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Article Citation: Suhad Y. Jassim and Hind Dyia Hadi Isolation and identification of blood parasites of quail in Baghdad area Journal of Research in Ecology (2018) 6(1): 1589-1592
Isolation and identification of blood parasites of quail in Baghdad area
Keywords: Blood parasites, Plasmodium, Quail, Middle of Iraq.
Authors:
Suhad Y. Jassim and
Hind Dyia Hadi
Institution:
Iraq Natural History
Research Center and
Museum, Bab Al-Muadham,
University of Baghdad, Iraq.
Corresponding author:
Suhad Y. Jassim
Web Address:
http://ecologyresearch.info/
documents/EC0548.pdf
ABSTRACT: 20 specimens of the quail bird belonging to the family Phasianidae were collected from different and random areas of Baghdad city (central Iraq) for the period between February-May 2017 were examined for blood parasite. Only one genus, the Plasmodium sp. was identified in 10 samples with 50% infection rate.
Dates: Received: 28 Feb 2018 Accepted: 16 March 2018 Published: 27 April 2018
1589-1592 | JRE | 2018 | Vol 6 | No 1
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INTRODUCTION
According to the fourth national report of the
convention on biological diversity, it has been con-
firmed that the list of Iraqi birds includes 417 bird spe-
cies, 118 of them are migratory birds (Anonymous,
2010), among these birds is the quail Coturnix coturnix
which belongs to the order of Galliformes and Phasiani-
dae family which are heavily deployed in Iraqi territory.
Quail is a bird used in productive-economic projects, its
size is small with long wings and short tail and its origi-
nal home is Japan (Mahdi and Georg, 1969; Ghani et
al., 2008). The quail is a wild bird that can migrate and
fly from place to place and then return to its homeland
(Shanaway, 1994). Studies on the blood parasites of
birds, especially quail, were very few in relation to the
large diversity of bird populations in the local and for-
eign environment (Jasim, 2006; Youssef and Mansour,
2014). Among those studies (Shamsuddin and Moham-
mad, 1981) which is considered one of the first studies
that concern the parasites of blood in Iraqi birds, many
studies are done as follows Mohammad, (1990, 1991
and 1996), (Mohammad, 2012; Islam et al., 2013; Bahar
et al., 2014; Peterson, 2007; Bradley et al., 2004). The
aim of this work is to isolate and diagnose the parasites
that affect the quail blood located in the city of Baghdad
(central of Iraq).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Adult birds (20) of quail were collected from
different areas of Baghdad governorate (center of Iraq)
from February to May 2017 were caught alive by the
bird hunting nets. The birds were ethically handled and
brought to the laboratory, blood was obtained by mak-
ing a small wound in the wing vein (peripheral blood)
and without harming the bird, a thin smear is done and
left to dry, then the smear is fixed by absolute methanol,
stained with Giemsa's stain for an hour, wash with tap
water and leave to dry, the blood film is then examined
by a compound microscope on the oil lens (100x) to
check for parasites and identification of the types, the
slide is imaged using digital camera (Infinity lite-K 100)
attached to the compound microscope (Micros MCX
100) (Bennett and Campbell, 1972; Mohammad, 1991).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The bird used in the current study is quail and,
as mentioned previously, it is a migratory bird and
widely present in Iraq. As a result of this work, only one
of the protozoan parasites genus; Plasmodium sp
(Figure 1 a and b) was found in ten of the samples from
a total of 20 birds samples of quail with an infection rate
of 50%, this result is consistent with the findings of
(Mohammed, 2012) but the infection rate was very low
compared to the current study, (Mohammad et al.,
2001) also, the percentage of infection was very low,
Shamsuddin and Mohammad, (1981) recorded the pres-
ence of plasmodium in addition to two new species-first
recorded in Iraq but with lower infection when they
studied blood parasites in Iraqi birds, Shaapan et al.
(2011) found Cryptosporidium sp in fecal and serum
Jassim and Hadi, 2018
1590 Journal of Research in Ecology (2018) 6(1): 1589-1592
Figure 1. Plasmodium sp
a b
samples from native quails. This indicates that
Plasmodium sp affects almost all types of domestic and
wild birds in the world, especially migratory birds be-
cause of their movement from area to another and gets
infected with many diseases viz., viral, bacterial, parasit-
ic and sometimes infected with new species of parasites
according to the area migrated from them and also ac-
cording to the presence of carrier that transmits the dis-
ease (Youssef and Mansour, 2014; Wettere, 2018). The
infection rate in this study is significant compared to
other studies. As is known, randomly collecting samples
in any experiment helps to obtain good results and this
is what happened in this work too. The biological diver-
sity of the Iraqi environment is also another cause of the
infections. The absence of other species of parasites in
this study is an evidence of the presence of plasmodium
only in this region and this time specifically.
CONCLUSION
From this work it can be concluded that
Coturnix coturnix belonging to the family Phasianidae
is infected with many blood parasites, especially
Plasmodium which affects wild and domestic birds, A
total of 20 bird were sampled in which, 10 of them
were infected with Plasmodium sp with a (50%) infec-
tion rate. Studies on blood parasites of birds in general
and on quail specially are few, so in the future it is
possible to expand the studies in this line, As well as
studying the pathological and physiological effects of
parasites on birds.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I extend my thanks and appreciation to everyone
who contributed to this work. I especially mention my
professor Mohammad K. Mohammad who has been
credited with diagnosing parasites. I am also thankful to
Hind Dyia Hadi, assistant lecturer and Khalida Ibrahim
Hasson, assistant researcher who contributed effectively
to the collection of samples and work slides.
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