a study of causes of students’ absenteeism in d.e.i. educational institutions in agra (ellora,...

A study of causes of students’ absenteeism in D.E.I.

Educational Institutions in Agra (Ellora, Agra City, and Adanbagh Education Centers)

A Project

Submitted by:-

Amar Shakti Kumar

B.Com (Hons.) Vth sem

12D064

Under The Supervision of :-

Mr. S.P. Bhanot

Certificate

This is certify that the report entitled “A study of causes of students’ absenteeism in D.E.I.

Educational Institutions in Agra

” Submitted by AMAR SHAKTI KUMAR, to the Ellora study centre, Faculty of commerce.

Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, for the partial fulfillment of the degree of

“BACHELOR OF COMMERCE” in commerce, is a research work carried out by him, under my

supervision, further; this work has not been submitted for award of any other degree.

Name: - Sant Prasad Bhanot

(Project Supervisor)

B.Com Incharge,

Ellora Study Centre

Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A student is like a pearl diver in search of treasure, in the ocean of

knowledge. For research studies, even sky is not the limit, but a researcher tries to get as much as possible.”

To start with a hymn of thanks to God for his blessings was and isalways with me to overcome any difficulty.This is to acknowledge my sincere, humble and deepest sense of gratitude towards my guide

respected Mr. S.P. Bhanot and Mr. Shivam mathur. His guidance,expert suggestions and moral support

during course of investigation has helped me to complete this project successfully. It‟s my pleasure to avail this golden opportunity to express my sincere

thanks to Mr. S.P. Bhanot.I am grateful To all the staff members and my dear classmates.

DECLARATION

I, Amar Shakti Kumar, hereby declare that the project entitled “A study of causes of students’

absenteeism in D.E.I. Educational Institutions in Agra” is my own work and that, to the best

of my knowledge and has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the

university or other institute of higher learning, expect where due acknowledgement has been

made in the text.

AMAR SHAKTI KUMAR

DATE:

ABSTRACT

After research I have been found the causes of absenteeism and I have given suggestions for

decrease it.

The causes of absenteeism are:-

1) Students don’t like timing of the class.

2) Students not interested in particular subject.

3) They don’t like instructor.

The entire study is based on primary data which have collected by filling questioner by all three

study centers Students of B.com I Agra.

CONTENTS

Chapter-1

1 Introduction

Need of the study

Objective of the study

Limatation of the study Research methodology

2 Chapter-2

Review of literature

3 Chapter-3 Brief history of Distance education Centers

4 Chapter-4

Data analysis and Interpretation

Findings

Suggestions

Conclusion

5 Biblography

6 Questioner copy

A study of causes of students’ absenteeism 2014

1

CHAPTER- 1

Sr. no. Content

1 Introduction 2 Need of the study 3 Objective of the study 4 Limitation of the study

5 Research methodology


2

Introduction

The study of absenteeism is very important for any universities, colleges, schools.

The word absenteeism means the absence of student from class when he is

scheduled to be present at university. When teacher has no information in

advance, that the student will not reputed for class if he has taken leave to which

he is entitled or on ground of sickness or in case of accident. Thus absence may

authorized or unauthorized willful or caused by circumstance beyond teacher's

control.

Absenteeism from lectures by the students appears to be a serious problem that

seems to transcend and defile all the strategies by the university authorities and

lecturers’ efforts to curb it. Investigators reported the magnitude of this

phenomenon and its consequences on the students’ immediate academic

achievement and future application of skills since students are active participants

in their learning experiences and must take responsibility for achieving their

potentials through successful completion of each stage of their studies, it is

common therefore to see many universities coming up with various measures to

ensure students’ attendance at lectures in accordance with their commitments to

encourage and help the students to achieve their potentials to the maximum

capability in their studies and in developing lifelong skills and competencies.

Attendance is a key component in students’

“Many factors can contribute to student absenteeism. Family health or financial

concerns, poor school climate, drug and alcohol use, transportation problems, and

differing community attitudes towards education are among the conditions that are

often associated with a student’s frequent absence from university”


3

Need of the study:-

Student absenteeism is a major issue in public education. Concerted efforts

have been expended aimed at engaging students and promoting active learning,

but university are still full of “clock-watchers” Many high scholars regularly skip

classes. Student absenteeism is a major concern for lecturers at institutions of

higher learning. Absences create a dead, tiresome, unpleasant classroom

environment that makes students who come to class uncomfortable and the

lecturer irritable (Marburger 2001).

