwfaMumif; cefUrSef;Edkifavonf/ xkdrdef;rBuD;rSm

yGJpm;BuD;OD;eE´\ ESr0rf;uGJwpfa,mufjzpfaMumif;? emrnfrSm apmokjrwfjzpfaMumif; od&

- 81 -

odef;azNrifh

avonf/ a,musfm;ysKdrSm uRefawmfwkdUt&G,f jzpfNyD; tif;om;jzpfonf[k qkd\/

apmokjrwfu tppt&m&m pDrHonf/ udk,fwkdifvnf; csufjyKwfonf/ tifom;vli,fu

apmokjrwfcdkif;orQ vkyfay;&avonf/

OD;eEú apmokjrwftm;-

]]ESrBuD;a&U? &efukefu {nfhonfawGudk &Srf;jynfa&mufwkef; &Srf;jynftpmawG jrnf;ygap

aemf? aumif;aumif; csufauR;yg}}

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]]uJ uJ vufzuf&nfMurf; arT;arT;uav;vnf; vkyfygOD;}}

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apmokjrwfonf atmufxyfodkU qif;oGm;avonf/

OD;eEú rjrrSDtm;-

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]]yJGpm;BuD;uvnf; ac:jyefygNyD}}

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bmtvdk&Sd&Sd apmokjrwfudk ajymyg}}

rjrrSDum; &Srf;avjzifh-

]][kwfuJU&Sifh}}

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xkd&Srf;avudk owdjyKvkduf[efrwl/

- 82 -


]]uJ uRefawmfawmh yJG&kHudk cPvdkufoGm;OD;r,f? naeus&if tdrfu ausmif;trBuD;eJUtwl

vmcJUyghr,f}}

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ygbl;}}

]]tckaeqkd awmfawmfBuD;a&mayghaemf}}

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tac:ta0:udk em;rvnfEdkifatmif&SdNyD; pOf;pm;ae&pfavonf/ rjrrSDvnf; onftwdkif;yif

pOf;pm;ae[ef&Sd\/ aemufrS od&onfrSm olwdkUa'oxkH;pHt& bk&m;tr rjrrSD ac:rnfh

tpm; twdkcsKH;í bk&m;rjr[k ac:Mujcif;jzpfaMumif; od&avonf/ ausmif;'g,um

OD;eDqdkvQif ausmif;eD [k ac:wwfavonf/

rcsKdum; odef;odef;ESifh rjrrSDwkdU\ ypönf;rsm;udk ae&mcsxm;vsuf&Sd\/ tdyf&mrsm;udkvnf;

jyif\/ NyD;aemuf odef;odef;wkdU a&csKd;NyD;vdrf;&ef oeyfcg;aoG;aeavonf/

aeUv,f 2em&DavmufomomwGif bk&m;yifhyJG&Sd\/ anmifa&TapmfbGm;BuD; udk,fwkdif

tif;xJrS bk&m;udk yifhaqmifvmrnfjzpfí oGm;Munfh&ef uRefawmfwpfa,mufwnf;

jzpfaeavonf/ rjrrSDu vlawGrsm;aomae&m roGm;vdk[kqkdNyD; ae&pfcJUonf/ odef;odef;

u aeylonf[kqkdum ae&pfcJUavonf/

aps;a&qdyfrSaeNyD; aps;udkywfum NrdKUv,f&yf bk&m;yGJusif;y&mae&modkU yifhrnfjzpfonf/

vrf;wavQmufvkH; vlawG jynfhnyfae\/ olwkdUum; anmifa&TNrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;omru

tif;xJ&Sd &Gmrsm;rS vma&mufMunfh&IMuolrsm;vnf; ygavonf/

uRefawmfonf aps;teD; vufzuf&nfqdkifwpfqdkifa&SUwGif rwfwwf&yfvsuf apmifhMunfh

aeavonf/ vltrsm;vnf; rwfwwf&yfvsuf taemufbufodkU MunfhumMunfhum

- 83 -

odef;azNrifh

apmifharQmfaeMu\/ twefMumaomf c&koif;rIwfoH? aMu;pnfoHESifh qdkif;oHAkHoHrsm;udk

Mum;&avonf/ toHMum;&modkU arQmfMunfhvdkufaomfvnf; bk&m;vSnfhyJGudk rjrif&ao;/

vli,fwpfa,mufonf uRefawmfhteD;odkU vm&yfavonf/ olUudkuRefawmf jrifzl;ovdkvkd

&Sdonf/ olu uRefawmfhtm; odzl;ovdkvdk pdkufMunfhaeonf/ cPMumaomtcg uRefawmfh

tm; tNyKH;jzifh EIwfqufum-

]]cifAsm; &efukefu r[kwfvm;}}

]][kwfygw,f? cifAsm;udk uRefawmf jrifzl;w,fxifw,f}}

]]cifAsm; udkwifxGef; r[kwfvm;}}

]][kwfygw,f}}

]uRefawmfwkdUuawmh odwmaygh/ ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykHtwGif;u acgi;faqmifawGxJu

r[kwfvm;}}

]]cifAsm;vnf; &efukefwuúodkvfuyJ r[kwfvm;}}

]][kwfw,fav? uRefawmfwdkUvnf; ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykHwkef;u ygcJUwmaygh}}

olu anmifa&TrS &efukefwuúodkvfodkU vma&mufynmoifMum;aeaom cGefomjrwf jzpf

avonf/ &Srf;trsKd;om;yifjzpfaomfvnf; anmifa&Tom;wkdU\ xkH;pHtwdkif; &Srf;pum;

aumif;pGmrwwf/ trSeftm;jzifh jrefrmpum;ajym&mwGif r0JvSawmhacs/

olESifh tvmyov’my ajymaeMupOf acgif;aygif;eDaygif;xm;aom &Srf;ykvdyfrsm;onf

wkwf&SnfBuD;rsm;udk a0SU,rf;vsuf vlxktm; vrf;tz,fcdkif; aeavonf/

]]xkdifMu xdkifMu awmfbk&m;<uvmNyD}}

c&koif;oHrsm;u pl;&Svmonf/ aMu;pnfoHrsm;vnf; qlnHvmonf/

- 84 -


cGefomjrwfonf bmrSrajymbJ uRefawmfhvufarmif;udk qGJum vufzuf&nfqkdifxJ

ac:oGm;avonf/ vufzuf&nfqdkifxJa&mufNyD; xdkifrdrS-

]]jrifvm;? uRefawmfwdkU vrf;ab;rSm&yfae&if [dky&dowfvdk 'l;wkyfNyD; apmfbGm;udk

&Sdcdk;&r,f}}

]]apmfbGm;&Sdckd;wm [kwf&JUvm; cGefomjrwfuJU? apmfbGm;yifhvmwJU bk&m;udk &Sdcdk;wm

xifyg&JU}}

]]bk&m;rygvnf; apmfbGm;BuD;<uvmw,fqdkvdkU ykvdyfuatmfay;&if Mum;orQ vltaygif;

u 'l;wkyfNyD; &Sdckd;&wmyJAs}}

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aemufwGif &Srf;jynfvkyf wlrD;aoewf? "m;? vSH rsm;udk udkifaqmifvmaom &Srf;ppfom;rsm;

aemufrS bk&m;yifhvmaom vlwGef;&xm;? xdk&xm;udk puúLa&mifpkH a&TcsnfaiGcsnfpwkdUjzifh

tvSty jyifqifxm;onf/

apmfbGm;BuD;onf &xm;udk wGef;usKd;uRefNyKvsuf BuD;pGmaom£ajEjzifh vSrf;<uvmawmf

rlonf/ vlESpfa,mufu olUtm; ueuú'PfxD;jzL rdk;ay;&avonf/

cGefomjrwf-

]]uRefawmfwkdU anmifa&TapmfbGm;BuD;u apmfbGm;BuD;rkdU ueuú'PfxD;jzL aqmif;EdkifwmAs/

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olwkdUusawmh a&TxD;udkyJ aqmif;&w,f}}

]]a[mfeef;ay: wufMunfh&yghrvm; cGefomjrwf}}

]]Munfhcsif&if cGifhawmif;NyD; Munfh&w,f? a[mfeef;ay:udk zdeyfpD;NyD; rwuf&bl;aemf}}

]]t&ifapmfbGm;BuD;emrnfu b,folwJUAs}}

]]qmapmarmifwJU}}

- 85 -

odef;azNrifh

]]tif;- qmapmarmifvufxufu oDaygrif;ay;xm;wJU yv’if[m ckxd a[mfay:rSm

&Sdw,fqdk [kwfovm;}}

]][kwfygw,f? yv’ifu apmfbGm;awGxdkifzkdU r[kwfygbl;? vufwif&kH wif&wmyg}}

wD;0dkif;wpfck a&mufvmavonf/ acwfwl&d,mrsm;udk wD;rIwfvmMu\/ olwkdUonf

&Srf;abmif;bDtjzLESifh &Srf;wkdufykHtusÐtjzLudk 0wfxm;Muonf/

cGefomjrwf-

]]'gu apmfbGm;BuD;udk,fwdkif wnfaxmifxm;wJU wD;0dkif;yJAs}}

cGefomjrwfonf vufzuf&nfrSmNyD; uRefawmfhtm; raomufaomufatmif wkdufwGef;

aeonf/ aemuf &kwfw&uf-

]]aemufqkH; ppftajctaeu b,fES,faevJ}}

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uvnf; ckxd tm;wkdufcGefwdkuf ppfrwdkufao;ygbl;Asm/ *smreDudk &k&Sm;buf vSnfhoGm;

atmif tuGufqifaewkef;yJ/ 'DrSmawmh ppftaMumif; vltrsm;u b,fvkdajymqkdMuovJ}}

]]t&yfolt&yfom; vltrsm;uawmh ppfjzpfaew,fqkdwmawmif rodbl;Asm? apmfbGm;BuD;

uawmh ppfxJawmif 0ifr,f Mum;w,f}}

]][kwf&JUvm;}}

]][kwfygw,f/ apmfbGm;BuD;u udk,fwdkif ppfxJ0if&kHrubl;? oludk,fwkdif ppfAdkvfvkyfNyD;

&Sr;fbufw,fvD,Hwpfck axmifzkdU BudK;pm;aew,fvkdU Mum;&w,f}}

bk&m;vSnfhyJGonf a&SUodkU vGefoGm;avNyD/ vrf;ay:u vlpkvla0;vnf; uGJavNyD/

uRefawmfu jyef&efjyifaomf cGefomjrwfonf vGefpGmta&;BuD;aomrsufESm xm;vkdufNyD;

wkd;wdk;uav; ajymvdkufonf/

- 86 -


]]ppfjzpfaewkef; uRefawmfwkdU bmrSrvkyfMubl;vm;}}

]]vkyfawmh vkyf&rSmyJAs? t*Fvdyftcuf jrefrmtcsufqkdw,f r[kwfvm;}}

]]'DrSm taMumif;&Sd&if uRefawmfwkdUudkvnf; vufwkdUygAsm? jrefrmjynfu aemifBuD;awG

nTefMum;wJUtwdkif; &Sr;fjynfunDawG vkdufvkyfrSmaygh}}

]]taMumif;&Sd&if vufwkdUyghr,fh? apmifhomaeyg}}

uRefawmfum; [dwf[efxkwfí ajymvkduf&aomfvnf; udk,fhtjzpftysufudk owday;

vdkufovdk &SdaomaMumifh twGif;usdwfí &Sufrdavonf/ uRefawmfonf ajcovkH;tdrfwkdif

EdkifiHa&;vkyfrnfqkdNyD; ausmif;xGufcJUonf/ awmifrus ajrmufrus t,f'Dwmaygufp

jzpfcJU&onf/ xkdb0rSm pdwfysufvmjyefNyD; pdwf*emrNidrf jzpfaepOf tazmfaumif;ESifh

aysmfaMumif;&SmcJUonf/ &efukefrS xGufvmuwnf;u EdkifiHa&;udk arhxm;onf/ ppfBuD;udk

azsmufxm;onf/ rsKd;cspfpdwf? vGwfvyfa&;pdwfjzifh wuf<uaeaom cGefomjrwfu

uRefawmfhtm; tdyfruf&mrS vIyfEId;vdkufouJUodkU jzpfavonf/

cGefomjrwftm; uRefawmfu wnf;tdrfodkU ac:onf/ olu vkduf&efjiif;qefvsuf

wnf;tdrfESifh rvSrf;rurf;xd vkdufydkUNyD; jyefoGm;avonf/ yGJpm;BuD; OD;eE´\ tdrfudk

wrifa&SmifaMumif; odomayonf/

- 87 -

odef;azNrifh

54

cGefomjrwfESif h apmokeE´m

naecif;wGif ndKUrIdif;aom awmifrsm;Mum;&Sd pdrf;vef;aom ajrjyefUtv,f? Mu,fvif

jymvufonfh tif;av;uefBuD;xdyfwGif wnfaeaom anmifa&TNrdKUuav;onf om,mvSy

ae\/ taemufbufawmif&dk;rsm;wGif rsufESmzkH;uG,foGm;aom aerif;onf rD;jywkdifrS

rD;udk tay:armhxkd;aeovdk aea&mifjcnfrsm;udk tay:armhxdk;xm;avonf/ xkd

aea&mifjcnfrsm;onf anmifa&TNrdKUay: ausmfvTm;oGm;NyD; ta&SUawmif&dk;rsm;ay:wGif

usqif;aeavonf/ aeUcif;u aeyljyif;aomfvnf; naecif;rSm at;pdrfhpdrfh jzpfvm

avonf/

rjrrSD? odef;odef;ESifh uRefawmfwkdUonf a&rdk;csKd;NyD; 0wfaumif;pm;vSrsm;udk 0wfqifxm;

Muavonf/ rjrrSDESifh odef;odef;wkdUonf zufzl;a&mif ydk;wGefUvkHcsnfudk qifwl 0wfxm;

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zGJUxkH;ykHrSmvnf; qifwl? pdefqHxdk;xdk; yef;yefykHrSmvnf; qifwl? EIwfcrf;aq;rSmvnf;

wpfa&mifwnf;? odef;odef;rSm yGww 0jcif;ESifh udk,fcE¨¨m aumufaMumif;armufaMumif;

odyfrxif&Sm;jcif;rSwpfyg; ajymp&mr&Sdaom rdef;rvS wpfa,mufygay/ rjrrSDrSmawmh

uspfvpfpdkjynfNyD; aumufaMumif;armufaMumif;rsm; tcsKd;uspGm ay:vGifaeojzifh ydkrkd

vSyayonf/

uRefawmfonf rjrrSDay;aom Munfjyma&mif befaumufvkHcsnfESifh ndKazsmhazsmh

ouúvwfyg; wkdufykHtusÐwkdUudk 0wfxm;avonf/ rjrrSDonf uRefawmfhtm; t&dyf

wMunfhMunfh vkyfonfrSwyg; bmrSrajym/ trSeftm;jzifh rjrrSDonf anmifa&TblwmrS

xGufvmuwnf;u uRefawmfhtm; qufqHykHrSm armifuav;wpfa,mufxuf rydk/

wpfcsufwpfuGufrQ r&dk;rIray:xGuf&ef BudK;pm;í aexdkifaMumif; odomavonf/

twefMumaomf OD;eE´ESifh olUausmif;trBuD; a&mufvmavonf/ olwkdU orD;uav;

qdkwmvnf; ygvm\/ ausmif;trBuD;rSm OD;eE´xuf t&G,fusonf/ ta&rsm;wGefUí

qHrsm; jzLaeavNyD/ odkUaomf i,fi,fu rdef;racsmBuD;jzpfaMumif; odomayonf/ olwkdU

orD;um; q,fhckESpfESpf q,fh&SpfESpf t&G,frQ &SdNyD[k cefUrSef;&onf/ wkwfwkwfcJcJ jzLjzL

- 88 -


azG;azG;uav; jzpf\/ rsufvkH;cyfarS;arS;? ESmacgif;cyfjym;jym;ESifh wpfrsKd;vSoljzpf&m

wpfbmom &Srf;vSvSwJU &kyfyJ[k pdwfxJrSm rSwfcsufcsvkdufavonf/

rjrrSDu-

]]ausmif;'umudk apmifhaewm awmfawmfMumNyD? ckawmh vrf;avQmufxGufMur,fvdkU}}

OD;eE´-

]]vrf;avQmufxGuf&if xGufwmaygh bk&m;rjra&U? tdrfrSm awmifBuD;u {nfhonfawG

a&mufaewmeJU aemufusoGm;wm? 'gxuf awmifBuD;udk wufMuOD;r,f r[kwfvm;}}

odef;odef;onf rjrrSDtm; tuJcwfí Munfhaeavonf/ rjrrSDonf ra0cJGEdkifaom

rsufESmjzifh-

]]Munfhao;wmaygh yGJpm;BuD;&,f? tif;av;u jyefrS ajymyghr,f}}

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]]awmifBuD;oGm;csif&ifawmh wnf;ckdzdkUtdrf tqifoifhyJ? awmifBuD;u rdwfaqGawGudk

ajymawmifxm;NyD;NyD}}

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]]aeUcif;u bk&m;yifhyJG a&mufao;w,f r[kwfvm;}}

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ausmif;om; cGefomjrwftaMumif;odkU a&mufoGm;Muavonf/ cGefomjrwfemrnfudk

uRefawmfu azmfjyvdkufonfESifh OD;eE´\rsufESmonf rmausmoGm;onfudk owdjyKvkdufrd

ayonf/

- 89 -

odef;azNrifh

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awGU&\/ uRefawmfwdkUbufodkU tm&kHa&mufaeaom orD;tm; rjrrSDu-

]]wlrBuD;&JUemrnfu bmwJU? arhaew,f? t*Fvdyfemrnfqkdawmh arhwmayghuG,f}}

]]tdkufADygwJU tefwD}}

OD;eEú Mum;0ifvsuf-

]]&Srf;emrnfvnf; &Sdygw,fAsm? apmokeE´mwJU}}

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]]tJ'Demrnfuav;u vSvdkufwmuG,f? tefwDawmh &Srf;emrnfudkyJ ac:r,faemf}}

apmokeE´monf csKdjrpGmNyKH;NyD; ajcuav;rsm;udk <uwkHrwkH jyKvkdufavonf/ a&Tajccsif;BuD;

