a study on the role of land surface processes on the...

31
References _ REFERENCES Ajayamohan R. S. (2007), Simulation of South-Asian Summer Monsoon in a GCM, Pure and Applied Geophysics, Volume 164, Issue 10, pp 2117-2140. Ajaya Mohan R S and B N Goswami (2003), Potential Predictability of the Asian Summer Monsoon on Monthly and Seasonal Time Scales Meteor. Atmos. Phys. DOI 10.1007/s00703-002-0576-4. Alessandri, Andrea, Andrea Borrelli, Antonio Navarra, Alberto Arribas, Michel Déqué, Philippe Rogel, Antje Weisheimer, (2011), Evaluation of Probabilistic Quality and Value of the ENSEMBLES Multimodel Seasonal Forecasts: Comparison with DEMETER. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 581–607. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3417.1 Alessandri A., Borrelli A, S. Masina, P. D. Pietro, A. Carril, A. Cherchi, S. Gualdi, and A. Navarra, (2010), The INGV-CMCC Seasonal Prediction System: Improved Ocean Initial Conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 2930–2952. Annamalai H and Slingo J M, (2001), Active/break cycles: Diagnosis of the intraseasonal variability of the Asian Summer Monsoon ; Climate Dynamics, 1885– 102. Annamalai H, Hamilton K, Sperber KR (2007), The South Asian summer monsoon and its relationship with ENSO in the IPCC AR4 simulations. J Clim 20:1071–1092. Asharaf S, Andreas Dobler, Bodo Ahrens. (2012), Soil Moisture–Precipitation Feedback Processes in the Indian Summer Monsoon Season. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 13:5,1461-1474. Ashok, K. M., Guan, Z. M., Saji, N. H., Yamagata, T, (2004), On the individual and combined influences of the ENSO and the Indian Ocean dipole on the Indian summer monsoon , J.Climate, 17, 3141-3154. 136

Upload: others

Post on 03-Jun-2020

2 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

REFERENCES

Ajayamohan R. S. (2007), Simulation of South-Asian Summer Monsoon in a GCM,

Pure and Applied Geophysics, Volume 164, Issue 10, pp 2117-2140.

Ajaya Mohan R S and B N Goswami (2003), Potential Predictability of the Asian

Summer Monsoon on Monthly and Seasonal Time Scales Meteor. Atmos. Phys.

DOI 10.1007/s00703-002-0576-4.

Alessandri, Andrea, Andrea Borrelli, Antonio Navarra, Alberto Arribas, Michel

Déqué, Philippe Rogel, Antje Weisheimer, (2011), Evaluation of Probabilistic

Quality and Value of the ENSEMBLES Multimodel Seasonal Forecasts: Comparison

with DEMETER. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 581–607. doi:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3417.1

Alessandri A., Borrelli A, S. Masina, P. D. Pietro, A. Carril, A. Cherchi, S. Gualdi,

and A. Navarra, (2010), The INGV-CMCC Seasonal Prediction System: Improved

Ocean Initial Conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 2930–2952.

Annamalai H and Slingo J M, (2001), Active/break cycles: Diagnosis of the

intraseasonal variability of the Asian Summer Monsoon ; Climate Dynamics, 1885–

102.

Annamalai H, Hamilton K, Sperber KR (2007), The South Asian summer monsoon

and its relationship with ENSO in the IPCC AR4 simulations. J Clim 20:1071–1092.

Asharaf S, Andreas Dobler, Bodo Ahrens. (2012), Soil Moisture–Precipitation

Feedback Processes in the Indian Summer Monsoon Season. Journal of

Hydrometeorology, 13:5,1461-1474.

Ashok, K. M., Guan, Z. M., Saji, N. H., Yamagata, T, (2004), On the individual and

combined influences of the ENSO and the Indian Ocean dipole on the Indian summer

monsoon , J.Climate, 17, 3141-3154.

136

Page 2: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Ashok, K., Z. Guan, and T. Yamagata, (2001), Impact of the Indian Ocean dipole on

the relationship between the Indian monsoonrainfall and ENSO , Geophys. Res.

Lett.,28(23), 4499–4502.

Asnani, G. C., (2005), (Revised editions), Tropical Meteorology Vol. I, II and III

,Praveen Printing Press, Pune, India.

Asnani, G.C., (1993), Tropical Meteorology (2 Volumes), G.C. Asnani, 822 Sind

Society,Aundh, Pune-411007, India, 1202 pp.

Balmaseda, M. A., A. Vidard, and D. L. T. Anderson (2008), The ECMWF ORA-S3

ocean analysis system, Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 3018– 3034,

doi:10.1175/2008MWR2433.1.

Bamzai A.S., and J.Shukla, (1999), Relationship between Eurasian snow cover, snow

depth and the Indian summer monsoon: An observational study, J.Climate, 12,

3117-3132.

Barnett, T. P., (1983), Interaction of the Monsoon and Pacific Trade Wind System at

Interannual Time Scales Part I: The Equatorial Zone, Mon.Wea.Rev., 111, 4, 756-

773.

Basu, B. K., (2007), Diurnal Variation in Precipitation over India during the Summer

Monsoon Season: Observed and Model Predicted. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2155–2167.

Bellon, Gilles. (2011), Monsoon intraseasonal oscillation and land–atmosphere

interaction in an idealized model, Climate Dynamics, Volume 37, Issue 5-6, pp 1081-

1096.

Betts, A. K. & Miller M. J. (1986), A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II:

Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, and arctic air mass data sets, Q. J.

R. Meteorol. Soc., 112 , pp 693–709.

Betts, A. K., (1986), A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I. Observational and

theoretic basis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112,677–691.

137

Page 3: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004), Influence of southern oscillation

and SSTs over Ni˜ no 3.4 region on the winter monsoon rainfall over coastal Andhra

Pradesh. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci.113: 313–319.

Bhaskaran B., R. G. Jones, J. M. Murphy, M. Noguer, (1996), Simulations of the

Indian summer monsoon using a nested regional climate model: domain size

experiments, Clim. Dyn, Vol 12, Issue 9, pp 573-587.

Bhate Jyoti, C.K Unnikrishnan and M. Rajeevan (2012), Regional Climate

simulation of the 2009 Indian summer monsoon , Indian Journal of Radio and Space

Physics (ISSN: 0367-8393), Vol. 41, 488-500.

Bhowmik Roy., (2010), Short Range Forecasting of Monsoon , Monsoon

Monograph Vol.1, (IMD), edited by Asnani et al, pp 291-344.

Blanford, H. F., (1884), On the connection of the Himalayan snowfall and seasons of

drought In India , Proc. Roy Soc., London, 32, 3-22.

Bohra A.K.and L.Harenduprakash, (2010), Medium Range Forecasting of Southwest

Monsoon, Monsoon Monograph Vol.1, (IMD), edited by Asnani et al, pp 345-400.

Bollasina, M., and S. Nigam, (2008), Indian Ocean SST, evaporation, and

precipitation during the South Asian Summer Monsoon in IPCC-AR4 coupled

simulations. Clim. Dyn., 10.1007/s00382-008-0477-4.

Boone, A.; and Coauthors (2009), The AMMA land surface model Intercomparison

Project (ALMIP).BAMS, Vol. 90 No. 12 pp. 1865-1880,DOI. 10.1175

/2009BAMS2786.1.

Case, Jonathan L., William L. Crosson, Sujay V. Kumar, William M. Lapenta,

Christa D. Peters-Lidard, (2008), Impacts of High-Resolution Land Surface

Initialization on Regional Sensible Weather Forecasts from the WRF Model. J.

Hydrometeor, 9, 1249-1266.

138

Page 4: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Chang, C.P. and Krishnamurti, T.N., (1987), Monsoon Meteorology. Oxford

Monograph on Geology and Geophysics, No. 7, Oxford University Press, New York,

pp-544.

Charney, J.G. (1975), Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel. Q.J.R. Meteorol.

