a-temp-009 -1 issue 002 future naval electronic support...
TRANSCRIPT
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Future Naval Electronic Support (ES)
For a Changing Maritime Role
Presented By : Lance Clayton
AOC - Aardvark Roost
A-TEMP-009 -1 ISSUE 002
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
ES as part of Electronic Warfare
Electronic Warfare
ES (Electronic Support) EP (Electronic Protection)EA (Electronic Attack)
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Classical ES Requirements
Electronic Support (Electromagnetic
Support )
Radar-ESMCommunications-ESM
Signals Intelligence(SIGINT)
ELINT & COMINT
To provide tactical warning and situation awareness inorder to take required action
To gather detailed signal information for analysis to populate ESM threat libraries or make strategic decisions
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Future Naval ES Requirements
Frigate Patrol Vessel
Constabulary Role
Early Warning and Reconnaissance including Situational Intelligence
and Surveillance
Fighting Role
Tactical Warning and ImmediateSituation Awareness to Take
Required Action
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Application of ES for Early Threat Warning
• Early threat warning is crucial for naval vessels operating in the littoral due to attack from land based anti-ship missiles
Attack on the INS Hanit by aC-802 (Noor) Anti-Ship Missile
Attack on the HSV-2 Swift by a C-802 (Noor) Anti-Ship Missile
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Application of ES for Early Threat Warning
• The use of Anti-Ship Missiles against Naval vessels fired from Mobile Land Based Launch Vehicles using Commercial Maritime Radars for Target Detection is a Threat to Naval and Commercial Maritime Activities!
Maritime Radar
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Application of ES for Reconnaissance
• In a Reconnaissance role the emissions from commercial and military Radio and Radar systems would provide situational intelligence.
• These roles would require varied ES receiver capabilities and operational pictures and procedures to tactical ESM.
Spectral & Polar Display of Emitter Information
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Application of ES for Surveillance
• In a Surveillance role the emissions from radios and commercial radars would provide an information layer to populate a Maritime Domain Awareness Picture.
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
A Changing Electromagnetic Environment
• The emergence of Commercial Solid State Low Power Coherent Pulsed Radars
• The emergence of Commercial Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Radars.
• Increasing electromagnetic density (Numbers of similar frequency radars closely spaced in bearing)
• Complex Waveforms with varied Pulse Widths (PW), Intra-Pulse characteristics, Pulse Repitition Frequency (PRF), Antenna Beamwidth’s and Antenna Rotational Period (ARP)
• Classification of radars by waveform and no longer only parameters such as PW, PRF and ARP
• Communications equipment in similar bands to radars
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
A Changing Electromagnetic Environment
• Short Pulsed Non-Coherent radars with peak powers of 20-25KW are being replaced with radars transmitting peak powers of around 200W
• Pulse Compression Technology is common place in in newer radars, the low power pulses with pulse widths of up to 100 uS which would equate to a range resolution of around 15Km are compressed using chirp or other coding technology to equivalent narrow band pulses with range resolutions down a few meteres.
• This presents a challenge to the ES receiver system where sensitivities need to increase by around 20dB and the receivers need to be more capable of handling CW signals.
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
A Changing Electromagnetic Environment
• Kelvin Hughes Sharpeye– The radar outputs a frame of
transmission pulses in a defined sequence to satisfy the requirements of short, medium and long range detection. The frame comprises a 0.1μs of gated CW (short pulse), and two pulses (medium and long pulse) containing a non-linear frequency modulated chirp with a swept bandwidth of approximately 20 MHz.
