a survey on youth attitudes toward nuclear …a survey on youth attitudes toward nuclear weapons and...

A Survey on Youth Attitudes toward Nuclear Weapons and Their Humanitarian Consequences in 9 Countries

1 Soka Gakkai International 2013

【All】【GENDER】RespondentsAustralia 465 246 52.9% 214 46.0% 5 1.1%Brazil 227 98 43.2% 129 56.8% 0 0.0%Italy 163 61 37.4% 102 62.6% 0 0.0%Japan 846 545 64.4% 294 34.8% 7 0.8%Malaysia 232 100 43.1% 132 56.9% 0 0.0%Mexico 269 138 51.3% 131 48.7% 0 0.0%South Korea 242 110 45.5% 132 54.5% 0 0.0%UK 206 107 51.9% 98 47.6% 1 0.5%United States 190 79 41.6% 111 58.4% 0 0.0%Total 2,840 1,484 52.3% 1,343 47.3% 13 0.5%

Q.1 Which countries in the world currently possess nuclear weapons?

Australia 336 72.3% 245 52.7% 219 47.1% 109 23.4% 98 21.1%Brazil 161 70.9% 117 51.5% 93 41.0% 26 11.5% 35 15.4%Italy 126 77.3% 110 67.5% 78 47.9% 19 11.7% 47 28.8%Japan 638 75.4% 500 59.1% 428 50.6% 167 19.7% 237 28.0%Malaysia 112 48.3% 80 34.5% 57 24.6% 27 11.6% 18 7.8%Mexico 187 69.5% 137 50.9% 75 27.9% 22 8.2% 27 10.0%South Korea 190 78.5% 142 58.7% 68 28.1% 46 19.0% 45 18.6%UK 164 79.6% 146 70.9% 118 57.3% 109 52.9% 61 29.6%United States 132 69.5% 97 51.1% 61 32.1% 34 17.9% 22 11.6%Total 2,046 72.0% 1,574 55.4% 1197 42.1% 559 19.7% 590 20.8%

Australia 194 41.7% 119 25.6% 101 21.7% 73 15.7% 65 14.0%Brazil 73 32.2% 20 8.8% 19 8.4% 28 12.3% 57 25.1%Italy 30 18.4% 14 8.6% 13 8.0% 15 9.2% 56 34.4%Japan 497 58.7% 184 21.7% 103 12.2% 51 6.0% 25 3.0%Malaysia 84 36.2% 27 11.6% 19 8.2% 19 8.2% 69 29.7%Mexico 35 13.0% 13 4.8% 26 9.7% 42 15.6% 111 41.3%South Korea 160 66.1% 51 21.1% 18 7.4% 10 4.1% 22 9.1%UK 76 36.9% 47 22.8% 41 19.9% 42 20.4% 35 17.0%United States 53 27.9% 24 12.6% 22 11.6% 15 7.9% 22 11.6%Total 1202 42.3% 499 17.6% 362 17.6% 295 10.4% 462 16.3%

Australia 87 18.7% 38 8.2% 48 10.3% 90 19.4%Brazil 59 26.0% 32 14.1% 22 9.7% 40 17.6%Italy 56 34.4% 12 7.4% 15 9.2% 45 27.6%Japan 120 14.2% 110 13.0% 37 4.4% 138 16.3%Malaysia 28 12.1% 24 10.3% 18 7.8% 33 14.2%Mexico 46 17.1% 48 17.8% 29 10.8% 82 30.5%South Korea 44 18.2% 5 2.1% 3 1.2% 17 7.0%UK 48 23.3% 16 7.8% 39 18.9% 54 26.2%United States 30 15.8% 18 9.5% 19 10.0% 31 16.3%Total 518 18.2% 303 10.7% 230 8.1% 530 18.7%

Iran

Pakistan Israel Japan

Male Female N. A.

