The Analysis of Communicative Translation Method Dr. Zakir Naik’s book The

Qur’aan and Modern Science

A thesis

Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for

The Degree of Strata 1

Nurul Shanty Dewantari

NIM: 1112026000063

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA

2019

i

ABSTRACT

Nurul Shanty Dewantari, The Analysis of Communicative Translation Method Dr.

Zakir Naik’s Book The Qur’aan and Modern Science. Thesis. English Letters

Department: Adab and Humanity Faculty, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2019.

This thesis aims to analyze the application of communicative translation

method by Newmark in translating Dr. Zakir Naik’s book “The Qur’aan and Modern

Science”. The writer wants to find how the translator approach the communicative

translation method in translating the text. The writer used the descriptive qualitative

method to analyze the data. She reads, identifies, classifies, and collects the data. She

analyzes this translation according to the theory of communicative translation by

Newmark. The writer finds some translations were translated by using communicative

translation method and the translator used some procedures to help him approach the

communicative translation result such as transposition, modulation, and paraphrase.

All data that has been analyzed are translated very communicative. It proved from the

research findings that every single data has fulfilled the principles of communicative

translation method.

Keyword: Communicative, Translation, Zakir Naik

ii

APPROVEMENT

The Analysis of Communicative Translation Method Dr. Zakir Naik’s book The

Qur’aan and Modern Science

A Thesis

Submitted to Adab and Humanities Faculty

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

The Degree of Strata One

NURUL SHANTY DEWANTARI

NIM: 1112026000063

Approved by:

Dr. H. Muhammad Farkhan, M. Pd.

NIP. 19650919 200003 1 002

(Day/Date: Monday / October 8th, 2018 )

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA

2019

iii

LEGALIZATION

Name : Nurul Shanty Dewantari

NIM : 1112026000063

Title : The Analysis of Communicative Translation Method Dr. Zakir Naik’s

book The Qur’aan and Modern Science

The thesis entitled above has been defended before the Letters and

Humanities Faculty’s Examination Committee on December 6th, 2018. It has

already been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

of strata one.

Jakarta, December 6th, 2018

Examination Committee

Signature Date

1. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd. (Chair Person) _______ _______

19640710 199303 1 006

2. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum. (Secretary) _______ _______

19781003 200112 2 002

3. Dr. H. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd. (Advisor) _______ _______ 19650919 200003 1 002

4. Dr. Frans Sayogie, S.H., M.H., M.Pd.(Examiner I) _______ _______ 19700310 200003 1 002

5. Sholikatus Sa’diyah, M.Pd. (Examiner II) _______ _______

19750417 200501 2 007

iv

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, do the

best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published

and written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has

been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or

other institution of higher learning, execpt where due acknowledgement has

made in the text.

Jakarta, December 6th, 2018

Nurul Shanty Dewantari

v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, the writer would like to thank to Allah SWT, for the best

guidance, brightness lights and deepest merci. The pour of blessing lead her to finish

this thesis. Shalawat and salam always devoted to our Prophet Muhammad SAW, peace

be upon him who was guided us from the darkness to the enlightenment world.

This thesis compiled to get a bachelor’s degree. With all the impediment the

writer has, she hopes this research will helps those who want to do a similar research

and of course she hopes this research will helps in the education field.

The writer would like to express her gratitude for the Dean of Adab and

Humanities Faculty, Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, MA.g. And, she would like to express her

deepest gratitude to Dr. H. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd., Mrs. Sholikatus Sa’diyah,

M.Pd., Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd., Mrs. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum., and Dr. Frans Sayogie,

M.Pd., whose always inspire, encourage, and guide her to finish her thesis. Also, she

would like to take this opportunity to express her sincere gratitude and thankfulness to:

- Her father, who was raising her with all the love he has and never underestimate

her with whatever she’s doing.

- Her family, who always support and have enough patience for her by time she

finished her study.

vi

- Ruliana Fajrin, who always has nice words to motivates the writer to finish her

study.

- LOL girls, who always remind her about the progress of this thesis.

- Megi Fernanda, who always wakes her up in the morning and remind her to not

being such a couch potato and tell her to get up and checked whether the thesis

accepted or not yet. In addition, he motivates her in the best way he can and she

hopes he will always do.

- Mustika Oktavia, who helped her answering many questions related to this

thesis.

- Rivki Surya Maulana, who motivates her to finish her study as soon as possible.

- Also, for her friends whose name cannot be mentioned one by one.

Jakarta, October 15th 2018

Nurul Shanty Dewantari

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. i

APPROVEMENT ...................................................................................................... ii

LEGALIZATION ......................................................................................................iii

DECLARATION ....................................................................................................... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... vii

LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... ix

CHAPTER I ............................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 1

A. Background of the Research ...................................................................... 1

B. Focus of the Research ................................................................................. 4

C. Research Question....................................................................................... 4

D. Objective of the Research ........................................................................... 4

E. Significance of the Research ....................................................................... 5

F. Research Methodology ............................................................................... 5

1. Method of the Research ................................................................................. 5

2. Research Instrument ............................................................................... 6

viii

3. Unit of Analysis ....................................................................................... 6

4. Analysis Technique ................................................................................. 6

CHAPTER II .............................................................................................................. 8

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................... 8

A. Previous Research ....................................................................................... 8

B. Translation Method .................................................................................... 9

C. Procedures of Translation ........................................................................ 13

CHAPTER III .......................................................................................................... 18

RESEARCH FINDINGS ......................................................................................... 18

A. Data Description ........................................................................................ 18

B. Data Analysis ............................................................................................. 18

CHAPTER IV .......................................................................................................... 37

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ............................................................... 37

A. Conclusions ................................................................................................ 37

B. Suggestions ................................................................................................. 37

BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 39

APPENDICES .......................................................................................................... 40

A. The Book .................................................................................................... 40

B. The Author ................................................................................................ 41

ix

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 : Table of Data……………………………………………………………...30

Table 1.1 : Table of Total Data……………………………………………………….35

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Research

In this era, science and technology are being more developed and it’s

important for the human’s life. Many information can be accessed either online

or offline and has been written in books, newspapers, websites, journals, etc.

