a summary of kentucky’s and other u.s. states’ programswaste.ky.gov/rla/waste...
TRANSCRIPT
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A Summary of Kentucky’s and other U.S. States’ Programs
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Waste Tire Program Components
Funding
Permitting & Enforcement
Tire Pile Abatement
Amnesty and Ongoing Generation
Market Development
Oxford Tire Pile #8 Westley CA 1999
Burtynsky
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How states raise money for their scrap tire programs
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Funding
Two types of programs:
Free market
○ State focuses on pile abatement, market
development, permitting, enforcement
○ Fee is lower, such as $1 per new tire
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Funding
Free Market:
Waste tire: Consumer to Retailer to
Transporter to Processor to Market
Successfully used by most states, except
where political interference
○ NY & CA skipped TDF & forced crumb rubber
○ CO relied on monofills
○ All are re-planning
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Funding
Free Market:
Retailers charge about $2.00
Transporters charge about $1.50
Processors charge about $1.00
Processors sell product
$1 fee is additional and goes to state
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Funding
Two types of programs (Con'td):
State-run:
○ State pays set fees to transporters and
processors; as well as other state program
features
○ Fee is higher such as $1.35 per tire in TN, $2
for auto and $3 for truck tires in OK, 2%
($1.50-2.50) in NC
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Funding
Two types of programs (Con'td):
State-run (Con’td):
○ TX spent $70M processing tires from piles,
incurred $50M unfunded liability, and then
stopped program. Used General Fund to
clean up.
○ NC, OK & LA are short funds periodically
since more tires collected than generated
(despite tight manifest system)
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Funding: State Fees
KY DEP, 2009
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Funding: State Fees
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Funding: Collection
Tire Retailer (30 states)
KY Dept. of Revenue (DOR)
○ Most DOR’s reimbursed on %
○ KY: $50,000/yr. flat fee
KY collects $2.6M of $3.5M (74%)
○ Other states: RI 50% to FL 95%
○ Enforcement is necessary
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Funding: Collection
Tire Wholesaler (3 states, OH 78%, MS
88%)
Annual Vehicle Registration (SD)
New Car ($4) or Truck ($90) Title (WV)
Used Car & Truck Transfer (WV, MI)
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Funding: Use
Restrict to waste tire programs
In 2008, KY legislature swept $500,000
GA, NY, FL: Legislature routinely
sweeps all or most funds for General
Fund
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Funding: Use SD: Transportation receives $.
Sweeping leads to public liability (less
enforcement, more piles, mosquito-born
illnesses)
Non-tire use may lead to loss of political
support for fee.
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How states work with tire accumulators, transporters,
processors, retailers & auto salvage yards to achieve
compliance
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Permitting & Enforcement
KY:
Registrations: Paid for by $1/new tire Fee (Free to applicant)
Compliance & Enforcement (Field Ops): Could be paid for by $1 fee
Other States:
Fee
General Fund
Applicant pays cost
Enforcement for fee collection
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Permitting & Enforcement
KY Manifest:
Starts at Tire Retailer
Transporter
Accumulator
Processor returns copy to retailer to close
loop
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Permitting & Enforcement
Other States:
Retailer registration
CA: Web-based ($7M), has problems
Quarterly or Annual Report Summary
(FL) tracks tire movements
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Cleaning up abandoned waste tires
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Tire Pile Abatement
In 1991, KY had 10M tires in piles
All removed now
State will remediate newly discovered piles
Consider pre-selection of approved
contractors
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Tire Pile Abatement
Other states:
Use enforcement for cost recovery
Piles and fires return when fee & program
sunset
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When Program Ends
Los Reales
Landfill Tire
Fire Tucson
AZ 1989
Rick Wiley
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Ongoing waste tire generation
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Amnesties
KY has ongoing amnesties
Very popular
Handled 13% of market in 2010 and 20% in
2011
Needs restricting to homeowners and
farmers vs. retailers, auto salvage yards,
truck tire dealers, out of state persons
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Amnesties
Other states:
Usually all free-market (majority) or all-
government-run (AR, AZ, TN. NC. OK, LA)
Amnesty is usually one-time event
FL runs in counties with mosquito-bred
illness alert
Some Hybrid states
○ MS has 3 state-run collection centers
○ NE has county grant amnesty program (13 in
2010) (5-6-2010 JounalStar.com)
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Amnesties
Small grants to Counties to clean up
dumped tires in 2011:
EEC awarded $256,461 to 117 counties to
dispose 249,312 tires
A total of $351,000 was offered but
$94,539 was returned
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Amnesties
Pros
Decreases unpermitted tire piles
Useful to homeowners and farmers
Recycled 17.8 million tires since 1998, or 31
loads for the U.S.S. Nimitz
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Amnesties
Cons
Undercuts free market
Unfair to consumers and retailers who pay
permitted haulers
Attracts tires from businesses or out-of-state
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Encouraging the free market through capitol project funding
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Market Development
KY funds part of capitol construction so
that use of tire derived products, such as
Tire Derived Fuel (TDF), competes
economically thereafter with its replaced
fuel.
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Market Development
Funded as initial loan converted to grant
based on actual tire usage.
Avoids abuse such as:
Equipment paid for by one state being sent
to another state
Granted systems never operating due to
minor adjustment needs or management
changes.
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Market Development
KY funded:
OMU (2001) $454,000 for 900,000 tires/yr.
(about $0.05 per tire)
NewPage (Westvaco, 2007) $750,000 for
3,750,000 tires ($0.20 per tire)
Kosmos (Lone Star & CEMEX) Tech assist
only, <$20,000 for 1.1 M tires/yr.
Annual crumb rubber grants for playgrounds
and athletic fields (not capital development)
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OMU
Tire Derived
Fuel: Metering
Unit at
Owensboro
Municipal
Utilities (OMU)
(KY DEP)
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OMU
Tire Derived Fuel:
TDF Pile at OMU
(KY DEP)
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Crumb Rubber Market
Development
•Playground
Mulch: City
of Carrollton
(KY DEP)
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36
Crumb Rubber Market
Development
• Athletic Fields: Boyle Co. HS (KY DEP)
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Market Development
Reimbursement stops, market may stop
unless other incentive arises:
Crumb rubber grants have helped Martin
Tire (now Liberty) and Dalton Tire get into
market
Schools report lower insurance premiums
because of rubber mulch on playgrounds
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Market Development
Other states funded:
TDF transportation subsidy (OR & WI):
Movements to out of state markets stopped
when funding ceased
Shredders (OH): Recipients had little market
knowledge, new markets did not develop
KY, Fl, IA capital development best (TAG
Resource Recovery).
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Market Development
Future (KY, crumb rubber):
Rubber pavements (testing, workshops,
travel for instructors)
Auto parts
TDF sells for $20-30 per ton, crumb rubber
for $0.12-0.18 per pound, or $160-$240/ton
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Future Market Development • Crumb Rubber Molded Products: (EPA Scrap Tire Work
Group 2010)
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Future Market Development •Rubberized Asphalt: Michelin Boulevard
Anderson County, SC (EPA WTWG 2010)
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Typical Program
Timeline
Early:
Fight tire pile fires, abate piles
Amnesties
Permitting, Compliance
Later:
Market Development
Enforcement
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Waste Tire Program Components
Questions?
George F. Gilbert, P.E.
Environmental Engineer Consultant
Director’s Office
Division of Waste Management
(502) 564-6716
Terry Gray
TAG Resource Recovery
Houston TX