US

Iraq South Korea / Korea Other

IndiaNorth Korea

FranceChinaRussia UK

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0%

Uni

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Sta

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Rus

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Chi

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Kin

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Fran

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Nor

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Indi

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Iran

Iraq

Oth

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Male; 1,484 Female; 1,343

N.A.; 13



Q.2 How many countries in the world do you think possess nuclear weapons? Please choose one.None 1 – 5 6 – 10 11 – 20 More than 20 Don't know.

Australia 2 0.4% 96 20.6% 202 43.4% 91 19.6% 47 10.1% 25 5.4%Brazil 2 0.9% 77 33.9% 73 32.2% 34 15.0% 20 8.8% 17 7.5%Italy 0 0.0% 45 27.6% 56 34.4% 29 17.8% 28 17.2% 5 3.1%Japan 4 0.5% 133 15.7% 358 42.3% 169 20.0% 111 13.1% 67 7.9%Malaysia 1 0.4% 90 38.8% 70 30.2% 34 14.7% 15 6.5% 22 9.5%Mexico 0 0.0% 89 33.1% 89 33.1% 44 16.4% 32 11.9% 15 5.6%South Korea 0 0.0% 71 29.3% 105 43.4% 34 14.0% 23 9.5% 9 3.7%UK 1 0.5% 29 14.1% 83 40.3% 51 24.8% 31 15.0% 11 5.3%United States 0 0.0% 60 31.6% 65 34.2% 33 17.4% 19 10.0% 13 6.8%Total 10 0.4% 690 24.3% 1,101 38.8% 519 18.3% 326 11.5% 184 6.5%

Q.3 Do you think the country you live in now has nuclear weapons? Please choose one.Yes No Don't know. N. A.

Australia 98 21.1% 273 58.7% 91 19.6% 3 0.6%Brazil 26 11.5% 170 74.9% 31 13.7% 0 0.0%Italy 47 28.8% 91 55.8% 25 15.3% 0 0.0%Japan 71 8.4% 678 80.1% 95 11.2% 2 0.2%Malaysia 22 9.5% 154 66.4% 56 24.1% 0 0.0%Mexico 21 7.8% 175 65.1% 72 26.8% 1 0.4%South Korea 11 4.5% 206 85.1% 24 9.9% 1 0.4%UK 134 65.0% 44 21.4% 28 13.6% 0 0.0%United States 170 89.5% 11 5.8% 9 4.7% 0 0.0%Total 600 21.1% 1,802 63.5% 431 15.2% 7 0.2%

Q.4 How many nuclear weapons do you think exist in the world today?Please choose one.Less than 1,000 1,000 – 10,000 10,000 – 20,000 More than 20,000 Don't know. N. A.

Australia 58 12.5% 119 25.6% 78 16.8% 100 21.5% 110 23.7% 0 0.0%Brazil 49 21.6% 60 26.4% 42 18.5% 31 13.7% 45 19.8% 0 0.0%Italy 29 17.8% 47 28.8% 30 18.4% 24 14.7% 32 19.6% 1 0.6%Japan 93 11.0% 196 23.2% 220 26.0% 229 27.1% 108 12.8% 0 0.0%Malaysia 19 8.2% 68 29.3% 52 22.4% 39 16.8% 54 23.3% 0 0.0%Mexico 23 8.6% 51 19.0% 36 13.4% 56 20.8% 100 37.2% 3 1.1%South Korea 30 12.4% 59 24.4% 42 17.4% 41 16.9% 69 28.5% 1 0.4%UK 20 9.7% 54 26.2% 56 27.2% 41 19.9% 35 17.0% 0 0.0%United States 25 13.2% 47 24.7% 38 20.0% 50 26.3% 30 15.8% 0 0.0%Total 346 12.2% 701 24.7% 594 20.9% 611 21.5% 583 20.5% 5 0.2%

None; 0.4%

1 – 5; 24.3%

6 – 10; 38.8%

11 – 20; 18.3%

More than 20; 11.5%

Don't know; 6.5%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0%

100.0%

Australia Brazil Italy Japan Malaysia Mexico South Korea United Kingdom

United States

Yes

No

Don't know

Less than 1,000; 12.2%

1,000 – 10,000; 24.7%

10,000 – 20,000; 20.9%

More than 20,000; 21.5%

Don't know; 20.5%



Q.5 Please answer the questions below.(1) Are you aware that nuclear weapons were used during World War II?

