a survey on bluetooth technology and its features

8/16/2019 A Survey on Bluetooth Technology and Its Features

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International Journal of Information and Technology IJIT) Volume 1 Issue 1, Mar-Apr 2015

ISSN: 2454-5414 www.ijitjournal.org Page 28

A Survey on Bluetooth Technology and Its FeaturesS.Shahina [1], G.Shanmugapriya [2]

Final Year,B.Tech,IT. Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai

Tamil Nadu –India

ABSTRACTBluetooth is technology which is highly used for transfer the data from one device to another devicewithout any cable connection that is using wireless connection. This technology will works within a shortrange of distance between two devices. The device may vary like one device may be a smart phone andanother device may be a computer or laptop or any electronic device which contains a Bluetooth chips.

Now Bluetooth technology have different versions and based on the version the data transfer speed mayvary. The latest version of Bluetooth 5.0Keywords:- Bluetooth, Wireless, Data Transfer, Media,

I. INTRODUCTION

BLUETOOTH Bluetooth is a wireless protocol utilizing short-range communications technology facilitatingdata transmission over short distances fromfixed and/or mobile devices, creating wireless

personal area networks (PANs). The intent behind the development of Bluetooth was thecreation of a single digital wireless protocol,capable of connecting multiple devices and

overcoming problems arising fromsynchronization of these devices.

Bluetooth protocol stack

“Bluetooth is defined as a layer protocolarchitecture consisting of core protocols, cablereplacement protocols, telephony control

protocols, and adopted protocols”.

Core protocols

Bluetooth’s core protocols form a five-layerstack, consisting of the following:

Bluetooth Radio – specifics details of the airinterface, including frequency, frequencyhopping, modulation scheme, and transmission

power.

Baseband – concerned with connection

establishment within a piconet, addressing, packet format, timing, and power control.

Link Manager Protocol (LMP) – establishesthe link setup between Bluetooth devices andmanages ongoing links, including securityaspects (e.g. authentication and encryption), andcontrol and negotiation of baseband packet size

Logical Link Control and AdaptationProtocol (L2CAP) – adapts the upper-layer

protocols to the baseband layer, providing both

connectionless and connection-oriented services.

Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) – handlesdevice information, services, and queries forservice characteristics between two or moreBluetooth devices.

Cable replacement protocol

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L2CAP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L2CAP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_network





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Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM)is the cable replacement protocol used to createa virtual serial port used to make replacement ofcable technologies transparent through minimalmodification of existing devices. RFCOMM

provides for binary data transport and emulatesEIA-232 (formerly RS-232) control signals overthe Bluetooth baseband layer.

Telephony control protocol

Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) isthe bit-oriented protocol that defines the callcontrol signaling for the establishment of voiceand data calls between Bluetooth devices.Additionally, “TCS BIN defines mobilitymanagement procedures for handling groups ofBluetooth TCS devices”

Adopted protocols

Adapted protocols are defined by otherstandards-making organizations andincorporated into Bluetooth’s protocol stack.,allowing Bluetooth to create protocols onlywhen necessary. The adopted protocols include:

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) – Internetstandard protocol for transporting IP datagramsover a point-to-point link

TCP/IP/UDP – Foundation Protocols forTCP/IP protocol suite

Object Exchange Protocol (OBEX) – Session-layer protocol for the exchange of objects,

providing a model for object and operationrepresentation

Wireless Application Environment / WirelessApplication Protocol (WAE/WAP) – WAE

specifies an application framework for wirelessdevices and WAP is an open standard to providemobile users access to telephony andinformation services.

II. BLUETOOTH DEVICES

Bluetooth exists in many products, such astelephones, modems and headsets. The

technology is useful when transferringinformation between two or more devices thatare near each other in low-bandwidth situations.Bluetooth is commonly used to transfer sounddata with telephones (i.e. with a Bluetoothheadset) or byte data with hand-held computers(transferring files).

Bluetooth protocols simplify the discovery andsetup of services between devices. Bluetoothdevices can advertise all of the services they

provide. This makes using services easier because more of the security, network addressand permission configuration can be automatedthan with many other network types.