Nevertheless many information are written in English because English is used

as an international communication around the world which is, somehow, a

problem for those who do not understand English and this case exists in

Indonesia too. Indonesian people who do not understand English chose to read

any information that has been translated into Bahasa.

However, translating any information is not easy because in translating

a text, the translator should understand the culture of the source language and

what the writer wants to say and also the translator must face the difference of

cultural and structural system and those can be the reason of failed translation

that is why a translator should understand the cultural problem and the theories

of translation because a translator has to convey the information from the source

language to the target language clearly (Rudlof 43).

2

Translation is the process of transferring the meaning from the source

language to the target language in accordance with the content of messages,

thoughts, and ideas which exist in the source language and is reasonably placed

in the target language. Not only the form of the language, but also the meaning

and cultural values contained in the source language needs to be delivered in

commensurate with the target language in order to make the translation results

are accurate, acceptable, and easily understood by the reader or listener (Guru

Besar Udayana 47).

Nida and Taber sentenced that the correct translation depends on for

whom the translation were addressed, namely the prospective reader of the

translation. Benny H. Hoed added that correctness in translation also relies on

the purpose of the translation itself (Machali 13). Lately, many literature and

non literature works such as novels, dramas, poetries, scriptures, etc. are

translated into Bahasa. There are a lot of translation books for adults or children

displayed in the bookstore.

Many methods presented by the experts to translate. One of them is

communicative method by Newmark. The different of culture is the main

reason why the words, phrases, or expressions are difficult to translate. If the

culture of the source language and the target language are similar, it would be

easy to translate. Contrarily, if the culture of the source language and the target

language are far different it would be hard to find the similar meaning in the

process of translating.

3

Communicative method tends to convey the information to be more

accurate and focus in the target language so the information can be easily

understood. The interesting thing in this method is the translator can

immediately catch the essence conveyed in a particular text without having to

translate all the text and certainly not reduce the information that the writer

wants to convey.

Therefore, this research is needed to determine how the results obtained

in translation by using the communicative method and translation procedure.

For example:

Source language text: “hard disk capacity has grown faster than a child

fed with fast food and fried chicken five times a day.”

Interpreted to target language: “kapasitas hard disk telah berkembang

lebih cepat dibandingkan seorang anak yang diberi makan dengan

makanan siap saji dan ayam goreng lima kali sehari.”

Communicative method: “kapasitas hard disk telah berkembang

demikian cepatnya.” (Sayogie, 104).

From the example above, by using communicative method the translator must

convey the information from the source language to be easier to understand by

the target language reader.

4

B. Focus of the Research

Based from background of the study above, the focus of the research is

on the communicative translation method in the The Qur'aan and Modern

Science Book by Dr. Zakir Naik.

C. Research Question

Based on focus of the study above, the writer intends to propose the

research question below:

1. What kind of translation procedures the translator applied in The Qur'aan

and Modern Science book to achieve the communicative translation?

2. How does the communicative translation method eventuate in The Qur'aan

and Modern Science book?

D. Objective of the Research

The goals of the research are as follows:

1. To find the translation procedures used by the translator in The Qur’aan

and Modern Science book to achieve the communicative translation.

2. To acknowledge how the translator eventuate the communicative

translation method in The Qur’aan and Modern Science book.

5

E. Significance of the Research

Hopefully, contribution towards translation study can be given

throughout the provision of principles relating to communicative translation

and strategies to overcome them within this research. Ultimately, this research

are expected to be a reference and a new perspective for the readers,

respectively for the translators.

F. Research Methodology

Methodology of the research is including several aspects on research such

as method of the research, objective of the research, technique of the research,

instrument of the research, and unit analysis.

1. Method of the Research

This research uses descriptive qualitative research method because this

research will examine the data which is in a form of book. Moreover, the

analysis which is used in this study is content analysis.

6

2. Research Instrument

The writer will analyzes each text that contain communicative trasnslation

by using the theory of communicative translation by Newmark.

In this research, the writer will perform several stages: (a) reading and

comparing every text to determine the communicative translation, (b)

identifying the data, (c) classifying the text that contain communicative

translation, (d) analyzing the data based on the translation theory, (e) presenting

the result of the research.

3. Unit of Analysis

Unit of analysis in this research, the writer uses The Qur'aan and Modern

Science Book by Dr. Zakir Naik distributed by AHYA Multi-Media on March

2000, 48 pages and its translation Miracles of Al-Qur’an and As-Sunnah by

Dani Ristanto published by PT Aqwam Media Profetika on Januari 2016, 72

pages.

4. Analysis Technique

Using qualitative approach, the researcher conducts the analysis of collected

data as the following:

a. Reading the source language text and the target language;

7

b. Underlining the paragraph that might consider as communicative

translation;

c. Noting down the paragraph that used the communicative translation

method;

d. Analyzing the accuracy of the communicative translation is based on

Newmark theory;

e. Concluding it in a report.

8

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Previous Research

The detailed study of communicative translation is not new in the field of

translation, some researchers have apparently taken this very concept to the basis of

their research.

Research conducted by Wang Miaomiao in A Study on Semantic and

Communicative Translation of Magical Things in ‘Harry Potter’ explains about both

semantic and communicative translation theory by Peter Newmark as the guiding

principles to analyze the translation of Harry Potter book which takes both Western and

Chinese culture into consideration. The second research is from Shabnam Shakernia in

Study of Nida’s (formal and dynamic equivalence) and Newmark’s (semantic and

communicative translation) translating theories on two short stories aimed which of

these approaches are the main focuses of the translators in the translations of the two

short stories. The third research is from Vadim V. Sdobnikov in Translation Strategy

Revised: the Communicative-Functional Approach which in this article the foundations

of the communicative-functional approach to translation are explained, a classification

of communicative situations in which translation is used as a professional activity is

made, the definition of translation strategy is given and types of translation strategies

are established.