Yes No N. A.Australia 383 82.4% 77 16.6% 5 1.1%Brazil 185 81.5% 42 18.5% 0 0.0%Italy 157 96.3% 6 3.7% 0 0.0%Japan 659 77.9% 181 21.4% 6 0.7%Malaysia 183 78.9% 49 21.1% 0 0.0%Mexico 230 85.5% 38 14.1% 1 0.4%South Korea 170 70.2% 71 29.3% 1 0.4%UK 166 80.6% 39 18.9% 1 0.5%United States 169 88.9% 20 10.5% 1 0.5%Total 2,302 81.1% 523 18.4% 15 0.5%

(2) If you answered yes in Q5. (1) above, How many people do you think died as a result of the use where you think nuclear weapons were used.

Australia 138 29.7% 129 27.7% 33 7.1% 17 3.7% 26 5.6%Brazil 115 50.7% 107 47.1% 52 22.9% 12 5.3% 25 11.0%Italy 97 59.5% 89 54.6% 49 30.1% 8 4.9% 13 8.0%Japan 610 72.1% 587 69.4% 2 0.2% 1 0.1% 8 0.9%Malaysia 74 31.9% 63 27.2% 63 27.2% 39 16.8% 33 14.2%Mexico 119 44.2% 77 28.6% 50 18.6% 20 7.4% 40 14.9%South Korea 139 57.4% 55 22.7% 11 4.5% 5 2.1% 2 0.8%UK 100 48.5% 78 37.9% 24 11.7% 13 6.3% 15 7.3%United States 66 34.7% 46 24.2% 68 35.8% 6 3.2% 24 12.6%Total 1,458 51.3% 1,231 43.3% 352 12.4% 121 4.3% 186 6.5%

(3) If you answered yes in Q5. (1) above, How many people do you think died as a result of the use of these weapons? Please choose one.

Australia 9 1.9% 50 10.8% 106 22.8% 163 35.1% 47 10.1% 10 2.2%Brazil 8 3.5% 47 20.7% 41 18.1% 76 33.5% 17 7.5% 0 0.0%Italy 1 0.6% 16 9.8% 47 28.8% 86 52.8% 8 4.9% 0 0.0%Japan 11 1.3% 103 12.2% 179 21.2% 294 34.8% 56 6.6% 45 5.3%Malaysia 2 0.9% 23 9.9% 37 15.9% 98 42.2% 25 10.8% 0 0.0%Mexico 4 1.5% 56 20.8% 47 17.5% 73 27.1% 54 20.1% 1 0.4%South Korea 3 1.2% 35 14.5% 35 14.5% 75 31.0% 18 7.4% 4 1.7%UK 9 4.4% 34 16.5% 37 18.0% 76 36.9% 11 5.3% 1 0.5%United States 7 3.7% 33 17.4% 36 18.9% 71 37.4% 22 11.6% 1 0.5%Total 54 1.9% 397 14.0% 565 19.9% 1,012 35.6% 258 9.1% 62 2.2%

N. A.10,000 – 100,000 100,000 – 200,000 More than 200,000 Don't know.Less than 10,000

NagasakiHiroshima OtherJapan US

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0%

100.0%

Australia Brazil Italy Japan Malaysia Mexico South Korea

United Kingdom

United States

Yes

No

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%


United Kingdom

United States

Hiroshima

Nagasaki

Japan

US

Other

Less than 10,000; 1.9%

10,000 – 100,000; 14.0%

100,000 – 200,000; 19.9% More than

200,000; 35.6%

Don't know; 9.1%

N. A.; 2.2%



Q.6 Which of the following accurately describe the effects people suffer from when exposed to large doses of radiation as a result of a nuclear explosion? Please choose all which apply.

a) Immediate health impacts (to the central nervous system, the body’s ability to generate new blood cells, to the skin, etc.)