Soc., 101: 193–202. doi: 10.1002/qj.49710142802

Charney, J.G., and J. Shukla, (1981), Predictability of monsoons. Monsoon,

Dynamics,J. Lighthill and R. P. Pearce, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 99-109.

Charney, W. J. Quirk, S.H. Chow, and J. Kornfield, (1977), A Comparative Study of

the Effects of Albedo Change on Drought in Semi–Arid Regions. . J. Atmos. Sci., 34,

1366–1385.

Chatterjee P and B.N.Goswami , (2004), Structure, genesis and scale selection of the

tropical quasi-biweekly mode, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 130, 1171-1194.

Chen and J. Dudhia, (2001), Coupling an advanced land surface hydrology model

with the Penn State–NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation

and sensitivity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 569–585.

Chen, Fei, and Coauthors (2007), Description and Evaluation of the Characteristics

of the NCAR High-Resolution Land Data Assimilation System. J. Appl. Meteor.

Climatol., 46,694–713. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAM2463.1.

Collins, W. J., and Coauthors (2008), Evaluation of the HadGEM2 model, Tech.

Note HCTN 74, Met Off. Hadley Cent., Exeter, U. K.

Cosby, B. J., Hornberger, G. M., Clapp, R. B., and Ginn, T. R (1984), A Statistical

Exploration of the Relationships of Soil Moisture Characteristics to the Physical

Properties of Soils, Water Resour. Res., 20, 682-690, 1984

Crawford, T. M., D. J. Stensrud, F. Mora, J. W. Merchant, and P. J. Wetzel, (2001),

Value of incorporating satellite-derived land cover data in MM5/PLACE for

simulating surface temperatures, J. Hydrometeor., 2, 453–468.

139

Page 5: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Daget, N, A. T. Weaver, and M. A. Balmaseda (2009), Ensemble estimation of

background-error variances in a three-dimensional variational data assimilation

system for the global ocean, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 135, 1071– 1094,

doi:10.1002/qj.412.

Das, P.K., (1986), Monsoons, Fifth WMO Lecture, WMO No. 613, World

Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, 115 pp.

Dash S. K., M. S. Shekhar, G. P. Singh (2006), Simulation of Indian summer

monsoon circulation and rainfall using RegCM3, Theoretical and Applied

Climatology, Volume 86, Issue 1-4, pp 161-172.

De US and Mukhopadhyay R K (2002), Breaks in monsoon and related precursors;

Mausam, 53309–318.

De US and Mukhopadhyay RK. (1999), The effect of ENSO/Anti ENSO on

northeast monsoon rainfall.Mausam50: 343–354.

Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S.,

Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A. C.

M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M.,

Geer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S. B., Hersbach, H., Hólm, E. V., Isaksen, L.,

Kållberg, P., Köhler, M., Matricardi, M., McNally, A. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M.,

Morcrette, J.-J., Park, B.-K., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C., Thépaut, J.-N.

and Vitart, F. (2011), The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of

the data assimilation system, Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 137: 553–597. doi:

10.1002/qj.828.

Delworth, Thomas, Syukuro Manabe, (1989), The Influence of Soil Wetness on

Near-Surface Atmospheric Variability. J. Climate, 2, 1447–1462.doi:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<1447:TIOSWO>2.0.CO;2.

Dhar ON and Rakhecha PR. (1983), Forecasting northeast monsoon rainfall over

Tamil Nadu, India.Mon. Weather Rev.111: 109–112.

140

Page 6: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Dirmeyer, P. A., M. J. Fennessy, and L. Marx (2003), Low skill in dynamical

prediction of boreal summer climate: Grounds for looking beyond sea surface

temperature, J.Clim.,16, 995 – 1002, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003) 016<0995:

LSIDPO>2.0.CO;2.

Dirmeyer, Paul A., (2006), The Hydrologic Feedback Pathway for Land–Climate

Coupling. J. Hydrometeor, 7, 857–867. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM526.1.

Dirmeyer, P. A., A. J. Dolman, and N. Sato, (1999), The Global Soil Wetness

Project: A pilot project for global land surface modeling and validation. Bull. Amer.

Meteor. Soc., 80,851–878.

Dirmeyer, Paul A., Xiang Gao, Mei Zhao, Zhichang Guo, Taikan Oki, Naota

Hanasaki, (2006), GSWP-2: Multimodel Analysis and Implications for Our

Perception of the Land Surface.Bull.Amer. Meteor. Soc., 87, 1381–1397.doi:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS87-10-1381.

Douville H. (2002), Influence of soil moisture on the Asian and African monsoons.

Part II : interannual variability. J Climate, 15, 701-720.

Douville, H (2010), Relative contribution of soil moisture and snow mass to seasonal

climate predictability: a pilot study, Climate Dynamics,Vol.34,2, p797-

818,Doi:10.1007/s00382-008-0508-1.

Douville H, and Chauvin F (2000), Relevance of soil moisture for seasonal climate

predictions : a preliminary study. Climate Dynamics, 16, 719-736.

Douville H., F. Chauvin, H. Broqua (2001), Influence of soil moisture on the Asian

and African monsoons. Part I : Mean monsoon and daily precipitation. J Climate,

14:2381-2403.

Drbohlav, Lee., Hae-Kyung, V. Krishnamurthy, (2010), Spatial Structure, Forecast

Errors, and Predictability of the South Asian Monsoon in CFS Monthly

Retrospective Forecasts.J. Climate, 23, 4750–4769. doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI2356.1.

141

Page 7: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Dudhia, J. (1989), Numerical study of convection observed during the winter

monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model, J.Atmos.Sci., 46, pp

3077-3107.

Ek, M. B., K. E. Mitchell, Y. Lin, E. Rogers, P. Grummann,V. Koren, G. Gayno, and

J. D. Tarpley, (2003), Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the

National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational Mesoscale Eta Model. J.

Geophys.Res., 108, 8851, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD003296.

Fan, Y., and H. van den Dool (2008), A global monthly land surface air temperature

analysis for 1948–present,J. Geophys. Res., 113, D01103,

doi:10.1029/2007JD008470.

Fennessy, M. J., Kinter, J. L., Kirtman, B., Marx, L., Nigam, S., Schneider, E.,

Shukla, J.,Straus, D.,Vernekar, A., Xue, Y . and Zhou, J., (1994), The simulated

Indian monsoon—a GCM sensitivity study , J. Climate, 7, 33– 43.

Fennessy, M., and J. Shukla (1999), Impact of initial soil wetness on seasonal

atmospheric prediction, J. Clim., 12, 3167–3180, doi:10.1175 /15200442(1999)

012<3167:IOISWO >2.0.CO;2.

Ferranti, L., Slingo, J. M., Palmer, T. N and Hoskins, B. J (1999), The effect of land-

surface feedbacks on the monsoon circulation, QJRMS, Volume 125, Issue 557,

1473–1912.

Friedl, MA, McIver, DK, Hodges, JCF, Zhang, XY, Muchoney, D, Strahler, AH,

Woodcock, CE, Gopal, S, Schneider, A, Cooper, A, Baccini, A, Gao, F, Schaaf, C

(2002), Global land cover mapping from MODIS: algorithms and early results.

REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 83(2-Jan), 287-302.

Gadgil S. (2007), The Indian Monsoon - Physics of the Monsoon, Resonance, 12, 05.

Gadgil Sulochana and Sajani Surendran. (1998), Monsoon precipitation in the

AMIP runs. Climate Dynamics,14:659-89.

142

Page 8: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Gadgil Sulochana and Joseph P V, (2003), On breaks of the Indian monsoon,Proc.

Indian Acad. Sci. (Earth Planet. Sci.),112, 529–558.

Gadgil Sulochana and Siddhartha Gadgil, (2006), The Indian Monsoon, GDP and

agriculture, Economic and Political Weekly, XLI, pp.4887–4895.