9

In the three previous researches, the writers analyze semantics and communicative

translation methods. One of them focus in the functional approach of the

communicative translation while in this research, the writer wants to focus only on the

communicative method because she aims to know how the communicative translation

eventuate in the text and how the way translator translated it.

B. Translation Method

Peter Newmark denied the possibility of a science of translation and the existence

of a single method of translating. In what follows, and on the basis of a few examples,

I shall endeavor to show the method best applied in translating is –or should be- one

and the same, regardless of whether, at the re-expression stage, the translator chooses

to follow the semantic or communicative or literal or any other approach. I shall also

try to prove that the method itself provides the criteria for giving partial or total

preference to any specific approach or combination thereof (Newmark, Textbook 172).

The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or

freely. The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the

readership, the type of text, was not discussed. Frequently, writer, translator, and reader

were implicity identified with each other. Now the context has changed but the basic

problem remains.

Newmark classifies the translation method in two part. First, the method of

translation emphasized in the source language which the translator attempt to translate

the text as precisely as possible with the contextual meaning in the source language.

And last, the method of translation emphasized of target language which the translator

10

attempt to rewrite the meaning and thought of the writer in source language want to say

(Sayogie 70).

Newmark put it on V diagram:

SL TL

Word-for-word translation Adaptation

Literally Translation Free Translation

Faithful Translation Idiomatic Translation

Semantic Translation Communicative Translation

1. Word for Word Translation

This method is considered as the closest to the source language because the

sequence of the words in source language text are maintained in the target language.

The words that contain the culture of the source language are translated literally to the

target language. This method used to understand the source language or to interpreting

the text which is difficult for the beginning of translation.

2. Literal Translation

In literal translation, the grammatical structure on the source language converted to

the equivalent of the target language. Like the wod for word translation, this method

could be used to see the problem in translating.

11

3. Faithful Translation

Faithful translation is trying to get the contextual meaning of the source language

although still bound with the grammatical structure of the source language. This

method cling to the meaning of the source language so the translation was seen as a

rigid.

4. Semantic Translation

Unlike the faithful translation, this method consider aesthetic of the source

language by compromised the meaning as long as it is reasonably. In addition, the

words that only contain a few of cultural meaning could be translated with a neutral

words or any functional terms. The difference between faithful translation and semantic

translation is semantic translation more flexible. Empathy in translating the source

language using the semantic translation method is allowed.

Based describing SL emphasis methods, Newmark describes TL emphasis methods

which are adaptation, free translation, idiomatic translation and communicative

translation methods.

1. Adaptation

Adaptation method is the closest to the target language. This method is preferred

for translating drama and poetry but the themes, characters and the plot are usually

retained. The culture of the source language converted into the target language and the

translator will rewrite the text. In a scientific essay, logic take the precedence while the

examples are reduced or removed.

12

2. Free Translation

Free translation is rewriting the text without seeing the source language. Usually

the paraphrase that maybe shorter or longer than the original. It could be paraphrase in

the same language so it called “intra-lingual” but this is not a translation anymore

because this happened in the same language.

3. Idiomatic Translation

In this method, the message of the source language is delivered in a different form

of the original and it causes deviation of meaning since it is using the daily conversation

and idioms that are not present in the source language but can be used in the target

language. Although it is not always possible because the idioms are not always aligned

in the source language and the target language text. In this case, the idiom is forced to

be translated into the non-idiom phrase.

4. Communicative Translation

Communicative translation tries to convey the contextual meaning of the source

language in such way so the content and the language is acceptable to the target

language reader. This method called as an ideal translation (Sayogie, 70-72).

Communicative translation is always concentrated on the reader but the equivalent-

effect element is in operant if the text is out of TL space and time. The characteristic of

communicative translation, it is likely to be smoother, simpler, clearer, more direct,

more conventional, conforming to particular register of language, tending to under

translate. It attempts to produce on its reader as an effect as close as possible to obtained

13

on the readers of the original. It also addresses itself solely to the second reader who

does not anticipate difficulties or obscurities, and would expect a generous transfer of

foreign elements into his own culture as well as his language where necessary.

Communicative translation method is the method which is oriented to the target

language. According to its name, this method take the principles of communicative that

obtain to reproduce the contextual meaning of the source language to the target

language in such a way. Either the linguistics aspects or the content aspects which

directly understood by the readers and the translation is directly acceptable (Newmark,

Approaches 47).

Communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the

original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and

comprehensible to the readership. However, in communicative translation of vocative

texts, equivalent effect is not only desirable, it is essential (Newmark, Textbook, 45).

Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as

possible to that obtained on the readers of the original. Semantic translation attempts

to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language

allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original (Newmark, Textbook, 39).

C. Procedures of Translation

Newmark said that the procedures of translation are used for smaller unit of

language, such as clauses, phrases and words (Newmark, Textbook 5). Translation

procedure is a technical direction to translate word to word, phrase to phrase and sentence

to sentence or some strategies which carried out in translation including word, phrase and

14

sentence. According to Newmark in his book A Textbook of Translation, there are eighteen

types of procedure in translation:

1. Transference, (loan word, transcription) is the processes of transferring a SL word to a

TL text as a translation procedure, e.g. the word decoration in English becomes the

word dekorasi in Bahasa.

2. Naturalisation, this procedure adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation,

then to the normal morphology (word-form) of the TL, e.g. active in English and aktif

in Bahasa.

3. Cultural equivalent, this is an approximate translation where a SL cultural word is

translated by a TL cultural word, e.g. menteri keuangan in Bahasa becomes Minister

of Finance / Chancellor of The Exchequer in English.

4. Functional equivalent, it applied to cultural words, requires the use of a culture free

word, e.g. secondary school in English and Sekolah Menengah Pertama in Bahasa.

5. Descriptive equivalent, in translation, description sometimes has to be weighed against

function.

6. Synonimy, it is near TL equivalent to SL word in a context, where a precise equivalent

may or may not exist. This procedure is used for a SL word where there is no clear one-

to-one equivalent and the word is not important in the text, e.g. ‘kind person’ in English

becomes ‘orang yang baik’ in Bahasa.