b) Longer-term health impacts (cancer, reduced life expectancy, effects on fetus, etc.)c) Inherited health impacts (chromosomal defects)d) No particular damage results.

a b c d Other Don't know.Australia 368 79.1% 415 89.2% 337 72.5% 8 1.7% 14 3.0% 11 2.4%Brazil 186 81.9% 196 86.3% 158 69.6% 1 0.4% 4 1.8% 6 2.6%Italy 116 71.2% 142 87.1% 122 74.8% 0 0.0% 2 1.2% 0 0.0%Japan 681 80.5% 742 87.7% 648 76.6% 14 1.7% 9 1.1% 28 3.3%Malaysia 125 53.9% 167 72.0% 110 47.4% 0 0.0% 2 0.9% 19 8.2%Mexico 178 66.2% 207 77.0% 143 53.2% 3 1.1% 5 1.9% 8 3.0%South Korea 199 82.2% 212 87.6% 200 82.6% 1 0.4% 14 5.8% 11 4.5%UK 163 79.1% 184 89.3% 143 69.4% 5 2.4% 12 5.8% 4 1.9%United States 152 80.0% 168 88.4% 127 66.8% 1 0.5% 17 8.9% 5 2.6%Total 2,168 76.3% 2,433 85.7% 1,988 70.0% 33 1.2% 79 2.8% 92 3.2%

Q.7 The different treaties that define international humanitarian law prohibit certain kinds of weapons whose impacts are defined as “inhumane.” In this context, what kind of weapons do you think are prohibited because they are defined as “inhumane”? Please choose all which apply.Weapons that:

a) Cause large-scale destruction. b) Harm and kill people indiscriminately. c) Cause rapid destruction. d) Cause severe damage to the natural environment.e) Cause great pain and suffering. f) Have long-term impacts on the lives of the civilian population. g) Violate the human conscience.

a b c d e fAustralia 290 62.4% 298 64.1% 215 46.2% 243 52.3% 257 55.3% 339 72.9%Brazil 181 79.7% 161 70.9% 134 59.0% 147 64.8% 131 57.7% 179 78.9%Italy 115 70.6% 84 51.5% 62 38.0% 88 54.0% 54 33.1% 109 66.9%Japan 533 63.0% 692 81.8% 343 40.5% 460 54.4% 507 59.9% 440 52.0%Malaysia 120 51.7% 131 56.5% 90 38.8% 130 56.0% 116 50.0% 144 62.1%Mexico 170 63.2% 123 45.7% 84 31.2% 128 47.6% 100 37.2% 130 48.3%South Korea 167 69.0% 173 71.5% 106 43.8% 142 58.7% 152 62.8% 110 45.5%UK 117 56.8% 119 57.8% 63 30.6% 82 39.8% 104 50.5% 140 68.0%United States 110 57.9% 116 61.1% 91 47.9% 107 56.3% 107 56.3% 135 71.1%Total 1,803 63.5% 1,897 66.8% 1,188 41.8% 1527 53.8% 1528 53.8% 1726 60.8%

g Other Don't know.Australia 216 46.5% 14 3.0% 35 7.5%Brazil 122 53.7% 1 0.4% 6 2.6%Italy 54 33.1% 0 0.0% 10 6.1%Japan 446 52.7% 11 1.3% 39 4.6%Malaysia 108 46.6% 4 1.7% 21 9.1%Mexico 86 32.0% 6 2.2% 12 4.5%South Korea 108 44.6% 16 6.6% 11 4.5%UK 77 37.4% 6 2.9% 25 12.1%United States 87 45.8% 2 1.1% 20 10.5%Total 1304 45.9% 60 2.1% 179 6.3%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0%

a) b) c) d) Other Don't know

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

a) b) c) d) e) f) g) Other Don't know



Q.8 Do you think use of inhumane weapons should be prohibited in all cases, without exception?Please choose one.Yes No Don't know. N. A.