0wfxm;onfudk 0if;ceJ jrifvkduf&\/

vrf;avQmuf&ef xGufMuaomtcg odef;odef;u rcsKdtm; vuf[efajc[efjzifh ac:onf/

rcsKdu tusÐrsm; rD;ylwkduf&efESifh tjcm;vkyfp&m&Sdonfrsm;udk vkyf&ef tdrfrSmyif ae&pfMu

avonf/

rjrrSDESifh apmokeE´mwkdUu a&SUuavQmufMuonf/ uRefawmfESifh odef;odef;wkdUu aemufrS

vdkufMuonf/ uRefawmfonf apmokeE´mtm; aemufrSMunfh&if; cGefomjrwfESifh olwkdU\

qufqHykH rnfodkU&Sdrnfudk cefUrSef;Munfhaeavonf/ cGefomjrwfESifh apmokeE´mwkdU

vli,fcsif; cspfaeMuNyD; OD;eEú uefUuGufzsufqD;aeojzifh cGefomjrwfonf apmokeE´m

wkdUtdrfodkU 0if&ef a&Smifaejcif;ayavm/ cGefomjrwfu apmfbGm;qefUusifa&;orm;? OD;eEú

apmfbGm;bufom;jzpfí roifhrjrwf jzpfaeMuoavm/ odkUuvdk pOf;pm;&if; OD;eE´\

ESrawmfqkdol uRefawmfwkdUtm; {nfhcHjyKpkonfh apmokjrwfrsufESmESifh cGefomjrwf\ rsufESm

cyfqifqifwlykHudk owd&avonf/ olwkdUtcsif;csif; aqGrsKd;&if;csmrsm;yifavm/

- 90 -


]]udkwifxGef;}} [k odef;odef;u ac:vdkufawmhrS tawG;&yfoGm;awmh\/

]]bmvJ rodef;odef;}}

]]awmifBuD;oGm;jzpfatmif jrjrudk ajymay;ygaemf}}

uRefawmfhrSm tenf;i,f &,frdavonf/

]]odef;odef;u awmifBuD; odyfoGm;csifaeovm;}}

]]oGm;csifwmaygh}}

]]'gjzifhrrudk odef;odef;udk,fwdkif ajymygvm;As}}

]]jrjru odef;odef;ajymvdkU &csifrS&rSmaemf? ajymay;ygvm;aemf}}

uav;qefaom odef;odef;/ rjrrSDtm; cspfvnf;cspf\/ aMumufvnf;aMumuf\/ rjrrSD\

MoZmudk nDri,fonfyif þrQcHrnf r[kwf/

Z&yfuav;ESifhwlaom taqmufttkHwpfcka&SUodkU a&mufaomtcg a&SUrSa&mufaeMuaom

rjrrSDwdkUu uRefawmfwdkUtm; vSnfhMunfhNyD;-

]]armifav; a[m'gu apmfbGm;BuD;w&m;pD&ifwJU &kH;wJUuGJU}}

uRefawmfonf w&m;&kH;qdkaom taqmufttkHudk MunfhNyD; tHUMoaerdavonf/

OykofZ&yfESifh wlvSonf/ OykofZ&yfrS i,fía[mif;aom Z&yfrsKd;xJu jzpfonf/

apmokeE´mu uRefawmfwkdUyg Mum;avmufatmif rjrrSDtm; &Sif;jyaeavonf/ onf&kH;wGif

w&m;a&;trwfcsKyf aeUpOf &kH;xkdifonf/ wpfcgwpf apmfbGm;BuD;udk,fwkdif xdkifNyD; w&m;

pD&ifawmfrlonf/ wpfcgwpfcg om;awmfBuD;xkdifNyD; w&m;pD&ifawmfrlonf/ anmifa&T

ya'o&mZfe,f\ yk'fr 10ck&Sdaom w&m;a&;&mudk xdef;odrf;aom w&m;vTwfawmf

aywnf;/

- 91 -

odef;azNrifh

tkwfjymom'fBuD;wpfcka&SUrS jzwfavQmufMuavonf/ uG,fvGefol apmfbGm;BuD;

qmapmarmifESifh uG,fvGefol r[ma'0DBuD;\ *ljzpfavonf/

wl;ajrmif;qdyfodkU a&mufaomtcg ajrmif;&kd;ay:rSm taemufbuf rsufESmrlí &yfaeMu

avonf/ xdkwl;ajrmif;onf anmifa&TNrdKUESifh tif;udk qufxm;\/ avSrsm;ESifh yJUcsdwfwyf

pufavSrsm; oGm;vmvsuf&Sdavonf/ tif;xJodkU uRefawmfwkdU tvnfqif;aomtcg

þwl;ajrmif;rSyif oGm;Mu&vdrfhrnf/

aerif;onf vkH;0aysmufuG,foGm;avNyD/ ywfywfvnf rkd;ukwfpuf0dkif;wpfckvkH; rIef&D

vm\/ awmifcdk;vdkvkd? qD;ESif;vdkvdk/

rjrrSD-

]]at;vmNyDaemf}}

]]tdkufADwkdUtzdkUawmh aeaumif;&kH at;jrjruav;yJ tefwD&JU}}

]]rcHEdkifatmifawmh r[kwfygbl;uG,f}} [k ajymNyD; rjrrSDonf qG,fwmudk yckH;ESpfzufay:rSm

vTm;wif&kH wifxm;vkdufonf/ odef;oef;vnf; rjrrSDvdk vkdufvkyf\/

rjrrSD-

]]vrf;"mwfrD;awG bmawG r&Sdbl;aemf}}

apmokeE´m-

]]r&Sdbl; tefwD&JU? awmfbk&m;&JU a[mfxJrSmawmh &Sdw,f}}

uRefawmfwkdUonf tdrfbufodkU jyefavQmufcJUMuavonf/

tdrfay:wGif vufqGJ"mwfrD;BuD; xGef;xm;ojzifh 0if;xdefvsuf&Sdonf/

- 92 -


apmokjrwfESifh OD;eE´wkdUonf xrif;yJGjyifvsuf apmifhaeMu\/ ausmif;trBuD;um;

NrdKUv,ftdrfodkU jyefoGm;avNyD/ xrif;pm;í NrdefvSonf/ wpfbmom xl;jcm;aom t&om

ygaywnf;/

xrif;pm;NyD; 7em&DcGJaomtcg OD;eEú bk&m;yGJodkU ac:avonf/ tavmif;upm;

A[kokwudk rvdkcsifyg[k ajymNyD; jzpfaomaMumifh OD;eEónf uRefawmfhtm; twif;

rac:awmhyg/ odef;odef;udkum; txl;rac:&NyD/ odef;odef;um; 36aumif uHprf;&ef?

teDaxmif tefpm ponfrsm;udk upm;&ef oabmwlNyD;jzpfí rcsKdESifhtwl vdkuf&ef

tqifoifh jzpfae\/ OD;eEónf rjrrSDtm; tBudrfBudrfac:\/ rjrrSDu aemufqkH;wGif-

]]onf;cHyg ausmif;'um&,f? &efukefrSm vlpnfum;vGef;tm;BuD;vdkU NiD;aiGUNyD; &Srf;jynfrSm

at;at; tem;,lcsifvkdU tvnfvmwmyg/ ausmif;'umBuD;ac:wm rjiif;csifbJ jiif;&wm

yg&Sif}}

OD;eE´-

]]aumif;ygNyDAsm? rac:awmhygbl;/ odkUayr,fh &efukefu olaX;uawmh olaX;uawmfudk

tESHU vkdufrjyvkdufbl;vdkU txifr&SdygapeJU [J [J}}

rjrrSDu vkdufavsmpGm &,farmNyD;-

]]uRefr olem;vnfatmif &Sif;jyyghr,f&Sif}}

uRefawmfonf pum;ajym&mqkd&mrsm;ü rjrrSD\a,musfm; olaX;OD;xGef;\ emrnfESifh

OD;xGef;0if;taMumif; ygvmwdkif; pdwfroufrom jzpfrdavonf/ olUudk uRefawmf

arhxm;vkdufcsifonf/

OD;eE´? apmokeE´m? odef;odef;ESifh rcsKdwkdU xGufoGm;Muavonf/

rjrrSDu xdkifae&mrSyif-

]]odyfnOfheufreufapeJUaemf odef;odef;}}

- 93 -

odef;azNrifh

]]nOfhreufap&ygbl; jrjr&,f? yJGvnf; rMunfhygbl;}} [k odef;odef;u avSum;ay:rS vSrf;

ajymvdkufavonf/

tdrfay:rSm apmokjrwftm; anmifa&Taps;taMumif;? a&mif;csaeaom ukefypönf;rsm;

taMumif;? tif;rSxGufaom ukefypönf;rsm;taMumif;? csdyf tajrmuftjrm;xGufaom

rdkif;aomufNrdKU taMumif; ponfrsm;udk ar;jref;aeavonf/ rjrrSD\ ukefonfOmPfESifh

ukefonfpdwf0ifpm;rIonf tNrJwrf; xufjrufvsuf&Sdayonf/

4if;aemuf rjrrSDonf xNyD; tcef;xJ 0ifoGm;avonf/ uRefawmfu apmokjrwftm;

aeUcif;u bk&m;vSnfhyJGtaMumif;rSaeNyD; oli,fcsif; cGefomjrwfESifhawGUykH pyf[yfí ajymjy

vkdufavonf/ cGefomjrwf\emrnfudk Mum;vdkufvQifyif apmokjrwf\ rsufESmonf

aysmhaysmif;oGm;avonf/ uRefawmfonf rsufESm&dyfrsufESmjcnfudk MunfhNyD; cGefomjrwfESifh

ywfoufí csD;usL;p&m&SdorQ azmfxkwfvkdufavonf/ rdef;rBuD;um; NyKH;&Tiftm;&pGm

em;axmifae\/

]]a':a': cGefomjrwfeJU odovm;}}

]]od&kHbmurvJ vlav;&,f}}

onfrQajymNyD; olr\rsufESmrSm ndK;vmonf/ aemufxyf pum;vmOD;rnfvm;[k

uRefawmf apmifhaomfvnf; apmokjrwfonf Nidrfíomaeonf/

]]a':a':eJU trsKd;awmfovm;}}

xdktcg rdef;rBuD;\ rsufvkH;rsm;wGif rsuf&nfpkdUvmavonf/ xkdUaemuf taMumif;pkHudk

zGifh[avonf/ cGefomjrwfonf OD;eEÉSifh wdwfwdwfykef;&aom apmokjrwf\ wpfOD;

wnf;aomom;yif jzpfayonf/ apmokjrwfum; OD;eE´\ 0rf;uGJc,frawmfwpfOD; jzpfvsuf

txift&Sm;rxm;aom r,m;i,fwpfOD;yif jzpfavonf/ om;uav;udk ynmoifay;vQif

awmfNyD[laom oabmjzifh OD;eE´xHwGif r,m;i,fuRefcHtepfemcHí aecJUavonf/

OD;eEúm; cGefomjrwftm; aumvdyfausmif;xdydkUvsuf ynmoifay;aeaomfvnf; om;tz

t,ltqrwl? roifhjrwfMu/ onftxJwGif cGefomjrwfESifh apmokeE´mwkdUonf vli,fcsif;

bm0 usdwfí&nfiHaeMuNyD[k OD;eEú txif&SdNyD; cGefomjrwftm; tdrfem;odkU ruyfEdkif

atmif vkyfxm;avonf/ rdef;rBuD;rSm ajym&if; rsuf&nfaygufBuD;i,f usaeavonf/

- 94 -


rjrrSD tcef;rS jyefxGufvmaomtcg pum;udkrqufbJ rsuf&nfokwfvsuf atmufodkU

qif;oGm;av\/

rjrrSDonf ouúvwfvkHcsnfudk vJ0wfvmNyD; qG,fwmudk Mu,foD;wyfxm;avonf/

uRefawmfu rjrrSDtm; apmokjrwf? cGefomjrwf? apmokeE´mESifh OD;eE´wkdU 0w¬Kudk ajymjy

&avonf/ rjrrSDonf rsm;pGm pdwfxdckdufoGm;[efwlonf/ oufjyif;csNyD;-

]]rrjzifh vli,fawGudk odyfoem;wmyJuG,f}}

]]rdef;rBuD;uvnf; oem;p&myJ rr&JU? OD;eE´u vlqkd;BuD;yJ}}

]]qkd;w,fvkdUawmh r[kwfbl;ayghuG,f? &Srf;jynfrSm rdef;rawGtrsm;BuD;,lwmu xkH;pHvdk

jzpfaewmudk;}}

]]e,f&Sify,f&Sif tBuD;tuJqdkwJU apmfbGm;awGudk,fwkdifu rdef;rtrsm;tjym; ,lxm;awmh

NrdKUpm;? aiGcGefrSL;? xrkkHUeJU ukefonfyJGpm; vlukHxHrsm;uvnf; rdef;rrsm;rsm; ,lMuwmaygh?

rdef;rokH;av;a,muf,lwm tjypfvkdU r,lqMuawmhbl;? a,musmf;aumif; armif;r

wpfaxmif qdkwm[m wifhw,f*kPf&SdwJU tusifhw&m;vkd jzpfaeNyD}}

rjrrSDonf wpfpkHwpf&mudkawG;&if; ai;aeonf/ twefMumrS-

]]armifav; pOf;pm;Munfhprf;? rdef;ruom a,musfm;trsm;tjym; ,lxm;&if b,f

taMumif;aMumifh,l,l b,favmuf &IwfcsMur,fvkdU? trsm;tjym; rajymeJU? ESpfa,muf

,lxm;&ifawmif wHawG;cGuf yufvufarsmrSmyJ}}

þtcsufrSm uRefawmfwkdUESpfOD;ESifh vkH;0ywfoufaeonf/ OD;xGef;0if;ESifh rjrrSD aouJG

aomfvnf;aumif;? &SifuJGaomfvnf;aumif; ruJGbJESifh uRefawmfwkdU txift&Sm;

vifr,m; rjzpfEdkif/ vltrsm;vufcHxm;aom xkH;pHESifh qefUusifaeayvdrhfrnf/ vltrsm;

vufcHxm;aom ,if;xkH;pHonfyifvQif a,musmf;wpfOD;u rdef;rESpfa,mufru ,lonfudk

oufoufnSmnSm cGifhjyKaeayonf/ rjrrSDESifhuRefawmf ajAmifvifr,m;jzpfjcif;udk rajymESifh?

ckvdk wdwfwdwfykef; nm;aeonfudk vltrsm;odvQif rnfrQuJU&JUMuayvdrfhrnfenf;/

tvG,fwulyif uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,muftm; urÇmay:wGif t,kwfrmqkH;aom olESpfOD;

- 95 -

odef;azNrifh

tjzpfjzifh &IwfcsMuayvdrhfrnf/ rjrrSD bmhaMumifh azmufjyef&onf? uRefawmf bmhaMumifh

usL;vGefrdonf[laom taMumif;rsm;udk oufoufnSmnSm rnfolrQ pOf;pm;rnf r[kwf

acs/

rjrrSD\rsufESmudk jrLqdkif;aomva&mif zkH;vsuf&Sdonf/ uRefawmfonf rjrrSDtay:wGif

,cifu wpfBudrfwpfcgrS oem;pdwf raygufzl;acs/ ,ckrl &ifxJu zkdvIdufvmatmif

oem;vm\/

rjrrSDonf xkdif&mrSxoGm;NyD; tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifavonf/ ta0;rS qdkif;oH? tdk;pnfoH?

armif;oH wnHnHudk oJUoJUMum;ae&onf/ vufqGJ"mwfrD;rS avw[l;[l;toHum;

us,favmifvS\/ odkUaomf uRefawmfhtonf;ESvkH; ckwfarmif;oHu ydkus,favmifonf[k

xifrSwf&ayonf/ þvkdtcsdeftcgrsKd;wGif wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf ,k,ydkufaxG;í

ESpfodrfhap&efom awG;awmwwfawmhonf/

tawmfMum wpfa,mufwnf; xkdifae&pfNyD;aemuf uRefawmfonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvkduf

oGm;\/ tcef;wGif;rSm "mwfrD;a&mif wkduf&dkufr0ifaomfvnf; rarSmifacs/ rjrrSDonf

ckwifay:rSm jcifaxmifcsNyD; wapmif;vSJae\/ uRefawmf b,favmufyif ajcazmheif;

apumrl uRefawmf olUtem;uyfvmNyDudk rjrrSD od\/ jcifaxmifudkrí olrab;rSm

wifyg;vTJxkdifvkdufonf qkdvQifyif rjrrSDonf xdkifvdkuf\/

]]armifav; rvmcJUeJUuG,f vlawGodukefr,f}}

uRefawmfu bmrQrajymao;bJ olrtm; wif;usyfpGm ayGUydkufxm;vdkufonf/ NyD;awmh

yg;csif;tyfxm;onf/

]]armifav; qifjcifygOD;uG,f? atmufu wpfa,mufa,muf wufvmrSjzifh}}

]]ckeifu rrrsufESmrJUaewm rsuf&nfusvmwm jrif&awmh uRefawmfhtonf;ESvkH;

uJGawmhr,fvdkyJ/ rr 'DvdkrrJU&atmif rsuf&nfrus&atmif OD;xGef;0if;eJU uGm&Sif;NyD;

uRefawmfeJU twdtvif; vifr,m;tjzpf aeMupdkU&JUvm;}}

- 96 -


rjrrSDum; bmrQrajymEdkif? ai;armíom aeavonf/ uRefawmfonf yg;csif;tyfum

ayGUydkufxm;aom rjrrSD\acgif;udk vufarmif;ay:odkU wifvkdufNyD; rsufESmudk aphaph

Munhfvkdufonf/

]]aemf rr? twdtvif; aeMupdkUaemf}}

rjrrSDonf uRefawmfhtm; rsufpdoi,fESifh armhMunhfaeavonf/ rNyKH;aomfvnf; rrJU?

rMunfaomfvnf; r&Da0/ uRefawmfh tcspf toem;ESifh uRefawmfhpum;rsm;0,f wpdrfpdrfh

0ifpm;aeaom rsufESmaywnf;/

uRefawmfum; ayGUydkuf&kH? rsufESmwpdrfhpdrhfMunfh&kHjzifh tm;r&awmhay/ tBudrfBudrf erf;&Iyf

NyD;aemuf wGJvJcsxm;aom uRefawmfhajcaxmufrsm;udk ckwifay:odkU wifvkdufavonf/

rjrrSDonf jAKef;ceJ &kef;xGufNyD; ckwifatmufodkU olUajcrsm;udk csvkdufonf/

]]vlawGodoGm;&if cufukefvdrhfr,f armifav;? rrudk wu,fcspf&if taetxkdif qifjcif

ygOD;uG,f? ckae atmufurdef;rBuD; wufrvmbl;vdkU rqkdEdkifbl;? x tjyifoGm;r,f}}

rjrrSDonf rwfwwf&yfvkdufNyD; jcifaxmifudk ray;avonf/

uRefawmfum; &Sufovdkvdk jzpfoGm;\/ rcsifhr&JjzpfaeNyD; bmvkyf&rSef; rodacs/

]]rrudk wu,fcspfuJUvm;}}

]]cspfvkdU twdtvif;aeEdkifatmif vkyfzkdU ajymwmaygh}}

]]wu,fcspf&if x vm}}

uRefawmfhrSm jcifaxmifjyifxGuf? ckwifay:rS qif;&kHrSwpfyg; tjcm;vkyfp&m r&Sdawmhay/

]]tJ'DvdkrSaygh? rrudkcspf&if taetxdkif qifjcif&r,faemf? vm tjyifxGuf&atmif}}

- 97 -

odef;azNrifh

uRefawmfonf tdyfaiGUcscH&aomolyrm rjrrSDaemufu vdkufaeNyDjzpfaomfvnf; pum;jzihf

um; ,ufuefuef vkyfaeao;onf/

]]uRefawmfajymovkd twdtvif;aezkdU oabmrwlbl; wlw,f tajzay;&r,f}}

]]aemufawmh armifav;eJUrr ESpfacgif;twl at;at;vllvl pOf;pm;NyD; ajzrSmaygh}}

uRefawmfwkdUonf tcef;wHcg;0 wkduf&dkuf "mwfrD;a&mifus&modkU a&mufvmavNyD/

]]'DtawmtwGif;rSm rr[m rsufESmrndK;&bl;aemf? rsuf&nfrus&bl; 'gyJ}}

]]tNrJwrf; NyKH;aeyghr,f armif&,f uJ}}

rjrrDSonf uav;i,ftm; jrL[efrsKd;jzifh NyKH;jyavonf/

tcef;jyifwGif xdkifMujyefonf/ cPMumaomf rjrrSDonf atmufqif;oGm;avonf/

uRefawmf &aohpdwfajzoabmjzifh teD;wGifawGUaom bk&m;&Sdcdk;pmtkyfwpftkyfudk zwfae

avonf/ rjrrSDonf uRefawmfwkdUudpöudk rodef;oddef;ESifh rcsKdwkdUrSwpfyg; rnfolrQ r&dyfrd

atmif vkHNcKHpGm zkH;zdxm;&ef BudK;pm;rnfrSm aocsmayonf/

em&D0ufrQMumawmhrS rjrrSDonf vufzuf&nfMurf;vifyef;udk ,lí wufvmavonf/

aemufrS a':apmokjrwfonf wkdU[l;aMumfESifh rufref;oD;,dkrsm;udk ,lvmavonf/

onfvdkESifh "mwfrD;tvif;atmuf0,f pm;&if;aomuf&if; pum;pjrnfajym&if; odef;odef;

wkdU jyefvmonftxd xdkifapmifhaeMuavonf/

rjrrSDtzdkU taetxdkifqifjcif&ef vG,fulonf/ uRefawmfhxuf toufvnf; BuD;onf?

