a study of endocrine disrupting compounds in wastewater arthur ho spacegrant mentor: dr. bob arnold...
DESCRIPTION
USGS Surface Water Reconnaissance (Kolpin et al., 2002) 139 Sites 95 Compounds Comparison of 4 Compounds: Compound (Use and Effect)C MAX (µg/L)Days to Med Dose Caffeine (stimulant) x 10 3 (Excedrin Migraine) Ibuprofen(anti-inflammatory) (Motrin) 17α-ethinyl estradiol (oral contraceptive) (Alesse-21) 17β-estradiol (vertebrate hormone) (Phoenix)5.3 x 10 3 (Activella) 4-nonylphenol (surfactant metabolite) 40 (Tucson)4.6 x as estrogenic E 2, EE 2TRANSCRIPT
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A Study of Endocrine A Study of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Disrupting Compounds in
WastewaterWastewaterArthur HoArthur Ho
Spacegrant Mentor: Dr. Bob ArnoldSpacegrant Mentor: Dr. Bob ArnoldChemical and Environmental Chemical and Environmental
EngineeringEngineeringUniversity of ArizonaUniversity of Arizona
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Effects in AnimalsEffects in Animals
Kidd et al., 2007
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USGS Surface Water ReconnaissanceUSGS Surface Water Reconnaissance(Kolpin (Kolpin et alet al., 2002)., 2002)
• 139 Sites• 95 Compounds
Comparison of 4 Compounds:Compound (Use and Effect) CMAX (µg/L) Days to Med Dose
• Caffeine (stimulant) 5.7 5.7 x 103 (Excedrin Migraine)
• Ibuprofen (anti-inflammatory) 1.0 105 (Motrin)
• 17α-ethinyl estradiol (oral contraceptive) 0.27 37 (Alesse-21)
• 17β-estradiol (vertebrate hormone) 0.093 (Phoenix) 5.3 x 103 (Activella)
• 4-nonylphenol (surfactant metabolite) 40 (Tucson) 4.6 x 10-4 as estrogenic E2, EE2
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Examples of Estrogenic Examples of Estrogenic CompoundsCompounds
Chemical Structure Molecular Weight
Log Kow Relative Estrogenic
Activity(YES bioassay)
17-estradiol (E2)
272.39
3.94
1.0
17-ethinyl estradiol (EE2)
296.40 4.15 1.32
Estrone (E1)270.37 3.43 0.20
Estriol (E3)288.39 2.81 0.01
Nonylphenol (NP)
220.35 4.48 2×10-4
Octylphenol (OP)
206.33 4.12 3×10-4
Bisphenol A (BPA)
228.29 3.40 8×10-5
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Estrogenic Activity at JWPCPEstrogenic Activity at JWPCP
Effluent: 0.12 mols EE2 equivalents/day
Dewatered Cake: 0.26 mols EE2
equivalents /day
Influent:1.66 mols EE2
equivalents/day
Removal of estrogenic activity through the whole treatment plant = [1.656 – (0.1178 + 0.26)] / 1.656 = 77%
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Cytoplasm
E
R
R E
E
Cytoplasm
= Estrogen
= Receptor
Yeast Estrogen/Androgen Screen
R
hER/hAR
-gal
CPRGyellow
CPRred
RE
lac-z
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Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) AssayYeast Estrogen Screen (YES) Assay
17- Ethinylestradiol
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
1.E-13 1.E-12 1.E-11 1.E-10 1.E-09 1.E-08 1.E-07 1.E-06
Molar concentration in well
A 570
nm -
A 630
nm
EC50=1.1 x 10-10 M
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Cytoplasm
E
R
R E
E
Cytoplasm
= Estrogen
= Receptor
Yeast Estrogen/Androgen Screen
R
hER/hAR
-gal
CPRGyellow
CPRred
RE
lac-z
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AgonismAgonism
Anti-estrogens: Mechanism of Anti-estrogens: Mechanism of ActionAction
AntagonismAntagonismR E R A
RE
RA
-gal
No protein production
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Tamoxifen is an Anti-Tamoxifen is an Anti-estrogenestrogen
•Known anti-estrogens: (hydroxy) tamoxifen, chlorinated hormones,
•Known anti-androgens: 4-,4’-DDE, flutamide
0102030405060708090
100
1.00E-07 1.00E-06 1.00E-05
Tamoxifen concentration (M)
Perc
ent R
elat
ive
Est
roge
nic
Act
ivity
1 nM EE2TXFN + 1 nM EE2
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MethodsMethods Obtaining Wastewater samplesObtaining Wastewater samples Extraction of OrganicsExtraction of Organics Preparation of organicsPreparation of organics Yeast Estrogen AssayYeast Estrogen Assay
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RESULTSRESULTS Anti-Estrogen Test: EXTRACT from RAW SLUDGE SOLIDS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1.00E-09 1.00E-08 1.00E-07 1.00E-06 1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.00E+00
Fraction of extract in well
% re
l B-g
alac
tosi
dase
20% MeOH eluent
50% MeOH eluent
80% MeOH eluent
NP w ater w / 1nM EE2
Anti-estrogen test: EXTRACT from RAW SLUDGE LIQUID
0102030405060708090
100
1.00E-09 1.00E-08 1.00E-07 1.00E-06 1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.00E+00
Fraction of extract in well
% re
l. B
-gal
acto
sida
se
20% MeOH eluent
50% MeOH eluent
80% MeOH eluent
NP water w/ 1nM EE2
RAW SLUDGE SOLID EXTRACTS ARE HIGHLY ESTROGENIC
RAW SLUDGE LIQUID EXTRACTS ARE ANTI-ESTROGENIC
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RESULTSRESULTSAnti-estrogen test: EXTRACT from DIGESTED SLUDGE SOLID
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1.00E-09 1.00E-08 1.00E-07 1.00E-06 1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.00E+00
Fraction of extract in well
% re
l. B
-gal
acto
sida
se
20% MeOH eluent
50% MeOH eluent
80% MeOH eluent
NP water w/ 1nM EE2
Anti-estrogen test: EXTRACT from DIGESTER SLUDGE LIQUID
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1.00E-09 1.00E-08 1.00E-07 1.00E-06 1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.00E+00
Fraction of extract in well
% B
-gal
acto
sida
se
20% MeOH eluent
50% MeOH eluent
80% MeOH eluent
NP water w/ 1nM EE2
DIGESTED SLUDGE SOLIDS LOST ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY
DIGESTED SLUDGE LIQUIDS HIGHLY ANTI-ESTROGENIC
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Dave Newman & Sondra TeskeDave Newman & Sondra Teske Susan BrewSusan Brew Matt Giardiana and AzSGC StaffMatt Giardiana and AzSGC Staff Bingfeng DongBingfeng Dong