Mobile Phone With a Bluetoothmobile phone, you cando the following:

Connect toyour PC totransfer filesand perform a

backup. Exchange

business cards,calendar entriesand photoswith otherusers

Use aBluetoothheadset forhands-freecalling

Use the phoneas a wirelessmodem fromyourBluetooth-enabled laptopor PDA

Connect to aBluetooth GPS unit for satellitenavigation

Handheld PDA There's a wide range ofBluetooth-enabled



http://www.filesaveas.com/gps.html



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ISSN: 2454-5414 www.ijitjournal.org 0

Pocket PC or Palm OS handheld computers onthe market. You canuse Bluetooth for thefollowing:

Connect toyour PC orlaptop totransfer files.

Share data withother users -includingcontacts, diaryentries,documents and

photos Connect to the

Internet forsurfing oremail, via aBluetooth-enabledmodem oraccess point

Connect to aBluetooth GPS unit for satellitenavigation

Phone Headset Hands-free calling fromyour mobile phone is

possible with the aid ofBluetooth. OK, so youmay end up lookinglike a Borg, butcombining a Bluetoothmobile phone with aheadset means you canuse your phone withoutholding it to your ear,and without all thosemessy headphonewires.

USB dongles and Most PCs and laptops

adapters don't have built-insupport for Bluetooth,

but for around £15, youcan add Bluetooth via aspecial USB Bluetoothadapter.

GPS Navigation Connect your PDA,laptop or mobile phonevia Bluetooth to a wire-free GPS receiver -these get a fix on yourlocation from orbitingnavigation satellitesand overlays your

position onto a mapand/or route planner.For for on real-timemapping and route

planning usingBluetooth, see our GPS

page .

Modem / Access point Allows users to connectto the Internet usingBluetooth.

The D-Link DBT-900AP BluetoothAccess Point isdesigned to extendLAN network servicesto Bluetooth-enableddevices such as laptopcomputers and PDAs.This Access Point

provides a new solutionfor wireless connectionof multiple users anddevices on a Bluetoothnetwork.

Printer / print adapter If you're looking to print without wires,



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here are someBluetooth options:

Look for to adedicatedBluetooth

printer, such asthe SamsungSSP-2040, orthe older HPDeskJet 995Cor HP DeskJet450wbt

Alternatively,you can buy aBluetooth printadapter that letsyou useBluetooth withyour existing

printer. Theseenable wireless

printing of dataor photos fromyourBluetooth-enableddesktop PC,laptop, PDAand mobile

phone. You'llfind a selectionof Bluetooth

print adapters

at online stores.

Finally,consider a

portableBluetooth

printer. Noexpensive ink

cartridges, send pics from your phone's camera by Bluetoothfor near instant

pics from thishandheldrechargeable

printer.

III. USING BLUETOOTH ASPASSENGER INTERFACE

Passengers travelling with FLYWAY® will

notice 3 interfaces with the system where theBluetooth technology is involved:

1. beamcars at station terminals2. When booking or ordering When

commandeering beamcars for their use3. When entering and leaving the beamcars

(they might notice the synchronization between the cabin doors and the cubicledoors).

Applying Bluetooth to FLYWAY´s passenger

interface

A "typical" station

We will here see how well the Bluetoothtechnology would fit the needs of an automaticcommuter system, by applying it on the"typical" FLYWAY® station shown below.Ithas 4 berths (or individual stops) in eachdirection of travel, and 8 information terminals.These terminals are equipped with a monitor andsome kind of keyboard, maybe also amicrophone and a small loudspeaker. Themicrophone and loudspeaker are for emergencyuse, however, and are not part of the system weare going to discuss here.

These terminals are part of the booking systemand the information system. They are alsoBluetooth-units, with transceivers that are able



http://www.swedetrack.com/flybook.htm

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to communicate with the small mobile unitscarried be the travelers on the platform

.

IV. GENERAL SITUATIONS

The Bluetooth specification states that any unitcan initiate a piconet communication. That unit

then becomes master. Illustration gives asimplified overview of the different states that aBluetooth unit can assume. The reality is a bitmore complex. For FLYWAY´s purposes, theideal is for each of these terminals to be mastersin their own piconets. In our example, the 8terminals at the station would thus be able toserve 8 * 7 = 56 travelers at any one moment.

When contact is attempted by a traveler´s unit,the terminal could be in any of 3 states:

1. Idle, in which case it is in STANDBY-mode.

2. Already master of a piconet with lessthan 7 slaves

Already master of a piconet with7 slaves

In case 1, the traveler´s unit initially assumes therole of master, since this is the unit that takes theinitiative. But they quickly change roles, and forthe duration of the session, the terminal is themaster.

In case 2, the traveler´s unit joins the existing piconet.