0gvnf; &ifhonf/ vifwpfa,muf &zl;NyD;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfhtzdkU taetxdkifqifjcif&ef

rvG,fulvSyg/ uRefawmfum; touftm;jzifh 20ausmf tpdwfwGif;jzpfí i,fvSonf[k

rqdkomaomfvnf; 0g&ifholr[kwfay/ tcsKdUvli,frsm;t&G,fqdkvQif rdef;rom;ESifh

vufawGUudk,fawGU jzpfMuavonf/ uRefawmfuawmh rjrrSDESifhrawGUcifu tjcm;

rdef;rwpfOD;udk zuf,rf;erf;&Iyfjcif;yif rawGUBuKHzl;cJUyg/ 0ifeDazac: cifodef;0if;tm;

cspfawmhrvkd BudKufawmhrvdk jzpfcJU\/ olr\ aygif'geHU? a&arT;eHU? EIwfcrf;qdkaq;eHU

- 98 -


xufydkí reD;pyfcJUay/ rjrifhOD;ESifh oli,fcsif;ru orD;&nfpm;rus qufqHvsuf oGm;twl

vmtwl &if;ESdD;pGmqufqH&if; taiGUESifh cspf&jcif;xuf rydkay/ rcifopfESifh twdtvif;

cspfMuonf/ odkU&mwGif vlBuD;rsm;rsufarSmufrSm BuD;Muyfjcif;cHvsuf cspf&onf/

rjrrSDESifhrlum; vlrjrifuG,f&mrSm t&if;ESD;qkH;cspf&NyD; vljrif&mü tpfrESifh armifuav;

vkdom [efaqmifae&onf/ wjznf;jznf; usifhom;&oGm;vQifum; vlrjrif&mrSm

wpfrsKd;cspfNyD;vQif vljrif&mrSm wpfrsKd;cspf&ef uwÅm;jcm;í vG,fulaumif; vG,fulayrnf?

,ckawmh rvG,fulyg/ taetxdkif qifjcifNcdK;NcH&avav yl;uyf&if;ESD;vdkaom qEú

jyif;xefav jzpfayonf/ anmifa&TrSmaeoa&GU rjrrSDu onfpnf;urf;udk ravsmh/ tmom

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- 99 -

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- 100 -


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- 107 -

odef;azNrifh

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awGuvnf; rukefEdkif/

- 108 -


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- 109 -

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- 110 -


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- 111 -

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- 112 -


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&SdMuonf/

- 113 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 115 -

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- 116 -


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- 117 -

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- 118 -


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- 120 -


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- 123 -

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- 124 -


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- 125 -

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- 126 -


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- 127 -

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- 128 -


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- 130 -


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- 131 -

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- 132 -


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tif;vsm;uefay:wGif nOfhiSufrsm;onf atmfjrnfysHoef;um aeMuavNyD/ bJGUESif;obif

taqmufttkHBuD;onf arSmif&D&DwGif xkxnfBuD;rm; cHUnm;pGmESifh ay:vGifaeonf/

avSum;0 tkwfwdkifESpfwkdifwGif wifíxGef;xm;aom a<ujzLrD;vkH;BuD; ESpfvkH;rSwpfyg;

tm;vkH;aomrD;rsm;udk Nidrf;xm;onf/ ,k'oefaumvdyf qif0ifatmufrSmvnf; a<ujzL

rD;vkH;BuD;wpfvkH; vif;aeao;onf/

avjynfuav; aqmfaoG;vsuf&Sd\/

uRefawmfonf udkxGef;&Sdef? udkat;aiGkwkdUESifhtwl bJGUESif;obif taqmufttkHa&SUrS

jzwfNyD; jynfvrf;bufodkU avQmufvmcJU\/

udkxGef;&Sdefonf aq;ayghvdyfwpfvdyfudk rD;nSdNyD;aemuf-

]]'DaeUn b,frSmtdyfMurSmvJ}}

udkat;aiG-

]]BuKH&myJAsm}}

uRefawmf-

]]uRefawmfuawmh bwfpfum;&ao;&if NrdKUxJ jyeftdyfr,fvdkU}}

udkxGef;&Sdef-

- 141 -

odef;azNrifh

]]bwfpfum;&r,f rxifbl;}}

udkat;aiG-

]],leD,H 0iftdyfMuygpdkUAsm}}

uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,mufpvkH; olUtBuHudk oabmwlMuonf/

udkxGef;&Sdef-

]]tif;vsm;uefay: avQmufMuOD;pdkUAsm}}

udkat;aiG-

]]nOfheufNyDAsm}}

uRefawmf-

]]nOfheufvnf; bmjzpfvJAsm? oef;acgifqkd&if ydkawmifaumif;OD;r,f/ ckESpfpOfMu,fajymif

tNrD;axmifwmudk aumif;uifrSm jrifEdkifr,f? oef;acgif,H avjynfaoG;awmh at;wm

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vnfNyD; pma&;cJUwm vlBudKufrsm;oGm;w,f r[kwfvm;}}

udkxGef;&Sdef-

]]vmAsm udkat;aiG? b,folrS vrf;ravQmufwJUtcsdef avQmuf&wm t&omwpfrsKd;aygh/

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vkyf&kHeJU rpm;avmuf&if pma&;NyD; jznfhEdkifw,f}}

uRefawmfwkdUonf tif;vsm;uefaygif&dk;qDodkU vmcJUMuonf/ aumif;uifrSm Munfvif

ojzifh Mu,fwm&m pkHvifvSayonf/ Mu,fa&mifawGu awmfawmfvufonf/ a&rsufESm

jyifrS jyef[yfaom tvif;u awmfawmftm;&Sdonf/

- 142 -


udkat;aiG-

]]udkwifxGef; pma&;csif&ifawmh ajcmufrdkifcGJa&mufatmifoGm;As? armfawmfum;eJU vmMuwJU

twGJawGudk awGUaumif; awGU&OD;r,f}}

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]]aeygapAsm? vlrsm;rodapcsifvkdU olwkdUbmom 'Dta&mufvmNyD; wGJMuwm? uRefawmfwkdU

u vlodewfMum;jzpfatmif pmra&;MuygpdkUeJU? 'gxuf uRefawmf owif;pmwdkufu

tvkyfxGufawmhr,f}}

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]]bmaMumifhvJAs}}

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jynfxJa&;usawmh odyfqkd;w,f? uRefawmfwkdUowif;pmu wkdUArmtpnf;t&kH;udk

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]]cifAsm;r&Sdvnf; 'Dowif;pm 'gawGa&;aerSmyJ r[kwfvm;}}

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&Sdwm r&SdwmeJUawmh rqdkifygbl;}}

udkxGef;&Sdef-

- 143 -

odef;azNrifh

]]'gjzifh xGufzdkUrxGufzkdUrSm 'D[m xnfhrpOf;pm;eJU/ ynmqufoifzkdUaum pdwful;ao;

ovm;? bmoifcsifwmwkH; udk,fhvl&JU}}

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]]rjrifhOD;&JU nTefMum;csuft& pdwful;wm r[kwfvm;}}

uRefawmfu oJUoJU&,fvkdufonf/

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]]tckaum nTefMum;csufu wnfwkef;yJvm;}}

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]]'gjzifh tvkyfxGufzkdU rxGufzdkUrSm ynmqufoifa&;qdkwm xnfhrwGufeJUawmh udk,fhvl/

EdkifiHa&;wm0efxrf;zdkUuawmh 'Dvkd&Sdw,f? aemif cifAsm;udkay;r,fhwm0ef[m tvkyfwpfckck

vljrifoljrifcHNyD; vkyfaerSjzpfr,f/ ck owif;pmq&m vkyfaew,fqkdygawmh? ykvdyfu

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raysmfvdkU xGufawmifrS tvkyfwpfckckawmh vkyf&vdrfhr,f}}

Mu,fa&mifESifh a&a&mifjyeftvif;wGif uefaygif&dk;vrf;uav;rSm xif;ae\/ ajrmufav&l;

uav; xvmonf/

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]]ckESpf aqmif;uvnf; rcsrf;bl;aemf}}

- 144 -


uRefawmf-

]]&efukefaqmif;uawmh 'Dvkdvdkcsnf;ygyJ? c&pörwftwGif;avmufrSmawmh csrf;aumif;yg&JU/

awmifBuD;uavmrSmawmh tawmfcsrf;aea&mhr,f}}

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uRefawmfajymonfudk trIrJUtrSwfrJU xm;vkdufMuonf/

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]]tJ tvkyfvkyfwm twltwl 'D vufaxmuft,f'Dwmtvkyfxuf 0ifaiGydkaumif;wJU

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taztar vkyfauR;Edkifr,f? uRefawmfwkdUudkvnf; axmufyHUEdkifr,f}}

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tvkyfwpfckudk ajy;owd&avonf/

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xdktcdkuf ZD;uGufESpfaumif atmfjrnfNyD; a&SUaemuf ysHajy;Muavonf/

udkat;aiG-

]][m vmbfaumif;w,fAsKdU udkwifxGef;? tJ'Dtvkyf[m vmbfaumif;r,f? vkyfjzpfatmif

vkyf}}

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]]aiG&if;u rvG,faybl;}}

- 145 -

odef;azNrifh

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]]cifAsm; tpfrawmfqkdwmu xkwfay;rSmvm;}}

]]b,folqkdwm rajymyg&apeJUOD;Asm? t&if;awmh &rSmygyJ}}

udkxGef;&Sdef-

]]csifhcsdefMunfhav? t&if;vnf;&r,f? cifAsm;uvnf; vkyfEdkifr,f? owif;pmrSm vkyfaewm

xufvnf; tcsdefydkrukefbl;? csKyfcs,frI r&Sdbl;qkd&if vkyfaygh udk,fhvl}}

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oefU&Sif;pGm jyefvnfaeEdkifMuOD;rnfavm/ uRefawmfonf aemufrqkwfwrf; Mumorm;

tjzpfjzifh aeawmhrnfavm/ þtjypfonf uRefawmfhaemufrS t&dyfozG,f vkdufygae\/

ta&;&SdvQif þtjypfonf uGufceJay:vmNyD; uRefawmfhpdwfudk npfnL;ap\/ uRefawmfh

&ifudk ydap\/

uRefawmfwkdUonf t*Fvdyfqif;&Jom;awGtwGuf þppfBuD;onf bmrQ tusKd;r&SdykH?

t*Fvdyf"e&SifrSmom tjrwftrsm;qkH;xGufNyD; Zdrftrsm;qkH;,lEdkifaom tifydkif,mBuD;udk

umuG,f&ef ppfBuD; ta&;BuD;ykH? t*Fvdyf"e&SifESifh rif;pdk;&mZmrsm;onf va&mifaysmfyGJpm;

xGuf&if; ppfBuD;wkdufcsifykHrsm;udk ajymMu&if; tif;vsm;uefaygif&dk;rS qif;cJUMuonf/

4if;aemuf t"dywdvrf;twdkif; avQmufNyD; jyefvmMuonf/

udkxGef;&SdefESifh udkat;aiGwdkUonfvnf; pum;rajymbJ avQmufvmMuonf/ cPMumawmh

a&xJodkU wpfpkHwpf&m jzef;ceJ ypfcsoHwpfckudk Mum;Muavonf/ toHvm&mbufodkU

vSrf;MunfhvdkufMuaomtcg a,musmf;wpfa,mufESifh rdef;rwpfa,mufonf urf;pyfrS

- 146 -


aeNyD; ,ufcsfac: &GufavSuav;wpfckay:odkU uokwfu,uf wufoGm;Muonfudk jrifMu

&avonf/ uRefawmfwkdUonf apmapmu &GufavSuav;udk rjrifMu&/ rIef&D&Dtvif;wGif

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aeMu\/ 4if;wkdUESpfOD;uvnf; ,ckvdk oef;acgifausmftcsdefwGif vr;favQmufolESifh wkd;rd

&ef pOf;pm;yif pOf;pm;rdcJUrnf r[kwfacs/

a,musmf;onf wpfzufu &GufavSudk udkifxm;NyD; tjcm;wpfzufjzifh wpfpkHwpf&m a&xJrS

q,f,lí avSay:odkUwifaeavonf/ uRefawmfwdkUMum;vkduf&aom toHrSm xdkt&mudk

avSay:ypfwifvkduf&m rawmfwq a&xJusoGm;aomtoH jzpf[ef&Sdonf/ rdef;ronf

avSay:wufrdonfESifh csufcsif;xdkifcsvkdufonf/ *g0efwkdwdk0wfxm;onf[k xif&\/

a,musmf;rSmum; abmif;bDwkdESifh jzpfonf/

olwkdUonf cyfjrefjrefwufNyD; cyfjrefjref avSmfxGufoGm;MuayNyD/ uRefawmfwkdUtm;

wdrf;a&SmifMujcif;yif jzpf\/

udkat;aiG-

]]awGU awGUwwfyavaemf}}

uRefawmf-

]]bkwfuvyfrSm a,musmf;ESifhrdef;r Moon-Light Picnic (va&mifaysmfyGJpm;) xGufwJU

tavh &Sdw,fAs? ck[muawmh Mu,fa&mifaysmfyGJpm; Star-Light Picnic xGufwm

xifyg&JU}}

udkat;aiG-

]]ckd;pm;wm vlrdwm emw,fqkdwm 'grsKd;xifyghAsm}}

udkxGef;&Sdef-

]]Munfh&wm AdkvfxD;eJUAdkvfr xifw,fAs}}

- 147 -

odef;azNrifh

uRefawmf-

]]ArmrawG ArmxD;awG 'Davmufrujrif;ao;bl;vdkU atmufarh&wmyJAs}}

udkat;aiG-

]]AdkvfxD;eJUArmr jzpfae&ifaumAsm}}

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]]rdef;ru *g0ef0wfxm;w,f xifw,fAs? NyD;awmh qHyifuvnf; abmhbf[J,m;eJU

wlygw,f}}

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]]t*FvdyfawGeJU wlwmygyJ/ Oa&myrSm qif;&Jom; ppfom;uav;awGu aoG;acR;&if;ESD;NyD;

wkdufaeMuw,f? aoolao ausolausyJ/ 'DrSm&SdwJU t*Fvdyf"e&SifeJU rif;pdk;&mZmawGu

Mu,fa&mifaysmfyGJpm; xGufaumif;aeMuw,f}}

tif;0vrf;ESifh t"dywdvrf;axmifh&Sd wdkuftdrfrSvGJí tjcm;tdrfrsm;onf rD;rsm;yif ydwfukef

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xdktdrfwGif; "mwfrD;tvif;a&mifonf ab;odkU jzmxGufaeavonf/ a&'D,dkaw;*DwoH?

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udkrsm; upm;aeMuoavm rajymwwfawmhacs/ t*FvdyfwkdUonf uRefawmfwkdUtay:wGif

armufrmoavmuf? aoG;BuD;arG;BuD;vkyfoavmuf olwdkUtcsif;csif;um; £ajEérJU t&SufrJU

onf? ujrif;aMumxMuonfudk awGU&jyefavNyD/ y&dkzufqmr*¾pf\ rdwfaqGrsm;onf

- 148 -


rsm;aomtm;jzifh wuúodkvfq&mrsm;om jzpfayvdrhfrnf/ odkUaomf uRefawmfwkdUonf

y&dkzufqmr*¾pfESifhwuGaom rsufESmjzLq&mrsm;udk q&mtjzpfjzifh rjrifEkdifMu? uRefawmf

wkdUtm; xm0pOf uRefvkyfxm;csifaom t*FvdyfvlvnfBuD;rsm; tjzpfjzifhyif jrifMuonf/

rsufESmjzLq&mrsm;\ ynmt&nftcsif;udk txifrBuD;Mu/ t&nftcsif; wu,f&SdvQif

olwkdUEdkifiHrSm olwkdUaeNyD; olwdkUvli,frsm;tm; ynmoifay;aeMuvdrfhrnf xifonf/

uRefawmfwkdUqDodkU vmjcif;rSm uRefawmfwkdUvli,frsm;tm; ynmay;&efr[kwf? 0ifaiG

aumif;&&efESifh tcsdefra&G;ZdrfcH&ef vmMujcif;jzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifhvnf; ocifausmif;om;

tcsKdUu rsufESmjzLq&mtcsKdUudk acsmif;&dkuf&efyif BuHpnfcJUrdjcif; jzpfavonf/

uRefawmf-

]]tJ'Dvdk acsmif;&dkufzdkU BuHpnf&mrSm acgif;aqmifwm b,folvJAs? uRefawmf rodvdkufbl;}}

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wdkvdrdkvD udkxGef;wif[k ac:Mu\/

- 149 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 150 -


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- 151 -

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- 152 -


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- 154 -


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- 156 -


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- 164 -


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- 169 -

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- 170 -


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- 174 -


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- 175 -

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- 179 -

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- 181 -

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- 182 -


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- 186 -


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onf/ NyD;aemuf-

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oGm;avonf/

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- 187 -

odef;azNrifh

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]]cifAsm; 'DaeUn tpnf;ta0;vdkufcJU&r,f}}

- 188 -


]]bmtpnf;ta0;vJ}}

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ao;ygAsm}}

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- 189 -

odef;azNrifh

uRefawmfwkdUonf a&ausmfvrf;xdyf0ü vefcsm;pD;Muavonf/ armif*dkrm&Dvrf; (AdkvfcsKyf

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- 190 -


uRefawmfhrSm ajz&ef 0efav;aeonf/

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pum;pOfudk qufjyefavonf/ wkdufqdkifvGef;onfrSm tHUMop&m yifjzpf\/

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- 191 -

odef;azNrifh

tvkyf&r,f r&bl;? b,fu&r,fqkdwmawGvnf; pkHprf;&r,fwJU/ [mAsm cdkif;vdkufwm

pkHaewmyJ}}

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&Sdavonf/

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avmu A[kokw&atmif vkyfay;&OD;r,f}}

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- 192 -


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a&vdkufaq;aeavonf/

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aemuf 0if;NcHESifh tdrfwpftdrfodkU qdkufa&mufMuavonf/

tdrfay:odkU a&mufaomtcg vli,f 15a,muf pkrdaeESifhNyDjzpfaMumif; awGU&onf/

uRefawmfESifhodolrSm aygif;rS ig;a,mufom ygavonf/ olwkdUu NyKH;íEIwfqufonf/

- 193 -

odef;azNrifh

uRefawmfuvnf; NyKH;íom wkUHjyefavonf/ tcsif;csif; emrnfac:raeMuawmhay/

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- 194 -


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- 208 -


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- 209 -

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- 210 -


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- 212 -


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- 213 -

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- 217 -

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- 220 -


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- 221 -

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cspfae\/ vlcsif;awGUaomfvnf; vufzsm;ESifhyif rxd/ udk,fxdvufa&muf usL;vGef&ef

um; pdwful;xJrSmyif rxnfhzl;acs/

odkUaomf rcifopftay:rSm xm;tyfaom uRefawmfhtcspfonf uRefawmfhrsufpdxJrS

jzmxGufae[ef &Sdonf/ uRefawmfhtonf;xJrSm ysHUvGifhae[ef&Sdonf/ uRefawmfh trlt&m

tm;vkH;udk MoZmay;ae[ef &Sdavonf/ rcifopfu uRefawmfhtay:rSm xm;tyfaom

tcspfonfvnf; xdkenf;twdkif;yif jzpfae[efwlavonf/

xkdUaMumifh rcifopfESifh rawGUcif uRefawmfhpdwfudkuRefawmf EdkifzkdUvkdavonf/ ckawmh

rcifopftay:wGif xm;tyfaom tcspfu uRefawmfhpdwfudk csKyfudkifvTrf;rdk;aeonf/

rcifopfudk rcspfawmhygbl;[k pdwfudkwkH;wkH;csEdkif&ef OmPf&SdorQxkwfNyD; taMumif;qifjcif

&SmazGonf/ bmoma&;jzifh vSnfhpOf;pm;onf/ w&m;jzifh qifjcifonf/ EdkifiHa&; qifjcif

zefwD;Munfhonf/

NyD;awmh pmwpfapmif aumufa&;onf/ a&;xm;aompmudk jyefzwfNyD; qkwfypfvdkufonf/

aemufxyf pmwpfapmif a&;pDjyefavonf/

opfopf

vlUavmurSm zkdrwdkU&JU tcspfaESmifBudK;[m w,fNyD; &IyfaxG;w,f?