Australia 363 78.1% 45 9.7% 48 10.3% 9 1.9%Brazil 199 87.7% 18 7.9% 10 4.4% 0 0.0%Italy 146 89.6% 5 3.1% 12 7.4% 0 0.0%Japan 732 86.5% 38 4.5% 62 7.3% 14 1.7%Malaysia 152 65.5% 50 21.6% 30 12.9% 0 0.0%Mexico 239 88.8% 15 5.6% 8 3.0% 7 2.6%South Korea 223 92.1% 10 4.1% 8 3.3% 1 0.4%UK 146 70.9% 34 16.5% 24 11.7% 2 1.0%United States 106 55.8% 54 28.4% 30 15.8% 0 0.0%Total 2,306 81.2% 269 9.5% 232 8.2% 33 1.2%

Q.9 Which of the following weapons are prohibited through international treaties because their impacts areseen as inhumane? (More than one answer can be chosen.)Handgrenades

Dumdum(hollow-point)bullets*

Machineguns Tanks

Chemicalweapons

Biologicalweapons

Australia 37 8.0% 138 29.7% 26 5.6% 26 5.6% 304 65.4% 322 69.2%Brazil 37 16.3% 81 35.7% 23 10.1% 25 11.0% 174 76.7% 175 77.1%Italy 13 8.0% 42 25.8% 5 3.1% 6 3.7% 105 64.4% 91 55.8%Japan 126 14.9% 185 21.9% 85 10.0% 88 10.4% 535 63.2% 536 63.4%Malaysia 39 16.8% 116 50.0% 44 19.0% 32 13.8% 133 57.3% 129 55.6%Mexico 38 14.1% 76 28.3% 20 7.4% 31 11.5% 138 51.3% 137 50.9%South Korea 33 13.6% 18 7.4% 31 12.8% 41 16.9% 216 89.3% 165 68.2%UK 18 8.7% 92 44.7% 13 6.3% 9 4.4% 117 56.8% 123 59.7%United States 17 8.9% 49 25.8% 13 6.8% 13 6.8% 93 48.9% 102 53.7%Total 358 12.6% 797 28.1% 260 9.2% 271 9.5% 1815 63.9% 1780 62.7%

*Dumdum (hollow-point) bullets (which expand after entering the human body)

Landmines

Clustermunitions

Depleteduraniumweapons

Other Don't know.

Australia 140 30.1% 114 24.5% 226 48.6% 4 0.9% 72 15.5%Brazil 75 33.0% 85 37.4% 135 59.5% 11 4.8% 16 7.0%Italy 69 42.3% 32 19.6% 88 54.0% 1 0.6% 24 14.7%Japan 483 57.1% 426 50.4% 415 49.1% 17 2.0% 91 10.8%Malaysia 50 21.6% 57 24.6% 123 53.0% 3 1.3% 26 11.2%Mexico 47 17.5% 37 13.8% 79 29.4% 3 1.1% 63 23.4%South Korea 91 37.6% 86 35.5% 137 56.6% 6 2.5% 7 2.9%UK 61 29.6% 51 24.8% 98 47.6% 10 4.9% 30 14.6%United States 32 16.8% 29 15.3% 82 43.2% 2 1.1% 52 27.4%Total 1048 36.9% 917 32.3% 1,383 48.7% 57 2.0% 381 13.4%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0%

100.0%


United Kingdom

United States

Yes

No

Don't know

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0%

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Q.10 Do you think nuclear weapons are inhumane?Please choose one.Yes No Don't know. N. A.


Q.11 Nuclear weapons are currently not forbidden in the world except in those regions where nuclear weaponfree zones have been established. Do you think a treaty should be adopted which comprehensively ban nuclear weapons throughout the entire world? Please choose one.Yes No Don't know. N. A.


0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0%

100.0%

Australia Brazil Italy Japan Malaysia Mexico South Korea United Kingdom

United States

Yes No Don't know

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0%

100.0%


United Kingdom

United States

Yes No Don't know

a survey on youth attitudes toward nuclear …a survey on youth attitudes toward nuclear weapons and...

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