In case 3, the terminal won´t answer. The passenger will have to move on the platform, to(hopefully) get within range of a terminal thatcan take on one more slave unit. Or, he can keeptrying for contact at the place where he is; thewaiting period before a Bluetooth terminalreleases a slave and can take on a new one isusually a matter of 2-5 seconds.Generally, when manually activated by the

traveler, the mobile unit will start "sniffing" foran available terminal. An "available" terminal isany terminal (within range) that has an addressto spare, i.e. its quota of 7 slave units is notfilled, or an idle terminal. Finding such aterminal, it will join that piconet, or start a new

piconet and switch to a slave-role, as alreadydescribed. It will be assigned an address by theterminal, which here will be acting as a master.

The Interface between Bluetooth-terminalsand the FLYWAY´s Station LAN








In the FLYWAY® system, each station area hasits own LAN, or Local Area Network, which,using the TCP/IP-protocol, ties all computerizedunits together in Ethernet-fashion.

Figure above gives a topological overview.Although the terminal and the stationaryBluetooth-unit might be physically integrated,they are individually addressed by the localLAN that they belong to, i.e. the terminal hasone LAN-address, the Bluetooth-unit anotheraddress. Thus, there is no reason why Bluetooth-units could not be physically separated from theterminals, as are units 6 through 9 in theillustration. They could even be placed in nearbylocalities, as shown by units 8 & 9 . Theterminals could be placed at nearby shopping-malls and public libraries, for instance.

So, the Bluetooth units would serve the same purpose as the manual terminals; i.e. as aninterface towards the travelers. Over the LANthey have contact with the station´s LAN-server,which coordinate activities at the station. Someactivities are local; the server will for instanceact if the same prospective passenger both triesto use a manual terminal and his Bluetooth-unitsimultaneously. The server will then order theBluetooth-unit to break off.

Most activities involves the booking computer,which means that the messages have to be sentover the router to the system WAN, and on tothe booking computer. Answers from thiscomputer would then have to be relayed to theright terminal.

Figure shows how the LAN is connected to thesystem WAN.

The Interface between Passengers andBeamcars

The beamcars will also require Bluetooth-units.These units are at the other end in contact withlocal nodes and with the booking computerthrough arials mounted on the propulsionvehicles (i.e. inside the beams). Informationexchange between local Bluetooth-units at astation (or at other places) and the beamcars will

thus take place over several links in a rathercomplex chain.

The information would travel from thestationary terminal to the server for the localLAN, then to the local node and/or the bookingcomputer over the system WAN (The WANhere is the high-capacity communicationsnetwork that ties the whole beam traffic system








3. A traveler at a station will use hisBluetooth unit to commandeer any

beamcar that is already waiting.4. A traveler at a station will use his

Bluetooth unit to commandeer aparticular beamcar that is alreadywaiting.

Let´s see how these scenarios would behandled.

A traveler wants manual access to a terminal´skeyboard. In this case, the travelers´ unitassumes the role of master and sends a query-message. The first terminal within range withavailable capacity that answers, will also notify

the other terminals (over their shared LAN) thatit will handle the call. After identifying thetraveler´s unit and satisfying itself that thetraveler has right of access, it will (if necessary)change roles with the traveler´s unit and becomemaster. Following this, the traveler, by way ofthe mobile unit, indicates that he/she wantsmanual access to the terminal, whereupon theterminal will make itself available (by, forinstance, switching on the monitor andunlocking the keyboard).At this point, it stops functioning as a Bluetooth-

unit, and becomes a regular, LAN-attachedcomputer unit. It should be noted that a terminalin this manner can act as a master for up to 7mobile units, while at the same time functioning as a manual terminal. As statedelsewhere, from the LAN´s point of view themanual part and the Bluetooth part are 2different units with individual addresses, eventhough they are physically mounted together .

For practical reasons, the manual LAN-terminalwill only be available for one traveler at a time.

It will continue to function as a Bluetooth-terminal, but if manual access to the terminal isrequested, the mobile unit will be informed ofthe address of nearest free manual terminal, ifany is available, whereupon the sessionterminates. Preferably, however, the mobile unitwould then automatically contact this freeterminal, without the traveler having tointervene. It would also be neccessary for the

mobile unit to indicate on its display if that particular terminal is out of range.

When such a free terminal for manual use has been contacted and made available, the mobileunit would announce to the traveler:

1. Which terminal it is (it would be neat ifthe terminal itself would flash a light atthe same time, to draw the traveler´sattention).

