a subsidence monitoring project using a polarimetric gb-sar...
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Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
A Subsidence Monitoring Project using a Polarimetric A Subsidence Monitoring Project using a Polarimetric GBGB--SAR SensorSAR Sensor
Universitat PolitUniversitat Politèècnica de Catalunya (UPC)cnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Dept. de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Barcelona, Dept. de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Barcelona, SpainSpain
PolInSAR – 22-26 January 2007 ESA-ESRIN Frascati (Italy)
Luca Pipia, Xavier Fabregas, Albert Aguasca, Carlos LopezLuca Pipia, Xavier Fabregas, Albert Aguasca, Carlos Lopez--Martinez, Martinez, Jordi. Jordi. J. J. MallorquiMallorqui, Oscar Mora(1), Oscar Mora(1)
(1)(1)InstitutInstitut CartogrCartogrààficfic de de CatalunyaCatalunya (ICC)(ICC)
ParcParc de de MontjuicMontjuic, 08036, Barcelona, Spain, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
UPC3
Slide 1
UPC3 UPC, 28/11/2004
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
ContentsContents
Introduction
Test-Site Description
Measuring Campaign Organization
PolSAR Data Acquisition and Calibration
Polarimetric Urban Environment Analysis
Daily and Extended Temporal Analysis
Coherence VS Amplitude Approach: First Results
Urban Targets Instability
Summary and Conclusions
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
TestTest--Site DescriptionSite Description
Sallent Village
Estació District
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
TestTest--Site DescriptionSite Description
On-Going Subsidence Phenomenon: Deformation Speed (2cm/year)
Multiple set of techniques:topographic leveling, geological mapping, geophysic prospection, extensometric measurements, drilling
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
UPC GB-SAR Position
Nº : 41 49 4.8
Eº : 1 54 8.9
H : 361 (m)
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
UPC Ground-Based SAR Sensor
2.5m
RF-Block+ Deramping
Signal Generation Unit +PC with
Sampling Card
Observation Geometry
POL-InSAR Antennas (Bistatic Configuration)
POL-SAR Antennas
80 cm
TX RX
RXDDS Chipset-Based
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
Mine’sTransport Belt
Ground-step Profile
Buildings
Sallent: Imagen Span
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
Hill Slope
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
PolSAR Data Acquisition and CalibrationPolSAR Data Acquisition and Calibration
Measurement Campaign:
Zero-baseline PolSAR Data acquired every 20 minutes for at least 7 hours
Polarimetric Calibration: [ ] hh hv hh hv hh hv
vh vv vh vv vh vv
R R S S T TM N
R R S S T T⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
= +⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Corner Reflector Response: Polarization Purity 30dB GB-System with a Diagonal Distortion Matrix
Time for Polarimetric Scanning: 2min:20 sec (2m - 200 points- 128 Time AVG)
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
PolSAR Data Acquisition and CalibrationPolSAR Data Acquisition and Calibration
Polarimetric Calibration:GB-System with a
Diagonal Distortion Matrix
2hh hh
hv hv
vh vh
vv vv
M Y k SM YkSM Y kSM YS
α
α
=
==
=[ ] hh
vv vvvv
RYk R T
R⎡ ⎤
= ⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦
vv hh
vv hh
R TT R
α =1 Pure Co-Polar Target (Corner Reflector)
1 Pure Cross-Polar Target (45ºBruderhedral)(Ulaby, Elachi 1990)
55 cm65 cm
Cylinder Curvature Radius : 2.5m
Bruderhedral Dimensions
GBSAR Real Data
GRECO Simulator
45 cm[ ] 0 1
1 0BrudS k
⎡ ⎤= ⎢ ⎥
⎣ ⎦
19dB
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
Polarimetric Urban Environment AnalysisPolarimetric Urban Environment Analysis
Pauli’s Decomposition: RGB Images
Simple Weighted by span
Trihedral-Like or Odd Bounce
Dihedral-Like or Even Bounce
45º Dihedral-Like or Volume
Scattering Mechanism
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
Daily and Extended Temporal AnalysisDaily and Extended Temporal Analysis
Sequence of PolSAR Data
First 10 measures discarded for devices heating
Al least 20 useful datasets for each day of measure
Day1_Sallnt01
Day1_Sallnt02
Day1_Sallnt03
…
Day1_SallntN1
ATM Compensation (M1) (1)
Day1ATMComp_Sallnt01
Day1ATMComp_Sallnt02
Day1ATMComp_Sallnt03
…
Day1ATMComp_SallntN1
Day1ATMComp_PolCalSallnt01
Day1ATMComp_PolCalSallnt02
Day1ATMComp_PolCalSallnt03
…
Day1ATMComp_PolCalSallntN1
Polarimetric CAL
Averaged-Day
(1) L.Pipia et Al., “Atmospheric Artifact Estimation and Compensation in Differential Polarimetric GB-SAR Acquisitions”, EUSAR06, Dresden, Germany
Example (Time delay 4 hours):10am-2pm
Cross-Range(m)
[ ]iSΣAdditive Noise Reduction
time
Hyp – No Subsidence effects
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
[ ]iS
Daily and Extended Temporal AnalysisDaily and Extended Temporal Analysis
Averaged Day-1
[ ]iSΣ ATM Compensation (DAY1-DAY2,3…)Averaged Day- 2
[ ]iSΣ
Master
Averaged Day- 3