7. Through translation, it is the literal translation of common collocation, names of

organizations, the components of compounds and perhaps phrases, e.g. United Nation

Organization (UNO) in English becomes Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) in

Bahasa.

15

8. Transposition, this is one of the most common procedures used in translation. It

involves replacing grammatical structure in the SL with one of a different type in order

to achieve the same effect. There are four types as follow:

a. The change from plural to singular, e.g. ‘a pair of trousers’ in English becomes

‘sebuah celana’ in Bahasa.

b. Required when a source language grammatical structure does not exist in the TL,

e.g. ‘the bomb was blasted yesterday’ becomes ‘bom itu diledakkan kemarin’. ***

c. The one where literal translation is grammatically possible but may not accord with

natural usage in TL, e.g. ‘lending bank’ becomes ‘bank yang memberikan

pinjaman’.

d. The fourth type is the replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical

structure, e.g. ‘it is this agreement which is referred to’ becomes ‘perjanjian inilah

yang diacu’.

9. Modulation, it entails a change in lexical elements, a shift in the point of view.

Modulation and transpotition are two main processes in the translation. They may take

place in the same time. Vinay and Darbelnet coined the term modulation to define a

variation through a change of a viewpoint, of perspective and very often category of

thought. Newmark divided modulation into two types. The first is standard modulation;

it is used when word, phrase, or structure was not having equivalence meaning in TL.

Example: the word lessor and lessein English language. The second type is free

modulation is used by the translator when the translator reject literal translation, such

as to clear the meaning, e.g. ‘environmental degradation’ becomes ‘penurunan mutu

lingkungan’.

16

10. Recognized Translation, it occurs when the translator normally uses the official or the

generally accepted translation of any institutional term, e.g. ‘Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat

(DPR)’ in Bahasa and ‘The House of Representative’ in English.

11. Translation Label, this is a provisional translation, usually of a new institutional term,

which should be made in inverted commas, which can later be discreetly with drawn.

It could be through literal translation, thus: ‘heritage language’ and ‘langue d’heritage’.

12. Compensation, it occur when loss of meaning, sound-effect, metaphor or pragmatic

effect in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part, or in a contiguous

sentence.

13. Compenential Analysis, it means comparing a SL word with a TL word which has a

similar meaning but it is not an obvious one-to-one equivalent, by demonstrating first

their common and then their differing sense components.

14. Reduction and Expansion, these are rather imprecise translation procedures, which you

practice intuitively in some cases.

15. Paraphrase, this is an amplification or explanation of the meaning of a segment of the

text.

16. Other procedures, Vinay and Darbelnet also give:

a. Equivalence, an unfortunately named term implying approximate equivalence,

accounting for the same situation in different terms. E.g. ‘the story so far’ in English

becomes ‘ceritanya sangat berbeda’ in Bahasa.

b. Adaptation, use of a recognized equivalent between two situation. This is a matter

of cultural equivalence, such as ‘Dear Sir’ translated as ‘Dengan Hormat’ in

Bahasa.

17

17. Couplets, it occurs when the translator combines two different procedures.

18. Notes, notes are additional information in a translation (Newmark, Textbook 85-93).

Based on explanation above, there are eighteen types procedures by Peter Newmark.

Transpotition and modulation are commonly used by the translator in translating from one

language (SL) into another language (TL). Usually, the translator learned about the whole text

before translating the meaning. Translation procedure can help the translator to solve the

problems in translating all types of the text.

18

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDINGS

A. Data Description

The writer would like to show the following data which are taken from

The Qur’aan and Modern Science book by Dr. Zakir Naik and Miracles of Al-

Qur’an and As-Sunnah by Dani Ristanto. The writer analyzes the paragraph

and compares it with its translation. The selected data includes the types of

communicative translation procedures that are used by the translator.

B. Data Analysis

In data analysis, the writer compares the English version of source

language (SL) and Indonesian version of target language (TL) to find out the

data that contain of communicative translation method and tries to classify it

which will be analyzed by using the relevant theory: Newmark’s perspective in

communicative translation. The data can be analyzed as follows:

Datum 1

SL: The moon rotates around its axis in the same duration that it takes to

revolve around the earth. It takes approximately 29½ days to complete one

rotation. One cannot help but be amazed at the scientific accuracy of the

Qur’aanic verses. Should we not ponder over the question: “What was the

source of knowledge contained in the Qur’aan?”

TL: Sedangkan, rotasi bulan pada sumbunya membutuhkan durasi yang sama

dengan revolusinya mengelilingi bumi, yaitu 29½ hari. Satu hal yang membuat

kita kagum adalah ketepatan antara sains dan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an. Satu

pertanyaan yang patut kita renungkan, “Siapakah yang menjadi sumber

pengetahuan dalam Al-Qur’an?”

In this paragaraph, the translator used the modulation procedure to

translate the sentences “The moon rotates around its axis in the same duration

that it takes to revolve around the earth. It takes approximately 29½ days to

complete one rotation.” to only one sentence which is “Sedangkan, rotasi bulan

pada sumbunya membutuhkan durasi yang sama dengan revolusinya

mengelilingi bumi, yaitu 29½ hari.” Which means there is a change in

perspective so the sentence would be easily accepted in the target language

readers because there are no repetition there.

And, the translator used the transposition procedure to translate the next

sentence “one cannot help but be amazed at the scientific accuracy of the

Qur’aanic verses.” to “satu hal yang membuat kita kagum adalah ketepatan

antara sains dan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an.” because if it translated using literal

translation to be “satu tidak bisa tidak akan kagum pada ketetapan ilmiah

menerangkan ayat-ayat.” the grammatical structure doesn’t fit in the target

language and make the readers find a difficultness in understanding the

meaning of the sentence.