2. A short 4-digit code , that the travelerwould have to key in on the terminal. Inthis way, the system is reasonablyassured that the right person is using theterminal.

2.A traveler at a station does not need physicalaccess to the terminal. This case would behandled as in the foregoing case, except that allinformation exchange is between the mobile unitand the Bluetooth-terminal. Depending on howthe mobile unit functions, some (or all)information sent to the terminal could be pre-

programmed into the unit, requiringcorrespondingly less intervention by the traveler.A convenient way for a traveler who does nothave (or does not want to use) pre-programmedinformation in his unit, would be to use the unitas when sending SMS-messages over a GSM-

phone.

3.A traveler at a station will use his unit tocommandeer any beamcar that is waiting. In thiscase, it would be more purposefull if the mobileunit could contact the beamcar´s Bluetooth-unitdirectly, and not use the station´s terminals.This would be a point-to-point communication,

because the mobile unit would "sniff" for a beamcar as described above, and even if morethan one car responded, the mobile unit would

pick only one of these, and establish aconnection.The criteria for this selection could vary; themobile unit could, for instance, pick the car withthe strongest response signal, indicating thatthis is (probably) the nearest car. When thetraveler has picked a car, the mobile unit wouldthen ask the car to make itself available(meaning that the car migt have to lower itself to








the ground and/or open its doors). Before itcomplies with this request, the beamcar wouldhave to ascertain who the traveler is and that hehas the right to use the requested service.

4.A traveler at a station will use his unit tocommandeer a particular beamcar that iswaiting. This case is similar to the foregoing,except that the passenger´s mobile unit would"query" for the address of the beamcar, insteadof "sniffing". Only one car would thus answer(i.e. the beamcar which has the rightidentification), provided the car is within range.The mobile unit would then ask the car to makeitself available, whereupon the car would haveto check with the mobile unit who the traveler isand match his request with the informationalready received from

the booking computer, before either opening itsdoors or sending some kind of message.This means that if the car has arrived at therequested address, and finds a berth free for use,it would land and wait for a specific time for thetraveler to make a request for the car. But thedoors of the car (and the berth, if a FLYWAYcubicle is used) would remain shut, and wouldnot open for anyone except the right traveler. Ifthe specified time limit expires, however, andthe traveler does not appear, the beamcar would

be free for use by somebody else.

V. CONCLUSION

This paper is concluded predicting informationsabout the future of Bluetooth.

Future of Bluetooth

Broadcast Channel : enables Bluetoothinformation points. This will drive theadoption of Bluetooth into mobile

phones, and enable advertising models based around users pulling informationfrom the information points, and not

based around the object push model thatis used in a limited way today.

Topology Management : enables theautomatic configuration of the piconettopologies especially in scatternet

situations that are becoming morecommon today. This should all beinvisible to the users of the technology,while also making the technology justwork.

Alternate MAC PHY : enables the useof alternative MAC and PHY' s fortransporting Bluetooth profile data. TheBluetooth Radio will still be used fordevice discovery, initial connection and

profile configuration, however when lotsof data needs to be sent, the high speedalternate MAC PHY's will be used totransport the data. This means that the

proven low power connection models ofBluetooth are used when the system isidle, and the low power per bit radiosare used when lots of data needs to besent.

QoS improvements: enable audio andvideo data to be transmitted at a higherquality, especially when best efforttraffic is being transmitted in the same

piconet.

Other developed versions thet would emerge arehigh-speed Bluetooth Bluetooth 3.0 andBluetooth low energy

REFERENCES

[1] "How Bluetooth Technology Works" .Bluetooth SIG.

[2] "The Bluetooth Blues" , Information Age(2001 -05-24) .

[3] "Bluetooth 2.1 Offers Touch BasedPairing, Reduced Power Consumption" Michael Oryl (2007 -03-15) .

[4] "Bluetooth" . The Bunker.[5] "BlueBug" . Trifinite.org.[6] http://www.wattpad.com/93370-

bluetooth_wattpad/page/2[7] http://www.academypublisher.com/ijrte/

vol01/no02/ijrte0102189191.pdf[8] http://www.slideshare.net/abinashdash7

1/bluetooth-35726755



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piconet

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[9] https://www.academia.edu/9272927/VOICE_CONTROLLED_ROBOT_THROUGH_ANDROID

[10] http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Bluetooth




a survey on bluetooth technology and its features

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