vQKdU0Sufw,f? axGjym;w,f? cdkifvnf; cdkifrmvSygayw,f/

'ghaMumifhvnf; a0ae,sowÅ0gtaygif;&JU tusKd;udk uRwfuRwfvGwf

vGwf aqmif&GufvdkwJU bk&m;tavmif;rsm;ESifh &[EÅm tavmif;awmf

awG[m tcspfaESmifBudK;udk jzwfawmufjcif;qdkwJU pGefUjcif;BuD;rsm;udk

jyKawmfrlMu&wmyJ}}

- 230 -


cktcsdef[m jrefrmjynfeJU jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;twGuf rsKd;cspfyk*¾dKvfwdkif;

toufjzpfap? pnf;prfOpömjzpfap? tcspfjzpfap? pGefUjcif;BuD;rsm; pGefUNyD;

aqmif&Guf&r,fhtcsdef jzpfw,f/

opfopf[m rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfxufoefNyD; EdkifiHa&;todOmPf &SdolwpfOD;

rdkU tJ'Dtcsufudk vkH;0em;vnfNyD;jzpfr,fvdkU udkudk,kHMunfw,f/

udkudk[m EdkifiHa&;udk vGwfvGwfvyfvyfBuD; aemufqHriifbJ vkyfEdkif

atmif opfopf&JU cGifhjyKcsuft& pGefUjcif;BuD;wpfck vkyfcsifygw,f/

opfopftay:rSm xm;tyfwJU udkudkUtcspfudk &yfqdkif;xm;zkdUygyJ/

&yfqdkif;xm;Mu&atmifaemf/

okdUayr,fh udkudku opfopfudk nDrav;t&if;vdk cspfaeyghr,f/

opfopfuvnf; tpfudkBuD;t&if;vdk oabmxm;ygaemf/

tpfudkBuD;

udk,fhpmudk,f tawmfoabmusaeonf/ pmyg w&m;oabmrsm;rSm jrifhjrwfvSonf/

EdkifiHa&; taMumif;jycsufrsm;rSmvnf; ,kwÅd&SdvSay&m uRefawmfudk,fwdkifyif tcdkiftrm

,kHMunfvmonf/ wu,fhrsKd;cspfBuD; wifxGef;ygwum;/ pGefUjcif;BuD; pGefUEdkifaom

tmZmenf wifxGef;ygwum;/

uRefawmfonf a&mifpkHcJwHwpfbl;udk 0,fNyD; cJwHrsm;atmufrSm txufygpmudk acgufNyD;

xnfhxm;vdkuf\/

rcifopfwkdUtdrfodkU a&mufaomtcg a':a&Topftm; atmufxyfrSmyif aq;ykvif; wHqdyf

uyfae&if; awGU&avonf/ a':a&Topf\ rsufESmrSm romr,mjzpfaeaomaMumifh

xl;jcm;ae\/ onfhjyiftcgrsm;rSm a&Ta&T\rsufESmonf rma&ausma& Edkifwwfonf/

]]a&Ta&T aeaumif;&JUvm;}}

a':a&Topfu acsmif;[yfvkdufNyD;-

]]aeaumif;ygw,f}}

- 231 -

odef;azNrifh

a&Ta&T\ toHonfvnf; aysmhae\/

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]]a':a':wkdU&Sdw,f r[kwfvm;}}

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]]vmOD;? 'DrSm xkdifOD;}}

uRefawmfonf pdk;&drfpGmjzifh a&Ta&Txdkifaom uGyfyspfay:rSm xdkifvkdufonf/

]]rif; a':a':a&m? opfopfa&m r&SdMubl;}}

]]b,foGm;MuovJ a&Ta&T}}

a&Ta&Tonf ajym&rSm pdwfav;ae[efwlonf/ uRefawmfhpddk;&drfjcif;um; BuD;rm;vmonf/

]]b,fudkrsm; oGm;MuvdkUvJcifAsm}}

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]]b,fudkqif;oGm;wmvJ a&Ta&T}}

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uRefawmfum; tm;rvdktm;r& jzpfvmNyD; toHawGyif tufukef\/

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ausmuf0dkif;ygyJ/ vifr,m;pdwfqkd;&if oDv&Sifausmif; oGm;aewwfwmygyJ}}

- 232 -


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]]b,favmufMumNyDvJ}}

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]]q&mazu tJ'Dvdkapmifhaewm a&Ta&Tu b,fvkdvkyfodovJ}}

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'gu pum;ac:wmayghuG,f}}

]]bmaMumifh &efjzpfMuwmvJ a&Ta&T}}

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a':a&Topfonf rajymcsifygbl;[k pum;pNyD; a':a':ESifh q&mazwkdU &efjzpf&onfh tjzpf

oepfpkHudk tm;vkH;ukef ajymjyaeavonf/

- 233 -

odef;azNrifh

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awmhvnf; 'DtcsKd;yJ}}

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uRefawmf xifrdao;onf/

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a':a&Topfonf uRefawmfhtm; rsufapmif;wpfcsuf xdk;vdkufNyD;-

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wkdUausmif;u q&mrwpfa,mufu oDcsif;qkdw,f? armifa&Tazu ywÅvm;wD;w,f/ olwkdU

uvnf; cyfwJGwGJ? rnGefUuvnf; cyfonf;onf;rdkU rouFmjzpfvGef;w,f/ 'geJU &efjzpf

MuwmygyJ/ tdrfuxGufoGm;awmh vufaxmufq&muav;wpfa,mufu vdkufac:&w,f

uJGU}}

]]eD;wusufusuf a0;woufoufqkdwmxJu xifyg&JU a&Ta&T}}

- 234 -


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a&Ta&Tonf uRefawmfhtm; rsufapmif;wpfcsuf xkd;vdkufjyefavonf/

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xifwwfwmuav; wpfckyJ/ bmrS BuD;wJUtjypf r[kwfygbl;/ onfhjyifa,musmf;awG

onfhxufqkd;ao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh igu rnGefUudk ajymjyygw,f? onf;nnf;cHygvdkU/

pdwfoabmxm; BuD;ygvdkU/ rnGefUu ighudk armifhbufu a&SUaevkdufw,fvkdU ajymao;

w,f? ck aemufqkH; jzpfMuwmuawmh..}}

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aeavNyD/

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avonf/

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tawmfyif oyfoyf&yf&yfjzpfonf/ tjcm;Z&yfrsm;ESifh rwlaom tcsufwpfcsufrSm avESifh

tvif;a&mif rsm;rsm;0ifatmif pDrHxm;jcif; jzpfavonf/

tcsdefrSm aeUcif;jzpfí aeyljyif;aeavonf/ odkUaomf tv,fypö,H&Sd xkdZ&yfrSm at;&dyfom

jzpfae\/

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tjynfhygaom ausmif;oGm;vG,ftdwfudk ukvm;xdkifrSm csdwfqGJxm;avonf/

- 235 -

odef;azNrifh

ckwifwpfckay:wGif oDv&Sifwpfyg;onf usdef;pufvsuf&Sdav\/

rD;zdkbufwGif touf 50ausmf 60wGif;rSm &Sdrnfjzpfaom a,m*DrBuD;wpfa,mufonf

aqmifhaMumifhxdkifvsuf aq;vdyfzGmae\/

rcifopfonf pmrSmepfjrKyfaeojzifh uRefawmfhtm; rjrif/

]]opfopf}}

opfopfonf &kwfw&uf tHUtm;oifhaeonf/

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opfopfonf rwfwwf&yfvdkufonf/

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opfopfu olUukvm;xdkifudkay;onf/ okdUaomf uRefawmfonf oifjzL;ay:rSmom

xdkifvkdufonf/

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ckawmh opfopfrsufESmwGif tHUMojcif;xuf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf ay:vGifaeonf/

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]]aeaumif;Muygw,f}}

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]]tJ'DxJrSm pmygw,f}}

- 236 -


opfopfutNyKH;jzifh todtrSwfjyKvdkufavonf/ NyD;awmh-

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opfopfonf a&mifpkHcJwHbl;udk vG,ftdwfxJokdU xnfhavonf/

]]a':a':aum}}

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uRefawmfonf opfopfzwfaeaom pmtkyfudk ,lMunfhvkdufonf/ ZdewÅ yumoeD/

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avonf/ a,m*DrBuD;onf a&aEG;tkd;udk rD;xxdk;aeav\/

twefMumawmh a':a':qif;vmavonf/ 0if;vufaeaom a&SUoGm;BuD;rsm; ay:onfh

wdkifatmif NyKH;NyD; uRefawmfhtm; EIwfquf\/

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- 237 -

odef;azNrifh

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ay;&avonf/

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r,kHygbl;/ rif;q&m aeawmh aumif;&JUvm;}}

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- 238 -


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rMumrD aumfzDa&mufvmjyefavonf/

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pmrsm;udk uRefawmfhtm; ar;aeao;onf/

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rcifopftm;-

- 239 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 240 -


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- 241 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 242 -


62

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- 243 -

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- 245 -

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- 246 -


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- 249 -

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odef;azNrifh

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- 252 -


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onf uRefawmfhtm; oydwfarSmufjcif;? 0dkif;y,fjcif;udk t"dyÜm,faqmifaeavoavm/

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odef;azNrifh

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Mum;ae&avonf/

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- 254 -


63

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- 255 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 257 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 258 -


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- 259 -

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- 261 -

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- 262 -


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- 263 -

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- 266 -


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- 267 -

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- 272 -


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- 274 -


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- 275 -

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- 277 -

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- 278 -


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odef;azNrifh

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]]bmvkyfzdkUvJcifAsm}}

udkaexGef;onf ocifbaz\tar;udk rajzbJ uRefawmfhudk Munfhaeonf/ ocifbaztm;

t,kHoGif;vdkU jzpfygrnfavm[k ar;vdkonfhtMunfh jzpf[efwl\/

- 290 -


uRefawmf-

]]ajymomajymyg udkaexGef;/ ocifbaz[m uRefawmfholi,fcsif;t&if;vnf; jzpfw,f?

uRefawmfhESr&JU a,musmf;vnf; jzpfw,f? ocifvnf; ocifygyJ/ uRefawmfwkdU

vkyfief;twGuf pdwftcs&qkH; vlwpfa,mufjzpfw,f}}

ocifbazum; &Sufudk;&Sufuef;jzpfvmonf/ udkaexGef;onf ocifbaztm; ajcqkH;

acgif;qkH; aphaphpyfpyf tuJcwfNyD;Munhfum awGaeao;onf/

uRefawmf-

]]uRefawmfhudk,kHovdk ,kHEdkifygw,f? uRefawmfhudkr,kH&ifawmhvnf; rajymwwfbl;av}}

udkaexGef; vTwfceJ NyKH;vkdufavonf/

]]'DvdkAs ocifbaz? uRefawmfwdkU ArmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf vufeufudkifNyD; pGefUpGefU pm;pm;

vkyf&awmhr,fhtcsdef a&mufNyD/ tJ'Dvkyfief;ESifh yufowfNyD; tJ'Dawmudk oGm;Munfh

csifw,f}}

ocifbazonf ]pdefvkdufav} [k ajymawmhrnfhtvm; udk,f[efudk 0ifhjyvdkufavonf/

]]usKyfwkdUu awmom;ayr,fh onfudpörsKd;rSm tm;udk;&ygw,fAs/ uJ vkdufjy&r,fvm;}}

udkaexGef;u tm;wuf&Tifvef;pGmjzifh-

]]tm;udk;ygw,fAsm? b,fawmhoGm;MunfhMu&if aumif;rvJ}}

]]BudKufwJUtcg oGm;MunhfEdkifw,f/ usKyfwkdU 'DuaeNyD; qnfBuD;blwmudk &xm;pD;

oGm;&r,f? qnfBuD;r,f usKyfrdwfaqGawG &Sdw,f/ tJ'D rdwfaqGawGeJU r[mNrdKifudk

oGm;Munfhr,f}}

udkaexGef;-

- 291 -

odef;azNrifh

]]olwdkUu bmvkyfovJ}}

]]usKyfvdk awmom;awGayghAs}}

]]awmom;rSef;awmh odwmayghAs/ bmtvkyftudkif vkyfpm;ovJvdkU ar;wmyg}}

]]awmifolvkyfw,f? xef;wufw,f? xif;ckwfw,f? ysm;zGyfwJUtcg...}}

]]awmfygNyD awmfygNyD? uRefawmf em;vnfygNyD/ ocifbaz olwkdUudkaum ,kH&yghrvm;}}

]],kH&wmayghAs? tpdk;&udk "m;ESihfawmif x wdkuf&JwJUvlawG? odvm;/ t0Sm t0Sm AE¨uwkdU

ta&;awmfykHwkef;u...}}

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]]em;vnfygNyD em;vnfygNyD olwkdUowÅd ,kHygw,f/ olwkdUrsKd;cspfpdwfudkvnf; ,kHygw,f/

'gayrJU}}

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]]'gayrJU tcktajctaerSm uRefawmfwkdU bmvkyfzkdU awmxGufMunhfw,fqdkwm olwkdUudk

todray;bJxm;zdkU vdkw,f/ aemufawmhrS today;r,f [kwfvm;}}

ocifbaz-

]]tif; [kwfom;yJ? armifwif igwkdU reufjzef oGm;r,fa[h/ rif;tarudk wkdUwpfawG

qnfBuD;tvnfoGm;&if; ysm;aumufcJUr,fvkdU ajymuGm}}

uRefawmf-

]]a<u;uav;rsm;aum awmif;p&mr&Sdbl;vm;}}

]]rif;tarrS odrSmyJ}}

- 292 -


aemufwpfaeUeHeufwGif uRefawmfwkdUonf qnfBuD;odkU rD;&xm;pD;Muavonf/ qnfBuD;

blwmESifh wpfac:avmufom a0;aomae&mwGif &Gmwpf&Gm&Sd\/ tdrfajcig;q,fxuf

ausmf[efr&Sd/ trsm;tm;jzifh refusnf;yifrsm;atmufwGif ykaeaom xef;&GufwJuav;

rsm;om jzpf\/ ywfvnfwGif qD;ql;cufrsm;jzifh pnf;&dk;umxm;avonf/ &Gm\ab;wGif

xef;awmrsm; aygvS\/

]][m ocifbazBuD; vmoa[h}} [k olUrdwfaqGwpfa,mufu olUtm; qD;BudKEIwfquf&if;

&GmwGif aMunmvkdufav&m [dktdrfonftdrfrS xGufvmEIwfqufMuavonf/

]]a[mawmh OD;bazBuD; bmvmvkyfowkH;}}

]]a[h baz wdkUtdrf 0ifygOD;uG}}

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olwdkUonf ocifbaztm; 0rf;omt,fvJ EIwfqufNyD; uRefawmfwkdUtm; &Tef;&Tef;pm;pm;

BuD; MunfhaeMuonf/ olwkdUacgif;xJrSm ar;vdkjref;vdkwm wpfykHwpfacgif;BuD; &SdaeMu[ef

wlonf/ tcsKdUum; ocifbaz\ em;xJodkU uyfNyD; ar;cGef;awG oGif;Muonf/

ocifbazu cyfus,fus,f cyf<um;<um; toHjzifh-

]]&efukefu {nfhonfawG ygvmo[? rif;wkdU&Gm tvnfvmMuwm}}

xdktcg &Gmol&Gmom;wkdUonf &ifoyftHUMu jzpfukefMuavonf/

]]&efukefuvmw,f? a[mawmf}}

]][,f &efukefu qdkyguvm;}}

ocifbazu uRefawmfhrSm &efukefrSvmonfqdkaomfvnf; olU&Gmom;om jzpfaMumif;?

b,folb,f0g\ om;jzpfaMumif;? olUa,mufzjzpfaMumif; pojzifh &Sif;vif;jy&avonf/

- 293 -

odef;azNrifh

&Gmv,fvrf;rSm &THUAGufawG? EGm;acs;awG? ajymif;&dk;jywfawGESifh jynfhaeavonf/

ajcmufaoGUaom vrf;ab;rS uyfí avQmufMu&onf/

rdwfaqGwpfOD;tdrfodkU 0ifMu\/ t&dyfaumif;vSaom apmif;csrf;yifBuD;atmufwGif ckH&Snf

rsm;? xef;yvyfjym; yufvufukvm;xdkifrsm; [dktdrfonftdrfrS a&TU,lvmNyD; cif;Muonf/

uRefawmfwkdU xdkifrdaomtcg rnf;wlaeaom vufzuf&nfMurf;tdk;wpfckESifh twGif;buf

rSm vufzuf&nfacs;rsm;jzifh eDusifhaeaom vufzuf&nfMurf;tdk;yef;uefrsm; a&mufvm

avonf/ wpftdrfrS yJusm;avSmfwpfyef;uef ,lvmonf/ tjcm;wpftdrfrS ajryJoD;

awmifhrsm; ,lvmonf/ a,musmf;om;rsm;u uRefawmfwkdUESifh tmvmyov’my pum;

ajymaepOf rdef;rrsm;u rD;zdkacsmif 0ifMuavonf/

ocifbaz-

]]uReffawmfwkdUtwGuf bmrS axGaxGxl;xl; vkyfraeMueJUaemf}}

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oGm;Munhf&ef taMumif;jyaumif;oGm;atmif [efaqmifjyjcif;avm? wu,f 0goemygav

oavm/ uRefawmfudk,fwdkifyif cJGjcm;í rodEdkifacs/

vli,fwpfa,mufonf cyfokwfokwf 0ifvmonf/ ykqdk;wdkwkd0wfxm;NyD; tusÐryg/

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- 294 -


&S&mrsm; jynfhaeonf/ olonf uRefawmfwkdUpum;0dkif;rSm rxdkifbJ cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS

a,mifayayvkyfae\/

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uRefawmfwkdUaMumifh tm;wkHUtm;em jzpfae[efwlonf/ xkdUaMumifh udkaexGef;u-