[ ]iSΣAveraged Day- 4
[ ]iSΣ[ ]iSΣAveraged Day- N
[ ]iSΣAtmospheric Conditions are referred to the master DATASET
17:009:00
17:308:30
11:3017:30
9:0015:00
10:2016:30
7:0013:00
11:0018:00
18-9/1228-9/1114/1120/1019/0926/0729/06MEASUREMENT DAYS
Collection of Calibrated Zero-Baseline Polarimetric Dataset
DATASETNi ...1=
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
HH Polarization June-July
Coherence VS Amplitude Approach: First ResultsCoherence VS Amplitude Approach: First Results
Coherence-Based Analysis Amplitude-Based AnalysisDifferential Phase
7x7 Box Car (Pixels size: 1.5x1.5 m2) SLC (Pixels size: 1.5x1.5 m2)
Amplitude Mask based Stability
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
HH Polarization June-September
Coherence VS Amplitude Approach: First ResultsCoherence VS Amplitude Approach: First Results
Coherence-Based Analysis Amplitude-Based AnalysisDifferential PhaseAmplitude Mask based Stability
7x7 Box Car (Pixels size: 1.5x1.5 m2) SLC (Pixels size: 1.5x1.5 m2)
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
HH Polarization June-November
Coherence VS Amplitude Approach: First ResultsCoherence VS Amplitude Approach: First Results
Coherence-Based Analysis Amplitude-Based AnalysisDifferential PhaseAmplitude Mask based Stability
7x7 Box Car (Pixels size: 1.5x1.5 m2) SLC (Pixels size: 1.5x1.5 m2)
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
HH Polarization June-December
Coherence VS Amplitude Approach: First ResultsCoherence VS Amplitude Approach: First Results
Coherence-Based Analysis Amplitude-Based AnalysisDifferential PhaseAmplitude Mask based Stability
7x7 Box Car (Pixels size: 1.5x1.5 m2) SLC (Pixels size: 1.5x1.5 m2)
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
Coherence VS Amplitude Approach: First ResultsCoherence VS Amplitude Approach: First Results
Linear Deformation Speed can be retrieved
The estimation error reduced by merging polarimetric information
4vert
Rrh
π φλ
⎛ ⎞∆ = ∆⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠
Polarimetric Differential Displacement Retrieval(Coherent Approach)
Advanced Differential Technique can be now applied (CPT)
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
Urban Targets InstabilityUrban Targets Instability
How to merge the Differential Polarimetric Information?
Nocturnal Monitor Activity
What criterion to Weight each polarization Channel?
What Polarization must be trusted?
Very high jumps (Amplitude and Phase)
Data acquired from 6pm of Dec.18th to 9am on Dec.19th.Fixed Corner Reflector (600m)
Polarimetric ResponseNo System Failure Occurred!!!
Data acquired from 9am to 3pm on October 20th
Diurnal Monitoring Activity
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
Urban Targets InstabilityUrban Targets Instability
DAY1 DAY2 DAY3 DAY4 DAY5 DAY6 DAY7
Fixed Trihedral : Temporal Profile of Pauli’s Components
17:009:00
17:308:30
11:3017:30
9:0015:00
10:2016:30
7:0013:00
11:0018:00
PolSAR Cross-Range Profile
Pauli’s RGB Image
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
Urban Targets InstabilityUrban Targets Instability
DAY1
DAY2
DAY3
DAY4
DAY5
DAY6
DAY7
TARGET 1
TARGET 2
Pauli’s RGB weighted by SpanWhat Polarimetric information must be trusted?
17:009:00
17:308:30
11:3017:30
9:0015:00
10:2016:30
7:0013:00
11:0018:00
Electromagnetic Engineering & Photonics Group Signal Theory and Communications
Summary and ConclusionsSummary and ConclusionsA Subsidence Monitoring Project using an X-Band PolInSAR Ground-Based Sensor has been presented
using a PolSAR Data Temporal Series
The polarimetric description of the district under observation using the Pauli’s Decomposition revealed that at X-Band in the GBSAR acquisition geometry the cross-polar contribution is not essential .
First results using a single-polarization approach for the three polarimetric channels (HH, HV, VV) have been shown. A processing scheme for daily and extended temporal analysis that takes into account the atmospheric artefact effects has been proposed.
Quantitative results about the subsidence phenomenon can be improved using a more sophisticated approach. A stability criterion for pixels selection must be applied. The combined analysis of the co-polar channels turns out to be useful for increasing the number of the reliable pixels.
The polarimetric signature of urban target at X-Band revealed being extremely variable in time. Measurements performed at different moment of the day showed fluctuations in the polarimetric response of the target related to the dynamic structure that a urban environmental assumes during the 24hours. The night turned out to be the best moment to acquire X-Band data, both for atmosphere and for targets’ stability.
The problem of urban target fluctuations during a whole day at X-Band is surely increased by the acquisition geometry of Ground-based SAR sensor. Nevertheless, the wavelength is supposed to play a key-role due to its sensitivity to the geometrical properties of deterministic targets.