Absenteeism disturbs the dynamic teaching-learning environment and

adversely affects the overall well-being of classes (Segal 2008). In quality terms,

absenteeism is a waste of educational resources, time and human potential.

Student absenteeism also causes rework and wasted time for lecturers (Lalek

1995; Rumberger 1997). Lecturers who spend class time re-teaching lessons take

instructional time away from students who attend class regularly, and the extra

time spent going over absentee homework and class assignments takes time

away from lecturer planning periods and time needed to provide individual

assistance (Weller 1996). When students are absent from class, they miss

valuable information resulting from peer-lecturer interaction and the benefits of the

specific examples lecturers use to clarify difficult concepts.

Objectives of the study:-

To find out root cause of Absenteeism among three study centers in Agra To find out remedies for the students’ Absenteeism.

Limitations of the Study:-

This study has involved only B.Com Students of three study centers in Agra for the

year 2014-15


4

Research methodology:-

For achieving the purpose of the study has been based on primary data.

a) Sources of data:

The study has been based on primary data. Data regarding causes of

students’ absenteeism has been collected from the survey of a study on

causes of students’ absenteeism and with the help of survey.

b) Presentation:

Graphs and tables have been used for the purpose of presentation of study.

(c) Details of statistical tools used:

After the survey I have calculated the causes of students absentees in the

study centres hase been use for analysis and interpretation.

Percentage,

graphs,

charts.


5

CHAPTER-2

REVIEW OF LETERATURE


6

Review of Literature:-

sr. Author Year findings Discription

The University of Oxford

1991 The University of Oxford suggests that students should sign a legally binding contract requiring them to attend lectures and tutorials, complete written work and attend practical lessons

2 Daniel R.Marburger 2001 relationship between absenteeism and student performance.

- Absent from class will effect their grade.- (Age, GPA attempted) to control for student’s maturity and dedication. A student who missed a given class period was significantly more likely to respond incorrectly to multiple-choice exam questions corresponding.

Sarah Moore*, Claire Armstrong and Jill

Pearson

2008 Lecture absenteeism

among students in higher education: a

valuable Route to understanding

student motivation

The reasons associated with lecture absenteeism among student groups could shed significant light on student motivation levels and orientations in university settings. Paying attention to the rationales for lecture absence provided by students themselves could also help institutions to diagnose levels of student engagement and respond in appropriate ways. This study demonstrates these assertions by engaging in a critical analysis of the evidence linking lecture attendance and academic performance, using a qualitative analysis of student accounts of their absenteeism. It argues that innovative approaches to higher education would benefit from the extension and development of this kind of inquiry.

Shaini Jaura To Study The

Reasons Of Absenteeism Of XI StdStudent And

Find Out The Remedies

Education is not merely the delivery of knowledge, skills and information fromteachers to students. what is really important about being and becoming educated. Beingan educated person means you have access to optimal states of mind regardless of thesituation you are in. You are able to perceive accurately, think clearly and act effectively toachieve self-selected goals and aspirations

Barlow, Joyce;Fleischer, Stephanie

Student Absenteeism: Whose Responsibility?

Internationally there is concern about levels of student absenteeism. Researchunderpinning this article consisted of a survey of academic staff and 25 interviews withfirst year students in a well regarded "new" university in Britain. The article explores theissue of poor attendance and why a significant number of students seem to have difficultyin engaging fully with their

http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/simpleSearch.jsp?_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&_urlType=action&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=au&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=%22Barlow+Joyce%22

http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/simpleSearch.jsp?_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&_urlType=action&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=au&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=%22Barlow+Joyce%22

http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/simpleSearch.jsp?_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&_urlType=action&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=au&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=%22Fleischer+Stephanie%22

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http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/recordDetails.jsp?searchtype=keyword&pageSize=10&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=absenteeism++at+college&eric_displayStartCount=1&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=kw&_pageLabel=RecordDetails&objectId=0900019b8047e132&accno=EJ935267&_nfls=false

http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/recordDetails.jsp?searchtype=keyword&pageSize=10&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=absenteeism++at+college&eric_displayStartCount=1&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=kw&_pageLabel=RecordDetails&objectId=0900019b8047e132&accno=EJ935267&_nfls=false


7

studies in order to become critical and autonomous learners.We look at the role of government policy, institutions, educators, students, schools and parents.