Gadgil, S, Rajeevan MN, Zubair L, and Yadav P, (2011), Inter annual variations of

the South Asian monsoon: Links with ENSO and EQUINOO , The Global Monsoon

System : Research and Forecast, 2nd Edition (Edited by Chang et al),WSS-MEA

WSS-APWC,Vol.5, 25-43.

Gadgil, S., Vinaychandran, P. N., Francis, P. A. and Gadgil, S., (2004), Extremes of

Indian summer monsoon rainfall, ENSO, equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation ,

Geophys.Res.Lett., 31,do 10.1029/2004GL019733.

Gadgil, Sulochana and Srinivasan, J., (2011), Curr. Sci., Seasonal prediction of the

Indian monsoon, 100, 343–353.

Gadgil, Sulochana, M. Rajeevan and P. A. Francis (2007), Monsoon variability:

Links to major oscillations over the equatorial Pacific and Indian oceans, Current

Science, Vol.93,No. 2, 182-194.

Gadgil, Sulochana, M. Rajeevan, and R. Nanjundiah, (2005), Monsoon Prediction:

Why yet another failure?, Current Science, 88, pp 1389–1400.

Gordon, C., Cooper, C., Senior, C., Banks, H., Gregory, J., Johns, T., Mitchell, J.,

and Wood, R. (2000), The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat

transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments.

Climate Dynamics, 16(2):147–168.

Goswami, B. N., (1998) Interannual Variations of Indian Summer Monsoon in a

GCM: External Conditions versus Internal Feedbacks. J. Climate, 11, 501–

522.doi:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<0501:IVOISM>2.0.CO;2.

143

Page 9: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Goswami B N, (2005), Intraseasonal variability (ISV) of south Asian summer

monsoon; In: Intraseasonal Variability of the Atmosphere – Ocean Climate

System(eds) Lau K and Waliser D, Springer – Praxis, Chichester,UK.

Goswami B N, Ajayamohan R S, Xavier P K and Sengupta D , (2003), Clustering of

low pressure systems during the Indian summer monsoon by intra-seasonal

oscillations;Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 (8), doi: 10.1029/2002GL016734.

Goswami BN, Wheeller C and Gottschalck Jc., (2011), Intraseasonal variability and

forecasting: Review of recent research, The Global Monsoon System: Research and

Forecast, 2nd Edition (Edited by Chang et al),WSS-MEA WSS-APWC,Vol.5, 389-

408.

Goswami, B N and Prince K Xavier (2003), Potential Predictability and Extended

Range Prediction of Indian Summer Monsoon Breaks, Geophys. Res. Lett. 30(18),

1966, doi:10.1029/2003GL017,810, 2003.

Goswami, B, N., and R. S. Ajayamohan, (2001), Intraseasonal oscillations and

interannual variability of the Indian summer monsoon, J.Climate, 14, 1180-1198.

Goswami, B. N., Madhusoodanan, M. S., Neema, C. P. and Sengupta, D., (2006), A

physical mechanism for North AtlanticSST influence on the Indian Summer

Monsoon, Geophys.Res. Lett., 33, L02706, doi:10.1029/2005GL024803.

Gottschalck, J., Meng, J., Rodell, M. and Houser, P. (2005), Analysis of multiple

precipitation products and preliminary assessment of their impact on global land

data assimilation system land surface states. J. Hydrometeorol., 2005, 6, 573–598.

Guérémy, J.-F., Déqué, M., Braun, A. and Piedelièvre, J.-P. (2005), Actual and

potential skill of seasonal predictions using the CNRM contribution to DEMETER:

coupled versus uncoupled model. Tellus A, 57: 308–319. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-

0870.2005.00101.x.

144

Page 10: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Guo, Z., P. A. Dirmeyer, and T. DelSole (2011), Land surface impacts on

subseasonal and seasonal predictability, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L24812,

doi:10.1029 / 2011 GL049945.

Guo, Zhichang, and Coauthors, (2006), GLACE: The Global Land–Atmosphere

Coupling Experiment. Part II: Analysis. J. Hydrometeor, 7, 611–625.

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM511.1.

Guo, Zhichang, Paul A. Dirmeyer, Timothy DelSole, Randal D. Koster, (2012),

Rebound in Atmospheric Predictability and the Role of the Land Surface. J. Climate,

25, 4744–4749.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00651.1.

Gutman G and Ignatov A (1997), Satellite-derived green vegetation fraction for the

use in numerical weather prediction models , Advances in Space Research, Volume

19, Issue3, Pages 477–480.

Hahn D. G. and Shukla, J., (1976), An apparentrelationship between Eurasian snow

cover and Indian monsoon rainfall . J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2461-2462.

Halley, E., (1686), Historical accountof the trade winds and monsoons ,Phil.

Trans.Roy.Soc., London, 116, 153-168.

Hastenrath, S., (1995), Recent advances in tropical climate prediction, J. Climate, 8,

1519-1532.

Hong, S.-Y., and J. Dudhia, (2003), Testing of a new non-local boundary layer

vertical diffusion scheme in numerical weather prediction applications. 20th

Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting/16th Conference on Numerical

Weather Prediction, Seattle, WA.

Huffman, G., R. Adler, D. Bolvin, G. Gu, E. Nelkin, K. Bowman, Y. Hong, E.

Stocker, and D. Wolff (2007), The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis

(TCMA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined sensor precipitation estimates at fine

scales,J.Hydrometeorol., 8, 38–55, doi:10.1175/JHM560.1.

145

Page 11: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Huffman, G.J, (1997), Estimates of root-mean-square random error for finite samples

of estimated precipitation, J. Appl. Meteor., , 1191-1201.

Huffman, G.J., R.F. Adler, B. Rudolf, U. Schneider, and P.R. Keehn, (1995), Global

precipitation estimates based on a technique for combining satellite-based estimates,

rain gauge analysis, and NWP model precipitation information, J. Climate, 8, 1284-

1295.

Huffman, G.J., R.F. Adler, P. Arkin, A. Chang, R. Ferraro, A. Gruber, J. Janowiak,

A.McNab, B. Rudolph, and U. Schneider, (1997), The global precipitation

climatology project (GPCP) combined precipitation dataset, Bull. Amer. Meteor.

Soc. , 78, 5-20.

Hurk, Bart van den. and coauthors, (2012), Soil moisture effects on seasonal

temperature and precipitation forecast scores in Europe, Clim Dyn, 38 : 349–362,

DOI 10.1007/s00382-010-0956-2v.

Jagannathan, P., (1960), Seasonal Forecasting in India: A review, IMD Pune, 80.

Janjic Z. I. (2000), Comments on development and evaluation of a convection

scheme for use in climate models. Journal of Atmospheric Science 57 3686.

Jarvis, P. G.(1976) The interpretation of the variations in leaf water potential and

stomatal conductance found in canopies in the field, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 273,

593-610.

Jiang, L., F. N. Kogan, W. Guo, J. D. Tarpley, K. E. Mitchell, M. B. Ek, Y. Tian, W.

Zheng, C.-Z. Zou, and B. H. Ramsay (2010), Real-time weekly global green

vegetation fraction derived from advanced very high resolution radiometer-based

NOAA operational global vegetation index (GVI) system, J. Geophys. Res., 115,

D11114,doi:10.1029/2009JD013204.

Joseph, P.V., (2010a), Synoptic Systems during Monsoon season , Monsoon

Monograph Vol.1, (IMD), edited by Asnani et al, 205-237.

146

Page 12: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Joseph, P.V., (2010b), Onset, Advance and Withdrawal of Monsoon , Monsoon

Monograph Vol.1, (IMD), edited by Asnani et al, 103-148.

Joshi Manish K., Archana Rai and A. C. Pandey, (2012), Validation of TMPA and

GPCP 1DD against the ground truth rain-gauge data for Indian region, online

published, Int J.Clim, DOI: 10.1002/joc.3612

Jungclaus, J. H., N. S. Keenlyside, M. Botzet, H. Haak, J.-J. Luo, M. Latif, J.

