A Survey of Packet Loss Recovery Techniques for Streaming Audio

Colin Perkins, Orion Hodson, and Vicky Hardman

University College LondonIEEE Network September/October 1998

Hung, Kuo-En NTHU/CS, Visual Communication Lab.

Outline

• Observed Network Situations• Sender-based repair

– Forward error correction– Interleaving– Retransmission

• Receiver-based repair– Insertion-based repair– Interpolation-based repair– Regeneration-based repair

• Summary

Observed network situations

Observed network situations (Cont’d)

Sender-based repair

Media-Independent FEC

• Parity coding• Reed-Solomon coding

– Take a set of codewords and use these as coefficients of a polynomial, f(x).

• Disadvantages– Delay imposed– Increased bandwidth– Difficult decoder implementation

Parity coding

Media-Specific FEC

Interleaving

Retransmission

• End to end delays need to be less than 250 ms

• Used for scalable reliable multicast (SRM)

Receiver-based repair

Insertion-based repair

• Splicing

• Silence substitution

• Noise substitution

• Repetition

Interpolation-based repair

• Waveform substitution

• Pitch waveform replication

• Time scale modification

Regeneration-based repair

• Interpolation of transmitted state

• Model-based recovery

Summary

• Rough quality/complexity trade-off for error concealment

• Sample error concealment techniques

Rough quality/complexity trade-off for error concealment

Sample error concealment techniques