This paragraph consider as communicative because it fulfills all

principles of communicative translation method which are smoother, simpler,

clearer, more direct to the meaning, more conventional, conforming to

particular register of language, and tending to under translate and this is seen

from the sentences of source language “The moon rotates around its axis in the

same duration that it takes to revolve around the earth. It takes approximately

29½ days to complete one rotation.” to only one sentence “Sedangkan, rotasi

bulan pada sumbunya membutuhkan durasi yang sama dengan revolusinya

mengelilingi bumi, yaitu 29½ hari.” Also the sentence “One cannot help but

be amazed at the scientific accuracy of the Qur’aanic verses.” to “Satu hal

yang membuat kita kagum adalah ketepatan antara sains dan ayat-ayat Al-

Qur’an.” Which can be seen the translator is not using any unnecessary words

to add up the sentence in this paragraph and make it easier to understand by the

target language reader.

Datum 2

SL: The surface of the earth is broken into many rigid plates that are about 100

km in thickness. These plates float on a partially molten region called

aesthenosphere. Mountain formations occur at the boundary of the plates. The

earth’s crust is 5 km thick below oceans, about 35 km thick below flat

continental surfaces and almost 80 km thick below great mountain ranges.

These are the strong foundations on which mountains stand.

TL: Permukan bumi terpecah-pecah menjadi banyak lempeng yang memiliki

ketebalan sekitar 100 km. Lempengan ini mengambang di sebagian wilayah

yang mencair (disebut aesthenosphere). Formasi gunung terbentuk pada

lempengan tersebut. Kerak bumi tebalnya 5 km di bawah lautan, tebalnya

sekitar 35 km di bawah permukaan kerak continental dan hampir mencapai 80

km di bawah pegunungan besar. Ini adalah fondasi yang kuat bagi pegunungan.

The translator using the transposition procedure to translate the whole

paragraph. The translator using the type of changing the plural to singular. It

can be seen in the sentence “These plates float on a partially molten region

called asthenosphere.” and translated to “lempengan ini mengambang di

sebagian wilayah yang mencair (disebut aesthenosphere).” and “Mountain

formations occur at the boundary of the plates.” to “Formasi gunung terbentuk

pada lempengan tersebut.” instead of “lempengan-lempengan ini mengambang

di sebagian wilayah yang disebut aesthenosphere.” and “Formasi-formasi

gunung terbentuk pada lempengan tersebut.” It’s acceptable because the

concern is to achieve the same effect with the meaning of the source language.

This paragraph contains the principles of communicative translation

method which are smoother, simpler, clearer, more direct, more conventional,

conforming to particular register of language, and tend to under translate. And,

it is seen from the sentence of source language “These plates float on a partially

molten region called aesthenosphere.” to the target language “Lempengan ini

mengambang di sebagian wilayah yang mencair (disebut aesthenosphere).”

And “Mountain formations occurs at the boundary of the plates.” to “Formasi

gunung terbentuk pada lempengan tersebut.” They are become smoother,

simpler, clearer, more direct, more conventional, and conforming to particular

register of language because the translator translate it based on what the writer

want to say and not adding up any unnecessary words to those sentences.

Therefore, this paragraph consider as communicative translation.

Datum 3

SL: Modern science has discovered that in estuaries, where fresh (sweet) and

salt water meet, the situation is somewhat different from that found in places

where two seas meet. It has been discovered that what distinguishes fresh water

from salt water in estuaries is a “pycnocline zone with a marked density

discontinuity separating the two layers.” This partition (zone of separation) has

salinity different from both the fresh water and the salt water.

TL: Ilmu pengetahuan modern juga telah menemukan muara, tempat air tawar

dan asin bertemu. Di muara ini, situasinya agak berbeda dengan dua laut yang

bertemu. Kemudian, ditemukan bahwa apa yang membedakan antara air tawar

dan air asin di muara disebut zona pycnocline. Ini ditandai dengan kepadatan

yang memisahkan dua lapisan.” Zona ini memiliki salinitas yang berbeda.

The translator divide the sentence “It has been discovered that what

distinguishes fresh water from salt water in estuaries is a “pycnocline zone with

a marked density discontinuity separating the two layers.” This partition (zone

of separation) has salinity different from both the fresh water and the salt

water.” to “Kemudian, ditemukan bahwa apa yang membedakan antara air

tawar dan air asin di muara disebut zona pycnocline. Ini ditandai dengan

kepadatan yang memisahkan dua lapisan.” Zona ini memiliki salinitas yang

berbeda.” in two parts, which he used the transposition with the replacement

of virtual lexical gap by the grammatical structure to translate the sentence “It

has been discovered that what distinguishes fresh water from salt water in

estuaries is a “pycnocline zone with a marked density discontinuity separating

the two layers.” into “Kemudian, ditemukan bahwa apa yang membedakan

antara air tawar dan air asin di muara disebut zona pycnocline. Ini ditandai

dengan kepadatan yang memisahkan dua lapisan.” and modulation to entails a

change in lexical elements to translate “This partition (zone of separation) has

salinity different from both the fresh water and the salt water.” to “zona ini

memiliki salinitas yang berbeda.” And, simplify it to the natural grammar that

often used in target language to get the target language readers easily

understand the meaning.

The source language sentence “Modern science has discovered that in

estuaries, where fresh (sweet) and salt water meet, the situation is somewhat

different from that found in places where two seas meet.” translated into the

target language sentences “Ilmu pengetahuan modern juga telah menemukan

muara, tempat air tawar dan asin bertemu. Di muara ini, situasinya agak

berbeda dengan dua laut yang bertemu.” Even though the translator translated

one sentence of source language into two sentences of the target language, he

translated it in more conventional way and he tried to deliver the meaning the

writer wants to say in a clearer way.