Marotzke, U. Mikolajewicz, and E. Roeckner (2006), Ocean circulation and tropical

variability in the coupled model ECHAM5/MPI-OM, J. Clim., 19, 3952–

3972,doi:10.1175/JCLI3827.1.

Kane, R. P., (2005), Unstable ENSO Relationship with Indian regional rainfall ,

Int.J.Climatol, 26,6, 771-783.

Kang I S, Jin K, Wang B, Lau K M, Shukla J, Krishnamurthy V, Schubert S D,

Waliser D E, Stern W F, Kitoh A,MeehlGA,KanamitsuM,Galin VY,SatyanV,Park C

K and Liu Y., (2002) Intercomparison of the climatological variations of Asian

summer monsoon precipitation simulated by 10 GCMs; Clim. Dyn., 19383–395.

Kang In-SiK and Jagadish Shukla (2006), Dynamic seasonal prediction and

predictability of the monsoon, in “The Asian monsoon”, pp 585-612, doi; 10.1007/3-

540-37722-0_15.

Kato, H., Rodell, M., Beyrich, F., Cleugh, H., van Gorsel, E., Liu, H., and Meyers, T.

P. (2007), Sensitivity of land surface simulations to model physics, land

characteristics, and forcings, at four CEOP Sites, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 87A, 187–

204.

Keenlyside, N. S., M. Latif, M. Botzet, J. Jungclaus, and U. Schulzweida (2005), A

coupled method for initializing El Nin˜o Southern Oscillation forecasts using sea

surface temperature, Tellus, Ser. A, 57, 340– 356.

147

Page 13: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Kelkar KK, (2009), Monsoon prediction, BS Publications, ISBN-978-81-7800-185-2,

p 1-231.

Keshavamurty, R.N. and Shankar Rao, M., (1992), The Physics of Monsoons. Allied

Publishers Ltd., Bombay, 199 pp.

Keshvamurty, R. N., (1982), Response of the atmosphere to sea surface temperature

anomalies in the equatorial Pacific teleconnection of the Southern Oscillation

,J.Atmos.Sci.,39, 1241-1259.

Kikuchi, Kazuyoshi, Bin Wang, (2008), Diurnal Precipitation Regimes in the Global

Tropics*. J. Climate, 21, 2680–2696. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI2051.1.

Kim, J E and Hong, S Y (2007), Impact of soil moisture anomalies on summer

rainfall over East Asia: a regional climate model study, J. Climate, Vol. 20, 5732-

5743.

Koster and Coauthors, (2006), GLACE: The Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling

Experiment. Part I: Overview. J. Hydrometeor.,7, 590–610.

Koster R.D, S. P. P. Mahanama, T. J. Yamada, Gianpaolo Balsamo, A. A. Berg, M.

Boisserie, P. A. Dirmeyer, F. J. Doblas-Reyes, G. Drewitt, C. T. Gordon,l Z. Guo, J.-

H. Jeong, W.-S. Lee, Z. Li, L. Luo, S. Malyshev, W. J. Merryfield, S. I. Seneviratne,

T. Stanelle, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, F. Vitart, E. F. Wood (2011), The Second

Phase of the Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment: Soil Moisture

Contributions to Subseasonal Forecast Skill. J. Hydrometeor, 12, 805–822.

Koster, R. D., and Coauthors, (2011), The Second Phase of the Global Land–

Atmosphere Coupling Experiment: Soil Moisture Contributions to Sub seasonal

Forecast Skill.J.Hydrometeor, 12, 805–822.

Koster, R. D., and Coauthors, (2004a), Realistic initialization of land surface states:

Impacts on subseasonal forecast skill,J. Hydrometeorol., 5, 1049 – 1063,

doi:10.1175/JHM-387.1.

148

Page 14: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Koster, Randal D.,Paul A. Dirmeyer,Zhichang Guo,Gordon Bonan,Edmond

Chan,Peter Cox,C. T. Gordon,Shinjiro Kanae,Eva Kowalczyk,David Lawrence,Ping

Liu,Cheng-Hsuan Lu,Sergey Malyshev,Bryant McAvaney,Ken Mitchell,David

Mocko,Taikan Oki,Keith Oleson,Andrew Pitman,Y. C. Sud,Christopher M.

Taylor,Diana Verseghy,Ratko Vasic,Yongkang Xue,Tomohito Yamada (2004b),

Regions of strong coupling between soil moisture and precipitation, Science, 305,

1138–1140.

Koster, R. D., M. J. Suarez, and M. Heiser (2000), Variance and predictability of

precipitation at seasonal‐to‐interannual timescales,J. Hydrometeorol.,1,26–

46,doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2000)001<0026:VAPOPA>2.0.CO;2.

Koster, R. D., M. J. Suarez, and M. Heiser (2000), Variance and predictability of

precipitation at seasonal‐to‐interannual timescales, J. Hydrometeorol., 1,26–

46,doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2000)001<0026: VAPOPA>2.0.CO;2.

Koster, R. D., S. P. P. Mahanama1, T. J. Yamada1, Gianpaolo Balsamo A. A.

Berg, M. Boisserie, P. A. Dirmeyer, F. J. Doblas-Reyes, G. Drewitt, C. T. Gordon,

Z. Guo, J.-H. Jeong, D. M. Lawrence, W.-S. Lee, Z. Li1, L. Luo, S. Malyshev, W. J.

Merryfield , S. I. Seneviratne, T. Stanelle, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, F. Vitart, E. F.

Wood (2010), Contribution of land surface initialization to subseasonal forecast

skill: First results from a multi-model experiment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37,

L02402,doi:10.1029/2009GL041677.

Koster, Randal D. , Y. C. Sud, Zhichang Guo, Paul A. Dirmeyer, Gordon Bonan

Keith W. Oleson, Edmond Chan, Diana Verseghy, Peter Cox, Harvey Davies, Eva

Kowalczyk, C. T. Gordon, Shinjiro Kanae, David Lawrence, Ping Liu, David Mocko,

Cheng-Hsuan Lu, Ken Mitchell, Sergey Malyshev, Bryant McAvaney, Taikan Oki,

Tomohito Yamada, Andrew Pitman, Christopher M. Taylor, Ratko Vasic and

Yongkang Xue, (2006) GLACE: The Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling

Experiment. Part I: Overview. J. Hydrometeor.,7, 590–610.

149

Page 15: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Koster, Randal D., and Max J. Suarez. (2003), Impact of land surface initialization

on seasonal precipitation and temperature prediction. Journal of Hydrometeorology

4-2, 408-423.

Koteswaram, P., (1958a), The easterly jet stream in the tropics , Tellus, 10, 43-57.

Koteswaram, P., (1958b), The Asian summer monsoon and the general circulation

over the tropics , Monsoons of the World, 105-110.

Kripalani RH, Kumar P. (2004), Northeast monsoon rainfall variability over south

peninsular India vis-` a-vis Indian Ocean Dipole mode.Int. J. Climatol.24: 1267–

1282.

Kripalani, R. H., A. Kulkarni, and S. S. Sabade (2003), Western Himalayan snow

cover and Indian monsoon rainfall: A re examination with INSAT and NCEP/NCAR

data, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 74, 1–18, doi:10.1007/s00704-002-0699-z.

Kripalani, R.H., Singh, S.V., Vernekar, A.D. and Thapliyal, V., (1996), Empirical

study on Nimbus-7 snow mass and Indian summer monsoon rainfall, Int.J.Climatol,

16, 23-34.

Krishna Kumar, K., B. Rajagopalan and M. A. Cane, (1999), On the weakening

relationship between the Indian Monsoon and ENSO, Science, 284, 2156-2159.

Krishna Kumar, K., B.Rajagopalan, M.Hoerling, G.Bates and M.Cane, (2006),

Unraveling the Mystery of Indian Monsoon Failure during El Nino, Science doi:

10.1126/science.1131152.