]]vkyfyg? uRefawmfwkdUvnf; csKd;wnfatmif raomufayr,fh yifay:usawmh BudKufygw,f}}

tdrfh&Sif-

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xkdvli,f xGufoGm;avonf/

uRefawmf-

]]olu xef;wuform;aemf? yckH;rSmvnf; uRJyckH;xvkdU? &ifbwfrSmvnf; 'GwfwufaewmyJ}}

pum;onf xef;wuform;rsm;xHodkU a&mufoGm;avonf/ xef;wuform;rsm; qif;&J

yifyef;ykHrsm;/

tdrfh&SifrdwfaqG-

- 295 -

odef;azNrifh

]]xef;orm;rSm xef;ajimifhpl;vkdU vufaygufwmu ydkqdk;w,f/ reuftdyf&mux&if rsufESm

awmif opfvkdUr&bl;}}

yifay:usudk apmifhaepOf tdrfh&Sifonf pyg;ykwfxJwGif xdk;jrKyfxm;aom t&ufykvif;udk

qJGxkwfvmonf/ vufzuf&nfacs;rsm;jzifh eDMuifhaeaom vufzuf&nfMurf; yef;uef

rsm;wGif avmif;xnfhNyD; uRefawmfwkdUtm; cGufvSnfh\/ ocifbazESifh udkaexGef;wkdUum;

aomufwwfolrsm; jzpfMu\/ okdUaomf t&ufrSm rsm;pGmjyif;ojzifh rsufpdrSdwfNyD; armhcs

vdkufMu\/ NyD;aemuf twefMumatmifyif rsufESm&IHUaeMuonf/ uRefawmfuawmh

aomufwwfolr[kwfojzifh &GHUae\/ wpfusKdufESpfusKduf prf;Munfhvdkufaomtcg

tmacgifrD;avmifovm; atmufarh&onf/ a&SUrqufbJ t&ufcGufudk csxm;vdkuf

aomtcg tdrfh&Sifonf qD;oD;ajcmufrsm;udk ,lay;NyD;-

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&GmrSxGufvQifxGufcsif; ,mcif;rsm;udk jzwf&onf/

ajryJcif;rSm tpdrf;qkH;jzpfí aumfaZmpdrf;BuD; zdwfzdwfawmufovdk aeonf/ ESrf;cif;rsm;rSm

toD;tyGifh waxmifaxmif wvIyfvIyfjzifh yvTm;aysmfjrL;aeMuonf/ ajymif;cif;rsm;um;

jrif;ay:uvludkyif uG,fxm;Edkifavmufatmif jrifhNyD; ajcwpfvSrf; 0ifrdonfqdkvQifyif

vlvkH;aysmufEdkifonftxd pnfum;aeayonf/

,mawmwpfawmvQif xef;yiftkyfwpftkyfpD &Sdonf/ NcHpnf;&kd;rSmvnf; xef;yifrsm;

pdkufxm;Muonf/ aemufawmh uRefawmfwkdUonf xef;awmBuD;wpfckxJodkU 0ifMu&\/

xef;wuform;\ wJrsm;rS acG;awGu a[mifMuonf/

uRefawmfwkdUokH;a,muftjyif tdrfh&SifESifh tjcm;&Gmom;wpfOD; vkdufygvmcJUonf/ tdrfh&Sif

onf wlrD;aoewfwpfvufudk udkifaqmifvm\/ tjcm;&Gmom;xHwGifum; avmufav;

wpfck? olUykqkd;cg;ykHxJrSm avmufpmvkH;? olUcg;Mum;rSm "m;armufwpfvuf/ olwkdU

- 296 -


ESpfa,mufu a&SUaqmifí oGm;MuNyD; uRefawmfESifh udkaexGef;wdkUu aemufqkH;rS pum;

wajymajymESifh vdkufcJU Muonf/ ocifbazum; a&SUtpkESifh aemuftpkMum;rS/

xef;yiftcsKdUwGif avSum;axmifxm;onf/ wpfae&mwGif xef;orm;wpfOD;onf xef;oD;

cdkifESifh xef;vkH; wtkef;tkef;&dkufaeonfudk awGU&onf/ tjcm;wpfae&mwGif xef;yiftkdBuD;

wpfyif&Sd&m opfawmufiSufu wa'gufa'guf acgufaeonf/ xef;awmBuD; qkH;cgeD;odkU

a&mufaomtcg Muufwla&G;awG wpftkyfBuD; ysHoGm;onfudk jrifvkduf&\/

xef;awmrS xGufaomtcg oJjyifacsmif;wpfckodkU a&mufMuonf/ oJjyifacsmif;tvkduf

avQmufoGm;NyD;aemuf twefMumvQif acsmif;urf;ay:odkU wufMu&\/

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ravQmufEdkifojzifh olwkdUu apmifhaeMuonf/

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- 297 -

odef;azNrifh

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Mum;&avonf/

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Muavonf/

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vkdufae&onf/ vrf;puav;rsm;vnf; aysmufaysmufoGm;\/

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- 298 -


udkaexGef;rSm uRefawmfhxuf Avaumif;aomfvnf; uRefawmfhavmuf tarmrcHEdkifonfudk

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- 299 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 300 -


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- 304 -


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- 307 -

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- 310 -


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- 311 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 312 -


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- 313 -

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- 314 -


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odef;azNrifh

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- 317 -

odef;azNrifh

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ajymaeMuavonf/ /

- 318 -


66

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- 319 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 337 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 338 -


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- 339 -

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- 340 -


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- 341 -

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- 342 -


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- 343 -

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- 344 -


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- 345 -

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- 355 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 356 -


ocifwifarmifBuD;\ toHum; at;pufpufyifjzpf\/ trlt&mrSmvnf; at;pufpufyif

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- 357 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 358 -


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- 359 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 360 -


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- 361 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 362 -


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- 363 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 364 -


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- 365 -

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- 368 -


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- 376 -


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- 377 -

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- 378 -


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- 379 -

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- 381 -

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- 382 -


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- 383 -

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- 384 -


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tavmif;awG tavmif;awG/ ra&Edkif[k xifrdawmh\/

jrif;wpfaumifonf ajcav;zuf'l;axmufvsuf acgif;a&SUpdkufum aoaeavonf/ bm

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ay;\/ wpfa,mufurl AkH;uGJaomt&SdefaMumifh wkefvIyfoGm;NyD; tonf;ESvkH;a<uum

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awGudkvnf; awGU&ao;onf/

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jzpfayvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmf xifrdayonf/

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- 385 -

odef;azNrifh

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onfwum;/

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uRefawmfhajcvSrf;rsm;onf rjrifhOD;xHodkU OD;wnfaeMuav\/

- 386 -


rjrifhOD;/ wDbDa&m*gESifh ppfwdkufaeaom rjrifhOD;/ uRefawmfhtm; olr\ toufwnfae

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[dkopfyifonfopfyif t&dyfrsm;atmufwGif xdk;qdkufxm;Muavonf/

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vnf; a0aeavonf/

- 387 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 388 -


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- 389 -

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- 390 -


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- 391 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 392 -


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tcH&qkH; jzpf\/ ppfajy;'ku©wGifvnf; tBuD;qkH;cH&olrsm; jzpfavonf/

þodkU ajymif;vJaom ppfajy;&Icif;onf uRefawmfESifh xufMuyfvdkufygcJUavonf/ xkdrQ

ruao;? uRefawmf\ c&D;pOf qkH;aomfvnf; ppfajy;'ku©onfwdkU\ c&D;um; rqkH;ygacs/

uRefawmfonf uRefawmfh&GmodkU r0if? tjcm;wpfae&mrSaeNyD; oli,fcsif;a[mif; a,mufz

awmf ocifbaztm; ac:,lvkdufavonf/ &GmodkU uRefawmf0ifvQif vlawGodrnf/ ykvdyf

u aemufvkdufaernf/ xkdUaMumifh udk,fa,mifazsmufvdkuf&jcif; jzpfavonf/ ocifbaz

uRefawmfhxHodkU a&mufvmaomtcgvnf; olUtm; &kyfzsufcdkif;&avonf/ NyD;rS olESifh

uRefawmf qnfBuD;&GmodkU oGm;Muavonf/

qnfBuD;&Gmajrmufbuf&Sd &Gmuav;wGifrS cPomem;Muonf/ pnf;&kH;NyD;om;jzpfaom

&Gmom;rsm;xJrS pdwftcs&qkH; vlav;a,mufwkdUtm; ac:NyD; awmypfxGuf&ef[k owif;

vTifhvsuf awmxJodkU vmcJUMuavonf/

naeig;em&DomomavmufwGif udkaexGef;ESifhuRefawmfwdkU a&G;cs,fxm;cJUaom av,mOfysH

rS vufeufcsay;rnfh ae&modkU a&mufMuavonf/

awmBuD;tv,faumifrS uGufvyf/ xdkuGufvyfxJrSm acgif;wkH;ajymifaeaom awmifurl

uav;/

uRefawmfwkdUonf awmifurluav;ay:rSm &yfem;Muonf/

- 400 -


aevkH;BuD;onf taemufbuf awmwef;xdyfzsm;ESifh xdaeavNyD/ ajrmufbufu avat;

onf wokefokef wkdufcwfvmae\/

xef;wuform; uHxdkufonf xef;&nfykvif;ESifh t&ufykvif;rsm;udk vG,ftdwfESifh vG,fí

,lcJUavonf/ tkef;rIwfwpfvkH;wnf; ygvm\/ uRefawmfESifh ocifbazwkdUum; xef;&nf

udkom aomufMuavonf/ &Gmom;rsm;um; t&ufudk aomufMu\/

&Gmom;rsm;u uRefawmfhtm; ,cifwpfacgufu þae&modkU uRefawmfESifhygvmcJUaom

udkaexGef;taMumif;udk ar;Muavonf/ udkaexGef; ,ck b,fa&mufaeonfudk uRefawmf

udk,fwdkif rod/ odkUaomf rodaMumif;udk rajymbJ udpöwpfckESifh tjcm;wpfae&mokdU

oGm;aeaMumif; ajymjy&avonf/

aevkH;BuD;onf taemufawmwef;aemufuG,fodkU qif;oGm;avonf/ wdrfawmifwdrfwkduf

uif;pifaom aumif;uifonf jymae\/

uRefawmfu xdkif&mrSxNyD;-

]]uJ tvkyfpMuOD;pdkU}}

&Gmom;wpfOD;u-

]]bmvkyf&rSmvJ q&mav;&JU}}

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tjcm;&Gmom;wpfOD;-

]]'Dvdkvkyf&kHeJU aumif;uifay:u vufeufawG usvma&mvm;Asm}}

uRefawmfu oa&mfawmfawmfvkyfNyD; &,fvkdufonf/ NyD;awmhrS-

- 401 -

odef;azNrifh

]]'DvdkAs? 'Dem;wpf0dkufudk av,mOfysH vmvdrfhr,f? aeUvm&if tvHjzLav;ckudk jrifvdrfhr,f?

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wyftyfodNyD; av,mOfysHay:u vufeufawG csay;vdrfhr,f}}

yxr&Gmom;u rsm;pGm tHUMoae&mrS-

]]aMomf av,mOfysHvmrSmvm;? 'Dwpfcgawmh av,mOfysHudk jrifzl;&OD;awmhrSmyJaemf}}

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uRefawmf-

]][kwfw,f? rif;ajymwmrSefw,f? rD;zdk&r,f}}

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cg;awmif;usKdufolu usKdufaeMuonf/

yxr&Gmom;-

]]uJ ajym b,frSmzdk&rSmvJ}}

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'kwd,&Gmom;-

]]uJ ocifbazBuD;u tv,frD;zdkudk zdk? wkdUrsm; wpfa,mufwpfzkdpD av;ae&mrSm zdkr,f}}

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- 402 -


wwd,&Gmom;-

]][-ighrSm rD;jcpfrygbl;}}

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uRefawmf-

]]rD;zdkudkom tqifoihfvkyfxm;yg? uRefawmfu rD;jcpfvdkufay;rSmaygh}}

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avNyD/ ESif;awGvnf; a0vm\/ &moDOwkvnf; tawmfyif at;vmavNyD/

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cPMumaomtcg uRefawmfwdkUajcmufa,mufpvkH; tv,frD;zdkrSm pkrdMuavonf/ þ

rD;zdkrSm csKHuG,fxm;ojzifh txufrS rjrifEdkifyg/ txufrS rD;zdkav;zdkom jrif&rnf jzpf\/

rD;zkdrSm rD;vIH&if; ,ckyif av,mOfysHvmonfudk jrif&awmhrvdk aumif;uifodkU rMumcP

armhMunhfMuonf/ av,mOfysHoHudk em;pGifhMuonf/

av,mOfysHum; rvm/

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- 403 -

odef;azNrifh

yxr&Gmom;-

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ab;udk awG;yif rawG;rdcJUacs/

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pkrdMujyefaomtcg uHxdkufwGif a&Muufwpfaumif ygvmavonf/ acgif;rSm aMurGaeNyD;

vnfqHawGrSm aoG;awGvl;ae\/

ocifbaz-

]]a[h rif; b,fvdk&vmovJ}}

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wlaom eus,faumiftoHudkrQ rMum;&/

oef;acgifausmfavNyD? tdyfidkufvmMu\/

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tdyf&ykHudk MunfhygOD;? rD;zdkESifh cyfeD;eD;rSm tifzufBuD;rsm;udk cif;Muonf/ tifzufrsm;

ay:rSm vG,ftdwfrsm;udk acgif;tkH;NyD; vkHcsnfNcHKí tdyfMu&onf/ rD;zdkbuf rsufESmjyK

tdyfvQif ausmat;onf/ rD;zdkausmay;NyD;tdyfvQif a&SUu at;onf/

onfvdkESifh rdk;pifpifvif;avawmh\/

- 404 -


vufeufcsay;rnfh *syefav,mOfysHum; rvmacs/ uRefawmfhpdwfxJwGif oHo,0ifvm\/

wkdUtvkyfu [kwfrS[kwf&JUvm;/ odkUaomf &Gmom;rsm; oHo,0ifvmrnfudk pdk;&drfonf/

olwkdUu uRefawmfwdkUtvkyfudk txifao;oGm;rnfudkvnf; umuG,f&rnf/

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jywmudk MunfhNyD; vufeufcsay;r,f/ ck uRefawmfu ysmavmifcwfNyD; aeUcif; tcsuf

rjy&ao;bJeJU nrSm rD;tcsufjyrdw,f? 'ku©ygyJAsm rSm;oGm;w,f}}

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]]rif;[mu bkef;BuD;xdyfacgufNyD;rS uefawmhwmudk;uG}}

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uRefawmf-

]]uJAsm opfyifawGay:rSm tvHjzLxdk;MuOD;pkdU&JU}}

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r[kwf/ tyfcsnfBudK;yif rygcJU/

uRefawmfwkdUonf jzpfovdkyif tvHav;ck vkyfMu&avonf/ "m;rESifhyif ydwfpudk

jzwfMu&\/ ydwfpudkyif qkwfí BudK;vkyfMu&\/

t&yfav;rsufESmpl;pl;wGif&Sdaom opfyifBuD;rsm;ay:wGif tvHjzLxdk;Mu&avonf/

wpfaeUcif;vkH; awmxJrSm bmvkyfMurnfenf;/

&GmxJjyefvkduf? awm0ifvdkuf vkyfaejyefuvnf; vlawG rouFmp&m jzpfrnf/ tajctae

ysufrnf/

- 405 -

odef;azNrifh

trJvdkufxGufaeygonfqdkvQif &Gmtjyef om;aumifudk xrf;jyefEdkifrS jzpfrnf/

xdkUaMumifh awmxJrSm qufaeMu\/ opfyifBuD;rsm;atmufwGif tifzufwJi,f aqmufMu

\/ 0g;usnfawmufESifh xrif;csufpm;Mu\/ xrif;[if;csuf&ef qef? ig;yd? MuufoGef

ponfwkdUudk vdkvQif xef;awmwJrsm;odkU uHxdkuftm; oGm;NyD; ,lap&\/

aemufnwGifvnf; yxrnuuJUodkUyif rD;zdkí apmifhMujyefavonf/ vufeufcsay;rnfh

av,mOfysHum; rvm/ &Gmom;wdkUonf pdwfysufMu\/ olwkdUxufydkí ocifbazu

pdwfysuf\/ ocifbazudk uRefawmfu ZGJr&Sd[k tjypfwifavonf/

ocifbaz-

]]aemuf b,fESn apmifh&OD;rSmvJuG}}

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pum;udk vufokH;jyKaeavonf/

ocifbazonf aemufig;napmifh&r,f qdkaomtcg csLoHygatmif nnf;avonf/

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jyNyD; &GmcPjyefyg&ap[k ajymolu ajymaeavNyD/

uRefawmfu vufavQmhvdkuf&\/

- 406 -


]]uJ wpfnawmh xyfapmifhMuygOD;Asm? tm;vkH; okH;napmifhvdkUrS rvm&if &yfvdkufMu

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taysmhvdkU xm;&rSmyJAs}}

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ao;onf/ ocifbazu tpDtpOfawG vJGukefvdkU xifyg&JU[k xifaMu;ay;onf/

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awmhacs/

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arQmfvifhae&awmhonf/

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wyfrawmfBuD;udkom arQmfvifhapmifhpm; aeMuawmhonf/

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ocifbaztm; qnfBuD;&Gmom;ESpfa,mufu vdkufydkU&\/

uRefawmfum; pdwfysufysufESifh rEÅav;odkU wkduf&dkufvmcJUavonf/

- 407 -

odef;azNrifh

rEÅav;wGif txufArmjynftwGuf jynfolUta&;awmfykHygwD XmecGJ &Sdavonf/ q&m

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- 408 -


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]]tdk vmjyefNyD pdwfysufpum;? udk,fajymw,fr[kwfvm; &JabmfwifxGef;&JU? pdwfysufwm

[m enf;rSef r[kwfbl;vdkU}}

]]'gjzifh uRefawmfwdkU bmvkyfMu&rSmvJ}}

- 409 -

odef;azNrifh

]]tqdk;qkH;tajctaeupNyD; taumif;qkH;&SmNyD; vkyf&r,f/ ajy;ae&wJU t*Fvdyfudkvnf;

tqif; wGef;ay;&r,f/ olUudk wwfEdkifwJUenf;eJU wkdufNyD; &EdkifwJUae&mrSm udk,fwkdUu

tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudk csufcsif;,l&r,f/ 0ifvmwJU*syefudk ckcHwdkufzdkU jyifxm;&r,f/

*syefeJUygvmr,fh ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfudk tpGrf;ukef tm;ay;BudKqdkNyD;awmh wu,f

wkdUtm;udk;avmufwJU wyfjzpfatmif vkyf&r,f/ *syefudkjyefcsatmif EdkifiHa&;0g' oGwfoGif;

ay;&r,f? pnf;&kH;&r,f}}

]]'Dvkdqdkawmh ppfrsufESmESpfzuf zGifh&rSmayghaemf}}

]][kwfw,f? ESpfzufzGifh&rSmyJ/ odkUayr,fh ESpfzufpvkH;rSm wpfNydKifeufwnf; tjyif;txef

wdkufwm [kwfcsifrS [kwfr,f/ 'guawmh tajctaeay:rSm wnfw,f/ tqdk;tqkH;

tajctaexJrS taumif;qkH;xkwf,lNyD; tvkyfvkyfMu&rSmyJ}}

xdkuJUodkU aqG;aEG;aeMupOf ausmif;om;wpfa,mufu udkodef;aztm; ac:oGm;avonf/

xdktcsdefu vQKdU0SufaqG;aEG;yJGrsm; usif;yvsuf&Sd&m olonf xdknü rEÅav;q&mjzpfoif

aemfrefausmif;wGif usif;yaom aqG;aEG;yGJodkU wufa&muf&ef xGufoGm;jcif; jzpfavonf/

uRefawmfum; rEÅav;wGif &uftawmfMum ae&ao;onf/ ajratmufta&;awmfykHtwGuf

vQKdU0Suftpnf;ta0;rsm;udk A[dktrsKd;om;ausmif;rSmomru wdkif;cspfowif;pmwdkufwGif

vnf; usif;ywwfMuonf/ rMumcP rpdk;&drfausmif;wdkufxJrS ausmif;wpfausmif;wGif

vnf; usif;yMuavonf/ wpfcgwpf&H ppfudkif;awmif&dk;&Sd r[mor,acsmifwGifvnf;

usif;ywwfavonf/ awmfvSefa&;pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk wdkif;cspfykHESdyfpufrSm pufwif ykHESdyf

onfhtcg ESdyfNyD; rpdk;&drfausmif;wdkufwGif&Sd aompMumoD[ pmcswef;pmar;yGJrsm;twGuf

xm;aom *sufpwifemBuD;jzifh vufESdyful;,lonfhtcg ul;,lMuavonf/

0g'jzefU pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ESifh nTefMum;vTmrsm; jzpfavonf/