In the next sentences which are “It has been discovered that what

distinguishes fresh water from salt water in estuaries is a “pycnocline zone with

a marked density discontinuity separating the two layers.” This partition (zone

of separation) has salinity different from both the fresh water and the salt

water.” to the sentences “Kemudian, ditemukan bahwa apa yang membedakan

antara air tawar dan air asin di muara tersebut disebut zona pycnocline. Ini

ditandai dengan kepadatan yang memisahkan dua lapisan.” Zona ini memiliki

salinitas yang berbeda.” Also the sentence “Modern science has discovered

that in estuaries, where fresh (sweet) and salt water meet, the situation is

somewhat different from that found in places where to seas meet.” Which is

translated to the sentence “Ilmu pengetahuan modern juga telah menemukan

muara, tempat air tawar dan asin bertemu. Di muara ini, situasinya agak

berbeda dengan dua laut yang bertemu.” The translator translated it in a

simpler way which he does not need to add notes to deliver the meaning the

writer wants to say clearly. The translator translated it smoother, simpler,

clearer, more direct, more conventional, conforming to particular register of

language, and is under translate. Therefore, this paragraph consider as

communicative translation.

Datum 4

SL: In simple terms, certain substances from the contents of the intestines enter

into the vessels of the intestinal wall itself, and these substances are transported

by the blood stream to the various organs.

TL: Dalam istilah sederhana, zat tertentu dari usus masuk ke dalam pembuluh

dinding usus itu sendiri dan zat-zat yang diangkut oleh aliran darah di

distribusikan ke berbagai organ.

The translator used the transposition procedure to translate this

paragraph. It is seen when he translated the sentence “In simple terms, certain

substances from the contents of the intestines enter into the vessels of the

intestinal wall itself, and these substances are transported by the blood stream

to the various organs.” to “Dalam istilah sederhana, zat tertentu dari usus

masuk ke dalam pembuluh dinding usus itu sendiri dan zat-zat yang diangkut

oleh aliran darah di distribusikan ke berbagai organ.” which if it translated

literally and the result will be “Dalam istilah sederhana, zat tertentu dari isi

usus masuk ke dalam pembuluh dari dinding usus itu sendiri, dan zat ini

diangkut oleh aliran darah ke berbagai organ.” but it will make the target

language readers feel confused so he change the structure of source language

structure to be acceptable in the target language to make the result feel natural

when it read by the target language readers.

This paragraph consider as communicative translation method because

the sentence “In simple terms, certain substances from the contents of the

intestines enter into the vessels of the intestinal itself, and these substances are

transported by the blood stream to the various organs.” is translated smoother,

simpler, clearer, more direct, more conventional, conforming to particular

register of language, and is under translate to the sentence “Dalam istilah

sederhana, zat tertentu dari usus masuk ke dalam pembuluh dinding usus itu

sendiri dan zat-zat yang diangkut oleh aliran darah di distribusikan ke

berbagai organ.” which is easier for the target language reader to understand

the meaning of the whole paragraph.

Datum 5

SL: In 1981, during the Seventh Medical Conference in Dammam, Saudi

Arabia, Dr. Moore said, “It has been a great pleasure for me to help clarify

statements in the Qur’aan about human development. It is clear to me that these

statements must have come to Muhammad from God or Allah, because almost

all of this knowledge was not discovered until many centuries later. This proves

to me that Muhammad must have been messenger of God or Allah.”

TL: Pada tahun 1981, selama konferensi medis ke-7 di Dammam, Arab Saudi.

Dr.Moore mengatakan, “Menjadi sebuah kehormatan bagi saya untuk

membantu memperjelas pernyataan dalam Al-Qur’an tentang perkembangan

manusia. Jelas bagi saya bahwa pernyataan ini datang kepada Muhammad dari

Allah, karena hampir semua pengetahuan ini tidak ditemukan sampai berabad-

abad kemudian. Ini menjadi bukti bagi saya bahwa Muhammad benar-benar

utusan Allah.”

The translator used the modulation procedure to change the lexical

elements (a shift in the point of view) in the word “it has been a great pleasure

to me to help clarify statements in the Qur’aan about human development.”

which the original meaning of the target language is “merupakan kesenangan

besar bagi saya untuk membantu menjelaskan pernyataan di dalam Al-Qur’aan

tentang perkembangan manusia.” but because it’s not something similar in the

target language culture, so he changed it to “menjadi sebuah kehormatan bagi

saya untuk membantu memperjelas pernyataan dalam Al-Qur’an tentang

perkembangan manusia.” it is acceptable to get the target language reader can

easily understood the meaning of the source language.

This paragraph considered as communicative because the sentence “it

has been a great pleasure to me to help clarify statements in the Qur’aan about

human development.” were translated smoother, simpler, clearer, more direct,

more conventional, conforming to particular register of language, tend to be

under translate to the sentence “menjadi sebuah kehormatan bagi saya untuk

membantu memperjelas pernyataan dalam Al-Qur’an tentang perkembangan

manusia.” and make the target language reader could easily understand the

meaning that the writer wants to say.

Datum 6

SL: In embryonic stages, the reproductive organs of the male and female, i.e.

the testicles and the ovaries, begin their development near the kidney between

the spinal column and the eleventh and twelfth ribs. Later they descend; the

female gonads (ovaries) stop in the pelvis while the male gonads (testicles)

continue their descent before birth to reach the scrotum through the inguinal

canal. Even in the adult after the descent of the reproductive organ, these organs

receive their nerve supply from the Abdominal Aorta, which is in the area

between the backbone (spinal column) and the ribs. Even the lymphatic

drainage and the venous return goes to the same area.

TL: Dalam tahap embrio, organ-organ reproduksi laki-laki dan perempuan,

yaitu testis dan ovarium, mulai berkembang di sekitar ginjal antara sumsum

tulang belakang, tulang rusuk kesebelas dan kedua belas. Seiring kedewasaan,

organ tersebut turun. Ovarium (gonad perempuan) berhenti di panggul

sementara testis (gonad laki-laki) turun hingga mencapai skrotum melalui

inguinalis canal. Bahkan, pada orang dewasa setelah turunnya organ

reproduksi, organ ini menerima pasokan saraf dan darah dari Abdominal Aorta,

yang terletak di antara tulang belakang dan tulang rusuk.