Krishna Kumar, K., M. Hoerling, and B. Rajagopalan (2005), Advancing dynamical

prediction of Indian monsoon rainfall, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32,

L08704,doi:10.1029/2004GL021979.

Krishna Kumar, K., Soman M. K. and Rupa Kumar, K., (1995), Seasonal forecasting

of Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Weather. 50, 449-467.

150

Page 16: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Krishnamurthy V and Shukla J (2007), Intraseasonal and seasonally persisting

patterns of Indian monsoon rainfall; J. Climate, 203–204.

Krishnamurthy V and Shukla J, (2008), Seasonal persistence and propagation of

intraseasonal patterns over the Indian summer monsoon region; Climate

Dynamics,30,353–369.

Krishnamurthy, V. and Goswami,B. N., (2000), Indian Monsoon–ENSO

Relationship on Interdecadal Timescale , J.Climate, 13,3, 579-595.

Krishnamurthy, V., and Shukla, J., (2000), Intra-seasonal and Interannual variability

of rainfall over India , J.Climate, 13, 4366-4377.

Krishnamurti TN., (1990), Monsoon prediction at different resolutions with a global

spectral model. Mausam 41: 234-240.

Krishnamurthi and Ardunay (1980), The 10 to 20 day westward propagating mode

and breaks in Indian monsoon , Tellus , 32, 15-26.

Krishnamurti, T. N. and Bhalme, H. N., (1976), Oscillations of a monsoon system ,

Part I, Observational aspects, J. Atmos, Sci., 33, 1937 – 1954.

Krishnan R, C.Zhang and M.Sugi, (2000), Dynamics of breaks in the Indian summer

monsoon. Journal of Atmopheric Sciences, 57, 1354-1372.

Kumar P, Rupa Kumar K, Rajeevan M, Sahai AK. (2007), On the recent

strengthening of the relationship between ENSO and northeast monsoon rainfall over

South Asia.Clim. Dyn.8: 649–660.

Kurkowski, N. P., D. J. Stensrud, and M.E. Baldwin (2003), Assessment of

Implementing Satellite-Derived Land Cover Data in the Eta Model, Weather and

Forecasting, 18, 404-416.

Lawrence D M and Webster P J (2001), Interannual variations of the intraseasonal

oscillation in the south Asian summer monsoon region, J. Climate, 14, 2910–2922.

151

Page 17: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Li, S., Perlwitz, J., Quan.X., and Hoerling,M. P., (2008), Modeling the influence of

North Atlantic multidecadal warmth onthe Indian summer rainfall ,

Geophys.Res.Letters,35,doi:10.1029/2007GL032901.

Lin, Y.L., Farley R. D. & Orville H. D. (1983), Bulk parameterization of the snow

field in a cloud model, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 22 , pp1065–1092.

Lorenz, E. N. (1982), Atmospheric predictability experiments with a large numerical

model,Tellus, 43, 505–513.

Loveland, T. R., J. W. Merchant, J. F. Brown, D. O. Ohlen, B. C.Reed, P. Olson, and

J. Hutchinson, (1995), Seasonal land-cover regions of the United States. Ann. Assoc.

Amer.Geogr., 85, 339–355.

Luo, L., et al. (2003), Validation of the North American Land Data Assimilation

System (NLDAS) retrospective forcing over the southern Great Plains, J. Geophys.

Res., 108,8843, doi:10.1029/2002JD003246.

Ma, H.Y., Mechoso C. R., Xue Y., Xiao, H., Wu C.M., Li J.L., Sales F. De (2010),

Impact of land surface processes on the South American warm season climate,

Climate Dynamics, April 2010, DOI 10.1007/s00382-010-0813-3.

Madden R. and P. Julian, (1971), Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal

wind in the tropical Pacific, J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702-708.

Madden R. and P. Julian, (1994), Observations ofthe 40-50 day tropical oscillation:

A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112-814-837.

Magana V and Webster P J., (1996), Atmospheric circulations during active and

break periods of the Asian monsoon; Preprints of the Eighth Conference on the

Global OceanAtmosphere-Land System (GOALS), Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Atlanta,

GA.

Mahfouf, J. F. and Noilhan, J., (1991), Comparative study of various formulation of

evaporation from bare soil using in situ data, J. Appl. Meteorol., 30, 1354–1365.

152

Page 18: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Mandke, S. K., Sahai, A. K., Shinde, M. A., Joseph, S. and Chattopadhyay, R.

(2007), Simulated changes in active/break spells during the Indian summer monsoon

due to enhanced CO2 concentrations: assessment from selected coupled atmosphere–

ocean global climate models. Int. J. Climatol., 27: 837–859. doi: 10.1002/joc.1440.

Marht, L. and Ek, M (1984), The influence of atmospheric stability on potential

evaporation, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 23, 222–234.

Marht, L. and Pan, H.L. (1984), A two-layer model of soil hydrology, Bound.-Lay.

Meteorol., 29, 1-20.

Masina, S, Di Pietro, P., Storto, A. Dobricic, S., Alessandri, A., Cherchi, A., (2009),

Re-analyses in the global ocean at CMCC-INGV: examples and applications. Jan-

2009,Mercator-Ocean Scientific Newsletter ( http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5837).

McCumber, M. C. and Pielke, R. A., (1981), Simulation of the effects of surface

fluxes of heat and moisture in a mesoscale numerical model 1. soil layer, J. Geophys.

Res., 86,9929–9938

Medha Khole (2010), Components and Semi-Permanent Systems during Monsoon

Season , Monsoon Monograph Vol.1, (IMD), edited by Asnani et al, 149-181.

Meehl, G. A, (1997), The South Asian monsoon and the troposphere biennial

oscillation . J. Climate, 10, 1921-1943

Meehl, Gerald A.(1994), Influence of the Land Surface in the Asian Summer

Monsoon: External Conditions versus Internal Feedbacks. J. Climate, 7, 1033–

1049.doi:http://dx.doi.org /10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1033:IOTLSI>2.0.CO;2.

Michalakes, J., J. Dudhia, D. Gill, T. Henderson, J. Klemp, W. Skamarock, and

W.Wang, (2004), TheWeather Reseach and Forecast Model: Software Architecture

and Performance, to appear in proceedings of the 11th ECMWF Workshop on the

Use of High Performance Computing In Meteorology, 25-29 October 2004, Reading

U.K. Ed. George Mozdzynski.

153

Page 19: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Miller, D. A., and R. A. White, (1998), A conterminous United States multilayer soil

characteristics data set for regional climate and hydrology modeling. Earth

Interactions,2.

Miller, J., M. Barlage, X. Zeng, H. Wei, K. Mitchell, and D. Tarpley (2006),

Sensitivity of the NCEP/Noah land surface model to the MODIS green vegetation

fraction data set, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L13404, doi:10.1029/2006GL026636.

Mitchell, K. (2005), The community Noah land surface model: User’s Guide (Public

Release Version 2.7.1), NCEP/EMC (online available at http:// www .emc .ncep.

noaa .gov /mmb/gcp/ noahlsm/ Noah_LSM_USERGUIDE_ 2.7.1.htm).

Mitchell Ken (2007), Memo on Landuse Classifications Relevant to NLDAS, 24

April, 1-8 (available on line http://www.ral.ucar.edu).

Mitchell, K., Lohmann, D., Houser, P. R., and Coauthors (2004), The multiinstitution

North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS): Utilizing multiple GCIP

products and partners in a continental distributed hydrological modeling system, J.

Geophys. Res., 109, D07S90, doi:10.1029/2003JD003823.

Mlawer, E.J, Taubman S.J., Brown P.D., Iacano M.J. & Clough S.A. (1997),

Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmosphere: RRTM, a validate correlated-k

model for the longwave, J.Geophys.Res, 102 , pp16663-16682.

