a theologian's struggle with the catechism for the children of the catholic church

8/3/2019 A Theologian's Struggle With the Catechism for the Children of the Catholic Church

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Distinguishing Theology from Catechesis: Exploring Unsafe Catholic Theologians who

Challenge and Inspire Faith

By: Michele Stopera Freyhauf

The biggest mistake people make is attempting to use theology and catechesisinterchangeably; something that can be seen at the upper echelons of the Patriarchal

hierarchy. This is an important distinction that impacts the scholarly community of

Catholic Theologians, both veterans and rookies in the field. So what is the difference? The

definition may seem black and white but the interpretation takes on varying shades of gray.

Catechesis in the Catholic tradition is an echoing of the faith, an education of a maturing

person, whether child or adult, about Catholicism (see McBrien). Theology on the other

hand, usingSt. Anselm, is faith seeking understanding. Richard P. McBrien, in his articleWhat Theology is and Is Not, states that a theologian is required to investigate and

examine the whole of the Christian tradition; what it mean, how it fits, how it is developed,

and how it relates to the outside the world in theory and in practice. I would not personally

restrict this definition to Christian tradition, but McBriens definition is important withinthis discussion because it distinguishes the role of a theologian over a catechist.

Michael G. Lawler and Todd A. Salzman, in their articleBeyond Catechesis: What is the

Proper Role of Theologycites the definition of catechesis from the Catechism of the

Catholic Church: Catechesis is an education in the faith They go on to state thatcatechesis can be included in theology, but theology is distinguished from catechesis

because ituses scholarly principles not only to communicate the truths of faith but also to

explore the meanings of those truths and contemporary ways of articulating them. The

theologians role is seen as mediator between the magisterium and the faithful.

Theologians are considered unsafe when they differ or dissent from the magisterium.

However John Paul II, in Ut Unum Sint requires such a dialogue with theologians withoutthe threat of punitive or disciplinary action. Ex Corde Ecclesiaealso emphasizes

community and dialogue, which according to Lawler and Salzman have not always been

realized in practice. The slant of the patriarchal authorities of

the Catholic Church is to go with the safe theologians that

support their views or agendas.

This stance is evident in the swirling controversy ofElizabeth

JohnsonsbookThe Quest for the Living Godwhere we have a

very public discussion of this subject being launched from

Catholic Theological Society of American(CTSA) andCollege

Theological Society(CTS) against theUSCCBs warningthatJohnsons book contains misrepresentations, ambiguities,and errors that bear upon the faith of the Catholic Church as

found in Sacred Scripture, and as it is authentically taught by

the Churchs universal magisterium. This warning was

issued on March 24, 2011, four years after its publication

with the primary basis identified as Johnsons broad

audience; it was not written specifically for other scholars.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/anselm/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/anselm/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/anselm/http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=11107http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=11107http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=13003http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=13003http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=13003http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=13003http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25051995_ut-unum-sint_en.htmlhttp://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25051995_ut-unum-sint_en.htmlhttp://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25051995_ut-unum-sint_en.htmlhttp://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_15081990_ex-corde-ecclesiae_en.htmlhttp://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_15081990_ex-corde-ecclesiae_en.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/theology/faculty/elizabeth_a_johnson_/http://www.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/theology/faculty/elizabeth_a_johnson_/http://www.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/theology/faculty/elizabeth_a_johnson_/http://www.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/theology/faculty/elizabeth_a_johnson_/http://www.amazon.com/Quest-Living-God-Frontiers-Theology/dp/0826417701http://www.amazon.com/Quest-Living-God-Frontiers-Theology/dp/0826417701http://www.amazon.com/Quest-Living-God-Frontiers-Theology/dp/0826417701http://www.ctsa-online.org/http://www.ctsa-online.org/http://www.collegetheology.org/http://www.collegetheology.org/http://www.collegetheology.org/http://www.collegetheology.org/http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=9806http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=9806http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=9806http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=9806http://www.collegetheology.org/http://www.collegetheology.org/http://www.ctsa-online.org/http://www.amazon.com/Quest-Living-God-Frontiers-Theology/dp/0826417701http://www.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/theology/faculty/elizabeth_a_johnson_/http://www.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/theology/faculty/elizabeth_a_johnson_/http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_15081990_ex-corde-ecclesiae_en.htmlhttp://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25051995_ut-unum-sint_en.htmlhttp://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=13003http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=13003http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=11107http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/anselm/