The translator used the paraphrase procedure to explain the meaning of

this paragraph from the source language to the target language. It is seen in the

sentence “Later they descend; the female gonads (ovaries) stop in the pelvis

while the male gonads (testicles) continue their descent before birth to reach

the scrotum through the inguinal canal.” to “Seiring kedewasaan, organ

tersebut turun. Ovarium (gonad perempuan) berhenti di panggul sementara

testis (gonad laki-laki) turun hingga mencapai skrotum melalui inguinalis

canal.” Also “even in the adult after the descent of the reproductive organ,

these organs receive their nerve supply from the Abdominal Aorta, which is in

the area between the backbone (spinal column) and the ribs.” to “bahkan, pada

orang dewasa setelah turunnya organ reproduksi, organ ini menerima pasokan

saraf dan darah dari Abdominal Aorta, yang terletak di antara tulang belakang

dan tulang rusuk.” The translator even deleted the sentence “even the lymphatic

drainage and the venous return goes to the same area.” and prefer not translated

it to simplify the target language style to make it easier to be understood by the

target language readers.

The sentence “Later they descend; the female gonads (ovaries) stop in

the pelvis while the male gonads (testicles) continue their descent before birth

to reach the scrotum through the inguinal canal.” translated to “Seiring

kedewasaan, organ tersebut turun. Ovarium (gonad perempuan) berhenti di

panggul sementara testis (gonad laki-laki) turun hingga mencapai skrotum

melalui inguinalis canal.” Also the sentence “Even in the adult after the

descent of the reproductive organ, these organs receive their nerve supply from

the Abdominal Aorta, which is in the area between the backbone (spinal

column) and the ribs.” translated to the sentence “Bahkan, pada orang dewasa

setelah turunnya organ reproduksi, organ ini menerima pasokan saraf dan

darah dari Abdominal Aorta, yang terletak di antara tulang belakang dan

tulang rusuk.” to make the target language readers could easily understand

what the writer wants to convey. The sentence “Even the lymphatic drainage

and the venous return to the same area.” to make it simpler, smoother, clearer,

more direct, more conventional, conforming to particular register of language,

and tend to be under translate to make the target language reader can understand

really well. Therefore this paragraph is considered using the communicative

translation method.

From the analysis above, the writer can tabulate below:

1. Table of data findings

No. Procedures SL TL Explanation

1. Modulation The moon

rotates around

its axis in the

same duration

that it takes to

revolve around

the earth. It

takes

approximately

29½ days to

complete one

rotation.

Sedangkan,

rotasi bulan

pada

sumbunya

membutuhk

an durasi

yang sama

dengan

revolusinya

mengeliling

i bumi, yaitu

29½ hari.

There is a

change in

perspective.

2. Transposition One cannot

help but be

amazed at the

scientific

accuracy of the

Qur’aanic

verses.

Satu hal

yang

membuat

kita kagum

adalah

ketepatan

antara sains

dan ayat-

ayat Al-

Qur’an.

Because if it

translated

using literal

translation to

be “satu tidak

bisa tidak

akan kagum

pada

ketetapan

ilmiah

menerangkan

ayat-ayat.”

Will make the

target

language

readers find a

difficultness

in

understandin

g the meaning

of the

sentence

because the

grammatical

structure does

not fit in the

target

language.

3. Transposition These plates

float on a

partially

molten region

called

asthenosphere.

Lempengan

ini

mengamban

g di

sebagian

wilayah

yang

mencair

(disebut

asthenosphe

re).

The translator

using the type

of changing

the plural to

singular type

of

transposition

to avoid any

repeating

words in the

target

language to

make it easier

for the target

language to

understand

the meaning

of this

sentence.

4. Transposition Mountain

formations

occur at the

boundary of

the plates.

Formasi

gunung

terbentuk

pada

lempengan

tersebut.

The translator

using the type

of changing

the plural to

singular type

of

transposition

to avoid any

repeating

words in the

target

language to

make it easier

for the target

language to

understand

the meaning

of this

sentence.

5. Transposition It has been

discovered that

what

distinguishes

fresh water

from salt water

in estuaries is a

“pynocline

zone with a

marked density

discontinuity

separating the

two layers.”

Kemudian,

ditemukan

bahwa apa

yang

membedaka

n antara air

tawar dan

air asin di

muara

disebut zona

pycnocline.

Ini ditandai

dengan

kepadatan

yang

memisahka

n dua

lapisan.”

The translator

used the

replacement

of virtual

lexical gap by

the

grammatical

structure.

6. Modulation This partition

(zone of

separation) has

salinity

different from

both the fresh

water and the

salt water.

Zona ini

memiliki

salinitas

yang

berbeda.

The translator

entails a

change in

lexical

elements.

7. Paraphrase Modern

science has

discovered that

in estuaries,

where fresh

(sweet) and salt

water meet, the

situation is

somewhat

different from

that found in

places where

two seas meet.

Ilmu

pengetahua

n modern

juga telah

menemukan

muara,

tempat air

tawar dan

asin

bertemu. Di

muara ini,

situasinya

agak

berbeda

dengan dua

The translator

add up one

sentence of

source

language into

two sentence

of the target

language to

deliver the

meaning the

writer wants

to say in a

clearer way.

laut yang

bertemu.

8. Transposition These

substances are

transported by

the blood

stream to the

various organs.

Zat-zat yang

diangkut

oleh aliran

darah di

distribusika

n ke

berbagai

organ.

The translator

change the

structure of

SL to be

accepted in

TL.

9. Modulation It has been a

great pleasure

to me to help

clarify

statements in

the Qur’aan

about human

development.

Menjadi

sebuah

kehormatan

bagi saya

untuk

membantu

memperjela

s pernyataan

dalam Al-

Qur’an

tentang

perkembang

an manusia.

The translator

change the

lexical

elements (a

shift in the

point of

view).

10. Paraphrase Later they

descend; the

female gonads

(ovaries) stop

in the pelvis

while the male

gonads

(testicles)

continue their

descent before

birth to reach

the scrotum

through the

inguinal canal.