Monin, A. S., & Obukhov A. M., (1954), Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the

surface layer of the atmosphere (in Russian), Contrib. Geophys. Inst. Acad. Sci.

USSR, 151, pp63–187.

Mooley, D. A., and Parthasarathy, B., (1984), Indian summer monsoon and El Nino ,

Pure and Applied Geophys., 121, 339-352.

Mukhopadhyay, P., S. Taraphdar, B. N. Goswami, K. Krishnakumar, (2010), Indian

Summer Monsoon Precipitation Climatology in a High-Resolution Regional Climate

154

Page 20: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Model: Impacts of Convective Parameterization on Systematic Biases. Wea.

Forecasting,25, 369–387. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009WAF2222320.1

Naidu C.V., Muni Krishna K., Ramalingeswara Rao S., Bhanu Kumar, K O.S.R.U..

Durgalakshmi, Ramakrishna S.S.V.S., (2011), Variations of Indian summer monsoon

rainfall induce the weakening of easterly jet stream in the warming environment?,

Global and Planetary Change, Volume 75, Issues 1–2, Pages 21-30, ISSN 0921-

8181,http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.10.001.

Normand, C., (1953), Monsoon seasonal forecasting. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 79,

463–473.

Pai D. S., (2010), Long Range Forecasting of Southwest Monsoon Rainfall over

India ,Monsoon Monograph Vol.1, (IMD), edited by Asnani et al, 401-437.

Pai, D. S., (2003), Teleconnections of Indian summer monsoon with global surface

air temperature anomalies , Mausam, 54, 407-418.

Palmer, T. N and Coauthors, (2004), Development of a European multimodel

ensemble system for seasonal-to-interannual prediction (DEMETER), Bull. Am.

Meteorol. Soc.,85, 853– 872, doi:10.1175/BAMS-85-6-853.

Pan, H.-L., and Marht, L (1987), Interaction between soil hydrology and boundary-

layer development, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 38, 185–202.

Pant, G. B. and Parthasarathy, B., (1981), Some aspects of an association between

the Southern Oscillation and Indian summer monsoon , Arch. Meteor. Geophys.

Biokl, B29,245-252.

Paolino, Daniel A., James L. Kinter, Ben P. Kirtman, Dughong Min, David M. Straus

(2012), The Impact of Land Surface and Atmospheric Initialization on Seasonal

Forecasts with CCSM. J. Climate, 25, 1007–1021.

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI3934.1.

155

Page 21: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Patil M.N., (2006), Aerodynamic drag coefficient and roughness length for three

seasons over a tropical western Indian station, Atmospheric Research, Volume 80,

Issue 4,Pages 280-293, ISSN 0169-8095,

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.10.005.

Pattanaik DR, and Arun Kumar, (2010) Prediction of summer monsoon rainfall over

India using the NCEP climate forecast system. Climate Dynamics. DOI:

10.1007/s00382-009-0648-y.

Preethi B, Kripalani RH, Kumar KK, (2010), Indian summer monsoon rainfall

variability in global coupled ocean-atmospheric models. Clim Dyn 35, December

2010, Volume 35,Issue 7-8, pp 1521-1539.

Qian, T., Dai, A., Trenberth, K. E. and Oleson, K. W. (2006), Simulation of global

land surface conditions from 1948 to 2004. Part I: forcing data and evaluations. J.

Hydrometeorol., 7, 953–975.

Rajeevan M, Bhate J, Kale J D and Lal B., (2006), High resolution daily gridded

rainfall data for the Indian region: Analysis of break and active monsoon spells;Curr.

Sci., 91 (3), 296–306.

Rajeevan M and Nanjundiah RS (2009), Coupled model simulations of twentieth

century climate of the Indian summer monsoon., Current trends in science, platinum

jubilee volume of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Indian Academy of

Science,Bangalore, India, pp 537–568 .

Rajeevan M, Sulochana Gadgil and Jyoti Bhate, (2010), Active and break spells of

the Indian summer monsoon, J. Earth Syst. Sci.119, No. 3, June 2010, pp. 229–247.

Rajeevan, M and D. S. Pai. (2007), On the El Niño-Indian monsoon predictive

relationships, Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 34, Issue 4. L04704.

Rajeevan, M and Pai, D. S., (2007), On the El Nino-Indian Monsoon predictive

relationships , 2007, Geophys.Res.Letters, Vol.34, doi: 10.1029/2006GL028916.

156

Page 22: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Rajeevan, M, D.S. Pai, and V. Thapliyal, (2002), Predictive Relationships between

Indian Ocean Sea surface temperatures and Indian summer monsoon rainfall.

Mausam, 53, 337-348.

Rajeevan, M., (2001), Prediction of Indian summer monsoon: Status, Problems and

prospects, Current Science, 81,101-107.

Rajeevan, M., (2010), Global Teleconnections of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall

Variability , Monsoon Monograph Vol.1, (IMD), edited by Asnani et al, 238-290.

Rajeevan, M., and Latha Sridhar (2008), Interannual relationship between Atlantic

sea surface temperature anomalies and Indian summer monsoon, Geophys. Res. Lett.,

35,L21704, doi:10.1029/2008GL036025.

Rajeevan, M., D.S.Pai, R.Anil Kumar and B.Lal, (2007), New Statistical models for

long-range forecasting of southwest monsoon rainfall over India, Climate Dynamics,

DOI 10.1007/s00382-006-019706.

Rajendran, K., Nanjundiah, R. and Srinivasan, J. (2002), The impact of surface

hydrology on the simulationof tropical intraseasonal oscillation in NCAR (CCM2)

atmospheric GCM. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. Ser. II, 80, 1357–1381.

Rajendran, K., A. Kitoh, S. Yukimoto, (2004), South and East Asian Summer

Monsoon Climate and Variation in the MRI Coupled Model (MRI-CGCM2). J.

Climate, 17, 763-782. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-

0442(2004)017<0763:SAEASM>2.0.CO;2.

Ramamurthy, R., (1969), Monsoons of India : some aspects of the 'break' in the south

west monsoon during July-August. Forecasting Manual, Part IV No. 18.3, India

Meteorological Department, Poona, 13 pp.

Ramage CS. (1971), Monsoon Meteorology. Int.Geophys. Ser., Vol. 15. San Diego,

CA: Academic. 296 pp.

157

Page 23: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Rao, K. G., and B. N. Goswami, (1988) Interannual variations of sea surface

temperature over the Arabian Sea and the Indian monsoon: A new perspective. Mon.

Wea. Rev., 116,558–568.

Rao, Y.P., (1976), Southwest Monsoon. Meteorological Monograph (Synoptic

Meteorology), No.1/1976, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, 366pp.

Rasmusson, E.M. and Carpenter, T.H., (1983), The relationship between eastern

equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature and rainfall over India and Sri Lanka,

Mon.Wea.Rev.,111, 517528.

Ratnam, J. V., S. K. Behera, Y. Masumoto, K. Takahashi, and T. Yamagata, (2011),

A simple regional coupled model experiment for summer-time climate simulation

over southern Africa. Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-011-1190-2.

Rienecker, Michele M., and Coauthors, (2011), MERRA: NASA’s Modern-Era

Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. J. Climate, 24, 3624–3648.

Robock, A., K. Y. Vinnikov, G. Srinivasan, J. K. Entin, S. E. Hollinger, N. A.

Speranskaya, S. Liu, and A. Namkhai, , (2000), The Global Soil Moisture Data Bank,

Bull.Am. Meteorol. Soc., 81, 1281–1299.

Rodell, M., Houser, P. R., Jambor, U., Gottschalck, J., Mitchell, K., Meng, C.-J.,

Arsenault, K., Cosgrove, B., Radakovich, J., Bosilovich, M., Entin, J. K., Walker, J.

P., Lohmann, D., and Toll, D.(2004), The Global Land Data Assimilation System, B.

Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85(3), 381–394.

Rodwell M J (1997), Breaks in the Asian monsoon: The influence of Southern

Hemisphere weather systems;J. Atmos.Sci.542597–2611.