– X(I) Band 9220-9480MHz 200W Peak
– S(EF) Band 2900-3100MHz 200W Peak
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
A Changing Electromagnetic Environment
• Simrad HALO– Pulsed Frequency Swept Emissions
– 40ns Pulse and up to 6 Chirped Pulse
Compression Pulses
– X(I) Band 9.410-9495 25 Watt Peak
– Chirp Bandwidth 2-32MHz
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
A Changing Electromagnetic Environment
• TERMA Scanter 5000– Pulsed Frequency Swept Emissions
– X(I) Band 9-9200 & 9250- 9500
50-200 Watt Peak
– 6 Sub-Frequencies
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
A Changing Electromagnetic Environment
• Simrad 4G– X(I) Band 9.3-9.4GHz
– Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
– Peak Power 165mW
– Sweep Repitition Frequency 200-540Hz
– Sweep Time 1.3 ms
– Sweep Bandwidth 75MHz
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
A Changing Electromagnetic Environment
• Simrad 4G
1.3 ms
75
MH
z
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Increased Sensitivity Radar ES Receiver
Technology Demonstrator
Wide Band Receiver and Narrow Band
Dual Conversion Superhet Receiver
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Increased Sensitivity Radar ES Receiver
Technology Demonstrator
Lab Tests on Narrow Band X-Band Superhet Receiver with increased sensitivity
of around -80dBm
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Radar ES Receiver
Technology Demonstrator
• Receiver Lab Tests – Actual Trials with this receiver against SharpEye
Low Power Pulse Compression Radar have also shown good results
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Radar ES Receiver
Technology Demonstrator
• ES Technology Demonstrator Receiver System
C(G)BandRX
S(EF)BandRX
PSU Spin DF and Omni AntennasCombined with the SuperhetReceiver can make a fairlylow cost high sensitivityRadar ES Receiver for R&D
Low NoiseAmplifiers
Limiter
Limiter
Limiter
Spin-DFAntenna
OmniAntenna
X(I) Band
C(G) Band
S(EF) Band
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Radar ES Receiver
Technology Demonstrator
• Narrow Band Receiver IF Sampling FPGA Technology for Technology Demonstrator applications
COTS FPGA Development Board and 150Ms 14 bit acquisition Daughter Board
Custom developed FPGA Board with 100Ms 14 bit ADC on Board
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Radar ES Receiver
Technology Demonstrator
• Narrow Band FPGA Based IF Sampling of Pulsed Radar Emissions
Radar Waveform Identification by measuring PW on a pulse to pulse basis and determining Intra-Pulse characteristics such as Fixed Frequency or PMOP, LFMOP or NLPMOP
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Changes in Radar ES Receiver Processing
Design
De-Interleave by Frequency when Emitters areFixed Frequency (Using Superhet Techniques)
De-Interleave by Amplitude when Emitters areFrequency Agile or Close in Frequency Separation
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Changes in Radar ES Receiver Processing
Design
• The identifying parameters for FMCW radars would be as follows :• Antenna Rotational Period (ARP)
• Sweep Repetition Frequency (Hz)
• Sweep Time (ms)
• Sweep Bandwidth (MHz)
FFT Range Bins
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Changes in Radar ES Receiver Processing
Design
• Analysis of FMCW parameters would require high speed FFT analysis at rates much higher than the radar’s range FFT
High Speed FFT F (t)
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Challenges in Radar ES Receiver Design for
Surveillance & Reconnaissance
• Modular Receiver System Design Including Modules for Specific Applications
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Communications ES Capability for
Surveillance & Reconnaissance
Capabilities in Communications Spectrum Monitoring and Detailed Signal Analysis Similar in Nature to SIGINT
Wide-Band ReceiverCapability (R&S PR100)
Advanced DecodingCapability (Wavecom)
GEW Skylark 7050 DF
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Communications ES Capability for
Surveillance & Reconnaissance
Other than spectrum monitoring there is a
requirement for detailed signal analysis.
Wide-Band ReceiverDetection
Advanced Analysis and Decoding
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
Communications ES Capability for
Surveillance & Reconnaissance
System Specific Communications Intelligence (Non-Passive Systems)
Satellite Phone Interception
Cellular Phone Interception/Identification
A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD
To Conclude
• The receiver technologies required for Radar Intercept need to be of increased sensitivity to deal with low power radars.
• Communications Intercept technologies and technologies for FMCW radars are very similar now and can actually overlap in function.
• Other than for spectrum monitoring, communications ES needs to focus on identified systems of interest.
• Intercept technologies for low power pulsed radars are quite complex and need to determine group parameters to identify waveforms.
• Radar and communications intercept are required on patrol vessels and radar intercept is of particular importance on patrol vessels operating internationally for early threat warning.
Questions?