Seiring

kedewasaan

, organ itu

turun.

Ovarium

(gonad

perempuan)

berhenti di

panggul

sementara

testis

(gonad laki-

laki) turun

hingga

mencapai

skrotum

melalui

inguinalis

canal.

The writer

wants to

explain the

meaning of

the target

language.

11. Paraphrase Even in the

adult after the

descent of the

reproductive

organ, these

organs receive

their nerve

supply from

the Abdominal

Aorta, which is

in the area

between the

backbone

(spinal solumn)

and the ribs.

Bahkan,

pada orang

dewasa

setelah

turunnya

organ

reproduksi,

organ ini

menerima

pasokan

saraf dan

darah dari

Abdominal

Aorta, yang

terletak di

antara

tulang

belakang

dan tulang

rusuk.

The writer

wants to

convey the

meaning that

the writer

wants to say.

1.1 Table of Total Data

Procedures Total

Transference 0

Naturalisation 0

Cultural equivalent 0

Functional equivalent 0

Descriptive equivalent 0

Synonimy 0

Through translation 0

Transposition 5

Modulation 3

Recognized translation 0

Translation label 0

Compensation 0

Compenential analysis 0

Reduction and expansion 0

Paraphrase 3

Equivalence 0

Adaptation 0

Couplets 0

Notes 0

The table above so that the translator tried to apply different procedures to

reach the communicative translation method which are modulation about

27,27%, transposition about 45,46% and paraphrase about 27,27%. The

calculation is based on how many procedures used by the translator

total data𝑥100%

37

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

According to the analysis, the writer concludes that the method used by the

translator are mostly communicative translation. The translations are translated very

communicative. It is proved by the data that has been analyzed by the writer. Every

single data has fulfilled the principles of communicative translation method. Using

different procedures but still communicative had been done by the translator as well.

The procedures used by the translator are: modulation, transposition, and

paraphrase. The translator even used more additional words on some sentences and

sometimes reduced the unnecessary words that caused the differences between SL and

TL. Those procedures used by the translator to get the translation can be accepted to

the norms of the target language and can be easily understood by the target language

readers. In conclusion, the translator wants to make the translations are smooth, simple,

clear but still able to deliver the meaning from the source language.

B. Suggestions

Through the research, the writer suggests the translator to read the text first and

understand what message from the source language want to tell before started to

translate. The translator has to recognize what the real meaning of the source language

words and what kind of translation approach is appropriate to apply because it will be

very helpful to the translator in finding the appropriate words. The writer also suggests

the readers who are interested to analyze the same topic especially in communicative

translation to learn several theories and read many references that related to the topic.

It is important because they can analyze their research easily.

Finally, the writer hopes that this research can give benefit to the readers and help

the next other researchers in analyzing the same topic.

39

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Newmark, Peter. (1988). A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice-Hall.

Newmark, Peter. (1981). Approaches to Translation. Oxford: Permagon Press.

Machali, Rochayah. (2000). Pedoman Umum bagi Penerjemah. Jakarta: PT. Grasindo.

Moeliono, Anton & Ruddyanto C. (1989). Kembara Bahasa. Jakarta: Gramedia.

Alfarisi, Zaka. (2011). Pedoman Penerjemahan Arab Indonesia. Bandung: Remaja

Rosdakarya.

Larson, Mildred. (1984). Meaning-based Translation; A Guide to Cross-Language

Equivalence. USA: University Press of America.

Nida and Taber. (1974). The Theory and Practice of Translation. Den Haag: Brill.

Sayogie, Frans. (2014). Teori dan Praktik Penerjemahan. Tangerang Selatan:

Transpustaka.

Catford, J.C. (1965). A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press.

Basnet, Susan. (1996). Translation Studies. London: Routledge.

House, Juliane. (2009). Translation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Zuchridin S and Achmad Effendi. (1998). Materi Pokok Translation, Modul 1-6. Jakarta:

Karunika.

M.Rudlof. (2003). Teori Menerjemahkan Bahasa Inggris. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Pemikiran Kritis Guru Besar Universitas Udayana Bidang Sastra & Budaya, Volume

3/Cetakan ke-2. (Udayana University Press dan Badan Penjamin Mutu Universitas

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Wang Miaomiao. (2014). A Study on Semantic and Communicative Translation of Magical

Things in Harry Potter. http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/index. 09 December

2018.

Shakernia, Shabnam. (2014). Study of Nida’s (formal and dynamic equivalence) and

Newmark’s (semantic and communicative translation) translating theories on two

short stories.

http://www.meritresearchjournals.org/er/content/2014/January/Shabnam.pdf. 09

December 2018.

Sdobnikov, Vadim. (2011). Translation Strategy Revised: the Communicative-Functional

Approach. http://elib.sfu-

kras.ru/bitstream/handle/2311/2537/08_Sdobnikov.pdf;jsessionid=DF23DA77F1440

300B721C4758E7A631A?sequence=1. 09 December 2018

40

APPENDICES

A. The Book

The Qur’an and Modern Science tells about how the Quran that created thousands

years ago could align with the newly discovered science long after the al-Quran was

handed down to the earth. Dr. Zakir Naik explains it in this book in very detail and with

valid evidence.

He explained about the formation of the Earth, the form of Earth, the separation of

the salt and fresh water of the sea and many more things about science that has been

written in the Qur'an first.

41

B. The Author

Zakir Abdul Karim Naik (b. 1965) is an Indian Islamic speaker and the founder

and president of the Islamic Research Foundation (IRF). He is also the founder of

the Peace TV channel that reaches 200 million viewers. He has been called an

"authority on comparative religion", perhaps the most influential Salafi ideologue in

India", "the rock star of tele-evangelism and a proponent of modern Islam” and "the

world's leading Salafi evangelist". Unlike many Islamic speakers, his lectures are

given daily in English, not Urdu or Arabic and he usually wears a suit and tie. Before

becoming a public speaker, he trained as a physician. He has published booklet

versions of lectures on Islam and comparative religion.

42

43

44

45

46

47

48