Rosati, A., K. Miyakoda, and R. Gudgel, (1997), The impact of ocean initial

conditions on ENSO forecasting with a coupled model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 754–

772.

158

Page 24: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Sabre, M., K. Hodges, K. Laval, J. Polcher, F. Désalmand, (2000), Simulation of

Monsoon Disturbances in the LMD GCM. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3752–3771.doi:

http://dx.doi.org /10.1175/ 1520-0493(2001)129<3752:SOMDIT>2.0.CO;2.

Saha, S. K., S. Halder, A. S. A. Rao, and B. N. Goswami (2012), Modulation of ISOs

by land-atmosphere feedback and contribution to the interannual variability of Indian

summer monsoon, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2011JD017291.

Saha, S. K., S. Halder, K. K. Kumar, and B. N. Goswami, (2011) Pre-onset land

surface processes and ‘internal’ interannual variabilities of the indian summer

monsoon, Clim.Dyn., 36, 2077–2089.

Sahany, S., V. Venugopal, and R. S. Nanjundiah (2010), Diurnal-scale signatures of

monsoon rainfall over the Indian region from TRMM satellite observations,J.

Geophys.Res., 115, D02103, doi:10.1029/2009JD012644.

Saji NH, Goswami BN, Vinayachandran PN, Yamagata T (1999), A dipole mode in

the tropical Indian ocean. Nature 401: 360–363.

Salas Melia, D. (2002), A global coupled sea ice-ocean model, Ocean Modell., 4,

137-172, doi:10.1016/S1463-5003(01)00015-4.

Santanello, Joseph A., Christa D. Peters-Lidard, Sujay V. Kumar, (2011), Diagnosing

the Sensitivity of Local Land–Atmosphere Coupling via the Soil Moisture–Boundary

Layer Interaction. J. Hydrometeor, 12, 766–786.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-

D-10-05014.1.

Seneviratne SI, Luthi D, Litschi M, Schar C (2006), Land-atmosphere coupling and

climate change in Europe. Nature 443:205–209.

Sen Roy, S. and Balling, R. C. (2007), Diurnal variations in summer season

precipitation in India. Int. J. Climatol., 27: 969–976. doi: 10.1002/joc.1458.

Shukla, J., (1987), Interannual variability of monsoons. Monsoons. Editors: Jay

S.Fein and Pamela L. Stephens, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 399‑464.

159

Page 25: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Shukla, J. (1981), Dynamical predictability of monthly means, J. Atmos. Sci., 38,

2547-2572.

Shukla, J. and Paolino D. A, (1983), The Southern Oscillation and long range

forecasting of summer monsoon rainfall over India . Mon Wea Rev, 111, 1830-1837.

Shukla, J. and Y. Mintz, (1982), The influence of land surface evapotranspiration on

the earth's climate. Science, 214, 1498-1501.

Shukla, J., and Coauthors, (2000) Dynamical Seasonal Prediction. Bull. Amer.

Meteor. Soc., 81, 2593–2606. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/ 15200477(2000)081

<2593:DSP >2.3.CO;2.

Sikka, D. R., (1980), Some aspects of the large-scale fluctuations of summer

monsoon rainfall over India in relation to fluctuations in the planetary and regional

scale circulation parameters. Proc. Indian Natl. Acad. Sci., 89, 179–195.

Sikka (2010), Scientific Studies on the South West Monsoon – Past, Present and

Prospects’, Monsoon Monograph Vol.1, (IMD), edited by Asnani et al, 1-77.

Sikka DR. (1980), Some aspects of the large scale fluctuations of summer monsoon

rainfall over India in relation to fluctuations in the planetary and regional scale

circulation parameters. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Earth Planet. Sci. 89:179–95.

Sikka, D.R. and Gadgil, S., (1980), On the maximum cloud zone and the ITCZ over

Indian longitudes during the southwest monson. Mon.Wea.Rev., 108, 1840-1853.

Singh R. P, D. R. Mishra, A. K. Sahoo & S. Dey (2005), Spatial and temporal

variability of soil moisture over India using IRS P4 MSMR data, International

Journal of Remote Sensing, 26:10, 2241-2247.

Smith, D. M., S. Cusack, A. W. Colman, C. K. Folland, G. R. Harris and J. M.

Murphy, (2007), Improved surface temperature prediction for the coming decade

from a global climate model, Science, 317, 796-799, doi:10.1126/science.1139540.

160

Page 26: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Smith, T.M., and R.W. Reynolds, (2004), Improved Extended Reconstruction of SST

(1854-1997). Journal of Climate, 17, 2466-2477.

Sperber, K. R. and Palmer, T. N. (1996), Interannual tropical rainfall variability in

general circulation model simulations associated with the atmospheric model

intercomparison project. J. Climate, 9, 2727– 2750.

Sperber, K. R., Brankovic, C., Deque, M., Frederiksen, C. S., Graham, R., Kitoh, A.,

Kobayashi, C., Palmer, T., Puri, K., Tennant, W . and Volodin, E. (2001), Dynamical

seasonal predictability of the Asian summer monsoon. Mon. Weather Rev ., 129,

2226– 2248.

Sperber, K. R., Slingo, J. M. and Annamalai, H. (2000), Predictability and the

relationship between subseasonal and interannual variability during the Asian

summer monsoon. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 126: 2545–2574. doi:

10.1002/qj.49712656810.

Sreekala PP, Vijaya Bhaskara Rao S, Rajeevan M. (2011), Northeast monsoon

rainfall activity over south peninsular India and its teleconnections. Theor. Appl.

Climatol. 108:73–83, DOI: 10.1007/s00704-011-0513-x

Srinivas, C. V., Hariprasad, D., Bhaskar Rao, D. V., Anjaneyulu, Y., Baskaran, R.

and Venkatraman, B. (2013), Simulation of the Indian summer monsoon regional

climate using advanced research WRF model. Int. J. Climatol., 33: 1195–1210.

doi:10.1002/joc.3505.

Steiner AL, Pal JS, Rauscher SA, Bell JL, Diffenbaugh NS, Boone A, Sloan LC,

Giorgi F (2009) Land surface coupling in regional climate simulations of the West

African monsoon. Clim Dyn.doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0543-6.

Stockdale Timothy N.,David L. T. Anderson, Magdalena A. Balmaseda, Francisco

Doblas-Reyes,Laura Ferranti,Kristian Mogensen, Timothy N. Palmer, Franco

Molteni, Frederic Vitart, (2011), ECMWF seasonal forecast system 3 and its

161

Page 27: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

prediction of sea surface temperature, Climate Dynamics, Volume 37, Issue 3-4, pp

455-471.

Sud, Y. C. and Smith, W.E., (1985), Influence of land surface processes on the

Indian monsoon – a numerical study , J. Climatol.Appl.Meteor.,24, 1015-1036.

Susmitha Joseph, A. K. Sahai,B. N. Goswami (2010), Boreal summer intraseasonal

oscillations and seasonal Indian monsoon prediction in DEMETER coupled models,

Climate Dynamics, Volume 35, Issue 4, pp 651-667.

Takata, K., K. Saitoa, and T. Yasunari (2009), Changes in the Asian monsoon

climate during 1700–1850 induced by preindustrial cultivation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.

U. S. A.,106, 9586–9589, doi:10.1073/pnas.0807346106.

Taraphdar, S. P. Mukhopadhyay, B. N. Goswami. (2010), Predictability of Indian

summer monsoon weather during active and break phases using a high resolution

regional model. Geophysical Research Letters, 37:21

Taylor C M and Coauthors (2011), New perspectives on land–atmosphere feedbacks

from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis, Volume 12, Issue 1, pages

38–44.

Terray, P. Delecluse, P. Labattu, S. and Terray, L., (2003), Sea surface temperature

associations with the late Indian summer monsoon, Climate Dynamics,

doi10.1007/s00382-003-0354-0.