0g'jzefU pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;wGif e,fcsJUt*Fvdyf qefUusifa&;? zufqpfqefUusifa&; tpkH

yg\/ e,fcsJUppfyGJBuD;ESifh ywfoufaom w&kwfuGefjrLepfacgif;aqmif armfpDwkH;\

1940ckESpf xJu rdeffUcGef;bmomjyefvnf; yg\/

- 410 -


aq;aumvdyfrS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifjzpfol udkarmifarmifum; ppfynmpmtkyfrsm;udk

tm;BuD;zwfol jzpf\/ olonfvnf; rEÅav;odkU a&mufvmNyD; ppfynmoifwef;rsm;

ay;vsuf&Sdavonf/ rEÅav;? a&Tbdk? uom paom NrdKUBuD;rsm;ü ajratmufawmfvSefa&;

orm;rsm;u vli,frsm;udk vQKdU0SufpGm pkay;&onf/ udkarmifarmifu ppfynmoifwef;rsm;

ay;avonf/

rEÅav;odkU atmufppfrsufESmjyifrS ausmfjzwfí a&mufvmaom owif;rsm;um; raumif;

acs/ vGwfvyfa&;twGuf *syefwkdUudk tm;rudk;Edkif? ,kHMunfpdwfcsjcif; rjyKEdkifaom

taxmuftxm;awG ydkrsm;jym;vm\/ odkUaomf rEÅav;XmecJGESifh &efukefXmecsKyfwkdU\

tquftoG,frSm raumif;vSojzifh wdusjynfhpkHaom owif;rsm;udk r&Muay/ uRefawmf

wkdUqDuvnf; &efukefodkU owif;rydkUEdkifMuay/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfhtm; &efukefodkU

vTwf&ef qkH;jzwfMuavonf/

&efukefodkUoGm;&ef rvG,fulacs/ rD;&xm;vnf; rSefrSefrxGuf/ wpfcgwpf&H vrf;rSm

tMumBuD; &yfaeavonf/ rD;oabFmawGuvnf; rrSefawmhacs/ bwfpfum;awGuvnf;

atmufodkU tqif;enf;NyD; tnmodkUtwufom rsm;avonf/ atmufodkU awmufavQmuf

qif;aom bwfpfum;u ydkíenf;avonf/ vlwdkif;onf xdwfvefUpdk;&drfaeMuavonf/

AkH;BuJcH&rnfavm? ppfyGJESifh &ifqdkifwkd;ae&rnfavm/

odkUaomf uRefawmfhrSm pdk;&drfxdwfvefUNyD; raetm;acs/ jzpfovdk &efukefta&muf oGm;&rnf

jzpfav\/

rEÅav;rS xGufvmaom aeUrSmyif taESmifht,Suf awGU&awmhonf/ rD;&xm;onf

a&SUqufroGm;awmhbJ ompnfblwmrSm ntdyfaeavonf/ aumvm[vowif;rsm;um;

trsKd;rsKd; ysHUvGifhae\/

armfvNrdKifNrdKUudk *syefwyfrsm;ESifh ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfonf odrf;ydkufNyD;MuNyD/

*syefppfwyfrsm; oxkHbufodkU a&SUqufcsDwufaeMuonf/

*syefppfwyfrsm; usKdif;wkHbufrSaeNyD; 0ifvmMuNyD/

yJcl;blwmudk AkH;BuJvdkufonf/

- 411 -

odef;azNrifh

yJcl;wpf0dkufrSm ppfyJGBuD;rsm; jzpfyGm;aeonf/

w&kwfppfwyfawG awmifiludk wyfpJGaeMuonf/

xdkowif;rsm;aMumifh vIyfvIyf&G&G jzpfae\/ uRefawmfwkdUrSm b,fowif; twnfjyK

&rnfudk rodacs/

ompnfblwm&kHü aMu;eef;tvkyform;rsm;onf a'guf'ufa'guf'ufESifh tvkyfrsm;ae

onfudk axmufNyD; atmufjrefrmjynfESifh txufjrefrmjynf tqufrjywfao;[k cefUrSef;&

awmh\/

odkUaomf rD;&xm; a&SUqufrckwfjcif;aMumifh vltrsm;onf aumv[mvrsm;udk ydkí

csJUum;um ajymqdkaeMuav\/

rD;&xm;um; atmufjynfatmuf&GmrS tEÅ&,fr&Sd[k aMu;eef;vmrS a&SUckwfvdrfhrnf[k

uRefawmf cefUrSef;rdavonf/ xdkUaMumifh pdwfudk wkH;wkH;csum rD;&xm;ESifhtwlwl ntdyf&ef

qkH;jzwfvkdufavonf/

xkdUaemuf uRefawmfonf blwm0if;xJwGif tanmif;tnmajy vrf;avQmufaeavonf/

blwm&kH&Sd yxrwef;wnf;cdkcef;wGif oduRrf;zl;onf[k xif&aom rdef;rESpfa,mufudk

jrifvdkufavonf/ rdef;rBuD;rSm ig;q,fwGif;jzpfí rdef;rysKdrSm q,fh&SpfESpf q,fhudk;ESpfrQ

&Sdavao;onf/ ESpfa,mufpvkH; 0g0if;aeatmif tom;jzLMuavonf/ olwkdUuvnf;

uRefawmfhtm; oduRrf;a[mif;taeESifh pdkufMunfhaeMuav\/

rSwfrdygNyD/ rdef;rBuD;um; anmifa&TrS yJGpm;BuD;OD;eE´\ 0rf;uGJESr apmokjrwf jzpf\/

rdef;ri,frSm OD;eE´orD; rEÅav;wGif ausmif;aeol apmokeE´mjzpfav\/ tHMop&m? awGUyJ

awGU&wwfonf/

uRefawmfu olwkdUtem;oGm;NyD;-

]]tdk ta':wdkUyguvm;? b,fuvmNyD; b,foGm;MurvdkUwkH;}}

- 412 -


apmokjrwfu toH0J0Jjzifh-

]]rEÅav;u vmMuwmuJGU? anmifa&TjyefzdkUyJuJGU? wlawmfarmifu b,fuvmwmwkH;}}

]]uRefawmfvnf; rEÅav;u vmwmyJ? &efukefoGm;r,f}}

]]aeygOD;? &efukefu b,fwkH;u xGufvmcJUwmvJ}}

]]awmfawmfuav; MumoGm;NyDcifAs}}

]]&efukefAkH;BuJwkef;u b,frSmvJ}}

]]&efukefrSmyJcifAsm;? udk,fawGUBuKHvdkuf&ao;wmaygh cifAsm}}

apmokeEúm; yg;pyfuav;ta[mif;om;ESifh ai;NyD; em;axmifaeavonf/ bmrQ 0if

rajym/

apmokjrwf-

]]bk&m;trBuD; rjrrSDwkdU ab;rxd? &efrNid csrf;csrf;omomyJvm;}}

wu,fpifppf uRefawmfum; tqufjywfaeNyDjzpfí rjrrSDwkdUtaMumif;udk aumif;aumif;

rodawmhacs/ odkUaomf [kwfonfhtwdkif;vnf; olwdkUtm; ajymraecsifawmhyg/

]]bmrSrjzpfygbl;? ab;&efuif;ygw,f/ olwkdUvnf; odef;odef;EGJUwdkkdUeJUtwl jynfvrf;

NcHxJrSm aeMuw,fcifAs? jynfvrf;bufrSmawmh AkH;BuJrSm pdk;&drfp&m r&Sdygbl;}}

xdktcdkuf cGefomjrwf a&mufvmavonf/ cGefomjrwfum; yJGpm;BuD; OD;eEÉSifh 0rf;uJGESr

apmokjrwfwdkU wdwfwdwfykef;nm;&mrS &xm;aom om;jzpfonf/

]]tdk aemifBuD; udkwifxGef;yguvm;}}

]][m cGefomjrwfvnf; ygvmoudk;? ckbmvJ apmokeEúdk ausmif;u ac:vmMuwmvm;}}

- 413 -

odef;azNrifh

cGefomjrwfESifh apmokeE´mwkdUonf wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf MunfhNyD; NyKH;pdpd vkyfaeMu

avonf/ xdktcg olwdkUESpfOD;\ wdwfwdwfykef;tcspfudk vnf;aumif;? yJGpm;BuD;OD;eEú

xdktjzpfudk [efUwm;aomtm;jzifh cGefomjrwftm; tdrfrS ESifxkwfxm;cJUonfudk

vnf;aumif; zswfceJ owd&rdavonf/

apmokjrwfu £ajE´&pGmjzifhyif-

]]wlawmfarmifudk ajymjyOD;r,f/ anmifa&Tvmwkef;uvnf; wlawmfarmif odoavmuf

odom;yJaemf? olwdkUESpfOD;cspfjcif;udk bk&m;eEú cGJzdkUBudK;pm;ayr,fh cJGr&bl;? ydkawmif

qdk;ukefw,f/ 'gaMumifh olwkdU xGufajy;Muw,f/ tck uRefru jyefac:vm&wm

wlawmfarmif&JU}}

uRefawmfu 0rf;omtm;& NyKH;vkdufNyD;-

]]aumif;wmaygh ausmif;trBuD;&m? vli,fawG&JUtcspfudk ydwfyifwm;qD;wm[m rrSefbl;?

xdef;odrf;MuyfrwfNyD; vrf;rSefa&mufatmif ydkU&w,f? ck anmifa&Tjyefa&muf&if bk&mh'um

BuD; OD;eEú b,fvdkoabmxm;rSmyJ}}

]]bk&m;eEú tckawmh oabmwlygawmhr,fwJU? tdrfjyefa&mufatmifom jyefac:cJUygwJU}}

uRefawmfonf cspfolESpfOD;tm; csD;usL;pum; ajymaeavonf/

xdkUaemuf cGefomjrwfESifh ESpfa,mufom; [dk[dkonfonf vrf;avQmuf&if; ppftajctae?

EdkifiHa&;tajctaersm;udk ajymqdkaqG;aEG;Muavonf/ cGefomjrwfum; uRefawmfwkdU

ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykHwGif ygcJUoljzpfojzifh ArmhvGwfvyfa&;? &Srf;jynfvGwfvyfa&;?

ya'o&mZf qefUusifa&;wGif pdwf0ifpm;cJUoljzpfonf/ wpfcgwkef;u uRefawmfhtm;

ta&;awmfykHBuKHvQif olUtm; today;yg? ol yg0ifyg&ap[k ajymxm;cJUoljzpfavonf/

xdkUaMumifh t*Fvdyftm; wdkufxkwfa&;? *syefzufqpfwdkUtm; ckHcHawmfvSefa&; paom

vkyfief;rsm;udk &Srf;jynfrSmvnf; rsKd;aphcs&ef aqG;aEG;Muavonf/

blwm&kHxJwGif a&'D,dkwpfvkH;&Sd\/ &efukeftoHvTifhXmerSaeNyD; q&mjzpfoif aemfref

ausmif;tkyfBuD;a[mif; NrdKUrOD;wifhaqGonf tpdk;&0g'jzefUpum; ajymvsuf&Sdavonf/

*syefav,mOfysHawGu AkH;BuJaomfvnf; jrefrmawGu raMumufaMumif;? xdrSefjcif;?

- 414 -


ysufpD;jcif; enf;aMumif; pdwf"mwfysufjym;jcif; r&SdaMumif;? bk&ifcHrif;BuD; qma':refprpf

uGyfuJrIaumif;aomaMumifh tpkd;&tzGJUBuD;vnf; BuHUBuHUcdkifvsuf&SdaMumif; z&dkz&J vkH;0

r&SdaMumif; ponfrsm; jzpfavonf/

xdkUaemuf toHwpfoHu wif;rmpGmjzifh-

]]armifrif; ivSaz? iAaqGwkdU emcH&rnfrSm}} [k tpcsDí Nrdwf? xm;0,fbufwGif *syefESifh

aygif;í tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPm odrf;ydkufMuaom ocifvSazESifh ocifAaqGwkdUtm; &mZ0wf

aumifrsm;tjzpf aMunmNyD;vQif olwkdUtm; ay;rnfh tjypf'Pfrsm;udk rkd;BudK;xpfcsLef;í

aeavonf/

&xm;onf ompnfblwmrSm tawmfMum aomifwifaeavonf/

apmokjrwf? apmokeE´mESifh cGefomjrwfwkdUum; ompnfrS uavmodkU &xm;jzifhyif

wufoGm;Muavonf/

c&D;onftcsKdUonf &&mjzifh rEÅav;odkU jyefoljyef? udk,fh&yfudk,fh&GmokdU jyefoljyef? a&SUokdU

qufolquf oGm;Muavonf/

uRefawmfum; &efukefodkU ta&mufoGm;&ef oEédXmefjyKxm;ojzifh rEÅav;odkU rjyef/ &xm;

rSmvnf; ESpf&ufokH;&uf ompnfwGif &yfaeOD;rnf[k blwm&kHt&m&SdwkdUu cefUrSef;vdkuf

ojzifh bmvkyf&rnfrod jzpfaeav\/

csDwkHcswkHjzpfvsuf ompnfblwmrSmyif apmifhaepOf rEÅav;wGif wufbkef;BuD; udkodef;az

xHodkU rMumcPvmwwfaom OD;xGef;pdef qkdolonf rdw¬DvmNrdKUrSm aeaeaMumif; owd&

avonf/ olUxHoGm;&vQif raumif;aybl;vm;/ OD;xGef;pdefonf t&yftarmif;

aumif;aumif; 00NzdK;NzdK;ESifh Munfhíaumif;aom&kyf&nf&Sd\/ taetxdkifuvnf; oefUjyefU

om;em;\/ a':refprpftpdk;&wGif 0efBuD;wpfOD;jzpfaom rdw¬DvmOD;b&if\ wlvnf;

jzpf\/ udk,fwdkifu t*Fvdyfydkifjzpfaom ruúrDvif pmtkyfukrÜPD udk,fpm;vS,fvkyf\/

xdkUaMumifh olUtm; uRefawmfu awmfvSefa&;orm;[k rxif? olUtm; t*Fvdyftpdk;&

bufom;[kom xifp&m&Sdavonf/ udkodef;azESifhom tquftoG,fr&SdvQif olUtm;

uRefawmfu ,kHMunfp&m wpfuGufrQ r&Sdacs/

- 415 -

odef;azNrifh

olESifhudkodef;azwkdU\ tquftoG,fudk tm;udk;NyD; olUxHoGm;&ef qkH;jzwfvdkufavonf/

naeav;em&DavmufwGif ompnfblwmrS rdw¬DvmodkU ajcusifavQmufcJU\/

usaeyifjzpfvifhupm; tawmfylonf/ vrf;rSmvnf; t&dyftm0go enf;vSonf/

vrf;ab;rsm;wGif t&Gufryg t&dk;pdrf;uav;rsm;jzifhom pdrf;aeaom jrpdrf;yifwkdUom

pdrf;pdrf;&Sd\/ tjcm;tyifwkdUrSm ajcmufaoGUaeMu\/ jrufcif;wkdUrSm tkef;cGHa&mif ayguf

ae\/

uRefawmfhudk,fudk &kyfzsufxm;aomtm;jzifh zsifMurf;vkHcsnfESifh zsifMurf;&SyftusÐwkdUudk 0wf

xm;onf/ rsufESmokwfy0gBuD;udk acgif;aygif;xm;onf/

wu,fawmh xdkpOftcgwGif &kyf odyfzsufaezkdU rvdkawmhyg/ t*Fvdyfbk&ifcHrif;jrwf\

tpdk;&tzGJUonfyif wvkH;wpnf;wnf; r&SdawmhbJ [dk0efBuD;u awmifajy;? onf0efBuD;u

ajrmufajy;? [dkt&m&SdawGu armfawmfum;jzifhajy;? onft&m&SdawGu av,mOfysHjzifhajy;?

ppfajy;aeMuNyDjzpf&m ykvdyftzGJUwkdUonf uRefawmfwkdUocifrsm;tm; vdkufzkdUxuf ajy;zkdUom

vkH;yef;aeMuygavNyD/

ompnfrdw¬Dvm aywpf&mvrf;rBuD;ay:rSm acR;wvkH;vkH;jzifh avQmufvmavonf/ vrf;rSm

EGm;tkyfrsm;ESifh vSnf;rsm;udk awGU\/ armfawmfum; wpfpD;rQ rawGU&acs/ vrf;ay:rSm

awGUol[lorQ uRefawmfhtm; ta&;BuD;olwpfOD;[k xifMu[efr&Sd/ tjrifhqkH; xifvSvQif

awmyJGpm;wpfa,mufom jzpfonf[k xifayvdrfhrnf/

aer0ifrD awmfawmfapmapmrSmyif rdw¬Dvmuefawmf&dk;udk a&mufvmavonf/ uefawmfBuD;

um; tif;BuD;tdkifBuD;ozG,f us,fvSay\/ opfyift&dyftm0gouvnf; aumif;\/

uRefawmf uefaygifrSm cPxdkifNyD; em;\/ wpfae&mwGif tkwfESifhaqmufxm;aom

ewfuGef;wpfck &Sd\/ ewfuGef;ESifh 0g;wpf&dkuftuGmavmufwGif a&tdk;pif&Sd\/

uRefawmfonf acR;rsm;udk rsufESmokwfy0gjzifh okwfNyD;aemuf acgif;aygif;NrJ aygif;xm;

vdkuf\/

- 416 -


rdw¬DvmNrdKUxJwGif 0efBuD;OD;b&if\ tdrfudkvnf;aumif;? ol\wl OD;xGef;pdef\ tdrfudk

vnf;aumif; &SmazG&ef rcJ,Of;acs/ tvG,fwuljzifhyif OD;xGef;pdef\tdrfokdU a&mufoGm;

avonf/

tdrfatmufuaeNyD; uRefawmfu ar;vkdufonf/

]]OD;xGef;pdefwpfa,muf &Sdygovm;cifAsm}}

ndKndK00 touf 50ausmf rdef;rBuD;wpfa,mufonf qif0ifjywif;aygufrS ay:vmNyD;-

]]&Sdygw,f? bmudpö&SdvdkUwkH;}}

]]awGUcsifvkdUyg cifAsm}}

]]tdrfatmufrSm 0ifxdkifygOD;uG,f}}

twGif;rS toHwpfoHu-

]]tar b,folwJUwkH;}} [lí ar;vkdufonf/

OD;xGef;pdef\taru-

]]{nfhonfa[h}} [k ajzav\/

tdrfatmufxyfrSm tumr&Sdyg/ xef;yvyfjym;rsm; cif;xm;aom yufvufukvm;xdkif

rsm;ESifh acG;ajcckHrsm; &Sdavonf/

uRefawmfonf acG;ajcckHwpfckay:rSm 0ifxdkifum OD;xGef;pdeftm; apmifhae\/

twefMumaomtcg OD;xGef;pdef qif;vmavonf/ olUvufxJrSm pD;u&ufwpfbl;?

aq;ayghvdyf? rD;jcpfESifh jymxnfhcGufrsm; ygvmavonf/ olUyg;pyfrSmvnf; aq;ayghvdyf

cJxm;\/

- 417 -

odef;azNrifh

olonf uRefawmfhtm; tuJcwfMunfh&if; uRefawmfhqDodkU cHUnm;aom ajcvSrf;rsm;jzifh

vmaeav\/

uRefawmfu rsufESmokwfy0gudk acgif;rSjzKwfvkdufNyD; NyKH;EIwfqufonf/ oluvnf;

jyefNyKH;NyD;-

]]jrifzl;ygw,f rSwfygw,f}}

]]rpdk;&drfausmif;wkdufxJrSm udkodef;azqD OD;xGef;pdefvmawmh awGUMuwmav}}

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xdkifí-

]]aMomf [kwfNyD [kwfNyD? &Jabmfu &kyfzsufvmwmudk;/ &kwfw&uf b,frSm rSwfrdvdrfhrSmvJ?

emrnfu b,folwJU? aeprf;ygOD; cyfarharhjzpfaew,f/ [J [J 40rausmfao;bl;? owd

awG vpfukefNyD [J [J}}

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emrnf&if;udkyif ar;onfhjref;onfhtqifhodkU ra&mufzl;acs/