Three South African Universities(Newman

Wadesango and Severino MachingambiAbstract)

Causes and Structural

Effects of Student Absenteeism

The aim of the study was to investigate the extent of student absenteeism inselected

universities in South Africa, explore the reasons why student absent themselvesfrom classes and examine the implications of

student absenteeism. The study adopted the mixed methodology and used a survey

research designas the operational framework for data gathering. Data were collected by self administeredquestionnaires

and interviews with one hundred and twenty-six students from threeuniversities in South

Africa. The study revealed that student absenteeism is rampant in theuniversities under study due to reasons such as: lack of

subject interest, poor teachingstrategies by lecturers, unfavourable learning

environment, too much socialization, part-time jobs to augment meagre bursaries granted by various sponsors and poor

relations withthe lecturers. The study also found an inverse relationship between

student absenteeism and course performance

Karen Dupre Jacobs,

William Allan Kritsonis, PhD

An Analysis of

Teacher and Student Absenteeism in Urban

School

This article addresses an analysis of current

literature on employee and studentabsenteeism and seeks to provide

key recommendations that may yield higher levels of attendance and student achievement in urban school districts. It

hones on the idea thateducational leaders must be cognizant of the factors relating to

absenteeism and its costto the educational community at large. Additionally, examples of employee incentivesand elements of

effective student truancy plans are recommended that may aide incurtailing

student and teacher absenteeism rate for the district

J.R. Rodgers - The sensitivity of - The availability of panel data allows the use


8

Department of Economics

University of Wollongong

the attendance coefficient to the

exclusion from the data set of students with atypically low

levels of attendance

of methodology that takes account of heterogeneity among students in

unobservable variables that effect both attendance and student performance. - Absenteeism also likely to affect’s student’s

propensity to attend class leading to an upward bias in estimates of effect of

attendance on performance obtained from regression analysis.

Carlos Dobkin, Richard Gil*, Justin

Marion Economic

Department, Us Santa Cruz, United States

- A commonly encountered

problem in the literature is difficulty

in disentangling the causal effect of class attendance

from unobserved factor’s such as

student’s intrinsic motivation or interest

. Students do not respond to mandatory attendance to teaching assistant sections

and homework performance. - The mandatory attendance policy is on the

whole a positive factor in student’s academic achievement.

ABSENTEEISM,

REPETITION AND SILENT

EXCLUSION IN INDIA

2002 ABSENTEEISM,

REPETITION AND SILENT

EXCLUSION IN INDIA

Many children who are nominally enrolled do

not attend regularly. School attendance is a

critical factor for performance. Studies show that higher

attendance is related to higher achievement for

students of all backgrounds

Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education

and Research (JIPMER),

Pondicherry, India.

Student absenteeism in a rural aria in

Tamilnadu

A common cause of school absenteeism observed in the present study was social functions at home and in the community.

Children were often asked to stay at home to help or to escort female members of the

family to neighbouring villages to attend some functions. This points to a lack of discipline among not only children but also

elders and the priortization of social customs over education.


9

CHAPTER-3

Brief history of Distance education Centers


10

Brief History of D.E.I Distance education Centers.

The Distance Education programme of DEI was launched in the year 2004 to

extend the benefits of its high quality innovative, and value-based education to all

sections of society, especially the weaker sections and women residing in remote,

backward and tribal areas. Aimed towards their empowerment and economic

development, a number of employment-oriented vocational programmes are

offered with very nominal fees.

In addition to these, higher level degree/diploma programmes are also offered.

Most of the programmes offered are recognized by the Distance Education Council

(DEC) of IGNOU. Presently, the distance education programmes are offered at 85

Study Centres in India and 6 abroad. Well-equipped laboratories, workshops and

state-of-the-art communication technology including EDUSAT satellite-interactive

terminals/Polycom based internet connectivity provide two-way interaction

between the DEI and its Study Centres. The Distance Education Programme

adopts a Blended Mode of education with a mix of traditional face to face

interaction (3 hours per day and 6 days in a week) and e-education. Some of the

programmes are taught via the synchronous on-line mode and some are web-

based.


11

.

CHAPTER-4

Sr. no. contents

1 Data analysis and Interpretation

2 Findings

3 Suggestions

4 Conclusion


12

DATA ANALYSIS INTERPRETAION

GENDER TOTAL NO. OF MALE AND FEMALE

MALE 29

FEMALE 37

AGE persons

17- 19 27

20-23 39

24-25

Q No. Who do you think has ultimate responsibility for ensuring absenteeism?

Answere no. No. of students

1 36

2 16

3 7

4 11

DISTANCE OF

COLLEGE FROM

RESIDENCE

No. of students

Blew 1 km. 2

1-5 Km. 37

6-10 Km. 16

10-15 Km. 7

15-20 Km. 2

Above 20 Km. 2


13

Q no. 4 On average, how often are you absent from a class?

