a sore in the lining of your stomach or duodenum (upper part of small intestine)
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Hydrochloric acid and pepsin proteins overcome mucous membrane
Helicobacter pylori NSAIDs Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Self-care Medical
oAntacidsoHistamine (H2) blockersoAcid pump inhibitors (Proton pump inhibitors)
oProtective agentsoAntibiotics
Medical (cont.)o Sucralfateo Misoprostolo Dual Therapyo Triple Therapyo Quadruple Therapy (Bismuth Triple Therapy)
Surgeryo Vagotomyo Antrectomyo Pyloroplastyo Tying off an artery
New treatmentso Laparoscopic methods
Ileitis & enteritis, more commonly known as Crohn’s disease
Inflammation of any part of the gastrointestinal tract (from mouth to anus)
Entire tissue affected or patches of disease tissue among healthy tissues
20% have some blood relative with bowel disease
All ages and all genders Jews have highest risk while African
Americans have the lowest risk 2 million people in the United States
suffer from Crohn’s disease
All theories, nothing proven Immune system not functioning
properly Reactions to antigens in the
environment (allergy) An over production of a protein
called anti-tumor necrosis which causes inflammation
Inherited genes
Abdominal pain, often in lower right area
Diarrhea Rectal Bleeding Weight loss Skin problems Children who suffer from Crohn’s
disease have delayed development and stunted growth
Anthony was diagnosed with Crohn’s when he was 6
Small tears called fissures develop Tunnels called fistulas are created Blockages and Obstruction Sores and ulcers in the areas around the
surrounding areas (reproductive system, bladder, skin)
Deficiencies of nutrients Inflammation of eyes and mouth Kidney stones and gallstones Increased chances of small and large
intestinal cancer
Visual exam of the colon-sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy
Upper GI series Blood tests CT or CAT scan of the
intestines
Disease cannot be cured =( Drugs
Reduce the inflammation (sulfasalazine and corticosteroids)
Suppress the immune system (Purinethol and Imuran)
Antibiotics relives some symptoms (Lomotil and flagtl
SurgeryRelieve symptoms that do not respond to
drugsDiseased tissue is removed and the healthy
tissue is reattachedNarrowed intestines are widened or
stretched to relieve obstruction
DietEat well to replace lost/not absorbed
nutrientsAvoid the foods that trigger symptomsIncrease intake of fruits and vegetables
and reduce sugar/fat intakeHigh fiber diets, but careful if intestinal
blockageAvoid dairy products, fats, and spicy food
(typically make symptoms worse)
Identified 21 new genes associated with the inflammatory bowel diseaseCompared more than 3,800 Crohn’s patientsInvolved the genes regarding the immune’s
initial response to pathogensInternational Team (USA, UK, &
France/Belgium Interleukin-11
Anti-inflammatory agent and potent growth factor that aids in healing process
Northwestern University, USA
Sensitivity to medication
Portal hypertension Varices Insulin resistance
and Type II Diabetes Liver Cancer Problems in other
organs
Cannot be reversed, but treatments can stop or delay further progression
If caused by alcohol: abstain from alcohol
If caused by hepatitis: interferon and corticosteroids
Remedies for complicationsLow sodium diets (Edema/Ascites) Antibiotic (Infection)Low protein diet/laxatives (Toxins
in brain/blood)Blood pressure medication (Portal
Hypertension)Clotting agent/Rubber band
ligation (Varices)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease or acid reflux
Stomach acid backs up into the esophagus and damages the tissue
Reflux of stomach’s contents normally do get into the esophagus, BUT GERD patients have more acidic stomach contents that linger longer
The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) muscle fails to shut or opens more often than it should
Hiatal Hernia prevents LES from closing
Defective wave of esophageal contractions
Slow emptying of the stomach
Frequent heartburn or pain in chest and stomach
Vomiting Belching Bitter or sour taste in mouth Difficulty swallowing Sore throat Coughing/Wheezing
SYMPTOMS ARE WORST AT NIGHT!
Endoscopy Barium Esophagram Esophageal pH
monitoring The doctor looks for
Ulcers/damaged esophagus lining
EsophagitisNarrowing of the
esophagusAspiration pneumoniaBronchitis
Lifestyle changes Antacids Histamine
antagonists Proton pump
inhibitors Pro-motility drugs Foam barriers Surgery
EndoscopyStitching the area of the lower sphincterApplication of radio waves to the lower
part of the esophagusInjection of materials into the area of the
LES and put pressure
Researched links to GERDAsthma patients have a high risk of
developing GERD (Houston, Texas)IBS patients have a higher risk of
developing GERD or already had GERD (Madrid, Spain)
Relationship between quality of life (poor nutritional foods, little to no exercise, and poor living conditions) and the percentage of GERD patients (Molndal, Sweden)