]]uRefawmfhemrnfu nGefUarmifygcifAsm}} [k uRefawmfu vQKdU0Sufemrnfudk ajymvdkufav

onf/

]]aMomf [kwfom;yJ? [kwfw,f rSwfrdNyD/ ck b,fuvmwmvJ? zkd;odef;azu vTwfvkdufwm

vm;}}

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BuKH&if cifAsm;qD 0ifoGm;vdkufygwJU}}

olu NyKH;NyD; acgif;ndwfumndwfumjzifh em;axmifaeonf/

]]rD;&xm;u wpf&ufESpf&uf &yfae&r,fxifw,f}}

- 418 -


]]rdw¬DvmrSm ntdyfrvm;}}

]][kwfuJU}}

]]b,foleJU awGUcsifao;wkH;}}

olu uRefawmfwkdU ta&;awmfykHvkyfief;ESifh ywfoufí awGUp&mvludk ar;jcif;jzpf[ef

wlonf/

]]t"duuawmh cifAsm;eJU awGUzdkUygyJAsm? onfhjyif awGUoifhawGUxdkufwJU vlawGvnf;

awGU&wmayghAsm}}

olonfaq;ayghvdyfudk jymxnfhcGufxJ acgif;pdkufí xnfhNyD;aemuf pD;u&ufwpfvdyf,lNyD;

uRefawmfhtm; ay;onf/ uRefawmfu jiif;vdkufaomtcg olUbmomol nSdaomufvsuf

acgif;armhí pOf;pm;aeavonf/

twefMumawmh olu-

]]vmAsm uReffawmfeJUvdkufcJU}}

ajymajymqdkqdkESifh jAKef;ceJ xavonf/ uRefawmfuvnf; xvdkuf\/

]]cifAsm;vG,ftdwfvnf; ,lcJU}}

tNrJwrf; yckH;rSmvG,fcJUNyD; ,ck tdrfa&mufrS yufvufukvm;xdkiftpGef;wGif csdwfxm;aom

uRefawmfhvG,ftdwfudk jzKwf,lcJUavonf/

olu bmrQrajymbJ a&SUu avQmufoGm;&m uRefawmfuvnf; bmrQrajymbJ aemufrS

vkdufoGm;avonf/

uefawmfBuD;teD; bkef;BuD;ausmif;wpfausmif;odkU a&mufMuav\/

xdktcsdefwGif ae0ifNyD;NyDjzpfí arSmif&DvmavNyD/

- 419 -

odef;azNrifh

ausmif;0if;rSm refusnf;? o&uf? ydEéJpaom tyifBuD;rsm;jzifh tkyfae\/ AsKdif;tkyf? usD;tkyf

rsm;onf 4if;tyifBuD;rsm;ay:wGif tdyfwef;wuf&ef ysHoef;vmMuonf/ cdkrsm;um;

ausmif;acgifrkd;ay:wGif tdyfwef;wuf&ef em;aeMuavonf/

ausmif;atmufxyfrSm edrfhNyD; arSmifaeonf/

OD;xGef;pdefonf ausmif;ay:odkU rwufao;bJ atmufrSyif-

]]q&mawmf ausmif;ay:a&mufNyDvm;bk&m;}} [k ar;avQmufav&m ausmif;atmuf arSmif

xJrS MoZm&SdvSaom toHwpfoH ay:vmavonf/

]]b,folvJa[h atmuf0ifcJUav}}

atmufxyf arSmifxJokdU azmufxGif;í MunhfvdkufMuaomtcg ckwifBuD;ay:wGif

bkef;awmfBuD;wpfyg;? bkef;awmfBuD;tm; eif;ay;aeaom udk&ifwpfyg;ESifh OD;yOöif;ESpfyg;udk

0dk;wdk;0g;wm; jrifMu&avonf/

uRefawmfwkdUonf acgif;vGwfaomfvnf; acgif;ikHUí atmufxyfxJodkU 0ifoGm;Muavonf/

cg;yef;ESifh wkdufrdrSmpdk;íavm? bkef;BuD;ausmif; bkef;BuD;a&SUrSmrdkU jzpfíavmrod? acgif;ikHUrd

Mu\/

]]b,folawGvJa[h}} [k ar;jyefavonf/

]]wynfhawmfygbk&m;}}

]]aMom xGef;pdefvm;}}

]]wifyghbk&m;}}

uRefawmfwkdUonf 0wfcsNyD;aemuf ckwifay: wufxdkifMuavonf/

q&mawmftm; 0wfjyKaeaom (eif;ay;aeaom) udk&ifonf qif;vdkuf\/ q&mawmfu

xxdkifNyD;-

- 420 -


]]b,fu vmMuwmvJa[h}}

]]t&Sifbk&m;qD wrifvmwmygyJ bk&m;? ocifacgif;aqmifwpfa,muf t&Sifbk&m; ausmif;

rSm cPxm;csifvdkUyg bk&m;}}

]]a[ [kwfvm;? aeyg aeyg? &efukefuvm;}}

uRefawmf ]]wifyghbk&m;}}

OD;yOöif;ESpfyg; xoGm;Muavonf/

bkef;awmfBuD;-

]]OD;paE´m ausmif;ay:rSm rD;tdrfxGef;xm;vkdufyg? {nfhonf xrif;pm;NyD;cJUNyDvm;}}

uRefawmfum; rpm;cJU&ao;acs/ odkUaomf ajz&rSm tm;emae\/ OD;xGef;pdefu 0ifí ]]rpm;&

ao;bl; bk&m;? wynfhawmfvnf; uwdkufu&dkufrkdU tdrfu auR;rvmrdbl; bk&m;}}

q&mawmf ]]udk&ifOmP? xrif;ajcmufxrif;wpftkd;awmh csufOD;rSyJ? [if;av;tdk; t&Sdom;

yJ? ajryJaMumfawGvnf; &Sd&JU r[kwfvm;}}

udk&ifonf oGufvufcsufcsmpGm xGufoGm;avonf/

q&mawmfu aemufqkH;ppfrsufESmtajctaeudk ar;aeavonf/ uRefawmfu &efukefrS

xGufvmonfrSm MumNyDjzpfí odyfrodaMumif;? odkUaomf odoavmufudk avQmufxm;

&aMumif; avQmufaepOf OD;xGef;pdefonf q&mawmftm; 0wfcsNyD;-

]]wynfhawmf oGm;acsygOD;r,fbk&m;}}

]]jrefvScsnfhvm;uG}}

]]wifygh? nrS vmcJUygOD;r,fbk&m;? ckawmh udpöuav;awG &Sdao;vdkUyg bk&m;}}

- 421 -

odef;azNrifh

OD;xGef;pdef xGufoGm;avonf/

q&mawmfonf ppfa&;ppf&mrSmomru EdkifiHa&;rSmvnf; pdwf0ifpm;vSavonf/ wkdUArm

ocifwkdU\ vGwfvyfa&;tm;xkwfrI [lorQudk axmufcHajymqdk aeavonf/ ocif

udk,fawmfrIdif; taMumif;udk ar;aeav&m uRefawmfu aemufqkH;od&orQjzifh q&mBuD;

onf tzrf;rcH&avatmif ykef;a&Smifae&aMumif; ajzavQmufvdkufay\/

4if;aemuf ausmif;ay:odkU wufMuav\/

rD;a&mifxJwGif q&mawmftm; tuJcwfcGifh&ay\/ toufawmf 60rQ &SdNyDjzpfaomfvnf;

tvGefaocsm[ef&Sdonfh cdkifcHUaomudk,fxnfESifh MunfvifaomrsufESm &Sdavonf/ rsufckH;

arG;rSm xlvSNyD; jzLa&miforf;aeavonf/ uGrf;tawmfpm;[efwlaomfvnf; oGm;rsm;udk

jzLatmif wdkufxm;\/

uRefawmf xrif;pm;aepOf q&mawmfonf pBuFavQmuf&if; oGm;rsm;udk wHylwdkufae

avonf/

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oN*dKvfq&mjzpfNyD; tjcm;wpfa,mufrSm yOöif;'um awmifolBuD; jzpfavonf/ aemuf

wpfcPMumawmh toufav;q,fausmf rif;om;[ef aoQmifwJGxkH;ESifh vlwpfa,muf

aygufvmjyefavonf/ olum; aq;q&mjzpf\/

OD;xGef;pdefonf uRefawmfwkdUESifh awGUoifhaomolrsm;[lí vTwfvkdufoavm[k yxraomf

xifjrifrdum uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSm rausrcsrf; jzpfaerdavonf/ okdUaomf olwkdUrSm

nnwGif pum;pjrnf ajymqdkESD;aESm&ef q&mawmfxH vmaeusjzpfaMumif; &dyfpm;rd

avonf/

q&mawmhfxHrS uRefawmfonf ocifacgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfaMumif;? &efukef AkH;BuJpOfu

udk,fawGUjrifcJU&aMumif;rsm;udk olwkdU od&aomtcg olwkdUonf uRefawmfhab;wGif 0dkif;

aeMuavawmh\/ ppfrsufESmtajctae? EdkifiHa&;tajctaeESifh &efukefwGif AkH;BuJykHrsm;udk

ajymjy&jyefavonf/ pum;0dkif;odkU OD;yOöif;wpfyg;a&m udk&ifyg 0ifvmMuavonf/

q&mawmfum; teD;rS yufvufukvm;xdkifwGif xdkif&if; uRefawmfwkdUpum;0dkif;wGif yg0if

aeavonf/

- 422 -


vufqJGrD;tdrfu rD;rSm wvufvuf/

wdkifuyfem&DBuD;rS csdefoD;u wcsufcsuf/

uRefawmfwkdUpum;0dkif;u wkd;wpfcg us,fwpfvSnfhESifh oGufvSay\/

uRefawmfu ajymp&m&SdwmawG tawmfajymNyD;í tawmfarmoGm;aomtcg uRefawmf

ajymjyonfh tcsKdUtcsufrsm;udk tajcjyKí olwkdUtcsif;csif; aqG;aEG;ajymqdk aeMujyef

avonf/ urÇmhta&;wGif olwkdUem;vnfykHESifh em;vnforQ azmfjyykHwkdUrSm pdwf0ifpm;zG,f

jzpfayonf/

t*Fvdyftar&duefu wpfzuf? *smrefemZDwdkUu wpfzuf ppfjzpfvmcJUykH? &k&Sm;u wpfzuf?

t*Fvdyftar&duefwkdUu wpfzuf y#dyu©jzpfcJUykH? *smrefESifh&k&Sm; oifhjrwfaeovkd xif&&m

rS ppfrD;awmufykH? t*Fvdyftar&duefu wpfzuf ppfjzpfcJUykH ponfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí

ausmif;uyÜd,BuD;u ]wxmuwrH? umrm0p&HqdkwJU oN*dKvfpum;t& umrbkH 'DurÇmBuD;

[m w,f&IyfwmyJAsm}}[k qkdvdkufav&m-

yOöif;'um awmifolBuD;u axmufcHvdkufykHrSm ]]qkwfuyfBuD;qdkawmh 0doravmbu vTrf;

aewmyJAsm/ 0doravmb OD;aqmifaewJU EdkifiHBuD;awG[m b,frSm tcsif;csif; wnfhEdkifygh

rvJ? y#dyu© jzpfpNrJaygh/ acwfqkd;BuD;rSm vufeuf txl;xl;tqef;qef;awGuvnf;

ay:aeawmh xaqmfMuwmyJAs}}

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onfrSm rif;awGraumif;vdkU jzpfaMumif;? ]*i,fokH;ck? OoQpfxk} qkdaom t*¾d&wfvuFmudk

&Gwfzwfí t"dyÜm,fazmf &mZ0ifcif;NyD;vQif ydkif;jcm;a0zefavonf/

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t*Fvdyftvdkawmf&d eef;&if;0efrsm;\ tpdk;&tzGJUrsm; raumif;ykHrsm;wGif pum;vufqkH

usMuavonf/

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aom t&mawG[m tedpöawGyJ? rif;vnf;yJ tedpö? tpdk;&vnf;yJ tedpö? rif;ajymif;rif;vTJ

BuKH&awmhrSm trSefyJ/ jzpfjyefysufjyef avmu"HyJav}}

- 423 -

odef;azNrifh

uyÜd,BuD; ]]wabmifvnf;&Sdom;yJ bk&m;/ tif;udk [oFmqif;rnf? [oFmudk rkqdk; av;eJU

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udef;y bk&m;}}

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[laom wabmif/

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qJGí t"dyÜm,fjyefMu\/

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avawmhonf/

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- 424 -


wpfwkdif;jynfvkH; A&kef;okef;um; Aa,mufA,uf jzpfaewmyJ/ 'DtcgrSm awmifbufu

t*FvdyfawGu 0ifwkdufw,f/ nDawmf rif;wkef;rif;om;u ajrmuf jrif;e,f a&Tbkd xGufNyD;

ajrmufbufu ykefuefwdkufcdkufw,f/ 'Dawmh yk*Hrif;u usawmhwmaygh/ ckvnf;yJ 'Duddef;

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aemufuaeNyD; ocifawGu t*Fvdyfrif;udk wdkufw,f? t*Fvdyfrif;awmh us&awmhrSmyJ/

tv,fvl tleJUa[mif;avmif;qkdwm t*Fvdyfrif;yJ}}

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avonf/

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OD;xGef;pdefu NyKH;vsuf-

- 425 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 426 -


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- 427 -

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- 428 -


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- 429 -

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- 430 -


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- 441 -

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- 446 -


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- 447 -

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- 448 -


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- 449 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 450 -


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- 451 -

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- 452 -


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- 453 -

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- 454 -


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- 455 -

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- 456 -


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- 465 -

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- 466 -


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uRefawmf\ w&m;rsm;udk oabmxm;BuD;pGmESifh em;axmif&if; tdyfaysmfwwfaom OD;az/

,ckum; rEdk;aomtdyfjcif;jzifh tdyfoGm;avNyD/ uRefawmfum; ocifaygufpr[kwfawmhNyD/

tawGUtBuKHrsm;aom ocifjzpfcJUayNyD/ tazaojcif;? &nf;pm;aojcif; paom 'ku©ESifh

vnf; BuKHcJU\/ ppfab;ppf'Pf tawGUtBuKHvnf; &Sd\/ *syefwkdU\ vSnfhjzm;cH&aom

tawGUtBuKHvnf; &Sd\/ rjrrSD\ uGefydkufrS &kef;xGufEdkifcJUaom ajymifajrmufonfh

tawGUtBuKHvnf; &Sd\/ xdkrQ tawGUtBuHKrsm;aeNyDjzpfaom uRefawmfonf OD;azESifh

w&m;a[mvdkufcsifygbdonf/ 'Dwpfcgawmh OD;azonf tdyfaysmfoGm;rnf r[kwfacs/

odkUaomf OD;aztm; rawGUEdkifawmhNyD/ OD;azonf rkqdk;ra':aX;MunfESifh om;orD;rsm;ukd

*syefzufqpf bGwfzdeyfatmufwGif xm;ypfcJUonf/ a':aX;Munfum; <um;&kHom <um;

- 472 -


wwfonf? [efaqmif&kHom wwfonf/ &SdwmzJUNyD; xkcJGpm;&kHom wwfonf? yifpifudk xdkif

pm;&kHom wwfonf? 0rf;pmtwGuf wpfpkHwpf&m vkyfwwfolr[kwf? wpfjym;wcsyf

&Smwwfol r[kwf/ olwkdUtwGuf pdwfylrdao;awmh\/

tylqkH;rSm 0ifeDtm; udka&T*syefAdkvfu AdkufwpfvkH;ESifh xm;ypfcJUrnfhta&; jzpfavonf/

odkUaomf &uftwefMumaomtcg 0ifeDazac: cifodef;0if;tm; uyÜwdef,dk;&SD'gac: AdkvfBuD;

&ef&Sif;ESifh tBuD;tus,f vufxyfr*FvmjyKMujcif;[laom owif;udk Mum;&aomtcg

&ifzdkwmawG aysmufNyD; tawmfpdwfat;oGm;&avonf/

ocifwifBuD;onf urm&GwfbufrSmawmh tawmfvufpGrf;jyaeavonf/ *syef taESmifh

t,Suf r&SdbJESifh ]olcdk;aps;} zGifhEdkifatmif pDpOfay;onf/ ]olcdk;aps;} [k ac:aom aps;rSm

pyful;ryful; txdwfwvefUumvwkef;u qdkifawGrS azmuf,lxm;aom aygif'gbl;rSpNyD;

zdeyfxd ypönf;rsm;ESifh Oa&mywdkufom;rsm;tdrfawGrS azmuf,lvmaom ZGef;? cuf&if;rS

pE´&m;xd ypönf;rsm;udk a&mif;cs&mae&m jzpfavonf/ b,fvl olcdk;? b,fvlu ckd;&myg

ypönf; vufcHol? b,folu wpfqifh0,fol rodEdkifawmhacs/ xdkpOftcgu cdk;jcif;udk

usifh0wfodu©mysufonf[k b,folurQ rxifMuawmhacs/ okdUaomf ocifwifBuD;onf

xdkaps;odkU a&mufvmNyD; ppfaq;avonf/ yef;uefa&mif;aeaom olwpfa,mufudk ckd;&myg

ypönf; vufcHol[kqdkNyD; Budrf'Pf udk,fwdkifay;avonf/ ocifwifBuD;tm; xdkolu

vmbfrxdk;aomaMumifh ckvdk &dkufjcif;jzpfaMumif; aemufrS Mum;&avonf/

wpfaeU a&ausmfa&mufoGm;&m rcifopfwkdUtdrfodkU oGm;Munfhavonf/ rcifopfwkdUtdrfrSm

AkH;vnf;rxd? rD;vnf;ravmif/ odkUaomf tdrfwGif b,folrQ r&SdMu/ wHcg; aomhcwfxm;

onf/ tdrfeD;em;csif;rsm;uvnf; bmrQrodMu/ rcifopfwkdUwpftdrfvkH; b,fodkU ajy;a&Smif

aeMuygvdrfh/

ckaeom rcifopfwkdU rdom;wpfpktaMumif; Mum;&ygu awmfwm Mum;&jcif; rnfayrnf/

ckaeom rcifopfwkdUrdom;pktm; jrif&ygu awmfwmjrif&jcif; rnfayrnf/ odkUaomf ,ckvdk

tcsdefum; rawmfwm Mum;&? rawmfwm jrif&NyD; awmfwm rMum;&? awmfwm rjrif&aom

tcsdefaywnf;/ /

- 473 -

odef;azNrifh

73

avjyif;rkefwdkif;BuD;wGif wG,fp&m ckdp&m

omrefr[kwfaom tcgumvBuD;wGif tcsdefonf b,fvdkukefoGm;rSef; rodEdkifacs/

uRefawmfonf urm&GwfrSmom cyfvQKdvQKd qufaeoGm;\/ bDtdkifat XmecsKyfwGif

AdkvfawZac: ocifatmifqef;wkdU txufjrefrmjynfodkU wufoGm;NyD;onhfaemuf AdkvfpMum

onf tBuD;tuJjzpf\/ AdkvfpMumqdkolrSm ocifatmifoef;yifjzpfaMumif;? olvnf;

ocifatmifqef;ESifhtwl *syefjyef AdkvfwpfOD;jzpfaMumif;avmufudkom odxm;yg\/

onfhjyifum; bmrQ aumif;pGmrod/ AdkvfpMumrSm aq;&kHwifae&onf[kvnf; Mum;&\/

olUae&mwGif AdkvfausmfaZmqkdol tjcm; *syefjyefAdkvfwpfOD; tvkyfqif;aeonf[k od&\/

xdkAdkvf\ yif&if;wm0efrSmum; a*:&mukef;rSm Adkvfoifwef;zGifhay;jcif; jzpfonf[kvnf;

od&ao;\/ onfhxufydkNyD; uRefawmfrod/ AdkvfausmfaZmqdkol\ trnf&if;udkyif rod

ao;acs/ olwdkUxHarSmufwGif uRefawmfh&ifwGif;rSm &SdorQawGudk zGifhxkwf&ef rjzpfEdkifacs/

olwkdUuvnf; uRefawmfhtm; ,kHMunfEdkifrnfr[kwf/ t&if;ESD;qkH;&Jabmfvnf; jzpfNyD;

tcspfcifqkH; ausmif;aezufoli,fcsif; udkat;aiGudk wrf;wrdonf/ olESifhawGUNyD; wdkifyif

aqG;aEG;vdkonf/

odkUr[kwf ocifwifarmifBuD;ESifhawGU&vQif tqifajyvdrfhrnf/ *syefawG ArmjynfxJ

ra&mufcifu uRefawmfonf olESifh yGifhyGifhvif;vif; raqG;aEG;&Jacs/ uRefawmfwkdU\

ta&;awmfykHvkyfief;rsm;udk ajymrjy&Jacs/ tJ'Dwkef;u olUt,ltq? txiftjrifrsm;udk

uRefawmf av;pm;pGm em;axmifaomfvnf; vufrcHcJUacs/ ,ck *syefrsm; jrefrmjynfxJodkU

a&mufNyD;csdefwGif vkH;0 vufcHEdkifayNyD/ ol\ [dkwkef;u ajrmfjrifcsufrsm;onf ,ck

uRefawmf\ cHpm;csufrsm;ESifh nDnGwfaeayNyD/

t*FvdyfESifh*syef ppfrjzpfrD okH;avvavmufwkef;u tif;pdefaxmifxJrS ]]zufqpftEÅ&m,f

udk 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pktm;vkH;ESifh yl;aygif;wdkufzsufvdkonf}} [laom toHwpfoH xGuf

vmcJU\/ xkdpOftcgu tif;pdefaxmifxJwGif wkdUArmtpnf;t&kH; tvkyftrIaqmif

wpf0ufcefU axmifusaeavonf/ tvkyftrIaqmifwpfOD;jzpfol ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m

tvkyform; tpnf;t&kH;\ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;jzpfol ocifausmfpdefu ]]olonf