Thapliyal, V. and Kulshrestha, S.M., (1992), Recent models for long-range

forecasting of south-west monsoon rainfall over India, Mausam, 43, 239-248.

Trenberth, K. E., Stepaniak, D. P., and Caron, J. M. (2000), The global monsoon as

seen through the divergent atmospheric circulation. Journal of Climate 13, 3969-

3993.

Turner AG, Inness PM, Slingo JM (2005), The role of the basic state in the ENSO-

monsoon relationship and implications for predictability. QJRMS 131(607):781–804.

162

Page 28: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Turner Andrew, Sperber KR, Slingo J, Meekl G, Mechoso CR, Kimoto M and

Giannini A, (2011), The Global Monsoon System : Research and Forecast, 2nd

Edition (Edited by Chang et al),WSS-MEA WSS-APWC,Vol.5 pp 421-454.

Van der Linden P., and J.F.B. Mitchell (eds.) (2009), ENSEMBLES: Climate Change

and its Impacts: Summary of research and results from the ENSEMBLES project.

Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK. 160pp. (available

on line:http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf).

Vernekar K. G.,S. Sinha,L. K. Sadani,S. Sivaramakrishnan,S. S. Parasnis,Brij

Mohan,S. Dharmaraj,M. N. Patil,J. S. Pillai,B. S. Murthy,S. B. Debaje,A.

Bagavathsingh, (2003), Boundary-Layer Meteorology,Vol. 106, Issue 3, pp 561-572.

Vernekar, Anandu D., and Yimin Ji, (1999), Simulation of the Onset and

Intraseasonal Variability ofTwo Contrasting Summer Monsoons. J. Climate, 12,

1707–1725. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-

0442(1999)012<1707:SOTOAI>2.0.CO;2.

Waliser D., (2006), Intraseasonal variability in Asian monsoons (ed.) Wang B,

Springer Praxis, Chichester, UK, pp 203–257.

Waliser, D. E., Stern, W., Schubert, S. and Lau, K. M. (2003), Dynamic

predictability of intraseasonal variability associated with the Asian summer

monsoon. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 129: 2897–2925. doi: 10.1256/qj.02.51.

Walker, G.T.(1923), Correlations in seasonal variations of weather. A preliminary

study of world weather. Mem. Indian Meteorol. Dept,24,75-131.

Walker, G.T.(1924), Correlations in seasonal variations of weather.IX: A further

study of world weather. Mem. Indian Meteorol. Dept,24(9), 275-332.

Walker, J. and Rowntree, P. R. (1977), The effect of soil moisture on circulation and

rainfall in a tropical model. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 103: 29–46.

doi:10.1002/qj.49710343503.

163

Page 29: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Wang B, Ding Q, and Liu J, (2011), Concept of Global monsoon , The Global

Monsoon System : Research and Forecast, 2nd Edition (Edited by Chang et al),WSS-

MEA WSS APWC,Vol.5, 3-14.

Wang B, Kang IS, Lee YJ (2004), Ensemble simulations of AsianAustralian

monsoon variability during 1997/1998 El Nino by 11 AGCMs. J Clim 17:803–818.

Wang, B., Ding, A., Fu, X, Karg, I. S., Jin, K. and Shukla, J. and Reyer, F. D.,.

(2005), Fundamental challenge in simulation and prediction of summer monsoon

rainfall , Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L 1577, doi: 10. 1029 / 2005 GL022, 734.

Webster, P. J. (1983), Mechanisms of low-frequency variability: Surface

hydrological effects, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2110– 2124.

Webster, P. J. and. Yang, S., (1992), Monsoon and ENSO: Selectively interactive

systems , Quart.J.Roy.Met.Soc., 118, 877-926.

Webster, P. J., (2006), The coupled monsoon system, in the Asian monsoon , (ed. B.

Wang), 1-66.

Webster, P. J., Magana, V. O., Palmer, T. N., Shukla, J., Tomas, R. A., Yanai, M.

and Yasunari, T., (1998), Monsoons: Processes, Predictability, and the prospects for

prediction, J.Geophys. Res., 103, 14451-14510.

Weisheimer, A.,F. J. Doblas-Reyes, T. N. Palmer, A. Alessandri, A. Arribas, M.

Deque, N. Keenlyside, M. MacVean, A. Navarra, and P. Rogel (2009),

ENSEMBLES: A new multi-model ensemble for seasonal-to-annual predictions—

Skill and progress beyond DEMETER in forecasting tropical Pacific SSTs, Geophys.

Res. Lett., 36, L21711,doi:10.1029/2009GL040896.

Wu, R., and B. P. Kirtman, (2007), Role of Indian Ocean in the biennial transition of

the Indian summer monsoon. J. Climate, 20, 2147-2164.

164

Page 30: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Xie P and Arkin PA (1997), Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based

on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bull Amer

Meteor Soc78:2539 – 2558

Xue, Y., H.-M. H. Juang, W.-P. Li, S. Prince, R. DeFries, Y. Jiao, and R. Vasic

(2004), Role of land surface processes in monsoon development: East Asia and West

Africa, J.Geophys. Res., 109, D03105, doi:10.1029/2003JD003556.

Yang Fanglin, Arun Kumar, K-M. Lau. (2004), Potential Predictability of U.S.

Summer Climate with Perfect Soil Moisture. Journal of Hydrometeorology 5:5,

883-895.

Yang, Song, Zuqiang Zhang, Vernon E. Kousky, R. Wayne Higgins, Soo-Hyun Yoo,

Jianyin Liang, Yun Fan, (2008), Simulations and Seasonal Prediction of the Asian

Summer Monsoon in the NCEP Climate Forecast System. J. Climate, 21, 3755–3775.

doi:10.1175/2008JCLI1961.1.

Yasunari, T., (1979), Cloudiness fluctuations associated with the northern

Hemisphere summer monson. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 57, 227-242.

Yasunari, T., (2006), Land-Atmosphere interaction, In The Asian Monsoon Bin

Wang (Ed), Springer, 459-477.

Yeh, T.-C., Wetherald, R. T. and Manabe, S. (1984), The effect of soil moisture on

the short-term climate and hydrology change: A numerical experiment. Mon.

Weather Rev., 112, 474–490

Yu, L., X. Jin, and R. A. Weller, (2008), Multidecade Global Flux Datasets from the

Objectively Analyzed Air-sea Fluxes (OAFlux) Project: Latent and sensible heat

fluxes, ocean evaporation, and related surface meteorological variables. Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institution, OAFlux Project Technical Report. OA-2008-01, 64pp.

Woods Hole. Massachusetts.

165

Page 31: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF LAND SURFACE PROCESSES ON THE ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/100999/14/14_reference… · References _ Bhanu kumar OSRU, Naidu CV, Rao SRL. (2004),

References _

Zeng, N., J. D. Neelin, and C. J. Tucker, (1999), Enhancement of interdecadal

climate variability in the Sahel by vegetation interaction. Science, 286, 1537–1540.

Zhang, J., L. Wu, and W. Dong (2011), Land atmosphere coupling and summer

climate variability over East Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D05117,

doi:10.1029/2010JD014714.

Zhang, J., W.C. Wang, and L. R. Leung (2008), Contribution of land atmosphere

coupling to summer climate variability over the contiguous United States, J.

Geophys.Res., 113, D22109, doi:10.1029/2008JD010136.

Zilitinkevich, S. S., (1995), Non-local turbulent transport: Pollution dispersion

aspects of coherent structure of convective flow, in: Air Pollution, Vol. 1, Air

Pollution Theory and Simulation, edited by: Power, H., Moussiopoulos, N., and

Brebbia, C. A., Computational Mechanics Publication, Southampton, 53–60.

Zubair L, Ropelewski CF. (2006), The strengthening relationship between ENSO and

northeast monsoon rainfall over Sri Lanka and southern India.J. Clim. 19: 1567–

1575.

166