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However, as McBrien points out that the theologian has three audiences only one of

which is the scholarly community, which distinguishes a theologian from a catechist.

The other issue of contention seems to be Johnsons understanding of God. The USCCB

states that Johnson goes outside the faith to criticize the understanding of God. Once again,

if you review McBriens article, theologians are required to do this. What I find strangelyodd and mildly perplexing is the fact that this is not the first time Johnson writes about this

image of God, which USCCB calls modern theism. In 1992 Johnsons groundbreakingworkShe Who Is: The Mystery of God in Feminist Theological Discourseintroduces this

notion and is followed up in 1993 withWomen, Earth, and Creator Spirit.In fact,John Theil

stated thatQuest for a Living Godas a culmination of Johnsons work. CTSA, in their

response dated March 24, 2011, stated that Johnsons understanding of God, as human

words cannot completely capture the divine reality is quite traditionally Catholic. Theyalso point out that a theologians task is to venture in new ways to imagine and express

the mystery of God. Johnson,in her response, defined her role as a theologian is to wrestle

with mysteries that are always complex in light of a growing and living tradition of the

Church. As previously outlined, this stance is distinguished from an echoing of the faith, asa catechist would, but examines and challenges it, in other words faith seekingunderstanding.

Thestatement from CTSwas similar but went on to state Johnsons theology is credited

with plumbing the depths of the received Catholic tradition as found in diverse scriptural

and historical witnesses of faith while investigating pressing issues and searching for ever

deeper understanding. CitingGaudium et Spes, CTSA believes that Johnson wrote this

Book, in service and love for the church, should be encouraged by all in the Church andthat the USCCBs stance denies the knowability of the very revelation the Word of God

by their actions.

With the USCCBs action there are two troubling items that go beyond this critique. Thefirst is the fact that, according to CTSA, USCCB for not follow the approved procedures of

Doctrinal Responsibilitieswhich advocate that an informal conversation be undertakenbetween theologians and the Bishops. Johnson,in her responseto the USCCBs stance

stated that was glad to enter into a dialogue with the Doctrine Committee but they never

bothered to contact her. The other was voiced by CTS, a concern that affects up and coming

theologians, we are particularly concerned about the chilling effect the statement by the

Committee on Doctrine will have on our younger colleagues. Instead of cultivating a culture

of open collaboration and mutual dialogue between bishops, theologians, and the people of

God in the advancement of a deeper understanding of the faith. The Committee in this

document breeds disillusionment, fear, and mistrust among younger theologians in theirrelation to bishops and increasing sadness and fatigue among more seasoned scholars.

In addition to CTSA and CTS, colleagues have stated similar concerns about this warning.

Stephen J. Popefrom Boston College believes that the warning was political, certain

bishops decide that they want to punish some theologians and this is one way they do that.Since there is nothing particularly unusual in her book as far as theology goes, which is a