Answere no. No. of students

Never. 8

1 - 3 times / semester. 27

4 - 6 times / semester. 18

More than 6 times / semester 13

Do you think that absence from the class will affect student’s academic performance?

subjects No. of students Yes 43

No 22

Possible causes Definitely a causes

2 3 4 5

You are not able to cope with students 7 10 4 2

You have behavioral and/or emotional

problems that interfere with learning.

17 5 2 3

You have inadequate health care, and so

are often sick.

17 8 4 6

You are not motivated 8 6 2 4

You do not feel safe and secure at the

college.

9 5 1 3

Negative events at home life interfering

with learning.

16 12

6 3

You are not interested in a particular

subject

18 11 9 3

You do not like the instructor 16 4 9 3

You do not like the timing of the class 13 6 8 17


14

Program We already have a program like this?

Yes No

Friendly and mutually respectful lecturer/ student relationship

42 21

Smaller class sizes (about 30 students)

51 15

Establish a program of constantly emphasizing the benefits of

attending class to students

45 23


15

According to above pie chart students responcible for absent from the class is students

themselves

44%

56%

Total male and female involves in this research :-

44% male students

56% female students

48%

24%

10%

17%

Responsibility for ensuring absenteeism is

48% Students themselves

24% Friends

10% Family

17% Lacturers


16

According to above graph 50 to 60 % students come from 1 to 5 km. for study so 15 to 20 or

above 20 km.far living students can be resion for absentiessm.

According to above pie chart 41% students absent from the class 1 to 3 times per

semester

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

blew 1 km. 1 to 5 km. 6 to 10 km. 10 to 15 km. 15 to 20 km. Above 20 km.

Distance of College from Residence

12%

41%27%

20%

On average, students are often absent from a class

Never

1-3 times / semester

4-6 times/ semestrer

more than 6 times / semester


17

According the above table all degrees highest on the top of the graph that is Students don’t like

timing of the class.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Not able to cope with students

Bhevioral and emotional problems

Inadequate health care

Not motivated

Not feel safe secure at the college

Negative events at home

Not Intrested in particular subject

Don’t like the Instructor

don’t like timing of the class

degree 5

degree 4

degree 3

degree 2


18

According to above graph more students has been said- yes we have already have a program

like this from that students which has been said -no, we have not a program like this, so here all

facilities is already in D.E.I. study centers.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Frindly and mutually

lecturer/ student

relationship

smaller class size establish a program of

constantly

emphasizing the

benefits of attending

class to students

no, we have not a

program like thisyes, we have already

have a program like this


19

FINDINGS:-

After analysis and interpretation found some causes which is written blew:-

4) Students don’t like timing of the class.

5) Students are not interested in particular subject.

6) They don’t like instructor.

Above given the causes of absenteeism from three study centers in Agra.

Other causes:-

1) Inadequate health care.

2) Negative events at home.

SUGGESTIONS:-

According to findings my suggestion on first cause (Students don’t like timing of the class.) for

solving this problem they should be change the timing of the class. Normally the timing of the

class is 7:30 to 11:00 Am. If we changed the absenteeism will go decrease.

My next suggestion

According to findings my suggestion on second cause (Students not interested in particular

subject). If students not interested in particular subject means they are not good in particular

subject, because their base is too weak. So institutions should provide extra classes for that

particular subject.

According to findings my suggestion on third cause (They don’t like instructor.) means they have

some problem with that instructor means ineffective lectures, not able cope with students, so

students can give application for change that instructor .

Other causes we cannot interfere in personal matter.


20

CONCLUSION:-

We cannot fully control on students absenteeism but we can decrease it,

But everybody knows that D.E.I. currently apply rule: - Attendance is must to sittings in the

examination room. After this application of rule absenteeism will not accrue expect of

emergency.

It is compulsory for the students to be regular in dei,because numbers are counted for the

regular attendance , according to this every subject contains some numbers for attendance ,

this affects the over all percentage of the students. But according to students some students are

doing jobs , or other courses due to this they do not attend the college daily . Some students

said that the timings of college are not suitable for them.


21

Bibliography:-

Websites

www.dei.ac.in

www .freepatentsonline.com

www.ceep.indiana.edu

www.wikipidia.com

www.tandfonline.com

www.articles.sun-sentinel.com

www.My3q.com

http://www.wikipidia.com/

http://www.tandfonline.com/

http://www.articles.sun-sentinel.com/

http://www.my3q.com/