a short review of landscape genetics: a spatially-heterogeneous dispersal process: paradox of...
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A short review oflandscape genetics:
A spatially-heterogeneousdispersal process:
Paradox of fragmentation
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ReferencesLandscape geneticsManel et al. (2003) Landscape genetics: combining landscape ecology and population genetics. Trends Ecol Evol 18:189–197Special feature in Mol Ecol (2012)Manel et al. (2013) Ten years of landscape genetics. Trends Ecol Evol 28:614–621
Isolation by resistance and circuit theoryWright (1943) Isolation by distance. Genetics 28:114–138Slatkin (1993) Isolation by distance in equilibrium and nonequilibrium populations. Evolution 47:264–279McRae (2006) Isolation by resistance. Evolution 60: 1551–1561
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A spatially-heterogeneousdispersal process:
Paradox of fragmentation
Frequent, slow, and short dispersal in habitats
Rare, fast, and long dispersal in a matrix
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A heterogeneous dispersal process can be equal to a homogeneous
pattern of an equilibrium flow
Different capacity and velocity
flow = capacity*velocity
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A spatially-heterogeneous differentiation/migration pattern
Populations in a landscape
Pair-wise genetic distances
Different intercepts and slopes in isolation-by-distance (IBD)
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Three steps in landscape genetics
Migrationbetween populations in the habitats
Resistances inferred from landscape elements
Currents between habitats in a circuit
GISNiche modeling
Circuit theoryLeast-cost path
Test/Model
selectionPopulation genetics
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Can resistances in a circuit create local migration in habitats and global migration in a matrix?
Local, distance-dependent migration in habitats
Global, distance-independent migration in a matrix
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IBD of local migration in habitats and global migration in a matrix
Genetic distances in habitats and a matrix
More gentle slopes and higher intercepts of IBD in the matrix than in the habitats
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Distances and resistancesalong least-cost paths on a circuit
IBD of distances and resistances along least-cost paths (LCPs) on the circuit
A circuit with resistances (r = 1) and populations in a habitat
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Habitats divided by a matrix zone: the matrix increases an intercept
The matrix increases an intercept of LCPs through the matrix
Habitats(r = 1) and a matrix(r = 2) parallel to each other in a linear shape
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A corridor connecting habitats reduces an intercept
The corridor reduces an intercept to LCPs in the habitats
A corridor (r = 1) connects habitats
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A highway connecting habitats more reduces an intercept
The highway reduces an intercept less than LCPs in the habitats
A highway (r = 1/2) connects habitats
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A corridor and a highway reduce intercepts but do not reduce slopes
Global migration with gentle slopes in a matrix cannot be created
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A corridor parallel to habitats does not affect IBD
The corridor does not affect IBD of LCPs
A corridor (r = 1) parallel to habitats
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A highway parallel to habitats reduces a slope
The highway reduces slopes of LCPs through the matrix
A highway (r = 1/2) parallel to habitats
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Highways connecting habitats and parallel to them affect IBD differently
A highway parallel to habitats creates global migration in a matrix
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Does a highway parallel to habitats really exist in a matrix?
Hetero-geneous resistances in a matrix
A different dispersal process in a homo-geneous matrix
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Resistances by circuit theory depend on positions in a circuit
Habitat Matrix C. corridor
C. highway P. corridor P. highway
Circles: within the same side; crosses: between different sides
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Resistances by circuit theory decrease as
circuit size increases
Circles: within the same side; crosses: between different sides
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Least-cost paths and circuit theory in
landscape genetics may fail to express a
spatially-heterogeneous
dispersal process in a homogeneous matrix