continuation of thought since the early 1990s, Pope believes thatthis is nothing more
http://www.amazon.com/She-Who-Feminist-Theological-Discourse/dp/0824519256http://www.amazon.com/She-Who-Feminist-Theological-Discourse/dp/0824519256http://www.amazon.com/She-Who-Feminist-Theological-Discourse/dp/0824519256http://www.amazon.com/Creator-Spirit-Madeleva-Lecture-Spirituality/dp/0809134152/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1316694080&sr=1-1http://www.amazon.com/Creator-Spirit-Madeleva-Lecture-Spirituality/dp/0809134152/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1316694080&sr=1-1http://www.amazon.com/Creator-Spirit-Madeleva-Lecture-Spirituality/dp/0809134152/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1316694080&sr=1-1http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=10543http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=10543http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=10543http://www.ctsa-online.org/johnson.htmlhttp://www.ctsa-online.org/johnson.htmlhttp://americamagazine.org/blog/entry.cfm?blog_id=2&entry_id=4288http://americamagazine.org/blog/entry.cfm?blog_id=2&entry_id=4288http://americamagazine.org/blog/entry.cfm?blog_id=2&entry_id=4288http://www.collegetheology.org/http://www.collegetheology.org/http://www.collegetheology.org/http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_cons_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.htmlhttp://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_cons_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.htmlhttp://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_cons_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.htmlhttp://www.americamagazine.org/blog/entry.cfm?blog_id=2&entry_id=4212http://www.americamagazine.org/blog/entry.cfm?blog_id=2&entry_id=4212http://americamagazine.org/blog/entry.cfm?blog_id=2&entry_id=4288http://americamagazine.org/blog/entry.cfm?blog_id=2&entry_id=4288http://americamagazine.org/blog/entry.cfm?blog_id=2&entry_id=4288http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/31/nyregion/31fordham.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/31/nyregion/31fordham.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/31/nyregion/31fordham.htmlhttp://americamagazine.org/blog/entry.cfm?blog_id=2&entry_id=4288http://www.americamagazine.org/blog/entry.cfm?blog_id=2&entry_id=4212http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_cons_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.htmlhttp://www.collegetheology.org/http://americamagazine.org/blog/entry.cfm?blog_id=2&entry_id=4288http://www.ctsa-online.org/johnson.htmlhttp://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=10543http://www.amazon.com/Creator-Spirit-Madeleva-Lecture-Spirituality/dp/0809134152/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1316694080&sr=1-1http://www.amazon.com/She-Who-Feminist-Theological-Discourse/dp/0824519256


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than making an example of someone whos prominent. Grant Gallichostates that the

Bishops statement fails to meet the standards of presenting an intelligible and convincingscenario and is really a series of catechetical assertions that inadequately address the

questions that animate the book. He alsoasks if the committee on Doctrine read thisbook?Mollie Wilson OReillystates that the Bishops are being oddly aggressive and

inaccurate in its representations. She goes on to state that the Bishops accusation thatJohnson has no regard for divine revelation is not fair. Mary Huntalso concurs with this

statement the bishops were making an example of a feminist who taught in a Catholicuniversity.Thomas Bushlackcites Avery Cardinal Dulles who states that there are twomagisteria in our tradition: that of theologians and that of bishops, a statement that

should be disturbing to all of us.

The USCCB respondedto the concerns throughCardinal Donald Wuerlwho acknowledges

the diminished level of catechetical preparation of so many students and because of this

special attention must now be given as to how to address theological works that are aimed

at students and yet do not meet criteria for authentic Catholic teaching. As I see this,

because students are inadequately catechesized, theologians are being mandated to waterdown their theology in order to comply with the teachings of the Church? Fr. Anthony Ruff

sees this differently stating thatWuerls comments,since we dont have the arguments,lets insist on our authority, but it sort of looks like it. Ruff goes on to talk about this issue

between Theologians vs. Bishops as depressing, andbad, very bad, for the future of

theological inquiry in the Church, at the service of the faithful and their leaders where wehave compelling arguments on one side, appeal to authority on the other. Moreover, Ruffstates that this stance does not help the Bishops creditability as authoritative teachers in

light of the fact that the Bishops continue to teach that every use of artificial contraception

is morally wrong, yet 98% of US Catholic women disagree. Ruff states I hope, O how Ihope, that were not heading into a situation where the Bishops condemn books

representative of the work of about 98% of theologians, and keep doing so until thetheologians come around.