- 474 -


zufqpf*syef tEÅ&m,fudk vlxkenf; tpnf;t&kH;enf;rsm;jzihf jyefvnfwdkufzsufzdkU

vdkaMumif;? xdkvkyfief;rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm vkyfudkifEdkif&ef olUtm; axmifrSvTwfay;zdkU

vdkaMumif;}} bk&ifcH a':refprpfxHodkU pma&;cJUavonf/ xdkpOftcgwkef;u uRefawmfonf

tif;pdefaxmifxJrS xdktoHudk av;eufpGm rpOf;pm;cJUacs/ ocifausmfpdef\ awmif;qdkcsuf

udkvnf; tjcm;aom uRefawmfh&Jabmfrsm;ESifhtwl ]]axmifuxGufcsifvkdU oabmw&m;awG

xkwfNyD; a&;aewJUpmawGyg}} [k &,fp&mvkyfcJUavonf/ ,ck zufqpfoHwvdrfh ('vdrfh)

BuD; uRefawmfwkdUtay: BudwfvmNyDjzpf&m txufyg tif;pdefaxmifxJrS acgif;aqmifrsm;\

toHudk av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;EdkifygNyD/ olwkdU\ xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk &dkaoav;pm;

vmygNyD/

xdkpOftcgwkef;u tif;pdefaxmifxJwGif tvkyftrIaqmifvlBuD;rsm; jzpfaom ocif

av;armif? ocifEk? ocifpdk;? ocifoef;xGef;? ociftkef;az? ocifcifatmif? ocif

vSabmfBuD;ESifh ocifausmfpdefwkdU &SdMuonf/ ck olwdkU b,fa&mufaeMuNyDvJ/ t*Fvdyfu

olwkdUtm; axmifawGajymif;ajymif;ydkUoGm;&m tdE´d,jynftxd ac:oGm;avrnfvm;/ olwkdU

twGuf uRefawmf rsm;pGm pdk;&drfaMumifhMuaeavonf/ [dkpOfwkef;u tif;pdefaxmifxJrS

xGufvmaom zufqpfqefUusifa&;ac:oHudk olwkdUtm;vkH; oabmwlMuovm;/ ,ck

olwkdU b,fvdk,lqaeMurnfvJ/ ,ck olwdkUb,fvkdvrf;prsm; awGUxm;MuovJ/ ,ck

olwkdU b,fvdknTefMum;rnfvJ/ uRefawmf odcsifprf;ygbd/ olwkdUwpfawGudk vkduf&SmNyD;

ar;csifvS\/ uRefawmfum; zufqpfarSmifxkwGif usa&mufae&mrS tvif;a&mif &Smaeol

aywnf;/

uRefawmf aeUpGJtaotcsmrrSwfrdawmhaom arv\ aeUwpfaeUwGif aeylvSaom aeUv,f

tcsdefü a&wGif;teD; opfyifatmufrSm uRefawmfonf udk<u,fESifh usm;xdk;vsuf

aeavonf/ xdktcdkuf udkwifaz a&mufvmavonf/

udk<u,fu olUusm;udk a&TUvdkufcsdefESifh udkwifaza&mufvmcsdefrSm wpfNydKifeufwnf; jzpfae

avonf/ xdkUaMumifh olonf pum;ajym&ef tm;oGm;av&m udkwifaztm;-

]]rif; vSnf;jzKwfNyD;NyDvm;a[h}}

]][kwfuJU? ckyJ jyefa&mufw,f? jzKwfNyD; jrif;pmauR;xm;cJUNyD; udpö&SdwmeJU 'DudkvmcJUwmyJ}}

- 475 -

odef;azNrifh

uRefawmfum; uRefawmfhusm;udk a&TU&efom pdwful;ae&ojzifh pum;rajymtm;/ udk<u,fu

yif-

]]aMomf rif;u udpöeJU vmcJUwmudk;? udkif; qdkapAsm;}}

]]udkwifxGef;udk pmwpfapmif ay;p&m&SdvdkU}}

uRefawmfonf usm;uGufpdwful; ray:ao;onfESifh ra&TUao;bJ xm;vdkuf&onf/

udkwifaztm; vSrf;MunfhNyD;-

]]b,folu ay;vdkufwmvJ}}

udkwifazu uRefawmfhtm; pmudk vSrf;ay;&if;-

]]'DrSm aeraumif;vdkU aeoGm;wJU OD;BuD;armifqDuav}}

uRefawmfrSm tHUMo0rf;omjzifh ysmysmovJ jzpfoGm;avonf/ OD;BuD;armifrSm wkdUArm

tpnf;t&kH;\ OuúX ocifwifarmif? odkUr[kwf ocifwifarmifBuD;\ emrnf0Suf

jzpfonf/

]]oleJU b,frSmawGUcJUovJ}}

]]tif;pdefbufrSm awGUcJUw,f}}

uRefawmfu ocifwifarmifBuD;\pmudk azmufNyD;zwf&ef vkyfaepOf olu qufajymjyef

avonf/

]]awGUawmh OD;av;jrifhwkdU? udk<u,fwkdUtaMumif; ar;w,f? usef;usef;rmrm &SdMu&JUvm;wJU?

tEÅ&m,fuif; ab;&Sif;Mu&JUvm;wJU/ pum;pyfrdwmeJU usKyfu udkwifxGef;vnf; a&muf

aewJUtaMumif; ajymjyvdkufw,f? 'Dawmh olu 'Dpmudk a&;ay;vdkufwmyJ}}

- 476 -


olu uRefawmf\emrnf0Suf ]nGefUarmif} qdkwmudk okH;NyD; a&;vkdufonf/ olUqD

vmawGU&ef csdef;jcif;jzpf\/ olaexdkifaom awm&ausmif;odkU vmwwfatmif nTefMum;

&Sif;vif;csufrsm;vnf; ygavonf/

udk<u,f-

]]ol wpfacgufrS 'Dbufrvmbl; aeEdkifvdkufwm}}

uRefawmf-

]]vmvdkUrvG,fvdkU jzpfrSmygAsm? rvmcsifvdkUawmh r[kwfEdkifygbl;}}

udkwifazu csufcsif;vdkvdk vSnfhjyefrnfvkyfaomtcg udk<u,fu-

]]jyefawmhrSmvm;uG aeygOD;vm;}}

]]jyefawmhr,fAsm? tdrfrSm tazwpfa,mufwnf;&Sdw,f? oluvnf; uRefawmf jyefa&muf

w,f qdk&ifyJ olUjrif;wyfNyD; vSnf;xGufzkdU vkyfaeNyD}}

udk<u,f-

]]rif;tareJU jrMunfwkdUu b,foGm;MuovJ}}

]]tar&,f? wifa&TwdkUvifr,m;&,f blwm&kHbufoGm;Muw,f? udkNyKH;u blwm&kHrSm tvkyf

jyef&rvdkvdk Mum;wmeJU oGm;MuwmAs? jrMunfawmh aps;oGm;w,fAs}}

udk<u,f-

]]jrMunfwpfa,mufwnf; oGm;wmvm;}}

]][kwfw,fAs}}

- 477 -

odef;azNrifh

udk<u,fhrsufESmwGif pdk;&drfpdwfaMumifh xif[yfvmonf/ olonf a':vkH;wifESifh rnm;cif

uyif jrMunfwkdUtm; *&kwpdkuf apmifha&SmufcJU\/ ckawmh r,m;ygorD;vnf; jzpfjyef?

udkwifaz\r,m;vnf; jzpfvmjyefaomtcg ydkí *&kpdkufvsuf &Sdavonf/

]]'DacwfBuD;rSmuGm? rdef;uav;wpfa,mufwnf; roGm;rvmapeJU[? ysKdysKd tdktdk rxl;bl;[?

iykawG b,favmuf &rf;um;aew,fqdkwm rif; Mum;w,fr[kwfvm;}}

]][kwfw,f? uRefawmf ajymawmhxm;om;yJ? aps;uvnf; odyfra0;vkdU oGm;vdkufwm

xifyg&JU? uJ jyefOD;r,fAsm}}

udkwifaz\ rsufESmESifh trlt&mwkdUwGif pdk;&drfruif;jzpfvmonfrSm odomvS\/

olxGufoGm;aomtcg udk<u,fu usm;udkvufckyfxJrSm vIyf&if;-

]]wkdUjynfuawmh aezdkUawmif raumif;awmhbl;aemf? rif; Mum;vm;? wpfaeUu acG;rom;

wifBuD;u ykvdyftifpydwfawmf OD;wkwfuav;&JU orD;udk awmif;,lwm? uav;ruav;u

tysKdzm;zm;jzpfwmrS rMumao;bl;? uGefAifhausmif;oluav;av}}

]]olUtazu jiif;vdkufzkdUaumif;w,faemf}}

]]b,fhES,fvkyfNyD; jiif;rSmvJ? acG;om;BuD;u OD;wkwfuav;udk t*FvdyfolvQKd *syefUvufxJ

tyfvdkufr,f? bmnmajymNyD; ajrmufvkduf vSdrfhvdkuf vkyfwmudk;/ ykvdyft&m&Sdqdkawmh

t*FvdyfolvQKddvdkU pGyfpJG&if vG,faewmudk;uG? *syefuvnf; ,kHrSmyJ? tzsif;qkH; vufxdyfudk

tyfeJU tqGcH&NyD;om;yJ}}

uRefawmfhrsufpdxJwGif cyfcGifcGifajcESpfacsmif;jzifh cyf,dkif,kdifaxmufxm;aom wkwfcdkif

onfh udk,fcE¨mrS ao;auG;aom vufESpfacsmif; wJGusvsuf&Sdaom touf 40ausmfNyD

jzpfonfh ocifwifBuD;tm; jrifaeavonf/ olUtm; uGefAifhausmif;ol ysKdjzL vSvSEkEk

uav;ESifh ,SOfwGJvsuf uRefawmfhrsufpdrSm xifjrifvm&ef BudK;pm;onf? ratmifjrifacs/

uRefawmfwkdUonf usm;qufrupm;Muawmhay/

- 478 -


aemufwpfaeUeHeufwGif uRefawmfwpfa,mufwnf; ocifwifarmifxHodkU oGm;&ef xGufcJU

avonf/

tif;pdefaxmifBuD;teD;odkU oGm;&\/ NyD;rS vSnf;vrf;uav;wpfckodkU csKd;0if&\/

vSnf;vrf;ab;wGif v,fcif;rsm;ESifh O,smOfNcHrsm; &Sd\/ twefMumaomtcg awmuav;

xJodkU 0if&onf/ 4if;aemuf jAKef;ceJ awm&ausmif;wkdufodkU a&mufoGm;avonf/ NrdKUESifh

wu,fa0;NyD; ]pdyfykwD;ESifh &dyfBuD;cdk&ef} wu,faumif;aom ausmif;wdkufjzpfavonf/

taqmufttkH BuD;BuD;rm;rm; r&Sd/ opfom;ausmif; cyfi,fi,frsm;om &Sdonf/ ]opf

wpfyif&if; 0g;wpfyifatmuf oDwif;oDv aqmufwnf&ef} ae&mrsm;um; aygvS\/

olpdrf;wpfa,muf 0ifoGm;onfqdkvQif vIyfvIyf&G&GjzpfoGm;NyD; odomvSonfhae&mjzpf\/

ocifwifarmifBuD;onf uRefawmfa&mufonfudk csufcsif;odavonf/

ocifwifarmifBuD;u uRefawmfhtm; b,folrQr&Sdaom Z&yfuav;wpfckodkU ac:oGm;

avonf/

xdkifrdvQifyif uRefawmfu-

]]uRefawmf &efukefa&mufa&mufcsif; cifAsm;udk pkHprf;aewmyJAs}}

ocifwifarmifBuD;onf ol\ rlydkiftNyKH;jzifh-

]]b,folrS rodMubl; r[kwfvm;}}

]][kwfuJU b,folrSrodMuygbl; xifw,f/ uRefawmfuvnf; cifAsm;eJU &if;ESD;wJUvl

b,folrSef;rS rodbJ/ wu,fqkdawmhAsm 'DaeUxd uRefawmfawmh &efukefrSm &if;ESD;wJU

&Jabmf&Jbuf b,folUrS rawGU&ao;bl;As}}

]][J [J ckrSyJ &if;ESD;ol awGU&awmhw,faygh}}

]][kwfw,f}}

- 479 -

odef;azNrifh

olu uRefawmfESifh uGJoGm;NyD;onfhaemufrSpí ,ck jyefawGUonftxd olUrSm jzpfysufcJU

wmawGudk ajymjyonf/ wpfygwnf;yif jrefrmjynfwpfjynfvkH; *syefUvufatmufodkU

a&mufcJU&ykHudk ajymoGm;onf/ arv 13&ufaeUu r[mrdwf ppfwyfrsm;onf

jrefrmjynft&yf&yfrS &kyfodrf;NyD;aMumif; aMunmonf[k od&avonf/ uRefawmfuvnf;

ocifwifarmiftm; olESifhuGJNyD;onfh aemufrSpí ,ckjyefawGUonftxd uRefawmfhrSm

jzpfysufwmawG? Armrsm;rSm jzpfysufwmawGudk awGUorQ? BuKHorQ zkH;uG,fjcif;r&SdbJ

ajymjyonf/ wpfygwnf;rSmyif ,cifu ol\ ajrmfjrifcsufwdkUonf ,aeU uRefawmf\

cHpm;csufawGESifh wpfxyfwnf;wlaeaMumif; 0efcHvdkufavonf/

olum; uRefawmf0efcHorQudk NyKH;í em;axmifaeonf/ ]]igrajymbl;vm;uGm}} [laom

<um;0ifhjcif;rsKd; r&Sday/

uRefawmf-

]]tif;pdefaxmifuaeNyD; ajymif;oGm;&wJU wkdUArmtpnf;t&kH; tvkyftrIaqmifvlBuD;awG ck

b,frSmwJUvJ? vdrfhvdrfhvnf;vnf; bmrSrjzpfbl; xifyg&JUaemf}}

olu 0rf;omtm;&pGm ajymonf/

]]tm;vkH; ab;uif;&efuif;wmyJwJUuG/ tif;pdefaxmifuaeNyD; o&uf? NyD;awmh jrif;NcH?

NyD;awmh wcsKdUudk rEÅav;? wcsKdUudk rkH&Gm ajymif;ac:oGm;w,f/ tdE´d,udkawmh ac:roGm;

Edkifawmhbl;/ ocifEk? ocifpdk;wdkU vlpku rEÅav;axmifa&mufrS vGwfMuowJU/ ocif

oef;xGef;? ocifav;armifwkdU vlpkuawmh rkH&GmaxmifusrS vGwfMuowJU}}

]]ocifausmfpdef&JU owif;aumAs}}

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rajymeJU? ocifEk? ocifpdk;eJU ocifausmfpdefwkdUudk axmifuxkwfNyD; w&kwfjynfydkUay;zkdU

pDpOfMuao;owJU/ 'gayrJU ratmifbl;/ *syefawGu oDaygNrdKUudk odrf;vdkufawmh w&kwf-

Armvrf;uaeNyD; xGufr&awmhbl;/ ckawmh b,fenf;eJUrqdk Armjynftjyifa&mufNyD;

r[mrdwfawGeJU tquftoG,f,lzkdU ocifausmfpdef? ocifjroGifeJU udkodef;azwkdU[m

w&kwfwyfeJU vdkufoGm;MuNyDwJU}}

- 480 -


]][kwfvm;? udkodef;azudk uRefawmf rEÅav;rSm awGUcJUao;w,f}}

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- 481 -

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- 482 -


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- 483 -

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- 484 -


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- 485 -

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- 486 -


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- 487 -

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- 488 -


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rnfrQ 0rf;omoenf;/ rnfrQ tm;wufoenf;/ azmfjy&efyif cufavonf/ /

- 489 -

odef;azNrifh

74

ppfra&mufcif jrm;pkjcif;

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,cifwpfaeUuyif pNyD; rkd;&yfae&m xkdnaewGif aerylaomfvnf; cyftdkuftdkufyif

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uRefawmfonf tajy;oGm;NyD; vJusoGm;aom ppfom;qDu aoewfudk ,lvdkuf\/

udkwifazonf tdrfwGif;odkU ajy;0ifavonf/ jrMunftm; rk'drf;usifhaeaom ppfom;onf

touftEÅ&m,fudk jrifojzifh jrMunftm; pGefUcJUum aoewfudk aumufudkifvdkuf

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NyD;om; jzpfaeavonf/ jrMunfum; axmifhwGif csKH;yJGcsum idkaeavonf/ uRefawmfESifh

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uRefawmfonf csufcsif;yif Adkvfat;aiGtm; tac:vTwfvkduf&avonf/ udkwifaztm;

- 490 -


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- 491 -

odef;azNrifh

Adkvfat;aiG-

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oGm;Mu\/

- 492 -


uRefawmfwkdUonf jynfvrf;ay:odkU a&mufvmonf/ bGm;ceJ odef;odef;wkdUtdrfudk awGU&

avonf/

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]]rlqmBuD;}}

- 493 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 494 -


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- 495 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 496 -


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- 497 -

odef;azNrifh

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- 498 -


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rjrrSDonf ckajymaeaom pum;rsm;udk uRefawmfrMum;Mum;atmif ajym[ef&Sdayonf/

]][kwfuJU&Sif? rpöwmwmEdkac: ODwifEG,feJU udpö&SdvdkU tjyifcPvdkufoGm;w,fvkdU

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avorQ rjrrSDtm; rausreyf jzpfaerdavonf/

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olaX;BuD;ESifh ,SOfwGJí um;pD;oGm;cJUonfudk uRefawmf owd&vdkufavonf/ Mo rjrrSD?

cifAsm;uawmh b,folaoao iawrmNyD;a&m qkdwmvdkygyJ/ b,ftcsdeftcgrsKd; b,f

tajctaersKd;rSmjzpfjzpf cifAsm; pD;yGm;a&;tvkyfuawmh rSefrSefoGm;aewmyJ/

- 499 -

odef;azNrifh

cifAsm;rSm cifAsm;&JU ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; pD;yGm;a&;rS vGJNyD; iJUnSmp&m tjcm;udpö

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jcif;rS a0;vdkonf/

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]]rpm;MuygpkdUeJUAsm? oGm;MuygpdkU? 'DtdrfrSm raeawmhbl;}}

udkwifazu tHUMoaeavonf/

- 500 -


]] tdk bmaMumifhvJ}}

uRefawmfu &kwfw&uf rajzaomtcg udkwifazu xyfar;\/

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oGm;zdkU tBuHay;avonf/

]][m rapmifhawmhygbl;Asm}}

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b,fokdU oGm;Murnfenf;/

ocifwifarmifaeaom awm&ausmif;udk &kwfw&uf owd&avonf/

]]uRefawmfwkdU tif;pdefbufxd vrf;avQmufoGm;r,f? b,fhES,fvJ}}

- 501 -

odef;azNrifh

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wifBuD;u a[majymavonf/

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avonf/

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tuRwfuRwf &if0wftuGmuGmeJU aoajy;&Sifajy; qkwfcGmMu&w,f}} y&dowfu vufckyf

wD;Muonf/

- 502 -


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- 503 -

odef;azNrifh

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ruJGao;/

- 504 -


okdUaomf uRefawmfwdkUESpfa,mufonf tm;wuf&Tifvef;pGmjzifhyif csDwufoGm;aeMuav

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csDwufMujcif; jzpfayownf;/ /

odef;azjrifh

(NyD;ygNyD/)

- 505 -

a shay ka nay wun htwat the pa mar 2

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