I think it is apropos to look at the words ofCardinal Joseph Bernadin, who founded the

Catholic Common Ground Initiativebefore he died found at that the beginning ofJohnsons

bookThe Church Women Want, There are urgent questions that the church in the United

States knows it must air openly and honestly but which it increasingly feels pressed or

evade or, at best, address obliquely. These issues call for a constructive debate by thosewith different viewpoints in dialogue expressed in an atmosphere of mutual respect

where all parties can listen, learn, contribute, wrestle with the insights that should betested and refined. For Bernadin, theology is not only healthy but ultimately builds up a

vital future for the church. We are a living changing church, and through this journey it isour responsibility to understand the faith that we ascribe our beliefs to even if it means

asking hard questions and exploring new interpretations. In essence, theologians and

bishops should work together, even if it means challenging the status quo and it should bea conversation about just that.

I would like to conclude with a list of Catholic Theologians, which along with Elizabeth

Johnson, are considered to be an unsafe. A majority of these individuals have influenced
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me in my own theology and are the very reason that I remain a Catholic today. They have

given me a means in which to survive within a constricting and oppressive patriarchal

institution. They continue to remind me fundamentally what Catholicism really means. I

wonder, actually I hope that one day I might be added to this list. This list is by no means

exhaustive (note the ones with * have received official Vatican Notices): Oscar Romero

(early in his career did not have support),*Jon Sobrino,*Fr. Roger Haight,*Philip Keane,*Hans Kung,*Fr. Michael Morwood*Fr. Roy Bourgeois,Fr. Art Baranowski, Fr.Phil

Berrigan,Fr. Tissa Balasuriya,Fr. Patrick Brennan,Fr. John Coleman,Cardinal Roger

Mahoney,,Bishop Franz Kamphaus,Bishop Rembert Weakland,Bishop Thomas Gubleton,

Bishop Raymond Lucker,Bishop Michael V. Seneco,Bishop Remi DeRoo,Bishop Jacques

Gaillot,Thomas McCabe,Fr. Charles Curran,*Fr. Robert Nugent,Fr. George Wertin, Fr.

Richard McBrien,Fr. Karl Rahner,*Fr. Edward Schillebeeckx,Fr. Matthew Fox,Fr. Don

Cozzens,Joseph Kelly,*Fr. Jacques Dupius, *Jacques Pohier, Sr. Carol Coston,Sr. Lavinia

Byrne,Sr. Joan Chittister,Sr. Christine Schenk,Sr. Sandra Schneiders,Mary E. Hunt,Sr.

Geannine Gramick,Rosemary Radford Ruether, andElisabeth Schssler Fiorenza.
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fm?article_id=3569http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Schillebeeckxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Schillebeeckxhttp://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/book-news/religion/article/47787-matthew-fox-speaking-the-truth-in-love.htmlhttp://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/book-news/religion/article/47787-matthew-fox-speaking-the-truth-in-love.htmlhttp://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/book-news/religion/article/47787-matthew-fox-speaking-the-truth-in-love.htmlhttp://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2010/10/why_our_priests_remain_silent.htmlhttp://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2010/10/why_our_priests_remain_silent.htmlhttp://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2010/10/why_our_priests_remain_silent.htmlhttp://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2010/10/why_our_priests_remain_silent.htmlhttp://www.jcu.edu/religion/Kelly/index.htmhttp://www.jcu.edu/religion/Kelly/index.htmhttp://www.jcu.edu/religion/Kelly/index.htmhttp://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=34318http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=34318http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=34318http://www.paulistboston.com/release_details.asp?id=30http://www.paulistboston.com/release_details.asp?id=30http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/600437.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/600437.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/600437.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/600437.stmhttp://www.benetvision.org/http://www.benetvision.org/http://www.benetvision.org/http://futurechurch.org/http://futurechurch.org/http://futurechurch.org/http://anunslife.org/2009/08/19/sister-sandra-schneiders-on-u-s-women-religious-and-the-apostolic-visitation/http://anunslife.org/2009/08/19/sister-sandra-schneiders-on-u-s-women-religious-and-the-apostolic-visitation/http://anunslife.org/2009/08/19/sister-sandra-schneiders-on-u-s-women-religious-and-the-apostolic-visitation/http://www.religiondispatches.org/authors/maryehunt/http://www.religiondispatches.org/authors/maryehunt/http://www.religiondispatches.org/authors/maryehunt/http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19990531_gramick-nugent-notification_en.htmlhttp://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19990531_gramick-nugent-notification_en.htmlhttp://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19990531_gramick-nugent-notification_en.htmlhttp://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19990531_gramick-nugent-notification_en.htmlhttp://www.cgu.edu/pages/3563.asphttp://www.cgu.edu/pages/3563.asphttp://www.cgu.edu/pages/3563.asphttp://www.hds.harvard.edu/people/faculty/elisabeth-sch%C3%BCssler-fiorenzahttp://www.hds.harvard.edu/people/faculty/elisabeth-sch%C3%BCssler-fiorenzahttp://www.hds.harvard.edu/people/faculty/elisabeth-sch%C3%BCssler-fiorenzahttp://www.hds.harvard.edu/people/faculty/elisabeth-sch%C3%BCssler-fiorenzahttp://www.cgu.edu/pages/3563.asphttp://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19990531_gramick-nugent-notification_en.htmlhttp://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19990531_gramick-nugent-notification_en.htmlhttp://www.religiondispatches.org/authors/maryehunt/http://anunslife.org/2009/08/19/sister-sandra-schneiders-on-u-s-women-religious-and-the-apostolic-visitation/http://futurechurch.org/http://www.benetvision.org/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/600437.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/600437.stmhttp://www.paulistboston.com/release_details.asp?id=30http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=34318http://www.jcu.edu/religion/Kelly/index.htmhttp://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2010/10/why_our_priests_remain_silent.htmlhttp://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2010/10/why_our_priests_remain_silent.htmlhttp://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/book-news/religion/article/47787-matthew-fox-speaking-the-truth-in-love.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Schillebeeckxhttp://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=3569http://old.stjoan.com/features/gwertin.htmhttp://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19990531_gramick-nugent-notification_en.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Curran_%28theologian%29http://www.bishop-accountability.org/specialtopics/priestgroups/2002-10-04-Wakin-PriestsSeek.htmhttp://articles.latimes.com/keyword/jacques-gaillothttp://articles.latimes.com/keyword/jacques-gaillothttp://www.lifesitenews.com/news/dissidents-baum-and-de-roo-to-speak-friday-at-ontario-catholic-college/http://cohort9.americanobserver.net/egner/seneco.htmlhttp://www.dnu.org/news/lucker/bishopoverview.htmlhttp://www.lifesitenews.com/news/archive/ldn/2006/jan/06012602http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/w/rembert_g_weakland/index.htmlhttp://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/1999/december6/23.0.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Mahonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Mahonyhttp://www.americamagazine.org/content/searchresults.cfm?search=John%20A.%20Coleman&startrow=1&searchby=2http://www.csec.org/csec/sermon/brennan_4303.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissa_Balasuriyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Berriganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Berriganhttp://www.cta-usa.org/http://www.uscatholic.org/blog/2011/04/father-roy-bourgeois-women-can-be-priestshttp://www.morwood.org/files/god_is_near_4.htmhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/04/23/vatican-responds-to-hans_n_549975.htmlhttp://www.amazon.com/Sexual-Morality-Perspective-Philip-Keane/dp/0809120704http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2009-01-06-vatican-jesuit_N.htmhttp://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20061126_notification-sobrino_en.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero

a theologian's struggle with the catechism for the children of the catholic church

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